CN110101806A - 一种艾草组合物抗***喷剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种艾草组合物抗***喷剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110101806A CN110101806A CN201910488910.1A CN201910488910A CN110101806A CN 110101806 A CN110101806 A CN 110101806A CN 201910488910 A CN201910488910 A CN 201910488910A CN 110101806 A CN110101806 A CN 110101806A
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- wormwood
- foot
- mouth disease
- water
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种艾草组合物抗***喷剂及其制备方法,该喷剂旨在解决现有治疗***的药剂不仅治疗时间长,而且治愈率低,且极易复发,同时治疗费用较高,严重影响相关养殖业发展的技术问题;该喷剂原料包括艾草、蒲公英、拉拉秧、槐叶、狗尾草、甘草、油茶果壳、茶皂甙、对氯间二甲苯酚、磺胺醋酰钠、氢氧化钠和高猛酸钾。其制备方法是通过炖煮和提取,分别将部分原料中的成分提取出来,再通过与茶皂甙等其他原料分阶段的混合,使其中的各种成分有机的融合在一起。通过该喷剂能缩短***的治疗周期,而且提高***的治愈率,并极大地降低了其复发率,同时降低了治疗费用,从而保证养殖业的健康发展。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于动物养殖领域,具体涉及一种艾草组合物抗***喷剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
***是猪、牛、羊等主要家畜和其它家养、野生偶蹄动物共患的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病,易感动物达70多种。临床特征是在口腔黏膜、蹄部和***皮肤发生水疱性疹。该病传播途径多、速度快,曾多次在世界范围内暴发流行,造成巨大政治、经济损失。鉴于此,世界动物卫生组织(OIE)将其列为A类传染病之首。
其中,牛口蹄病毒在牛群中的潜伏期为2-7d,体温迅速升高至40-41℃,牛群在潜伏期时通常食欲不振、精神萎靡和口流唾液,唇内、齿龈、口腔、颊部黏膜、蹄趾间和蹄冠部柔软皮肤以及***出现黄豆甚至核桃大的水泡,水泡破裂后出现溃烂,蹄部疼痛跛行甚至蹄壳脱落;病牛口温高,嘴边挂满白色泡沫状粘液,停止采食和反刍。解剖死牛可见患病牛的咽喉、器官、支气管和胃黏膜都有水泡、溃烂,而且出现黑棕色痂块,病牛胃部和大小肠黏膜出现血性炎症,肺呈浆液性浸润,心包内有大量浑浊和粘稠液体,心包膜头弥漫性点状出血,心肌有灰白色或浅黄色条纹如同虎皮状斑纹,俗称“虎斑心”。肉犊牛患病时,水泡症状不明显,常呈急性胃肠炎和心肌炎症状而突然死亡,死亡率高达20%-60%。
针对***,迄今为止尚无针对性并能完全有效地进行治疗的药物和疫苗;在现有技术的治疗中,一般为用***疫苗、***抗血清、复合维生素B粉、青霉素软膏、碘甘油等治进行疗,但使用这种方式不仅治疗时间长,而且治愈率低,且极易复发,同时治疗费用较高,效果也不甚理想,因此严重影响了相关养殖业的发展,所以,针对这种高发的***疾病,亟需研发一种治愈率高,复发率低,且治疗周期短的作用物。
发明内容
(1)要解决的技术问题
