CN110089392A - A kind of plant cultivation media and preparation method thereof for roof greening - Google Patents
A kind of plant cultivation media and preparation method thereof for roof greening Download PDFInfo
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- CN110089392A CN110089392A CN201810088360.XA CN201810088360A CN110089392A CN 110089392 A CN110089392 A CN 110089392A CN 201810088360 A CN201810088360 A CN 201810088360A CN 110089392 A CN110089392 A CN 110089392A
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Abstract
The plant cultivation media and preparation method thereof that the invention discloses a kind of for roof greening, the preparation method of matrix of the present invention is that mushroom slag and flyash are carried out fermentation process first, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash is made, then mixes raw material flyash, turf, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash, vermiculite and water.The roof greening plant cultivation media that cultivation matrix of the invention is prepared using trade waste flyash, agricultural wastes mushroom slag as primary raw material; both the needs of plant normal growth be able to satisfy; agriculture and forestry, trade waste are taken full advantage of again; comprehensively utilize resource; not only it had reduced production cost but also had realized recycling for agricultural resource, and be conducive to environmental protection.
Description
Technical field
It is the present invention relates to a kind of industry, the utilization method of agriculture and forestry waste, in particular to a kind of to utilize agricultural wastes
And trade waste prepares the method for cultivation matrix and the cultivation matrix of preparation.
Background technique
In recent years, domestic many large- and-medium size cities suffer heavy rain repeatly and frequency shows effectiveness factors, and " seeing sea " predicament frequency is existing, and inner city
The cost that the scene of " seeing sea " is paid is numerous wrecked life and heavy economic loss.The rainwater resource in China city
Using consciousness is weak, and extremely low to the utilization rate of natural rain resource, less than 10%, a large amount of rainwater resources are directly drained, with me
State's water scarcity forms contradiction face outstanding.In recent years, China's most cities all received the influence of haze weather, especially
It is that northern area based on Jing-jin-ji region is particularly acute.And haze weather can generate strong influence to the health of human body.With
China's urban ecological problem becomes increasingly conspicuous, and more and more industries start to seek the sustainable development for solving urban ecology in practice
The method of exhibition problem, and propose one " sponge city " of construction.And the concern and promotion of the central government further promote this
The formal formation of theory.
Important content of the roof greening as sponge city has not only conformed with sponge city and " has preferentially utilized natural drainage system
System builds Demonstration for Ecological Sanitation facility, give full play to urban green space, road, water system etc. to the receiving of rainwater, store blend slow releasing function "
Requirement, the run-off of rainwater is also reduced from source, and between having delayed the peak of rainwater current；Roof greening considerably increases
The green coverage in city can effectively absorb the harmful substance in environment.
Roof greening because its construction environment particularity, to the more demanding of its matrix, in roof greening implementation process
Most important problem is to ensure that the safety of building carrier, is primarily exactly the load for building carrier, this is just needed very strictly
Selection growth matrix.The problem of natural original soil and traditional matrices maximum is exactly matrix subsidence problems, the suction with plant to nutrient
It receives, the degradation of organic matter causes nature original soil and traditional matrices ceaselessly to reduce and sink after the completion of construction, thus needs to determine
Phase supplements matrix, or even updates matrix or even secondary construction, this will be such that the later maintenance difficulty of roof greening increases, cost
Improve in addition roof greening the later period because in maintenance difficulties and cost problem fail；And traditional matrices bulk density kicks the beam, it cannot be fine
Fixation plant, natural original soil bulk density is excessive, permeability, protect store property it is not sufficient enough, can not be protected within the scope of the load-bearing on roof
Demonstrate,prove enough plant normality growths.So natural original soil and traditional matrices are unable to satisfy the requirement of roof greening.
Research in recent years finds that existing organic culture substrate, can be to the later maintenance of roof greening due to its subsidence problems
Greatly difficult and high cost is brought, is not able to satisfy the needs of roof greening, and the sustainable thoughts with sponge city
It runs in the opposite direction.Therefore roof greening requires bulk density moderate with matrix, is both capable of fixing plant, guarantees plant in the load-bearing on roof again
Within the scope of normality grow；Nutrition is moderate, will not cause to grow too fast increase later maintenance cost because nutrition is excessively high, will not be because
Oligotrophy not can guarantee the growth of plant normality；Permeability, guarantor's storage property is good, and moisture will not in the season of not rainwater, matrix
Because evaporation rate is land and several times even tens times indoor, and frequently waters, causes the nutrient loss of matrix too fast, mends
Water supplementary fertilizer increases the cost of maintenance；In rainwater frequent season, few, increase plant cannot or will not be discharged because of extra rainwater
The time that root is ducked in drink causes plant growth impaired.
China is the country using coal as main energy sources, and the 76% of electric power is generated by coal, and the flyash that fire coal generates is total
Volume of cargo in storage becomes maximum ash discharge in the world more than 1,000,000,000 tons, but also with the increase of annual 0.8 hundred million -1 hundred million tons of speed
State.Currently, China is stored as main means to the processing of flyash with grey field, a large amount of soils are not only taken up, also will cause serious
Environmental pollution.And the comprehensive utilization of flyash, it is concentrated mainly on architectural engineering, road engineering and backfill etc., is consumed
It measures limited.Compared with industry comprehensive utilization, agricultural use has that small investment, capacity is big, demand is steady, fluctuation is small, and is not necessarily to
The advantages that purification is the comprehensive Utilization Ways for being suitble to China's national situation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is being directed to existing roof greening plant cultivation media, a kind of use is provided
In the plant cultivation media and preparation method thereof of roof greening, the cultivation matrix bulk density for roof greening of the invention is moderate,
Not only it is capable of fixing plant, but also can guarantee that plant normality within the scope of the load-bearing on roof is grown；Nutrition content is moderate, will not
Cause to grow too fast increase later maintenance cost because nutrition is excessively high, the growth of plant normality will not be can guarantee because of oligotrophy；
Moreover, matrix permeability of the invention and guarantor's storage property are good, moisture will not be because of evaporation rate in the season of not rainwater, matrix
It is land and several times even tens times indoor, and frequently waters, cause the nutrient loss of matrix too fast, moisturizing supplementary fertilizer, which increases, supports
The cost of shield；In rainwater frequent season, it cannot or will not be discharged less because of extra rainwater, plant root is made to duck in drink
Overlong time causes plant growth impaired.
To achieve the purpose of the present invention, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of plant cultivation media preparation for roof greening
Method, characterized in that including mushroom slag and flyash are carried out fermentation process first, obtained fermentation mushroom slag-flyash then will be former
Feed powder coal ash, turf, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash, vermiculite and water mix.
Wherein, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash fermentation process includes the following steps:
A mushroom slag is uniformly mixed with flyash), water and pyroligneous liquor or bamboo vinegar liquid are then added into mixed material, is adjusted mixed
Moisture content >=50% of material is closed, pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material is made；
B fermenting agent) is added into pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material, piles fermentation heap body after mixing, carries out banking up hair
Ferment processing, wherein the temperature and moisture content of monitor fermentation heap body in banking up fermentation treatments；When heap temperature is increased to >=
At 60 DEG C, turning processing is carried out, and when the moisture content of fermentation heap body is less than 50%, sprayed water to heap body, it is aqueous to adjust heap body
Rate >=50%；After heap temperature decreases below 45 DEG C, heap body moisture content is no longer adjusted, until fermentation heap temperature reduction is extremely
Room temperature, fermentation terminate, and mushroom slag-flyash fermenting mixture is made；
C pyroligneous liquor) is added into mushroom slag-flyash fermenting mixture heap body, adjusts its pH value to 5.5-6.5, stirring is equal
Heap placement location 30-45 days again after even, Aging storage is carried out to get fermentation mushroom slag-flyash.
Wherein, step A) described in the ratio between the volume of mushroom slag and flyash be 70-80: 20-30, preferably 75: 25.
In particular, the amount of the pyroligneous liquor or bamboo vinegar liquid that are added is every 1m3Mushroom slag and flyash mixed material in add
The pyroligneous liquor or bamboo vinegar liquid of 15-25mL.
