CN110092792B - Iron ion probe of rhodamine B lactam Schiff base based on FRET mechanism - Google Patents
Iron ion probe of rhodamine B lactam Schiff base based on FRET mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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Abstract
The invention discloses an iron ion probe of rhodamine B lactam Schiff base based on a FRET mechanism, which is a Schiff base compound formed by condensation reaction of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and rhodamine B derived lactam. The fluorescent probe has good chemical and optical stability; has specific red fluorescence response to iron ions, the detection limit can reach nanomolar level, and the detection is not influenced by other ions such as K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cu2+、Mn2+、Fe2+、K+、Na+Etc., and the response is rapid; the fluorescence intensity of the probe shows a good linear relation in the concentration range of 0 to 35 mu M of iron ions; the probe is not interfered by anions, and can be applied to detection of iron ions in samples such as environment, food, medicines, cells, tissues and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of probes, and particularly relates to a series of FRET mechanism-based iron ion fluorescent probes and a fluorescent property research of a representative compound RhN4SB3 of the probes and iron ions.
Background
The physiological function of iron in humans and most animals is closely related to its form of presence, which is involved in hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome and polyglobinsThe synthesis of the enzyme can activate the synthesis of xanthine oxidase, amber dehydrogenase, etc. The human body absorbs iron element as Fe2+In the form of a substance having a reducing property such as cysteine, glutathione, etc., in vivo, Fe can be converted into Fe3+Reduction to Fe2+And thus absorbed. The metabolism of the iron element of a human body is greatly different from other trace elements, the metabolic process of the iron element can be regarded as a loop, the iron element can be recycled in the human body and plays an important role in almost every organ of the human body, but different physiological diseases can be caused by iron deficiency or iron excess, the iron deficiency can cause iron-deficiency anemia, the children suffer from the iron-deficiency anemia can cause the problems of intelligence weakening, cognitive ability development delay, immunity reduction and the like. Although a human body contains a large amount of iron, the excessive amount of iron also brings harm to the health of people. Excessive iron in vivo has toxic effects on the nervous system, and the increase of iron levels in specific regions of brain tissue is closely related to various neurodegenerative diseases. Clinical studies have shown that iron levels in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the brain are significantly higher than normal in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Ferritin levels in the substantia nigra region of the brain of PD patients are also abnormal, and several studies have shown that ferritin in both light and heavy subfamilies increases with age, but this phenomenon is not found in the brains of PD and AD patients. Elemental iron is present in the lewy body and in the surviving neurons of the substantia nigra of the brain of PD patients, where the byproduct hydrogen peroxide of oxidative deamination of dopamine is converted to hydroxyl radicals by iron catalysis. In addition, diabetes and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are also associated with iron overload. However, the exact mechanism of iron element in the pathological process and the association between the onset and formation of disease in psychiatric, circulatory and cancer diseases caused by iron overload has not been established.
Therefore, the development of a novel iron ion detection means plays a crucial role in further exploring the action mechanism of iron element in the above diseases. In recent years, fluorescent probe technology is widely concerned by people, and because iron ions have paramagnetism, the fluorescent probe is a common fluorescence quencher, fluorophores which have specific response and practical application values are relatively few, most of the currently reported iron ion specific fluorescent receptors need to have analogue structures of ferrichrome or siderophores, which undoubtedly limits the development of iron ion fluorescent probes.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has an object to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a compound which can be used as a highly sensitive iron fluorescent probe. Compared with the existing iron ion probe in the literature, the probe provided by the invention has the advantages of high sensitivity, low detection lower limit (nanomolar concentration nmol/L magnitude), high selectivity, strong stability, simple preparation, low synthesis cost and the like.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the iron ion probe of rhodamine B lactam Schiff base based on FRET mechanism has the structure shown in the following chemical formula:
the synthetic technical route is shown as the following chemical formula:
when the preparation is carried out, the following steps are carried out:
step 1, uniformly mixing rhodamine B and 2-hydroxy-1, 3-propane diamine in absolute ethyl alcohol, and keeping a system reflux state for 6-10 hours at 50-80 ℃ to obtain an intermediate substance RhN 4;
and 2, uniformly mixing the intermediate substance RhN4 and 2-hydroxy-naphthaldehyde in acetonitrile, and continuously stirring for 10-15 hours at 20-25 ℃ to obtain the iron ion probe compound RhN4SB 3.