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种艾草组合物抗***喷剂及其制备方法,该喷剂旨在解决现有治疗***的药剂不仅治疗时间长,而且治愈率低,且极易复发,同时治疗费用较高,严重影响相关养殖业发展的技术问题;通过该喷剂能缩短***的治疗周期,而且提高***的治愈率,并极大地降低了其复发率,同时降低了治疗费用,从而保证养殖业的健康发展。
(2)技术方案
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了这样一种艾草组合物抗***喷剂,按重量份数计,原料的组分配比包括:
艾草2000-2400份,蒲公英200-300份,拉拉秧700-800份,槐叶500-600份,狗尾草300-400份,甘草200-300份,油茶果壳1000-1200份,茶皂甙50-70份,对氯间二甲苯酚90-110份,磺胺醋酰钠60-80份,氢氧化钠70-90份,高猛酸钾70-90份。
针对本技术方案抗***喷剂的配方成分,其分别的成分、价值及其他介绍如下。
艾草属于农村常见的一种植物,因为艾草的适应性非常强,所以全国各地的农村都有分布,但是艾草在不同地区的名称不同,在河北称为祁艾,在江西和江苏称为艾蓬,在福建、广东称为五月艾,在湖北、湖南被称为野艾,在云南被称为火艾。艾草的用法有两种,一种是煎煮熬汤饮用,一种是做成艾绒用于艾灸使用。艾草有些多功效,具体包括有:1.驱蚊,艾草因为有一种特殊的香味,这种香味具有良好的驱蚊效果;2.平喘、镇咳,艾草对人或者动物具有止咳作用;3.散寒除湿,艾草属于温性药物,艾草对人或者动物可以散寒除湿,;4.抗菌、抗病毒,艾草具有抗菌和抗病毒作用,包括冬季常发的***和猪流感等病毒性疾病。
蒲公英属多年生草本植物,其具有清热解毒、止咳润肺、抑菌杀菌等作用,对人或者动物的感冒、气管炎、肺炎的预防与治疗有些很好的疗效。
拉拉秧是桑科葎草属的一种野生的攀藤植物,径上面有刺,其是农村里人见人恨的植物,但却又是猪牛等食草类动物的最爱,因为拉拉秧有治疗上呼吸道感染、慢性支气管炎的功效,而且拉拉秧分布广泛,农民大可以就地取材来养猪,这样既能提高猪的抗病能力,还可以省下部分粮食用来节约成本。
槐叶属豆科植物槐的叶,其制药后具有清肝泻火、凉血解毒、燥湿杀虫之功效。用于小儿惊痫、壮热、肠风、尿血、痔疮、湿疹等症状。
狗尾草为旱地作物常见的一种杂草,其秆、叶可作饲料,也可入药,治痈瘀、面癣;全草加水煮沸20分钟后,滤出液可喷杀菜虫;小穗可提炼糠醛。
甘草素有“国老”的称号,可调和诸药,解百毒,相对其它中药甘草的价格也是非常便宜。甘草可用于脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心悸气短,咳嗽痰多,脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛,痈肿疮毒,缓解药物毒性、烈性。
油茶果壳中提取的鞣质具收敛性,内服可用于治疗胃肠道出血,溃疡和水泻等症;外用于创伤、灼伤,可使创伤后渗出物中蛋白质凝固,形成痂膜,可减少分泌和防止感染,鞣质能使创面的微血管收缩,有局部止血作用。
至于本技术方案抗***喷剂配方中的其他成分,如茶皂甙、对氯间二甲苯酚、磺胺醋酰钠、氢氧化钠、高猛酸钾,都有其明确的作用,或消毒杀菌,或消炎活血,在此就不再一一列举了。
优选地,按重量份数计,原料的组分配比包括:
艾草2200份,蒲公英250份,拉拉秧750份,槐叶560份,狗尾草340份,甘草250份,油茶果壳1100份,茶皂甙60份,对氯间二甲苯酚100份,磺胺醋酰钠70份,氢氧化钠80份,高猛酸钾80份。
该抗***喷剂通过特异性地成分比例,使各种成分更加科学合理地进行有机融合,这样可以进一步优化喷剂抗***的效果,进而最大限度地缩短治疗周期、提高治愈率、降低复发率。