The pH of pyroligneous liquor or bamboo vinegar liquid is 3 or so in the present invention, and mushroom slag and flyash are all basic materials, adjustable pH
Value；Wood/bamboo vinegar liquid can promote the unique function of microbial activity at low concentrations, can initially be fermented in compost with quick start；
Especially, the amount of the pyroligneous liquor or bamboo vinegar liquid of addition is every 1m3Mushroom slag and flyash mixed material in add
The pyroligneous liquor or bamboo vinegar liquid of 20mL.
In particular, step A) described in mushroom slag moisture content be 50-65%, preferably 60%；The pH value of the bamboo vinegar liquid is
2-3.2, density 0.9-1.5g/mL, organic acid content 7-11%；Content of phenolic compounds is 6-8%；The pyroligneous liquor
PH value is 2.5-3.5, density 0.8-2.0g/mL, organic acid content 7-13%, content of phenolic compounds 8-12%.
Bamboo vinegar, wood vinegar are hydrophilic solution, there is stronger absorption, penetrating power, it can be used as plant promoting agent, life
Long promotor, fertilizer-keeping agent, soil conditioner, soil sterilants etc., and nontoxic, harmless, noresidue are a kind of ideal greens
Solvent and green organic manure, nontoxic to people and animals, harmless, noresidue.
Flyash has honeycomb structure, there is good adsorptivity, and microbial inoculum, which is added, can accelerate the fermentation starting time；Fermentation
The small molecule nutriment that mushroom slag decomposites can be adsorbed in the process, organically combined, changed by fermentation process and mushroom slag
The quality of kind fermentation mushroom slag, keeps fermentation mushroom slag softer, is not easy pyknosis.Because mushroom slag raw material and flyash are all alkalinity, add
Enter pyroligneous liquor or bamboo vinegar adjusts heap body pH value.
Wherein, step B) described in fermenting agent be CGMCC No.10929 containing deposit number aspergillus fumigatus
(Aspergillusfumigatus) liquid bacterial agent of bacterial strain Bfum-5.
The aspergillus fumigatus bacterial strain Bfum-5 that the deposit number is CGMCC No.10929 be application No. is:
201510387616.3；Denomination of invention are as follows: disclosed in the Chinese patent application of one plant of Aspergillus strain Bfum-5 and application thereof
Bacterial strain.
In particular, the content of aspergillus fumigatus bacterial strain Bfum-5 is to contain (2- in every 1mL fermenting agent in the fermenting agent
5)×108It is a.
In particular, living bacteria count >=2 × 10 in the fermenting agent8A/mL, pH value 5.5-8.5.Fermenting agent
In effective viable bacteria contain only aspergillus fumigatus bacterial strain Bfum-5.
Especially, the dosage of the fermenting agent is every 100m3Pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material in add 0.25-0.75m3
Fermenting agent, preferably 0.5m3Fermenting agent；Or add 0.25-0.75L's in the pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material of every 100L
Fermenting agent, the preferably fermenting agent of 0.5L.
Due to being added to inorganic material flyash in fermentation process, the concentration of mushroom slag is diluted, is unfavorable for fermenting, microbial inoculum
Addition can make fermentation more quickly, completely, save the cost；Aspergillus fumigatus bacterial strain Bfum-5 in this fermenting agent is from mushroom slag
It is extracted in fermentation, is the special bacteria agent for mushroom slag fermentation；The crops nocuousness such as harmful bacteria, worm, worm's ovum, grass-seed in windrow are raw
Object inhibits pathogen to breed again by rapid, thorough kill；And fermentation is initial, because fermenting agent of the present invention is added, makes
The beneficial bacteria concentration of heap body improves, and becomes dominant bacteria, accelerates the decomposition of organic matter, improves fermentation rate.
After mushroom slag and flyash compost fermentation, addition pyroligneous liquor adjusts the pH value of heap body；It can be to true under high concentration
Bacterium, bacterium, virus have stronger killing ability and preventive and therapeutic effect, further prevent multiple diseases.
Wherein, the fermenting agent is prepared as follows: the aspergillus fumigatus for being CGMCC No.10929 by deposit number
(Aspergillusfumigatus) bacterial strain Bfum-5 is inoculated in liquid potato (PDA) culture medium, shaken cultivation 36-60h,
To obtain the final product.
In particular, the shaken cultivation temperature is 30-40 DEG C, preferably 35 DEG C；Oscillation rate is 75-150r/min, excellent
It is selected as 100r/min)；Incubation time is preferably 48h.
Especially, aspergillus fumigatus (Aspergillusfumigatus) the bacterial strain Bfum-5 is inoculated in liquid PDA culture
In base in incubation, " GB4789.15-2010 national food safety standard food microbiological examination is mould according to national standards
Bacterium and yeast counts " microorganism aspergillus fumigatus (Aspergillusfumigatus) bacterial strain Bfum-5 in method measurement culture solution
Quantity, until the quantity of aspergillus fumigatus Bfum-5 reaches (2-5) × 10 in culture solution8A/mL.
Especially, liquid potato (PDA) culture medium is formulated as follows:
Culture medium constant temperature at 121 DEG C sterilizes 15 minutes.
In particular, step B) described in when heap temperature reaches 60-65 DEG C, carry out turning processing；It is described to be sprayed to heap body
Water, adjusting heap body moisture content are 50-60%.
Especially, it sprays water during turning to heap body, adjusting heap body moisture content is 50-60%.
Step C) described in pyroligneous liquor pH value be 2.5-3.5, density 0.8-2.0g/mL, organic acid content 7-
13%, content of phenolic compounds 8-12%.
Wherein, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash pH of preparation is 5.5-6.5；In subacidity, dark brown, quality is soft to be easy to
Fragmentary, specific gravity 0.8-1.0g/cm3 is rich in organic matter, salinity 0.5-0.7%, and main function provides nutrient for matrix；It can be with
Improve matrix physical property, improve the integral vent gap of matrix, mitigates matrix bulk density, be the main nutrient composition of matrix, mention
Super matrix water holding capacity promotes the formation of base kibble structure, maintains and improve matrix fertility.
Pyroligneous liquor is a kind of organic fertilizer of green, and nontoxic to people and animals, harmless, noresidue adds the wooden jealous woman after fermentation
Liquid is used to adjust the pH value of heap body；Can there are stronger killing ability and preventive and therapeutic effect under high concentration to fungi, bacterium, virus,
Further prevent multiple diseases.
In particular, further include adjusting fermentation mushroom slag-flyash moisture content for 25-35%, preferably 30%.
Especially, the method for water is added to adjust fermentation using solarization dry fermentation mushroom slag-flyash or into fermentation mushroom slag-flyash
Mushroom slag-flyash moisture content.
Wherein, the humic acid that the turf contains has stronger adsorption capacity, increases the crumb structure of soil, sends out soil
Warm and sunny, geology is loose light, and soil is made to have stronger water imbibition.
The turf content of organic matter is 30% or more, and quality is soft to be easy to fragmentary, specific gravity 0.5-0.7g/cm3, mostly in brown or
Black, pH value are generally 5.5~6.5, react in subacidity, and main function is the physical behavior for improving product, increase product
Aeration, be rich in organic matter, slant acidity adjusts the pH value of matrix, and the humic acid contained has stronger adsorption capacity, increases soil
The crumb structure of earth, so that soil is sent out warm and sunny, geology it is loose light, make soil that there is stronger water imbibition.
Wherein, the pH of the flyash is 6-8；Salinity≤0.03%；Bulk density is 0.6-0.8g/cm3。
In particular, the density of the flyash is 1.2~1.5g/cm3；Bulk density is 0.6~0.8g/cm3；Salinity≤
0.02%；PH is 6-8；Flyash is through high-temp combustion no disease and pests harm.
Flyash has low bulk density (0.6-0.8g/cm3, and the bulk density of soil is average in 1.0-1.5g/cm3), specific surface area
The features such as high, light, therefore it is suitable for roof, pH is between 6-8, and the water imbibition of flyash, the good (80g/ of retentiveness
100g), Water-saving effect is preferable, can play the role of water storage of seeping water；In addition necessary a large amount of containing plant growth in flyash
Nutrient and microelement abundant, such as K, Ca, P, S, Mn, Mo, Se, can guarantee the normal growth of plant, no disease pest
Evil.