In step 1, rhodamine B and 2-hydroxy-1, 3-propanediamine are in equimolar ratio.
In step 1, the system is maintained in a reflux state at 60-70 ℃ for 8-10 hours.
In step 2, intermediate RhN4 and 2-hydroxy-naphthaldehyde are in equimolar ratio.
In step 2, stirring is continued for 10-12 hours at 20-25 ℃, the stirring speed is 100-150 revolutions per minute, and the stirring is mechanical stirring.
When in detection, a detection system is composed of a sample to be detected and a probe compound solution, the iron ion probe compound RhN4SB3 is selected to be dispersed in a mixed solvent of acetonitrile and water to form the probe compound solution, the volume ratio of the acetonitrile to the water is 9:1, the sample to be detected is added into the solution, after full contact, the sample to be detected is excited by using fluorescence with the wavelength of 330nm, the maximum emission fluorescence intensity at 576nm is detected, the volume of the probe compound solution is in milliliter order, the volume of the sample to be detected is in microliter order, y is 138.98438x-80.54131, R is R20.93851, y is the maximum emitted fluorescence intensity at 576nm, and x is [ Fe ]3+]/[L]Namely, the concentration of ferric ions in a sample to be detected/the concentration of the probe compound in the probe compound solution, and the fluorescence intensity of the probe shows a good linear relation within the range of 0-35 mu M of the concentration of the ferric ions.
Preferably, in the probe compound solution, the volume of the solution is 2mL, and the concentration of the probe compound is 10 μ M; the volume of the sample to be tested is 10-20 mu L.
Preferably, the sample to be detected and the probe compound solution are mixed for 10-15 min at the room temperature of 20-25 ℃, and then spectrum sweeping is carried out, wherein the excitation wavelength is 330nm, and the maximum emission wavelength is 576 nm.
Before ligand molecules (probe compounds) are not combined with metal ions, only weak fluorescence generated by the naphthalene ring part due to an Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) mechanism can be observed due to the fact that the naphthalene ring part in the molecule is connected with a hydroxyl group for pushing electrons and a Schiff base imine structure for pulling electrons. When iron ions are added into the system, a rhodamine lactam structure in the ligand structure is subjected to ring opening, the conjugation degree of the molecular system is enhanced, red fluorescence with the wavelength of 576nm is emitted, and the system fluorescence is enhanced along with the increase of the concentration of the added iron ions, namely, the fluorescence position is unchanged, and the fluorescence intensity is enhanced.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer also known as Forster resonance energy transfer ((ii))
resonance energy transfer, FRET), which refers to the process by which energy is transferred from an excited donor fluorophore to an acceptor fluorophore in the ground state via a radiationless "dipole-dipole coupling". The process can form a larger pseudo Stokes shift in the fluorescence spectrum of the probe molecule, so that the probe molecule is used for detecting an object to be detected and emitting a fluorescence signal. The fluorescent probe molecule with the FRET mechanism is developed by adopting the micromolecule with the rhodamine lactam structure, and the fluorescent probe compound which is developed aiming at iron ions based on the structure has simple synthesis and rapid detection. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the complex formed by the fluorescent probe and the iron ions is excited at the maximum excitation wavelength of 330nm and at the maximum emission wavelength lambdaemWith a strong fluorescence peak at 576 nm. The fluorescence intensity of the probe shows good linear relation in the concentration range of 0-35 mu M iron ions, wherein y is 138.98438x-80.54131, R2＝0.93851。
2. The complex formed by the fluorescent probe and the iron ions shows different fluorescence intensities under different pH conditions, and the optimal pH range is 4-8.
3. The design of the fluorescent probe molecule is based on FRET principle, and the fluorescent quantum yield of the probe molecule is greatly increased before and after the probe molecule is combined with iron ions. The fluorescent probe molecule has good selectivity to iron ions and is free from other ions such as K+、Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Mn2+、Fe2+、K+、Na+Etc., and the response is rapid. And the anion hardly interferes the fluorescence of the probe.