本发明还提供了这样一种艾草组合物抗***喷剂的制备方法,该方法用于制作上述的喷剂,制备的具体步骤为:
步骤一、按原料配比,分别称取艾草、拉拉秧、槐叶,将其切段并混合均匀,再将其加入到艾草、拉拉秧、槐叶三者混合物总质量30-35倍的水中,对其进行沸煮60-80分钟,之后将其冷却并滤除水中的渣滓,得到提取液一;
步骤二、按原料配比,分别称取蒲公英、狗尾草、甘草,将其切段并混合均匀,再将其加入到蒲公英、狗尾草、甘草三者混合物总质量23-28倍的水中,在温度为80-90℃下对其进行炖煮3-4小时,之后将其冷却并滤除水中的渣滓,得到提取液二;
步骤三、按原料配比,称取油茶果壳,将其加入到油茶果壳质量0.5-3倍的乙醇水溶液中,乙醇水溶液的体积分数为50-85%,在室温下50-500W超声处理1-5小时,之后过滤,滤液经大孔树脂吸附,并用体积分数为40-65%的乙醇水溶液洗脱,且在50-65℃下0.01-0.1MPa减压干燥处理3-6小时,得油茶果壳鞣质的提取液三;
步骤四、将提取液一、提取液二、提取液三混合均匀,并向其中加入茶皂甙、对氯间二甲苯酚、磺胺醋酰钠,再通过真空脱泡搅拌使其充分混合均匀,之后再加入氢氧化钠和高猛酸钾进行搅拌混合均匀,即得到抗***喷剂。
优选地,在步骤一中,按原料配比,分别称取艾草、拉拉秧、槐叶,将其切段并混合均匀,再将其加入到艾草、拉拉秧、槐叶三者混合物总质量32倍的水中,对其进行沸煮70分钟,之后将其冷却并滤除水中的渣滓,得到提取液一。
优选地,在步骤二中,按原料配比,分别称取蒲公英、狗尾草、甘草,将其切段并混合均匀,再将其加入到蒲公英、狗尾草、甘草三者混合物总质量25倍的水中,在温度为85℃下对其进行炖煮3.5小时,之后将其冷却并滤除水中的渣滓,得到提取液二。
优选地,在步骤三中,按原料配比,称取油茶果壳,将其加入到油茶果壳质量1-2倍的乙醇水溶液中,乙醇水溶液的体积分数为75%,在室温下300W超声处理3小时,之后过滤,滤液经非极性的大孔树脂吸附,并用体积分数为50%的乙醇水溶液洗脱,且在60℃下0.05-0.08MPa减压干燥处理4.5小时,得油茶果壳鞣质的提取液三。
通过上述发明技术方案制备得到的抗***喷剂可直接将其制得气雾喷剂,即为抗***喷剂气雾剂,使用者可以非常方便快捷地对患有***疾病的动物相关部位或其养殖的场所进行喷洒,提高使用的便利性,同时也可以利用其功效,从而实现对***的预防。
(3)有益效果
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
1.本发明的抗***喷剂利用艾草、蒲公英、拉拉秧、槐叶、狗尾草、甘草各自植物内所含成分杀菌、抗病毒、消炎活血、调节肠胃等特性,并通过提取得到的油茶果壳鞣质,利用其可治疗胃肠道出血、溃疡和水泻、创伤、灼伤的效果,结合其对创伤后渗出物中蛋白质凝固,形成痂膜的作用,可有效地防止***的感染,再科学量化地配合茶皂甙、对氯间二甲苯酚、磺胺醋酰钠、氢氧化钠、高猛酸钾,结合其消毒杀菌、消炎活血的功效,从而在成分性质及功能上,使各者上形成协同互补,一方面,这样大大提升了喷剂对***治疗的综合药效,从而极大地缩短了***的治疗周期;另一方面,通过其成分消炎活血、抗病毒的功效,对***进行直接的治疗,结合其消毒杀菌的功效,对其进行间接的防治,多种方式同时作用,从而极大地提高了***的治愈率,并极大地降低了其复发率;最终深化了组合物长效的治疗效果,保证了养殖业的健康发展。
2.本发明抗***喷剂的制备方法通过分阶段的炖煮,先通过特定时间和水量的沸煮,将艾草、拉拉秧、槐叶中相应的成分提取出来,再通过特定温度等条件的炖煮,将蒲公英、狗尾草、甘草中相应的成分提取出来,又利用特定条件的提取得到油茶果壳鞣质,即分别通过最适宜的条件,将相应原料的成分最适宜的提取出来,结合茶皂甙、对氯间二甲苯酚、磺胺醋酰钠、氢氧化钠和高猛酸钾,且通过分阶段的提取和混合,使其中的各种成分有机的融合在一起,实现互相功能的优化,从而强化了喷剂对***治疗的综合药效。