Vermiculite is a kind of natural, inorganic, nontoxic minerals, the dilatable mineral under high temperature action.It is a kind of ratio
More rare mineral, belong to silicate.Since vermiculite has the ability of ion exchange, it has great effect to the nutrition of soil.
With chesson, good permeability, the features such as water absorbing force is strong, and temperature change is small, is conducive to the growth of crop, can also reduce fertilizer
Investment.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of plant cultivation media preparation method for roof greening, including following sequence
Progress the step of:
1) preparation fermentation mushroom slag-flyash
Mushroom slag is uniformly mixed with flyash 1A), water and pyroligneous liquor or bamboo vinegar liquid are then added into mixed material, is adjusted mixed
Moisture content >=50% of material is closed, pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material is made；
Fermenting agent 1B) is added into pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material, piles fermentation heap body after mixing, carries out banking up hair
Ferment processing, wherein the temperature and moisture content of monitor fermentation heap body in banking up fermentation treatments；When heap temperature is increased to >=
At 60 DEG C, turning processing is carried out, and when the moisture content of fermentation heap body is less than 50%, sprayed water to heap body, it is aqueous to adjust heap body
Rate >=50%；After heap temperature decreases below 45 DEG C, heap body moisture content is no longer adjusted, until fermentation heap temperature reduction is extremely
Room temperature, fermentation terminate, and mushroom slag-flyash fermenting mixture is made；
Pyroligneous liquor 1C) is added into mushroom slag-flyash fermenting mixture heap body, adjusts its pH value to 5.5-6.5, stirring is equal
Heap placement location 30-45 days again after even, Aging storage is carried out to get fermentation mushroom slag；
2, it matches and stocks up according to following parts by volume
3) raw material turf, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash, flyash, vermiculite are mixed, stirs, mix, mixed material is made；
4) add water to mixed material, stir, be uniformly mixed to get.
Wherein, step 1A) described in the ratio between the volume of mushroom slag and flyash be 70-80: 20-30, preferably 75: 25.
In particular, the amount of the pyroligneous liquor or bamboo vinegar liquid that are added is every 1m3Mushroom slag and flyash mixed material in add
The pyroligneous liquor or bamboo vinegar liquid of 15-25mL.
Especially, the amount of the pyroligneous liquor or bamboo vinegar liquid of addition is every 1m3Mushroom slag and flyash mixed material in add
The pyroligneous liquor or bamboo vinegar liquid of 20mL.
In particular, step A) described in mushroom slag moisture content be 50-65%, preferably 60%；The pH value of the bamboo vinegar liquid is
2-3.2, density 0.9-1.5g/mL, organic acid content 7-11%；Content of phenolic compounds is 6-8%；The pyroligneous liquor
PH value is 2.5-3.5, density 0.8-2.0g/mL, organic acid content 7-13%, content of phenolic compounds 8-12%.
Wherein, the pH of the flyash is 6-8；Salinity≤0.03%；Bulk density is 0.6-0.8g/cmm3。
In particular, the density of the flyash is 1.2~1.5g/cm3；Bulk density is 0.6~0.8g/cm3；Salinity≤
0.02%；PH is 6-8；Flyash is through high-temp combustion no disease and pests harm.
Flyash has low bulk density (0.6-0.8g/cm3, and the bulk density of soil is average in 1.0-1.5g/cm3), specific surface area
The features such as high, light, therefore it is suitable for roof, pH is between 6-8, and the water imbibition of flyash, the good (80g/ of retentiveness
100g), Water-saving effect is preferable, can play the role of water storage of seeping water；In addition necessary a large amount of containing plant growth in flyash
Nutrient and microelement abundant, such as K, Ca, P, S, Mn, Mo, Se, can guarantee the normal growth of plant, no disease pest
Evil.
Wherein, step 1B) described in fermenting agent be CGMCC No.10929 containing deposit number aspergillus fumigatus
(Aspergillusfumigatus) liquid bacterial agent of bacterial strain Bfum-5.
In particular, the content of aspergillus fumigatus bacterial strain Bfum-5 is to contain (2- in every 1mL fermenting agent in the fermenting agent
5)×108It is a.
In particular, living bacteria count >=2 × 10 in the fermenting agent8A/mL, pH value 5.5-8.5.Fermenting agent
In effective viable bacteria contain only aspergillus fumigatus bacterial strain Bfum-5.
Especially, the dosage of the fermenting agent is every 100m3Pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material in add 0.25-0.75m3
Fermenting agent, preferably 0.5m3Fermenting agent；Or add 0.25-0.75L's in the pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material of every 100L
Fermenting agent, the preferably fermenting agent of 0.5L.
In particular, step 1B) described in when heap temperature reaches 60-65 DEG C, carry out turning processing；It is described to be sprayed to heap body
Water, adjusting heap body moisture content are 50-60%.
Especially, it sprays water during turning to heap body, adjusting heap body moisture content is 50-60%.
In particular, step 1C) described in the pH value of pyroligneous liquor be 2.5-3.5, density 0.8-2.0g/mL, organic acid contains
Amount is 7-13%, content of phenolic compounds 8-12%.
In particular, further including step 1D) adjust fermentation mushroom slag-flyash moisture content be 25-35%, preferably 30%.
Wherein, the fermentation mushroom slag-flyash is dark brown, loose crumb structure, bulk density 0.4-0.5/cm3, saturation
Water weight is 0.9-1.0g/cm3, pH value 6.5-8.0, salinity 0.6-0.8%.
In particular, the pH of the fermentation mushroom slag-flyash of preparation is 5.5-6.5；In subacidity, dark brown, quality pine
Soft to be easy to fragmentary, specific gravity 0.8-1.0g/cm3 is rich in organic matter, and salinity 0.5-0.7%, main function provides feeding for matrix
Point；Matrix physical property can be improved, improve the integral vent gap of matrix, mitigate matrix bulk density, be the Major Nutrient of matrix
Ingredient improves matrix water holding capacity, promotes the formation of base kibble structure, maintains and improve matrix fertility.
Wherein, the parts by volume proportion of raw material described in step 2) are as follows:
In particular, the parts by volume of the raw material matches are as follows:
Wherein, step 3) further includes that raw material turf, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash, flyash, vermiculite are crossed 5-7mm sieve first,
Turf powder, fermentation mushroom ground-slag end, flyash powder, vermiculite powder is made, then remixes.
In particular, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash moisture content be 25-35%, preferably 30%.
Wherein, described in step 4) plus water, stirring be in whipping process into mixed material spray water so that mixture
Moisture content >=20% of material.
In particular, add water described in step 4) into mixed material, adjusting mixing water content of matter to 20-30%, preferably
25%.
Another aspect of the invention provides a kind of plant cultivation substrate for roof greening being prepared according to the method described above
Matter.
Plant cultivation media for roof greening of the invention has the advantages that
1, the cultivation matrix physicochemical properties of the method for the present invention preparation are stablized, and pH value is moderate (pH7.0-7.5), conductance
Rate (EC value) is 0.7-0.9mS/cm, bulk density 0.7-0.8g/cm3, total porosity 45-52%, ventilating slit reaches 18-
22%, so that matrix is kept good ventilating permeable and bulk density, increases matrix water-retaining property and porosity, the physico performance of matrix
Index meets the requirement of gardening plant suitable growth, reaches the requirement for meeting soilless cultivation solid matrix suitable for plant culture.
2, the bulk density of cultivation matrix of the invention is 0.7-0.8g/cm3, matrix saturated water bulk density is 1.0-1.1g/cm3, symbol
Close the cultivation matrix bulk density (0.1-0.8g/cm of plant growth3) require, and reached the cultivation base of roof greening plant growth
The requirement bulk density of matter is 0.55-0.9g/cm3；Saturated water bulk density is 1.0-1.3g/cm3Requirement, show cultivation base of the invention
Matter is loose, and permeability is good, and fixing plant performance is good, not only can guarantee the plant non-lodging of plantation, but also can play the work of fixed matrix
With；And load is moderate, will not additionally increase the weight of building carrier, has ensured the safety of building carrier.
3, the total porosity of cultivation matrix prepared by the present invention is 45-52%, and ventilating slit reaches 18-22%, illustrates this
The water resistance of invention matrix is good, reduces the problem frequently watered and cause matrix nutrient loss too fast, reduces moisturizing, supplementary fertilizer etc.
