CN110087464A - 土壤处理 - Google Patents
土壤处理 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110087464A CN110087464A CN201780078220.8A CN201780078220A CN110087464A CN 110087464 A CN110087464 A CN 110087464A CN 201780078220 A CN201780078220 A CN 201780078220A CN 110087464 A CN110087464 A CN 110087464A
- Authority
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- soil
- paa
- composition
- nematode
- peracetic acid
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group; Thio analogues thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M17/00—Apparatus for the destruction of vermin in soil or in foodstuffs
- A01M17/002—Injection of toxic gases or fluids into the soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/0005—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts
- A61L2/0082—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts using chemical substances
- A61L2/0088—Liquid substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/18—Liquid substances or solutions comprising solids or dissolved gases
- A61L2/186—Peroxide solutions
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及用于对抗广谱植物病原体和害虫的土壤消毒的组合物和制剂。更具体地，包含(i)过酸(如过乙酸)和(ii)阴离子表面活性剂(如辛醇聚醚‑9羧酸)的制剂在处理土壤中协同有效，以控制植物寄生线虫和土壤传播的植物病原体(例如细菌、孢子和真菌)。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请根据35U.S.C.§119(e)(1)要求2016年10月18日提交的美国临时申请序列号62/409,525的优先权，其内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于土壤消毒的组合物和方法。所述组合物和方法可用于对抗多种植物病原体(包括线虫、细菌和真菌)。
背景技术
历史上，甲基溴(CH3Br)是世界上使用最广泛和最普遍的熏蒸剂。众所周知，它作为杀线虫剂、杀虫剂、杀真菌剂和除草剂非常有效。甲基溴已被广泛用作土壤熏蒸剂、出口和进口的商品检疫处理、许多作物的杀虫剂以及用于建筑表面的结构熏蒸剂。但是，甲基溴已导致平流层中臭氧层的消耗。根据蒙特利尔议定书，2005年禁止在美国和其他发达国家进口和生产甲基溴。对于发展中国家而言，减少更为渐进，逐步淘汰推迟至2015年。
已经确定多种化合物如1,3-二氯丙烯、氯化苦、威百亩和甲基碘作为甲基溴的替代物。虽然替代化合物不会导致平流层臭氧的消耗，但它们作为土壤熏蒸剂在活性或多功能性方面都具有局限性。它们的效果可能不如甲基溴。它们通常作为两种或更多种单独化合物的混合物或在分期施药中应用以产生更广谱的产物，这导致用户的效率降低和成本增加。此外，与许多替代化合物有关的毒性存在工人接触、作物和其他植物受到化学残留物污染以及环境危害(如地下水污染)的潜在风险。
有机过酸，例如过乙酸(PAA)是有效的生物杀伤剂。它们作为土壤消毒剂的用途有限，部分原因是土壤中相对高浓度的有机物质可能会使过酸失活。
US 5,168,655公开了一种含有过乙酸的水溶液，该过乙酸是通过混合乙酸、过氧化氢、2,6-吡啶二羧酸、十二烷基苯磺酸和水原位制备的。该溶液用于灌溉***，以部分控制水培基质中的细菌、真菌、孢子、酵母和霉菌。US 5,168,655要求所述基质仅含有最少量的有机物质，因为认为过量的有机物质(例如土壤中的有机物质)使过乙酸失活。在US 5,168,655中公开了芳族烷基磺酸，特别是十二烷基苯磺酸在溶液中作为润湿剂。