总体而言,该喷剂能缩短***的治疗周期,而且提高***的治愈率,并极大地降低了其复发率,同时降低了治疗费用,从而保证养殖业的健康发展。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面对本发明具体实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,以进一步阐述本发明,显然,所描述的具体实施方式仅仅是本发明的一部分实施方式,而不是全部的样式。
实施例1
本具体实施方式为制备抗***喷剂,具体步骤为:
步骤一、分别称取2kg的艾草、0.8kg的拉拉秧、0.6kg的槐叶,将其切段并混合均匀,再将其加入到102kg的水中,对其进行沸煮60分钟,之后将其冷却并滤除水中的渣滓,得到提取液一;
步骤二、分别称取0.3kg的蒲公英、0.3kg的狗尾草、0.2kg的甘草,将其切段并混合均匀,再将其加入到18.4kg的水中,在温度为80℃下对其进行炖煮4小时,之后将其冷却并滤除水中的渣滓,得到提取液二;
步骤三、称取1.2kg的油茶果壳,将其加入到kg的乙醇水溶液中,乙醇水溶液的体积分数为50%,在室温下500W超声处理1小时,之后过滤,滤液经大孔树脂吸附,并用体积分数为65%的乙醇水溶液洗脱,且在50℃下0.01-0.04MPa减压干燥处理6小时,得油茶果壳鞣质的提取液三;
步骤四、将提取液一、提取液二、提取液三混合均匀,并向其中加入50g的茶皂甙、110g的对氯间二甲苯酚、60g的磺胺醋酰钠,再通过真空脱泡搅拌使其充分混合均匀,之后再加入90g的氢氧化钠和70g的高猛酸钾进行搅拌混合均匀,即得到抗***喷剂样品一,其后,为了便于后续对抗***喷剂使用,直接经充氮灌装得到气雾剂灌,即为抗***喷剂气雾剂。
实施例2
本具体实施方式为制备抗***喷剂,具体步骤为:
步骤一、分别称取2.2kg的艾草、0.75kg的拉拉秧、0.56kg的槐叶,将其切段并混合均匀,再将其加入到112.32kg的水中,对其进行沸煮70分钟,之后将其冷却并滤除水中的渣滓,得到提取液一;
步骤二、分别称取0.25kg的蒲公英、0.34kg的狗尾草、0.25kg的甘草,将其切段并混合均匀,再将其加入到21kg的水中,在温度为85℃下对其进行炖煮3.5小时,之后将其冷却并滤除水中的渣滓,得到提取液二;
步骤三、称取1.1kg的油茶果壳,将其加入到1.6kg的乙醇水溶液中,乙醇水溶液的体积分数为75%,在室温下300W超声处理3小时,之后过滤,滤液经非极性的大孔树脂吸附,并用体积分数为50%的乙醇水溶液洗脱,且在60℃下0.06MPa减压干燥处理4.5小时,得油茶果壳鞣质的提取液三;
步骤四、将提取液一、提取液二、提取液三混合均匀,并向其中加入60g的茶皂甙、100g的对氯间二甲苯酚、70g的磺胺醋酰钠,再通过真空脱泡搅拌使其充分混合均匀,之后再加入80g的氢氧化钠和80g的高猛酸钾进行搅拌混合均匀,即得到抗***喷剂样品二,其后,为了便于后续对抗***喷剂使用,直接经充氮灌装得到气雾剂灌,即为抗***喷剂气雾剂。
实施例3
本具体实施方式为制备抗***喷剂,具体步骤为:
步骤一、分别称取2.4kg的艾草、0.7kg的拉拉秧、0.5kg的槐叶,将其切段并混合均匀,再将其加入到126kg的水中,对其进行沸煮80分钟,之后将其冷却并滤除水中的渣滓,得到提取液一;
步骤二、分别称取0.2kg的蒲公英、0.4kg的狗尾草、0.3kg的甘草,将其切段并混合均匀,再将其加入到25.2kg的水中,在温度为90℃下对其进行炖煮3小时,之后将其冷却并滤除水中的渣滓,得到提取液二;
步骤三、称取1kg的油茶果壳,将其加入到kg的乙醇水溶液中,乙醇水溶液的体积分数为85%,在室温下50W超声处理5小时,之后过滤,滤液经大孔树脂吸附,并用体积分数为40%的乙醇水溶液洗脱,且在65℃下0.08-0.1MPa减压干燥处理3小时,得油茶果壳鞣质的提取液三;