Maintenance cost；Excessive moisture can be discharged in time for the good penetrability of cultivation matrix, reduce plant root impregnate in water when
Between, the soaked toxic action to plant for a long time is reduced, the safety of building carrier is also improved.
4, in roof greening cultivation matrix use process of the invention without sinking and collapse problem, reduce supplement base
Matter, the number for updating matrix or constructing again, reduce the later maintenance difficulty of roof greening,
5, the cultivation matrix nitrogen content of the method for the present invention preparation is 2.11-2.32%, phosphorus content 0.49-0.55%, potassium
Content is 0.43-0.49%, content of organic matter 15-21%, calcium content 2.3-2.5%, content of magnesium 0.8-1.0%, sheet
The matrix nutrition of invention is moderate, will not because nutrition is excessively high cause to grow it is too fast due to threaten building safety and increase later maintenance
Cost will not can guarantee the growth of plant normality because of oligotrophy.
6, preparation method simple process of the invention, easy to operate, product yield is high, and product quality is controllable, the cultivation of preparation
Training matrix meets the requirement of roof greening soilless culture substrate.
7, present invention utilizes trade wastes and agricultural wastes to combine, and (1) solves resource constraint and is becoming tight problem；
(2) noxious waste pollution is reduced；(3) AGRICULTURAL ENERGY resource utilization rate is improved；(4) flyash that the present invention uses is industry
Waste, measure it is big, inexpensive, solve traditional matrices subsidence problems (because job location particularity, matrix sinking will lead to
Later maintenance cost is high or even project failure).
Specific embodiment
The invention will now be further described with reference to specific embodiments, the advantages and features of the present invention will be with description and
It is apparent.But examples are merely exemplary for these, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.Those skilled in the art
Member it should be understood that without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention can details to technical solution of the present invention and form into
Row modifications or substitutions, but these modifications and replacement are fallen within the protection scope of the present invention.
Experimental method used in following embodiments is conventional method unless otherwise specified.
Material as used in the following examples, reagent, equipment, instrument etc., unless otherwise specified, commercially
It arrives.
The raw material flyash of roof greening of the present invention plant cultivation media is the Chengde City, Hebei Province Luanping County township Fu Yingzi,
Luanhe Power Plant all Xi Ying in Chengde store up grey library, and the phosphorus content of flyash is high, are rich in a large amount of active carbon, the raw material that the present invention uses
The pH of flyash is 6-8；Salinity≤0.03%；Bulk density is 0.6-0.8g/cm3.Loss on ignition is 5-8%.Pyroligneous liquor, bamboo vinegar liquid purchase
From Guilin the Nature biomaterial Co., Ltd, the pH value of bamboo vinegar liquid is 2-3.2, density 0.9-1.5g/mL, organic acid content
For 7-11%；Content of phenolic compounds is 6-8%；The pH value of pyroligneous liquor is 2.5-3.5, density 0.8-2.0g/mL, organic acid
Content is 7-13%, content of phenolic compounds 8-12%；
The embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by taking above-mentioned flyash as an example, other pH are 6-8；Salinity≤0.03%；Bulk density is
The flyash of 0.6-0.8g/cm3 is suitable for the present invention.
Embodiment 1 prepares fermenting agent
Aspergillus fumigatus (Aspergillusfumigatus) the bacterial strain Bfum-5 that deposit number is CGMCC No.10929 is connect
Kind is in liquid potato (PDA) culture medium, shaken cultivation (35 DEG C, 100r/min) 48h (usually 36-60h), incubation
According to national standards " GB4789.15-2010 national food safety standard food microbiological examination mould and yeast counts "
Method measures the quantity of microorganism aspergillus fumigatus (Aspergillusfumigatus) bacterial strain Bfum-5 in culture solution, until culture
The quantity of aspergillus fumigatus Bfum-5 reaches 3.5 × 10 in liquid8A/mL (usually (2-5) × 108A/mL).
Liquid PDA culture medium formula:
Culture medium constant temperature at 121 DEG C sterilizes 15 minutes.
The aspergillus fumigatus bacterial strain Bfum-5 that deposit number is CGMCC No.10929 be application No. is: 201510387616.3；
Denomination of invention are as follows: bacterial strain disclosed in the Chinese patent application of one plant of Aspergillus strain Bfum-5 and application thereof.
Microbial fermentation inoculum is in specific embodiment of the invention mode with the quantity of aspergillus fumigatus Bfum-5 in middle culture solution
Reach 3.5 × 108It for a/mL, is illustrated, the quantity of aspergillus fumigatus Bfum-5 such as (2-5) × 10 in other culture solutions8A/
ML is suitable for the present invention.
Embodiment 2
1, preparation fermentation mushroom slag-flyash
To 1A) harvest the residue mushroom ground-slag after edible mushroom it is broken after flyash is added, stir evenly, mushroom slag and flyash
The ratio between volume is 75:25；
Mushroom slag usually selects fresh mushroom slag, including Pleurotus eryngii mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag, oyster mushroom mushroom slag etc., mushroom
The moisture content of slag is 50-65%；
1B) then to mixed material water spray and pyroligneous liquor, the moisture content for adjusting mixed material is 60% (usually 50%-
65%, preferably 50-60%), pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material is made, wherein the amount of the pyroligneous liquor of addition is every 1m3Mushroom slag with
The pyroligneous liquor of 20mL (usually 15-25mL) is added in the mixed material of flyash；
Pyroligneous liquor is sprayed onto mixed material again after being diluted with water, and sprinkling is uniform.
Fermenting agent prepared by embodiment 1 1C) is added into pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material, is stacked in fermentation after mixing
It in slot, carries out banking up fermentation process, and monitors the temperature and moisture content of heap body；Wherein, the dosage of fermenting agent is that every 100L is pre-
Fermenting agent 0.5L is added in fermentation mushroom slag mixture, wherein fermenting agent is the liquid containing aspergillus fumigatus bacterial strain Bfum-5
Solvent, wherein the content of aspergillus fumigatus bacterial strain Bfum-5 is to contain 3.5 × 10 in every 1mL fermenting agent8It is a；Effective viable bacteria is cigarette
(aspergillus fumigatus bacterial strain Bfum-5 is the denomination of invention are as follows: one plant of song application No. is 201510387616.3 to Aspergillus strain Bfum-5
Bacterial strain disclosed in the Chinese patent application of fungal strain Bfum-5 and application thereof), hair is stacked in from pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material
Start to calculate fermentation time in ferment slot, with the progress of fermentation, then heap temperature, which first increases, to be declined, and is banking up fermentation process mistake
Journey carries out turning when heap temperature is increased to 60 DEG C (usually >=60 DEG C, preferably 60-65 DEG C), and when turning sprays water to heap body,
Adjusting heap body moisture content is 60% (usually 50-65%, preferably 50-60%)；In fermentation process, when monitoring that heap body is aqueous
It when amount is less than 50%, sprays water to heap body, adjusting heap body moisture content is 60% (usually 50-65%, preferably 50-60%)；When
After monitoring that heap temperature decreases below 45 DEG C, no longer adjusting heap body moisture content, until fermentation heap temperature reduction is to room temperature,
Fermentation terminates, and mushroom slag-flyash fermenting mixture is made；
Pyroligneous liquor 1D) is added in the mushroom slag-flyash fermenting mixture heap body terminated to fermentation process, adjusts mixture
PH value stirs evenly, is then stacked in fermentation tank again, stack 45 days (usually 30-45 to 6.0 (usually 5.5-6.5)
It), Aging storage is carried out, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash of the invention is made；Mushroom slag-flyash moisture content that ferments is 30% (logical
It is often 25-35%).
The fermenting agent being added in the embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by taking microbial inoculum prepared by embodiment 1 as an example, other cigarettes are bent
The content of fungal strain Bfum-5 is (2-5) × 108The bacteria culture fluid of a/mL is suitable for the present invention.
2, raw material turf, flyash, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash, vermiculite are subjected to screening process respectively, cross sieve pore hole respectively
Diameter is 5mm, 7mm sieve, and turf powder, flyash powder that partial size is 5-7mm, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash powder, leech are made respectively
Stone powder；
3, stock up (× 0.05m according to the following ratio3)
4, raw material turf, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash, flyash, vermiculite are stirred, after mixing evenly, to mixed
Close material in spray water, adjust mixed material water content be 25% (usually >=20%, preferably 20-30%, further it is excellent
Be selected as 25%) to get.