4. The fluorescent probe molecule of the invention can detect the iron ions with nanomolar concentration within the nanomolar range after the complexation and the fluorescence detection between the fluorescent probe molecule and the iron ions, and the lower limit of the detection can be as low as 2.47 multiplied by 10–10M, high sensitivity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the linear relationship of fluorescence in the concentration of iron ions (0 to 35. mu.M) in the detection of iron ion concentration with a probe compound in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining specific examples.
Example 1 Synthesis and characterization of intermediate RhN4
Adding 2.0g (4.2mmol) of rhodamine B into 30mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, heating and stirring until the rhodamine B is completely dissolved, and slowly dropwise adding 5mL of 2-hydroxy-1, 3-propane diamine into 5mL of absolute ethyl alcohol into the absolute ethyl alcohol solution of the rhodamine B by using a constant-pressure dropping funnel under a reflux state. Maintaining the system in a reflux state for 8 hours after the dropwise addition is finished, changing the mixture solution from rose red into clear and transparent orange yellow, detecting by TLC (thin layer chromatography) until the raw material point basically disappears, cooling to room temperature of 20-25 ℃, performing rotary evaporation on anhydrous ethanol until a large amount of precipitate is separated out in the system, performing suction filtration to obtain light pink precipitate, washing by using distilled water until the washing solution is colorless, transparent and nearly neutral, and obtaining 1.81g of a product with the yield of 84%. m.p. 217-219 deg.C1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.82(dd,J＝5.6,2.7Hz,1H),7.42–7.34(m,2H),7.06–6.98(m,1H),6.40–6.27(m,4H),6.21(ddd,J＝9.2,6.8,2.6Hz,2H),3.26(q,J＝7.0Hz,8H),3.19–3.02(m,3H),2.55–2.37(m,3H),1.17(t,J＝7.0Hz,1H),1.09(t,J＝7.0Hz,12H).ESI-MS(m/z,M+):514.2
Example 2 Synthesis and characterization of Probe Compound RhN4SB3
Weighing 0.5g (0.97mmol) of RhN4, dissolving in 25mL of acetonitrile, slowly dropping acetonitrile solution containing 0.17g (0.97mmol) of 2-hydroxy-naphthaldehyde into the solution at normal temperature by using a constant pressure dropping funnel, continuously stirring for 12 hours, monitoring reaction by using TLC (thin layer chromatography) until a raw material point basically disappears, a large amount of yellow precipitate is separated out from the solution, filtering to obtain a crude product, and using the crude product to obtain the crude productRecrystallization from absolute ethanol gave 544.9mg as a tan powder in 84% yield. m.p. 153-158 deg.C1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.56(s,1H),7.85(dd,J＝5.8,2.7Hz,1H),7.74(d,J＝8.4Hz,1H),7.56(d,J＝9.3Hz,1H),7.48(d,J＝7.8Hz,1H),7.45–7.37(m,2H),7.32(t,J＝7.7Hz,1H),7.12(t,J＝7.4Hz,1H),7.04(dd,J＝5.7,2.6Hz,1H),6.77(d,J＝9.3Hz,1H),6.37(dd,J＝8.8,3.6Hz,2H),6.28(dd,J＝9.6,2.4Hz,2H),6.25–6.13(m,2H),3.39(s,3H),3.32–3.12(m,12H),1.05(q,J＝7.0Hz,13H).Main IR(KBr disk,cm–1):3320.3,2967.7,2932.7,1669.6,1634.6,1613.5,1545.6,1514.6,1118.2,1087.0,1042.3,881.4,820.0.ESI-MS(m/z,M+):668.3。
EXAMPLE 3 Probe Compound RhN4SB3 sensitivity to iron ions
The sensitivity to iron ions was evaluated using the synthesized and purified probe compound RhN4SB 3. 2mL of 10. mu.M probe compound RhN4SB3 (the solvent is a mixed solvent of acetonitrile and water, and the volume ratio of acetonitrile to water is 9:1) was added to the sample cell, and then 2.5 to 50. mu.M of an aqueous solution of ferric trichloride (ferric ion) (20. mu.L) was sequentially added thereto and mixed for 10min, and then the sweep spectrum was performed, the excitation wavelength was 330nm, and the maximum emission wavelength was 576nm (intensity at 576nm), and the test results are shown in Table 1. From table 1, the change in fluorescence intensity of ligand RhN4SB3 when complexed with iron ions in acetonitrile-water solution can be seen. Before ligand molecules are not combined with metal ions, only weak fluorescence generated by the naphthalene ring part due to an Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) mechanism can be observed due to the fact that the naphthalene ring part in the molecules is connected with a hydroxyl of a push electron and a Schiff base imine structure of a pull electron. When iron ions are added into the system, a rhodamine lactam structure in the ligand structure is subjected to ring opening, the conjugation degree of the molecular system is enhanced, red fluorescence with the wavelength of 576nm is emitted, and the system fluorescence is enhanced along with the increase of the concentration of the added iron ions, namely, the fluorescence position is unchanged, and the fluorescence intensity is enhanced.