EP 0035800公开了一种含有过氧化氢和/或具有1-4个碳的过酸的水溶液，其作为土壤处理剂以控制植物病原性有害生物(例如真菌、细菌和线虫)。
发明内容
本发明涉及包含过酸和聚氧乙烯烷基醚羧酸或其盐的含水组合物。所述过酸可以是过乙酸。所述过乙酸可以是含水平衡溶液，其包含过乙酸：过氧化氢的重量比在1:0.01至1:14之间，以及过乙酸：乙酸的重量比在1:0.2至1:19之间。过乙酸浓度可为约3000ppm至约25,000ppm。聚氧乙烯烷基醚羧酸浓度可为约250ppm至约25,000ppm。还提供了通过使农业培养基与包含过酸和聚氧乙烯烷基醚羧酸或其盐的组合物接触来降低农业培养基中病原微生物水平的方法。所述过酸可以是过乙酸。所述病原微生物可以是线虫、细菌或真菌。所述农业培养基可包括土壤、砂或合成生长培养基。可通过喷洒、浇灌、注射、淋洒或灌输使组合物进入农业培养基中从而使农业培养基与组合物接触。在一些实施方案中，所述水溶液以每cm2农业培养基约1.5mL施用。
优选实施方案的详细描述
优选实施方案的这种描述旨在结合附图解读，附图被认为是本发明的整个书面描述的一部分。附图不一定按比例绘制，并且为了清楚和简明起见，本发明的某些特征可能以比例放大或略微示意性的形式示出。在说明书中，相关术语如“水平”、“垂直”、“向上”、“向下”、“顶部”和“底部”及其衍生词(例如，“水平地”、“向下地”、“向上地”等)应被解释为指代根据讨论所描述的或如附图中所示的方向。这些相关术语是为了便于描述，并且通常不旨在要求特定的方向。包括“向内”对“向外”、“纵向”对“横向”等的术语应当适当地相对于另一个或相对于伸长轴或旋转轴或旋转中心来解释。除非另有明确说明，与附接、耦合等有关的术语，如“连接的”和“互连的”，是指其中结构通过介入结构直接或间接地相互固定或连接的关联，以及可移动的或刚性的附接或关联。术语“可操作地连接”是允许相关结构凭借该关联按预期操作的附接、耦合或连接。当仅示出单个机器时，术语“机器”还应被视为包括单独或联合执行一组(或多组)指令以执行本文所讨论的任意一种或多种方法的机器的任意集合。在权利要求中，装置加功能条款(如果使用的话)旨在覆盖由用于执行所述功能的书面描述或附图所明显描述、建议或呈现的结构，不仅包括结构等同物而且包括等同结构。
本发明涉及用于土壤处理以控制植物寄生线虫和土壤传播的植物病原体(例如细菌和真菌)的制剂。所述制剂包括(i)过酸，如过乙酸和(ii)阴离子表面活性剂，如辛醇聚醚-9羧酸。
过乙酸通常以乙酸(AA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)和过乙酸(PAA)的含水平衡混合物的形式使用。取决于所用PAA的具体等级，这些组分的重量比可以变化很大。在PAA等级中，可以使用的是PAA：过氧化氢的重量比在1:0.01至1:14之间以及PAA：乙酸的重量比在1:0.2至1:19之间的那些。可商购的过乙酸溶液包括5％的PAA与22％H2O2和10.5％AA、15％的PAA与10％H2O2和35％AA、15％的PAA与23％H2O2和16％AA、22％的PAA与10％H2O2和35％AA以及35％的PAA与6.5％H2O2和40％AA。
阴离子表面活性剂可以是聚氧乙烯烷基醚羧酸或相关的阴离子表面活性剂，包括例如聚氧乙烯辛基醚羧酸、聚氧乙烯(8)辛基醚羧酸、聚氧乙烯(10)油基醚羧酸、聚氧乙烯(10)月桂基醚羧酸、聚氧乙烯(3)月桂基醚羧酸、聚氧乙烯(5)月桂基醚羧酸、聚氧乙烯(7)月桂基醚羧酸、聚氧乙烯(2)油基醚羧酸、聚氧乙烯(5)油基醚羧酸、聚氧乙烯(9)油基醚羧酸以及钠、钾或其他阳离子形式的上述聚氧乙烯烷基醚羧酸的盐。在一些实施方案中，阴离子表面活性剂是也被称为辛醇聚醚-9羧酸(表示为C9CA)的聚氧乙烯烷基醚羧酸。
因此，本发明的组合物可包括过酸，例如过乙酸，以及阴离子表面活性剂，例如，辛醇聚醚-9羧酸(C9CA)。过酸和阴离子表面活性剂可用水稀释至所需浓度，并在使用时混合。或者，或另外，过酸和阴离子表面活性剂可以组合形成混合物，并且混合物可以在使用前用水稀释。过酸和阴离子表面活性剂可以在使用前混合和储存，或者它们可以组合并直接使用。
本发明的制剂中使用的组合物可进一步包括或不包括螯合剂(sequestriants)，例如吡啶二羧酸和1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸，以及其他成分，例如无机酸催化剂(硫酸、硝酸或磷酸)；以及在溶液中形成混合过酸的短链脂肪酸酯(C6-C12)。
此外，本发明的制剂中使用的组合物可以进一步包括或不包括一种或多种其他氧化剂，其选自由氯过苯甲酸、过庚酸、过辛酸、过癸酸、过甲酸、过柠檬酸、过乙醇酸、过乳酸和过苯甲酸组成的组。
在使用前将组合物稀释到水中，并且可以使用用于液体形式的土壤熏蒸剂的施用技术和设备施用稀释的制剂，例如沟槽施用、***施用、柄(凿)施用，扫掠或叶片施用、浇灌施用和化学灌溉。