The performance indicator of the plant cultivation media for roof greening of preparation is detected as follows:
Dry density, maximum capillary capacity, total porosity, ventilating slit, water holding hole are measured using core cutter method, specific to survey
It is as follows to determine method:
Taking cultivation matrix manufactured in the present embodiment to fill it up with volume is 200cm3Cutting ring, wherein the weight of cutting ring be W0, cultivation
Matrix and the total weight of cutting ring are W1, then cutting ring and cultivation matrix are impregnated in water, immersion is weighed afterwards for 24 hours, weight W2,
Moisture in cutting ring is re-weighed (W after freely draining3), cutting ring is put into baking oven to cutting ring quality after no longer changing and is weighed
(W4), it calculates as follows:
Dry density (g/cm3)=(w1-w0)/200
Maximum capillary capacity (g/g)=(w3-w1)/(w1-w0)
Total porosity (%)=(w2-w1)/200 × 100%
Ventilating slit (%)=(w2-w3)/200 × 100%
Water holding hole (%)=total porosity-ventilating slit
Water saturation matrix weight (g)=W2-W0
Density of matrix (g/cm3)=(W4-W0)/200
Matrix pH value is measured using pH meter and conductivity meter, EC, TDS, salt angle value, specific assay method is as follows:
It uses solid-to-liquid ratio to mix for the ratio of 1: 10 (W/V) cultivation matrix and water, vibrates centrifugal filtration after 30min, make
With the pH value in pH meter measurement filtrate；Using EC value, TDS, the salt angle value of conductivity meter measurement filtrate.
Respectively according to national standard method GB 7173-1987 " total soil nitrogen measuring method (semimicro Kelvin method) ", GB 9836-
1988 " the full potassium measuring methods of soil ", GB 9837-1988 " total Phosphorus In Soil measuring method ", GB 9834-1988 " soil organism measurement
Method " the measurement cultivation matrix prepared by the present invention for roof greening total nitrogen content, full potassium content, content of tatal phosphorus, organic matter
Content.
The present invention is measured using the length method of agriculture standard NY-T 296-1995 " measurement of soil total calcium, magnesium, sodium "
The content of the calcium of the cultivation matrix for roof greening of preparation, magnesium, sodium,
The performance indicator testing result of cultivation matrix is as shown in table 1,2,3.
Embodiment 3
1, preparation fermentation mushroom slag-flyash
To 1A) harvest the residue mushroom ground-slag after edible mushroom it is broken after mix with flyash, stir evenly, mushroom slag and flyash
The ratio between volume be 75: 25；
1B) then to mixed material water spray and pyroligneous liquor, the moisture content for adjusting mixed material is 60% (usually 50%-
65%, preferably 50-60%), pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material is made, wherein the amount of the pyroligneous liquor of addition is every 1m3Mushroom slag with
The pyroligneous liquor of 20mL (usually 15-25mL) is added in the mixed material of flyash；
Pyroligneous liquor is sprayed onto mixed material again after being diluted with water, and sprinkling is uniform.
Fermenting agent prepared by embodiment 1 1C) is added into pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material, is stacked in fermentation after mixing
It in slot, carries out banking up fermentation process, and monitors the temperature and moisture content of heap body；Wherein, the dosage of fermenting agent is that every 100L is pre-
Fermenting agent 0.5L is added in fermentation mushroom slag mixture, wherein the content of aspergillus fumigatus bacterial strain Bfum-5 is every in fermenting agent
Contain 3.5 × 10 in 1mL fermenting agent8It is a；Living bacteria count is aspergillus fumigatus bacterial strain Bfum-5 (aspergillus fumigatus in fermenting agent
Bacterial strain Bfum-5 is the denomination of invention are as follows: one plant of Aspergillus strain Bfum-5's and application thereof application No. is 201510387616.3
Bacterial strain disclosed in Chinese patent application).
Fermentation time is calculated since being stacked in fermentation tank pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material, with the progress of fermentation, heap body
Temperature first increase then decline, bank up fermentation treatments when heap temperature be increased to 60 DEG C (usually >=60 DEG C, preferably
60-65 DEG C) when, carry out turning, sprayed water when turning to heap body, adjust heap body moisture content be 60% (usually 50-65%, preferably
For 50-60%)；In fermentation process, when monitoring heap body water content less than 50%, sprays water to heap body, adjust heap body moisture content
For 60% (usually 50-65%, preferably 50-60%)；After monitoring that heap temperature decreases below 45 DEG C, no longer adjust
Mushroom slag-flyash fermenting mixture is made until fermentation heap temperature reduction, to room temperature, fermentation terminates in heap body moisture content；
Pyroligneous liquor 1D) is added in the mushroom slag-flyash fermenting mixture heap body terminated to fermentation process, adjusts mixture
PH value stirs evenly, is then stacked in fermentation tank again, stack 40 days (usually 30-45 to 6.0 (usually 5.5-6.5)
It), Aging storage is carried out, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash of the invention is made；Mushroom slag-flyash moisture content that ferments is 30% (logical
It is often 25-35%).
2, raw material turf, flyash, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash, vermiculite are subjected to screening process respectively, cross sieve pore hole respectively
Diameter is 5mm, 7mm sieve, and turf powder, flyash powder that partial size is 5-7mm, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash powder, leech are made respectively
Stone powder；
3, stock up (× 0.05m according to the following ratio3)
4, raw material turf, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash, flyash, vermiculite are stirred, after mixing evenly, to mixed
Close material in spray water, adjust mixed material water content be 25% (usually >=20%, preferably 20-30%, further it is excellent
Be selected as 25%) to get.
The performance indicator testing result of the cultivation matrix for roof greening of preparation is as shown in table 1,2,3.
Embodiment 4
1, preparation fermentation mushroom slag-flyash
It is 1A) same as Example 1.
1B) then to mixed material water spray and pyroligneous liquor, the moisture content for adjusting mixed material is 60% (usually 50%-
65%, preferably 50-60%), pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material is made, wherein the amount of the pyroligneous liquor of addition is every 1m3Mushroom slag with
The pyroligneous liquor of 20mL (usually 15-25mL) is added in the mixed material of flyash；
Pyroligneous liquor is sprayed onto mixed material again after being diluted with water, and sprinkling is uniform.
Fermenting agent prepared by embodiment 1 1C) is added into pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material, is stacked in fermentation after mixing
It in slot, carries out banking up fermentation process, and monitors the temperature and moisture content of heap body；Wherein, the dosage of fermenting agent is that every 100L is pre-
Fermenting agent 0.5L is added in fermentation mushroom slag mixture, wherein the content of aspergillus fumigatus bacterial strain Bfum-5 is every in fermenting agent
Contain 3.5 × 10 in 1mL fermenting agent8It is a；Living bacteria count is aspergillus fumigatus bacterial strain Bfum-5 in fermenting agent.
Fermentation time is calculated since being stacked in fermentation tank pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material, with the progress of fermentation, heap body
Temperature first increase then decline, bank up fermentation treatments when heap temperature be increased to 65 DEG C (usually >=60 DEG C, preferably
60-65 DEG C) when, carry out turning, sprayed water when turning to heap body, adjust heap body moisture content be 60% (usually 50-65%, preferably
For 50-60%)；In fermentation process, when monitoring heap body water content less than 50%, sprays water to heap body, adjust heap body moisture content
For 60% (usually 50-65%, preferably 50-60%)；After monitoring that heap temperature decreases below 45 DEG C, no longer adjust
Mushroom slag-flyash fermenting mixture is made until fermentation heap temperature reduction, to room temperature, fermentation terminates in heap body moisture content；
Pyroligneous liquor 1D) is added in the mushroom slag-flyash fermenting mixture heap body terminated to fermentation process, adjusts mixture
PH value stirs evenly, is then stacked in fermentation tank again, stack 30 days (usually 30-45 to 5.5 (usually 5.5-6.5)
It), Aging storage is carried out, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash of the invention is made；Mushroom slag-flyash moisture content that ferments is 30% (logical
It is often 25-35%).