TABLE 1, RhN4SB3 for different concentrations of Fe3+Fluorescence response of (1)minFluorescence intensity at 576nm without addition of iron ions; i is the fluorescence intensity at 576nm with different iron ions added, since the final detection system consisted of 2mL of probe compoundThe solution and 20 mu L ferric trichloride aqueous solution are formed, and the volume difference between the two solutions is large, so that the [ Fe ] in the system can be finally detected3+]As the concentration of iron ions in the aqueous solution of ferric trichloride.
| [Fe3+](μM) | Strength (a.u./at 576nm) | I/Imin |
| 0 | 2.15 | 1 |
| 2.5 | 2.86 | 1.33 |
| 5 | 6.42 | 2.99 |
| 7.5 | 7.89 | 3.68 |
| 10 | 31.937 | 14.89 |
| 12.5 | 67.631 | 31.53 |
| 15 | 100.85 | 47.02 |
| 17.5 | 194.86 | 90.84 |
| 20 | 247.44 | 115.35 |
| 25 | 317.53 | 148.03 |
| 30 | 361.93 | 168.73 |
| 35 | 395.97 | 184.60 |
| 40 | 421.97 | 196.72 |
| 45 | 433.95 | 202.31 |
| 50 | 434.25 | 202.45 |
The iron ion concentration is linear within 0-35 μ M, λExcitation wavelength＝330nm，λEmission wavelength576nm as shown in figure 1(Origin 8.5, linear regression equation y 138.98438x-80.54131, R20.93851, y is fluorescence intensity, x is [ Fe ]3+]/[L]I.e. the concentration of ferric ions in the sample to be detected/the concentration of probe compound in the probe compound solution). According to the experimental data, the binding constant of the probe compound and the iron ion can be calculated by the Benesi-Hildebrand equation (1),
wherein Fmax,FminF is RhN4SB3 and Fe respectively3+When the ion effect reaches saturation, the compound RhN4SB3 is not reacted with Fe3+Under the action of ions, the compound RhN4SB3 and Fe with any concentration3+The fluorescence intensity value of the system under the action of ions can be calculated by rewriting the Benesi-Hildebrand equation into equation (2),
to be provided with
Is shown as the abscissa of the graph,
linear fitting for ordinate yields the linear regression equation y-1E-09 x-0.2164, R20.9432, thereby deducing a binding constant of Ka＝2.164×108M-1. The results of compound RhN4SB3 normalized between the minimum fluorescence intensity and the maximum fluorescence intensity at 576nm were fitted linearly to the squares of different ferric ion concentrations to obtain the linear regression equation y ═ 7E +08x +0.1734, R2When 0.9581, the detection limit value can be determined to be 2.47 × 10-10M。
EXAMPLE 4 Probe Compound RhN4 selectivity for iron ion for SB3
The selectivity to iron ions was evaluated using the synthesized and purified probe compound RhN4SB 3. Firstly, preparing RhN4SB3 stock solution (the volume ratio of acetonitrile to water is 9:1) of 10 mu M and various common salt water solutions of sodium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt, magnesium salt and other transition metals, and after the metal and the ligand are fully mixed and stabilized for 30 minutes, sequentially carrying out fluorescence intensity detection on the mixed solution. The results of the experiments are shown in table 2: RhN4SB3 for Fe3+The response of (A) is very obvious, and when the reaction is combined with other components such as Zn2+,Na+,K+,Fe2+,Cu+,Cd2+,Ni2+,Mg2+,Mn2+,Co2+,Cu2+The fluorescence intensity of the mixed plasma metal ions does not change obviously when the mixed plasma metal ions are mixed with Cr3+,Al3+When mixed, produce a certain signal response but far below that of Fe3+In response to (2). According to the experimental phenomenon, the fluorescent probe RhN4SB3 is presumed to have better selectivity to iron ions.