步骤四、将提取液一、提取液二、提取液三混合均匀,并向其中加入70g的茶皂甙、90g的对氯间二甲苯酚、80g的磺胺醋酰钠,再通过真空脱泡搅拌使其充分混合均匀,之后再加入70g的氢氧化钠和90g的高猛酸钾进行搅拌混合均匀,即得到抗***喷剂样品三,其后,为了便于后续对抗***喷剂使用,直接经充氮灌装得到气雾剂灌,即为抗***喷剂气雾剂。
效果测试
取实施例1-3分别制得的抗***喷剂样品一、样品二、样品三,分别对其使用效果进行测定。
(1)抑菌效果测定:采用抑菌环法进行抑菌效果检测,所用菌株为糠秕马拉色菌标准菌株,培养基为琼脂培养基,样品添加量为1%,37℃培养24h。
(2)患***病猪养殖群的使用效果评价:选取4群患有***病的猪养殖圈,每个猪养殖圈内放置10头猪,共分为4组。针对第一组,每日三次在患病猪的患病溃烂部、口部、蹄部以及养殖所的猪圈内喷洒实施例1制得的抗***喷剂样品一,喷洒量为正常湿润表面即可,连续喷洒5天;针对第二组,每日三次在患病猪的患病溃烂部、口部、蹄部以及养殖所的猪圈内喷洒实施例2制得的抗***喷剂样品二,喷洒量为正常湿润表面即可,连续喷洒5天;针对第三组,每日三次在患病猪的患病溃烂部、口部、蹄部以及养殖所的猪圈内喷洒实施例3制得的抗***喷剂样品三,喷洒量为正常湿润表面即可,连续喷洒5天;针对第四组,则使用现今市面上普通市售用于治疗猪***疾病的食用药剂和注射剂进行资料,连续处理5天。观察5天内四组***病猪的治疗情况,并统计治疗治愈速度和治愈率,以及后续的复发率,并结合各组的对比观察,对各样品进行综合评价。
针对抑菌效果测定的实验结果见表1,通过结果可以看出,实施例1-3分别制得的抗***喷剂样品一、样品二、样品三均具有较强的抗菌性,结合其成分的特性可以推知,其具有较强的杀菌和抗病毒效果,可有效地防止***的感染。
表1、实施例1-3制得抗***喷剂的使抑菌效果
样品组别 | 抑菌圈直径(mm) |
样品一 | 27.7±1.7 |
样品二 | 28.3±1.2 |
样品三 | 27.5±1.6 |
针对患***病猪养殖群的使用效果评价的实验结果见表2,通过结果可以看出,实施例1-3分别制得的抗***喷剂样品一、样品二、样品三确实能缩短***的治疗周期,而且提高***的治愈率,并极大地降低了其复发率。
表2、实施例1-3制得抗***喷剂的使用效果评价
样品组别 | 患病猪数量 | 5天后治愈 | 平均治愈周期 | 复发率 |
组别一 | 10头 | 8头 | 4.2天 | 10% |
组别二 | 10头 | 10头 | 3.4天 | 0% |
组别三 | 10头 | 9头 | 3.7天 | 0% |
组别四 | 10头 | 6头 | 6.5天 | 30% |
以上描述了本发明的主要技术特征和基本原理及相关优点,对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性具体实施方式的细节,而且在不背离本发明的构思或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将上述具体实施方式看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照各实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施方式中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
Claims (6)
1.一种艾草组合物抗***喷剂,其特征在于,按重量份数计,原料的组分配比包括:
艾草2000-2400份,蒲公英200-300份,拉拉秧700-800份,槐叶500-600份,狗尾草300-400份,甘草200-300份,油茶果壳1000-1200份,茶皂甙50-70份,对氯间二甲苯酚90-110份,磺胺醋酰钠60-80份,氢氧化钠70-90份,高猛酸钾70-90份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种艾草组合物抗***喷剂,其特征在于,按重量份数计,原料的组分配比包括:
艾草2200份,蒲公英250份,拉拉秧750份,槐叶560份,狗尾草340份,甘草250份,油茶果壳1100份,茶皂甙60份,对氯间二甲苯酚100份,磺胺醋酰钠70份,氢氧化钠80份,高猛酸钾80份。
3.一种艾草组合物抗***喷剂的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法用于制备如权利要求1或2所述的一种艾草组合物抗***喷剂,制备的具体步骤为:
步骤一、按原料配比,分别称取艾草、拉拉秧、槐叶,将其切段并混合均匀,再将其加入到艾草、拉拉秧、槐叶三者混合物总质量30-35倍的水中,对其进行沸煮60-80分钟,之后将其冷却并滤除水中的渣滓,得到提取液一;
步骤二、按原料配比,分别称取蒲公英、狗尾草、甘草,将其切段并混合均匀,再将其加入到蒲公英、狗尾草、甘草三者混合物总质量23-28倍的水中,在温度为80-90℃下对其进行炖煮3-4小时,之后将其冷却并滤除水中的渣滓,得到提取液二;
步骤三、按原料配比,称取油茶果壳,将其加入到油茶果壳质量0.5-3倍的乙醇水溶液中,乙醇水溶液的体积分数为50-85%,在室温下50-500W超声处理1-5小时,之后过滤,滤液经大孔树脂吸附,并用体积分数为40-65%的乙醇水溶液洗脱,且在50-65℃下0.01-0.1MPa减压干燥处理3-6小时,得油茶果壳鞣质的提取液三;
步骤四、将提取液一、提取液二、提取液三混合均匀,并向其中加入茶皂甙、对氯间二甲苯酚、磺胺醋酰钠,再通过真空脱泡搅拌使其充分混合均匀,之后再加入氢氧化钠和高猛酸钾进行搅拌混合均匀,即得到抗***喷剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种艾草组合物抗***喷剂的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤一中,按原料配比,分别称取艾草、拉拉秧、槐叶,将其切段并混合均匀,再将其加入到艾草、拉拉秧、槐叶三者混合物总质量32倍的水中,对其进行沸煮70分钟,之后将其冷却并滤除水中的渣滓,得到提取液一。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种艾草组合物抗***喷剂的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤二中,按原料配比,分别称取蒲公英、狗尾草、甘草,将其切段并混合均匀,再将其加入到蒲公英、狗尾草、甘草三者混合物总质量25倍的水中,在温度为85℃下对其进行炖煮3.5小时,之后将其冷却并滤除水中的渣滓,得到提取液二。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种艾草组合物抗***喷剂的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤三中,按原料配比,称取油茶果壳,将其加入到油茶果壳质量1-2倍的乙醇水溶液中,乙醇水溶液的体积分数为75%,在室温下300W超声处理3小时,之后过滤,滤液经非极性的大孔树脂吸附,并用体积分数为50%的乙醇水溶液洗脱,且在60℃下0.05-0.08MPa减压干燥处理4.5小时,得油茶果壳鞣质的提取液三。
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