2, raw material turf, flyash, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash, vermiculite are subjected to screening process respectively, cross sieve pore hole respectively
Diameter is 5mm, 7mm sieve, and turf powder, flyash powder that partial size is 5-7mm, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash powder, leech are made respectively
Stone powder；
3, stock up (× 0.05m according to the following ratio3)
4, raw material turf, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash, flyash, vermiculite are stirred, after mixing evenly, to mixed
Close material in spray water, adjust mixed material water content be 25% (usually >=20%, preferably 20-30%, further it is excellent
Be selected as 25%) to get.
The performance indicator testing result of the cultivation matrix for roof greening of preparation is as shown in table 1,2,3.
Embodiment 5
1, preparation fermentation mushroom slag-flyash
It is 1A) same as Example 1.
1B) to mixed material water spray and bamboo vinegar liquid, the moisture content for adjusting mixed material is 50% (usually 50%-
65%) pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material, is made, wherein the amount of the bamboo vinegar liquid of addition is every 1m3Mushroom slag and flyash mixture
The bamboo vinegar liquid of 20mL (usually 15-25mL) is added in material；
Fermenting agent prepared by embodiment 1 1C) is added into pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material, is stacked in fermentation after mixing
It in slot, carries out banking up fermentation process, and monitors the temperature and moisture content of heap body；Wherein, the dosage of fermenting agent is that every 100L is pre-
Fermenting agent 0.5L is added in fermentation mushroom slag mixture, wherein the content of aspergillus fumigatus bacterial strain Bfum-5 is every in fermenting agent
Contain 3.5 × 10 in 1mL fermenting agent8It is a；Living bacteria count is aspergillus fumigatus bacterial strain Bfum-5 in fermenting agent.
Fermentation time is calculated since being stacked in fermentation tank pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material, with the progress of fermentation, heap body
Temperature first increase then decline, bank up fermentation treatments when heap temperature be increased to 60 DEG C (usually >=60 DEG C, preferably
60-65 DEG C) when, carry out turning, sprayed water when turning to heap body, adjust heap body moisture content be 50% (usually 50-65%, preferably
For 50-60%)；In fermentation process, when monitoring heap body water content less than 50%, sprays water to heap body, adjust heap body moisture content
For 50% (usually 50-65%, preferably 50-60%)；After monitoring that heap temperature decreases below 45 DEG C, no longer adjust
Mushroom slag-flyash fermenting mixture is made until fermentation heap temperature reduction, to room temperature, fermentation terminates in heap body moisture content；
Pyroligneous liquor 1D) is added in the mushroom slag-flyash fermenting mixture heap body terminated to fermentation process, adjusts mixture
PH value stirs evenly, is then stacked in fermentation tank again, stack 45 days (usually 30-45 to 6.0 (usually 5.5-6.5)
It), Aging storage is carried out, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash of the invention is made；Mushroom slag-flyash moisture content that ferments is 25% (logical
It is often 25-35%).
2, raw material turf, flyash, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash, vermiculite are subjected to screening process respectively, cross sieve pore hole respectively
Diameter is 5mm, 7mm sieve, and turf powder, flyash powder that partial size is 5-7mm, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash powder, leech are made respectively
Stone powder；
3, stock up (× 0.05m according to the following ratio3)
4, raw material turf, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash, flyash, vermiculite are stirred, after mixing evenly, to mixed
Close material in spray water, adjust mixed material water content be 25% (usually >=20%, preferably 20-30%, further it is excellent
Be selected as 25%) to get.
The performance indicator testing result of the cultivation matrix for roof greening of preparation is as shown in table 1,2,3.
Embodiment 6
1, preparation fermentation mushroom slag-flyash
To 1A) harvest the residue mushroom ground-slag after edible mushroom it is broken after mix with flyash, stir evenly, mushroom slag and flyash
The ratio between volume be 70: 30；
1B) to mixed material water spray and bamboo vinegar liquid, adjust mixed material moisture content be 65% (usually 50%-65%,
Preferably 50-60%), pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material is made, wherein the amount of the bamboo vinegar liquid of addition is every 1m3Mushroom slag and fine coal
The bamboo vinegar liquid of 20mL (usually 15-25mL) is added in the mixed material of ash；
Fermenting agent prepared by embodiment 1 1C) is added into pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material, is stacked in fermentation after mixing
It in slot, carries out banking up fermentation process, and monitors the temperature and moisture content of heap body；Wherein, the dosage of fermenting agent is that every 100L is pre-
Fermenting agent 0.25L is added in fermentation mushroom slag mixture, wherein the content of aspergillus fumigatus bacterial strain Bfum-5 is every in fermenting agent
Contain 3.5 × 10 in 1mL fermenting agent8It is a；Living bacteria count is aspergillus fumigatus bacterial strain Bfum-5 in fermenting agent.
Fermentation time is calculated since being stacked in fermentation tank pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material, with the progress of fermentation, heap body
Temperature first increase then decline, bank up fermentation treatments when heap temperature be increased to 60 DEG C (usually >=60 DEG C, preferably
60-65 DEG C) when, carry out turning, sprayed water when turning to heap body, adjust heap body moisture content be 65% (usually 50-65%, preferably
For 50-60%)；In fermentation process, when monitoring heap body water content less than 50%, sprays water to heap body, adjust heap body moisture content
For 65% (usually 50-65%, preferably 50-60%)；After monitoring that heap temperature decreases below 45 DEG C, no longer adjust
Mushroom slag-flyash fermenting mixture is made until fermentation heap temperature reduction, to room temperature, fermentation terminates in heap body moisture content；
Pyroligneous liquor 1D) is added in the mushroom slag-flyash fermenting mixture heap body terminated to fermentation process, adjusts mixture
PH value stirs evenly, is then stacked in fermentation tank again, stack 40 days (usually 30-45 to 6.5 (usually 5.5-6.5)
It), Aging storage is carried out, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash of the invention is made；Mushroom slag-flyash moisture content that ferments is 30% (logical
It is often 25-35%).
2, raw material turf, flyash, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash, vermiculite are subjected to screening process respectively, cross sieve pore hole respectively
Diameter is 5mm, 7mm sieve, and turf powder, flyash powder that partial size is 5-7mm, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash powder, leech are made respectively
Stone powder；
3, stock up (× 0.05m according to the following ratio3)
4, raw material turf, mushroom slag, flyash, vermiculite are stirred, after mixing evenly, are sprayed into mixed material
Water, adjust mixed material water content be 20% (usually >=20%, preferably 20-30%, further preferably 25%), i.e.,
?.
The performance indicator testing result of the cultivation matrix for roof greening of preparation is as shown in table 1,2,3.
Embodiment 7
1, preparation fermentation mushroom slag-flyash
To 1A) harvest the residue mushroom ground-slag after edible mushroom it is broken after mix with flyash, stir evenly, mushroom slag and flyash
The ratio between volume be 80: 20；
1B) to mixed material water spray and pyroligneous liquor, adjust mixed material moisture content be 60% (usually 50%-65%,
Preferably 50-60%), pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material is made, wherein the amount of the pyroligneous liquor of addition is every 1m3Mushroom slag and fine coal
The bamboo vinegar liquid of 25mL (usually 15-25mL) is added in the mixed material of ash；
Fermenting agent prepared by embodiment 1 1C) is added into pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material, is stacked in fermentation after mixing
It in slot, carries out banking up fermentation process, and monitors the temperature and moisture content of heap body；Wherein, the dosage of fermenting agent is that every 100L is pre-
Fermenting agent 0.5L is added in fermentation mushroom slag mixture, wherein the content of aspergillus fumigatus bacterial strain Bfum-5 is every in fermenting agent
Contain 3.5 × 10 in 1mL fermenting agent8It is a；Living bacteria count is aspergillus fumigatus bacterial strain Bfum-5 in fermenting agent.