TABLE 2.RhN4 fluorescent response of 4SB3 to common Metal ions-RhN 4SB3 (10. mu.M) fluorescent response intensity (. lamda.M) to various common metal ions (30. mu.M) in 2mL acetonitrile-water solutionex＝330nm，λem＝576nm)，I0RhN4 initial fluorescence intensity of SB3, and I is fluorescence intensity of RhN4SB3 after interaction with different metal ions.
| Intensity(a.u./at 576nm) | I/I0 | |
| RhN4SB3 | 2.43 | 1.00 |
| RhN4SB3+K+ | 2.19 | 0.90 |
| RhN4SB3+Na+ | 2.36 | 0.97 |
| RhN4SB3+Mg2+ | 2.63 | 1.08 |
| RhN4SB3+Al3+ | 36.87 | 15.17 |
| RhN4SB3+Cr3+ | 34.36 | 14.13 |
| RhN4SB3+Cu2+ | 16.99 | 6.99 |
| RhN4SB3+Co2+ | 2.35 | 0.96 |
| RhN4SB3+Ni2+ | 2.16 | 0.88 |
| RhN4SB3+Zn2+ | 3.10 | 1.27 |
| RhN4SB3+Cd2+ | 2.64 | 1.08 |
| RhN4SB3+Fe2+ | 2.69 | 1.10 |
| RhN4SB3+Mn2+ | 2.08 | 0.85 |
| RhN4SB3+Fe3+ | 439.53 | 180.88 |
EXAMPLE 5 Probe Compound RhN4SB3 binding to iron ions caused anti-interference of fluorescence
Because the organism is a complex buffer salt system with various metal ions, the fluorescent probe which can be applied to the organism has strong competitive power and strong anti-interference capability to other interfering ions. Therefore, it was examined whether the RhN4SB3 compound could reach Fe as a detection result in the presence of other metal ions3+And (5) the requirement of a probe.
To a set of 5. mu.M RhN4SB 32 mL acetonitrile-water (volume ratio 9:1) solutions was added 10. mu.M Fe3+2mL of the aqueous solution, and 2mL of 10. mu.M aqueous solution of another metal ion were added to the above mixed solution, respectively, and the change in fluorescence intensity was measured after shaking the sample at 25 ℃ for 2 hours at a speed of 100 rpm and reported in Table 3: as can be seen, other metal ions Al are common3+,Cd2+,Co2+,Cu+,Cu2+,Fe2+,K+,Na+,Mg2+,Ni2+,Zn2+Equivalent pairs of RhN4SB3-Fe3+Less interference of fluorescence intensity.
TABLE 3, RhN4 anti-interference property of 4SB3 for detecting iron ion-common metal ion (10 μ M) pair RhN4SB3(5 μ M) and Fe3+(10. mu.M) interference of fluorescence intensity by coordinationex＝330nm，λem＝576nm)，I0RhN4 fluorescence intensity after adding iron ion to SB3, and I fluorescence intensity after adding iron ion and different metal ions to RhN4SB 3.