Fermentation time is calculated since being stacked in fermentation tank pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material, with the progress of fermentation, heap body
Temperature first increase then decline, bank up fermentation treatments when heap temperature be increased to 60 DEG C (usually >=60 DEG C, preferably
60-65 DEG C) when, carry out turning, sprayed water when turning to heap body, adjust heap body moisture content be 60% (usually 50-65%, preferably
For 50-60%)；In fermentation process, when monitoring heap body water content less than 50%, sprays water to heap body, adjust heap body moisture content
For 60% (usually 50-65%, preferably 50-60%)；After monitoring that heap temperature decreases below 45 DEG C, no longer adjust
Mushroom slag-flyash fermenting mixture is made until fermentation heap temperature reduction, to room temperature, fermentation terminates in heap body moisture content；
Pyroligneous liquor 1D) is added in the mushroom slag-flyash fermenting mixture heap body terminated to fermentation process, adjusts mixture
PH value stirs evenly, is then stacked in fermentation tank again, stack 45 days (usually 30-45 to 6.0 (usually 5.5-6.5)
It), Aging storage is carried out, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash of the invention is made；Mushroom slag-flyash moisture content that ferments is 30% (logical
It is often 25-35%).
2, raw material turf, flyash, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash, vermiculite are subjected to screening process respectively, cross sieve pore hole respectively
Diameter is 5mm, 7mm sieve, and turf powder, flyash powder that partial size is 5-7mm, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash powder, leech are made respectively
Stone powder；
3, stock up (× 0.05m according to the following ratio3)
4, raw material turf, mushroom slag, flyash, vermiculite are stirred, after mixing evenly, are sprayed into mixed material
Water, adjust mixed material water content be 30% (usually >=20%, preferably 20-30%, further preferably 25%), i.e.,
?.
The performance indicator testing result of the cultivation matrix for roof greening of preparation is as shown in table 1,2,3.
1 matrix basic physical and chemical of table
2 matrix basic physical and chemical of table
3 matrix basic physical and chemical of table
| Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Embodiment 6 | Embodiment 7 | Reference examples 1 | Reference examples 2 | |
| TN (%) | 2.23 | 2.31 | 2.17 | 2.11 | 2.32 | 2.27 | 3.35 | 0.89 |
| TP (%) | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.49 | 0.52 | 0.55 | 0.51 | 0.89 | 0.32 |
| TK (%) | 0.49 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.48 | 0.49 | 0.47 | 0.68 | 0.21 |
| Organic matter (%) | 21 | 17 | 19 | 15 | 19 | 18 | 57.76 | 1.09 |
| Ca (%) | 2.35 | 2.31 | 2.45 | 2.38 | 2.43 | 2.49 | 0.98 | 4.01 |
| Mg (%) | 0.89 | 0.85 | 0.97 | 0.91 | 0.82 | 0.93 | 0.67 | 1.08 |
The testing result of table 1,2,3 shows:
1, the roof greening that the present invention is prepared using trade waste flyash, agricultural wastes mushroom slag as primary raw material
With plant cultivation media, the needs of plant normal growth be both able to satisfy, have taken full advantage of agriculture and forestry, process waste, it is comprehensive
Using resource, that is, reducing production cost again realizes recycling for agricultural resource, is conducive to environmental protection.
2, the bulk density of plant cultivation media of the invention is 0.7-0.8g/cm3, matrix saturated water bulk density is 1.0-1.1g/
cm3, salinity 0.01-0.04%；Meet the bulk density of roof greening matrix lower than 0.9g/cm3, matrix saturated water is lower than 1.3g/ again
cm3Technical requirements, show that roof prepared by the present invention greening cultivation matrix for roof, can both guarantee that plant normally gave birth to
Long needs, and can ensure that the safety of the building using cultivation matrix of the present invention.
3, roof afforesting matrix of the invention is loose, and permeability is good, and fixing plant performance is good, both can guarantee the plant of plantation
Object non-lodging, and fixed matrix can be played the role of；And load is moderate, will not additionally increase the weight of building carrier, ensures
The safety of building carrier；
4, the total porosity of cultivation matrix prepared by the present invention is 45-52%, and ventilating slit reaches 18-22%, shows this
The aeration and good water-retaining property of the roof greening cultivation matrix of invention；
The maximum capillary capacity of matrix of the invention is 100-112g/100g (i.e. every 100g matrix maximum water absorption
100-112g), water saturation matrix weighs to 1.1-1.2g/cm3, illustrate that the water absorbing capacity of cultivation matrix of the invention is strong, protect and store
Property it is good, usual matrix water imbibition of the present invention reaches 80g/100g (i.e. every 100g matrix absorb water 80g), it can effectively retains rain
Water, and the water imbibition of general soil is only capable of reaching 30/100g；The maximum hollow billet draft amount of matrix of the invention reaches 100-
112g/100g can provide sufficient moisture condition, and can subtract with effectively catching rainwater and irrigation water for roof greening plant
Few irrigation times, save water, prevent nutrient loss, streamlining management measure；And water-holding capacity is moderate, does not increase building additionally and carries
The load of body guarantees the safety of building；
5, the performance indicators such as the aeration, water-retaining property of cultivation matrix prepared by the present invention, bulk density meet plant growth substrate
The requirement of matter, and it is solid to meet soilless cultivation all close to even better than existing roof greening matrix for its physicochemical properties
The requirement of body matrix.
6, the range of the pH of cultivation matrix of the invention is 7.0-7.5, and EC value 0.7-0.9mS/cm, optimum is as no soil
Cultivation matrix.The pH value of cultivation matrix prepared by the present invention is in alkalescent, meets the requirement of soilless culture substrate, can be plant
Object provides stable matrix growth environment, to plant nonhazardous effect and adverse effect, does not influence the nutrient balance of cultivation matrix.
7, the cultivation matrix nitrogen content of the method for the present invention preparation is 2.11-2.32%, phosphorus content 0.49-0.55%, potassium
Content is 0.43-0.49%, content of organic matter 15-21%, calcium content 2.3-2.5%, content of magnesium 0.8-1.0%, sheet
The matrix nutrition of invention is moderate, and the content of organic matter is less, is lower than 30%, will not because nutrition is excessively high cause to grow it is too fast due to threaten and build
It builds object safety and increases later maintenance cost, the growth of plant normality will not be can guarantee because of oligotrophy.
Reference examples 1
Traditional matrices (the mushroom bran growing nursery and culture base produced with commercially available Beijing Mountain-spring Condar Ecological technique Co., Ltd
Matter) it is reference examples 1.The performance indicator testing result of traditional matrices is as shown in table 1,2.
Reference examples 2
It is reference examples 2 with commercially available roof greening dedicated substrate (precious green plain matrix, Lingshou County Lv Chen mineral products processing factory).
The performance indicator testing result of roof greening plantation substrate is as shown in table 1,2.
The test of 1 germination percentage of test example
The air-dried cultivation matrix and distilled water of embodiment 2-7 and reference examples 1-2 is extracted for 24 hours in the ratio of 1: 5 (V/V)
Afterwards, qualitative filter paper filters.Matrix leaching liquor 5mL is taken, is added in the 9cm culture dish for being covered with 2 layers of filter paper, is put in each culture dish
Entering 20, pakchoi seed, (Brassica rapa L.Chinensis Group., small morning No. 1, it is good to be purchased from vegetable gardening in Beijing
Kind research and development centre), using distilled water as blank control.It is put into middle carry out germination test in 25 DEG C of constant incubators, cultivates 48h
Observation is taken out afterwards, records germination number, calculates germination percentage.And the root long degree of chitting piece is measured using electronic vernier caliper,
Calculate germination percentage and germination index according to formula: measurement result is shown in Table 4.
Germination percentage (%)=seed mean germination number/seed sum × 100%
Germination index (GI)=(radicle length average value × chitting piece number)/(control radicle length average value × germination
Seed number)
4 matrix germination percentage of table and germination index
| Germination index (GI) | |
| Embodiment 2 | 102 |
| Embodiment 3 | 123 |
| Embodiment 4 | 98 |
| Embodiment 5 | 117 |
| Embodiment 6 | 134 |
| Embodiment 7 | 121 |
| Reference examples 1 | 145 |
| Reference examples 2 | 90 |
The testing result of table 3 shows: not only germination percentage is big for cultivation matrix of the invention, but also germination index reaches 98-
134, illustrate that cultivation matrix of the invention is suitable for being used as soilless culture substrate.With traditional matrices and the dedicated base of commercially available roof greening
Matter compares, and the physicochemical property of plant cultivation media prepared by the present invention meets green plant growth needs, illustrates cultivation of the invention
Matrix is nontoxic, harmless, to green plant growth-gen toxic action, reaches plant normal growth development necessary requirement, is suitable for plant growth,
It can be used for the plantation of roof greening plant.
2 matrix entrapment rainwater of test example and permeability test.
The matrix of the embodiment 2-7 matrix prepared and reference examples 1-2 is respectively charged into PV material case (the long 0.59m of cabinet,
Wide 0.38m, high 0.34m, bottom beat the hole of size equalization in same position, and the geotextiles of size equalization are spread in bottom), matrix
High 15cm.The scene that rains is simulated, upper box part spreads spray irrigation pipe, and spray cans head pressure is adjusted, the water yield in each case is consistent,
It puts container and connects the water not being trapped in bottom portion.After tested, the jet flow amount in every case is in 8.38mm/min/m2, spray in each case
30min is equivalent to extra torrential rain (rainfall 25lmm) in short-term.It records each chest and initially produces water time t1, terminate and produce the water time
T2 and water yield v1；Matrix entrapment amount (v2), infiltration rate (f) are calculated, test result is as shown in table 5, wherein
Matrix entrapment amount v2=sprinkling irrigation amount V- water yield v1
Infiltration rate f=matrix entrapment amount v2/ (cabinet cross-sectional area S* initially produces water time t1)
Above-mentioned test does three groups by the water content difference of matrix altogether, and the water content of first group of all embodiment and reference examples exists
10%, the water content of second group of all embodiment and reference examples is 30%, the water content of third group all embodiments and reference examples
50%.Cultivation matrix is simulated under the conditions of different drought, the ability and infiltration rate of the retention rainwater of matrix when encountering rainfall.
The testing result of table 5 shows that under the conditions of different drought, embodiment 1-6 has good water imbibition, can be fine
Retention rainwater.Embodiment 2-7 has good water imbibition, will not because of matrix itself water content it is low without hygroscopic；From
It is significantly different that experimental result can be seen that the water imbibition of reference examples 1 can have because of the water content of itself difference, when water content is lower than
When 30%, matrix is not hygroscopic, and moisture is directly lost, if may lead to base because plunging rain suddenly in roof greening
Matter is largely lost with rainwater, and later period water seasoning is also difficult；And the water absorption that can be seen that matrix in reference examples 2 is very small,
Water retention property is also poor, and later maintenance needs frequently watering, wastes a large amount of manpower and material resources.Embodiment 1-6 is more suitable for retaining rainwater, delays
The rain pressure caused by sewerage system that plunges is rushed, later maintenance is also time saving and energy saving.
In roof greening cultivation matrix prepared by the present invention, flyash is core matrix, and ferment mushroom slag, turf, pearl
Rock is auxiliary matrix, and flyash is inorganic matrix, is surplus materials of the coal after power plant's full combustion, and being practically free of any has
Machine matter, but containing being provided with most of mineral element of plant growth, and support plant growth, will not because environment it is severe due to
Decompose, the absorption of plant and reduce.And matrix available on the market, mostly using turf as core matrix, turf itself contains abundant
Organic matter, can be released with the growth of plant, organic matter and absorb and generate sinking, roof greening prepared by the present invention
Matrix thus is not easy to sink because of the difference of its ingredient performance and commercially available roof greening matrix.
Traditional matrices bulk density kicks the beam, and plant cannot be fixed and supported well, and using turf as primary raw material, due to turf
It containing a large amount of organic matter, in growing process, is easy to be absorbed by plants and decompose, so as to cause matrix sinking；And from
Right original soil increases the load of building since its bulk density is excessive, and safety reduces, and is unsuitable for roof planting.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of plant cultivation media preparation method for roof greening, characterized in that including first by mushroom slag and flyash
Carry out fermentation process, be made fermentation mushroom slag-flyash, then by raw material flyash, turf, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash, vermiculite and
Water mixes.
2. preparation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that the mushroom slag-flyash fermentation process includes the following steps:
A mushroom slag is uniformly mixed with flyash), water and pyroligneous liquor or bamboo vinegar liquid are then added into mixed material, adjusts mixture
Pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material is made in moisture content >=50% of material；
B fermenting agent) is added into pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material, piles fermentation heap body after mixing, bank up at fermentation
Reason, wherein the temperature and moisture content of monitor fermentation heap body in banking up fermentation treatments；When heap temperature is increased to >=60 DEG C
When, carry out turning processing；And when the moisture content of fermentation heap body is less than 50%, spray water to heap body, adjusting heap body moisture content >=
50%；After heap temperature decreases below 45 DEG C, heap body moisture content is no longer adjusted, up to fermentation heap temperature reduction to room
Temperature, fermentation terminate, and mushroom slag-flyash fermenting mixture is made；
C pyroligneous liquor) is added into mushroom slag-flyash fermenting mixture heap body, adjusts its pH value to 5.5-6.5, after mixing evenly
Heap placement location 30-45 days again carries out Aging storage to get fermentation mushroom slag-flyash.
3. preparation method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that step A) described in mushroom slag moisture content be 50-65%；Step
Rapid B) described in when heap temperature reaches 60-65 DEG C, carry out turning processing；It is described to spray water to heap body, adjust heap body moisture content
For 50-60%.
4. a kind of plant cultivation media preparation method for roof greening, characterized in that include the steps that following sequence carries out:
1) preparation fermentation mushroom slag-flyash
Mushroom slag is uniformly mixed with flyash 1A), water and pyroligneous liquor or bamboo vinegar liquid are then added into mixed material, adjusts mixture
Pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material is made in moisture content >=50% of material；
Fermenting agent 1B) is added into pre fermentation mushroom dregs mixing material, piles fermentation heap body after mixing, bank up at fermentation
Reason, wherein the temperature and moisture content of monitor fermentation heap body in banking up fermentation treatments；When heap temperature is increased to >=60 DEG C
When, turning processing is carried out, and when the moisture content of fermentation heap body is less than 50%, sprayed water to heap body, adjusting heap body moisture content >=
50%；After heap temperature decreases below 45 DEG C, heap body moisture content is no longer adjusted, up to fermentation heap temperature reduction to room
Temperature, fermentation terminate, and mushroom slag-flyash fermenting mixture is made；
Pyroligneous liquor 1C) is added into mushroom slag-flyash fermenting mixture heap body, adjusts its pH value to 5.5-6.5, after mixing evenly
Heap placement location 30-45 days again carries out Aging storage to get fermentation mushroom slag；
2, it matches and stocks up according to following parts by volume
3) raw material turf, fermentation mushroom slag-flyash, flyash, vermiculite are mixed, stirs, mix, mixed material is made；
4) add water to mixed material, stir, be uniformly mixed to get.
5. preparation method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that step 1A) in the ratio between the volume of mushroom slag and flyash be 70-
80:20-30.
6. preparation method as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that further include step 1D) adjust fermentation mushroom slag-flyash contain
Water rate is 25-35%.
7. preparation method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the parts by volume of raw material described in step 2) matches are as follows:
8. preparation method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the parts by volume of the raw material matches are as follows:
9. preparation method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that described in step 4) plus water, stirring mix so that mixture
Expect moisture content >=20%.
10. a kind of plant cultivation media for roof greening, it is characterized in that according to such as any the method system of claim 1-9
It is standby to form.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102627481A (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2012-08-08 | 北京林业大学 | Preparation method of plant cultivation substrate and cultivation substrate prepared by such method |
| CN102823482A (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2012-12-19 | 哈尔滨润禾农业有限公司 | Cold region paddy seedling culture matrix |
| WO2016020312A1 (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2016-02-11 | Institut De Recherche Pour Le Développement (Ird) | Alternative to traditional turf |
| CN105948903A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-09-21 | 灌南县畜牧兽医站 | Mushroom residue-based artificial soil and synthesis method thereof |
-
2018
- 2018-01-30 CN CN201810088360.XA patent/CN110089392A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102627481A (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2012-08-08 | 北京林业大学 | Preparation method of plant cultivation substrate and cultivation substrate prepared by such method |
| CN102823482A (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2012-12-19 | 哈尔滨润禾农业有限公司 | Cold region paddy seedling culture matrix |
| WO2016020312A1 (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2016-02-11 | Institut De Recherche Pour Le Développement (Ird) | Alternative to traditional turf |
| CN105948903A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-09-21 | 灌南县畜牧兽医站 | Mushroom residue-based artificial soil and synthesis method thereof |
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