EXAMPLE 6 Probe Compound RhN4SB3 fluorescence response intensity to iron ions at different pH conditions
Under different pH (2-11) values, the fluorescence response intensity of the probe compound RhN4SB3 at 576nm before and after being combined with iron ions is very low or very high, as shown in Table 4, the difference of the fluorescence intensity of the ligand and the complex is very small under the condition of very low or very high pH value, but in the range of pH 5-8, 30-80 times of the fluorescence response intensity of the ligand is generated after RhN4SB3 is combined with iron ions, wherein when the pH is 7, the fluorescence intensity is increased by about 72 times, and the pH range in organisms is 6.0-7.6, so that the fluorescence response of RhN4SB3 to iron ions under physiological environment is very significant, and the probe compound is expected to be applied to detect Fe in organisms3+The content of (a).
TABLE 4, RhN4 comparison of SB3 for Fe at different pH3+Fluorescence response intensity-RhN 4SB3 (5. mu.M) and Fe at different pH conditions3+(10. mu.M) fluorescence response intensity of the complex formed by coordination and binding.
Instrument list
| Name (R) | Model number | Manufacturer of the product | |
| Melting point instrument | X-4 digital display microscopic melting point determination 0010- | Beijing Taike | |
| Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy | Nicolet 380 | Thermo Electron | |
| Nuclear magnetic resonance | AVANCE III | 400 | U.S. Bruker |
| Fluorescence spectrometer | RF-5301 | Shimadzu of Japan | |
| Ultraviolet visible absorption spectrometer | U-3310 | Hitachi of Japan | |
| Laser confocal microscope | FV-1000 | Olympus et al, Japan |
List of raw materials and reagents
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that any simple variations, modifications or other equivalent changes which can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The application of the iron ion probe of rhodamine B lactam-type Schiff base based on the FRET mechanism in the detection of ferric ions is characterized in that the iron ion probe of the rhodamine B lactam-type Schiff base based on the FRET mechanism has a structure shown in the following chemical formula:
before the probe compound is not combined with ferric ions, because the naphthalene ring part in the molecule is connected with a hydroxyl of a push electron and a Schiff base imine structure of a pull electron, only weak fluorescence generated by the naphthalene ring part due to an intramolecular charge transfer mechanism can be observed; when ferric ions are added into the system, a rhodamine lactam structure in the ligand structure is subjected to ring opening, the conjugation degree of the molecular system is enhanced, red fluorescence with the wavelength of 576nm is emitted, and the system fluorescence is enhanced along with the increase of the concentration of the added ferric ions, namely, the fluorescence position is unchanged, and the fluorescence intensity is enhanced;
when in detection, a detection system is composed of a sample to be detected and a probe compound solution, the iron ion probe compound RhN4SB3 is selected to be dispersed in a mixed solvent of acetonitrile and water to form the probe compound solution, the volume ratio of the acetonitrile to the water is 9:1, the sample to be detected is added into the solution, after full contact, the sample to be detected is excited by using fluorescence with the wavelength of 330nm, the maximum emission fluorescence intensity at 576nm is detected, the volume of the probe compound solution is in milliliter order, the volume of the sample to be detected is in microliter order, y is 138.98438x-80.54131, R is R20.93851, y is the maximum emitted fluorescence intensity at 576nm, and x is [ Fe ]3+]/[L]That is, the concentration of ferric ion in the sample to be detected/the concentration of probe compound in the probe compound solution, the fluorescence intensity of the probe shows good linear relation in the range of 0-35 μ M of ferric ion concentration, and the lower limit of detection can be as low as 2.47 x 10–10M; the use is not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of disease.
2. The application of the iron ion probe of rhodamine B lactam Schiff base based on the FRET mechanism in the detection of ferric ions is characterized in that the volume of the solution in the probe compound solution is 2mL, and the concentration of the probe compound is 10 μ M; the volume of the sample to be detected is 10-20 mu L.
3. The application of the iron ion probe of rhodamine B lactam Schiff base based on the FRET mechanism in the detection of ferric ions according to claim 1, wherein a sample to be detected and a probe compound solution are mixed for 10-15 min at room temperature of 20-25 ℃, and then spectrum sweeping is carried out, the excitation wavelength is 330nm, and the maximum emission wavelength is 576 nm.
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