本发明的制剂可用于控制植物寄生线虫和土壤传播的细菌和真菌的植物病原体。示例性的植物寄生线虫包括根结线虫，如北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)、南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、象耳豆根结线虫(Meloidogyne enterolobii)和马雅圭根结线虫(Meloidogyne mayaguensis)；胞囊线虫，如大豆胞囊线虫(Heterodera glycines)；马铃薯胞囊线虫(马铃薯白线虫(Globodera pallida)和马铃薯金线虫(G.rostochiensis))和谷类囊胞线虫(禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)和菲利普孢囊线虫(H.filipjevi))；根腐线虫，如(短体线虫属(Pratylenchus spp.)，包括穿刺短体线虫(P.penetrans)、索氏短体线虫(P.thornei)、落选短体线虫(P.neglectus)、玉米短体线虫(P.zeae)、伤残短体线虫(P.vulnus)和咖啡短体线虫(P.coffeae))；以及穿孔线虫(香蕉穿孔线虫(Radopholussimilis))。
示例性土壤细菌包括芽孢杆菌属物种，例如蕈状芽胞杆菌(Bacillus mycoides)。示例性土壤真菌包括曲霉属物种，例如黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)。
提供以下实施例以提供对本发明的进一步说明，但并不意图以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
实施例
实施例1
评估过乙酸制剂的杀线虫活性和杀菌活性。将甲醛用作阳性对照。测试条件如下所述，并且结果总结在表1、2和3中。
测试方法：将含有5％PAA和22％H2O2的过乙酸储备溶液(来自PeroxyChem，LLC的)用于指定的1750ppm PAA的方法。将含有15％PAA和10％H2O2的过乙酸储备溶液(VigorOx SP-15)用于指定的3525ppm PAA的方法。使用甲醛的储备溶液(在10-15％甲醇中为37％)制备1％甲醛水溶液(含约0.3％甲醇)。
将溶液以12kL/ha的施用量用作土壤浇灌。测试培养基为：巴氏杀菌砂50：50壤质砂或巴氏杀菌砂。在三种不同的温室测试分析中评估了PAA的功效：1)使用线虫物种南方根结线虫和北方根结线虫的番茄根结瘿瘤指数分析；2)使用线虫物种南方根结线虫和北方根结线虫的根结线虫卵孵化分析；以及3)使用蕈状芽胞杆菌的土壤细菌水平的分析。
根结线虫卵孵化分析基本上如下进行。从感染的番茄植物的根中收集卵。将卵块置于次氯酸钠溶液中并手动摇动以释放卵。将溶液离心并将卵用蒸馏水洗涤。将卵在黑暗中保存直至实验需要并在收集的同一天使用。实验在装有巴氏杀菌土壤的盆中进行，所述巴氏杀菌土壤接种有大约数千个单个卵并且然后将其用每种处理溶液及对照浇灌。将处理过的土壤覆盖并以下面标明的时间段孵育。在孵育期后，将土壤转移以收集孵化的J2(第二阶段幼体)。在显微镜下观察收集的材料并计数J2的数量。
根结瘿瘤指数分析的结果如表1所示。接种幼苗并培养28天。然后用甲醛或1750ppm PAA处理幼苗27天。收获幼苗并测定瘿瘤数量。瘿瘤指数的范围为0到10，其中0＝没有瘿瘤，10＝严重瘿瘤。瘿瘤指数为3或更低被认为是商业水平对照。如表1中所示，PAA单独以1750ppm PAA的剂量作为土壤浇灌施用于温室中的细胞，仅提供了适度降低的瘿瘤指数，而未达到商业水平对照。
表1.PAA对番茄根结线虫瘿瘤指数的效果
根结线虫卵孵化分析的结果如表2所示。将幼苗接种并在巴氏消毒的Pemberton土壤中培养14天。然后用甲醛、1750ppm PAA或3525ppm PAA处理幼苗13天。从感染的根中提取线虫卵并评估它们的孵化能力。如表2所示，相对于对照，用3525ppm PAA处理土壤导致J2(第二阶段幼体)种群减少51％。相对于未处理的对照，用1750ppm PAA处理土壤并未减少J2种群。相对于未处理的对照，用1％甲醛处理导致减少78％。
表2.PAA制剂对根结线虫卵孵化的效果
如表3所示，还分析了所述制剂减少土壤细菌的能力。用蕈状芽胞杆菌接种土壤，培养5天，然后用甲醛或1750PPA处理4天。从土壤中收集细菌，并基于菌落形成单位评估其水平。如表3所示，用1750ppm的PAA处理土壤导致菌落形成单位(CFU)相对于对照减少47.5％。用1％甲醛处理土壤导致菌落形成单位(CFU)相对于对照减少42.5％。
表3.PAA对土壤细菌的效果
实施例2
评估过乙酸制剂单独或与C9CA组合的杀线虫活性。将甲醛用作阳性对照。
测试方法：将含有15％PAA和10％H2O2的过乙酸储备溶液(VigorOx SP-15)用于指定的3750ppm、5000ppm、7500ppm、10000ppm PAA的方法。辛醇聚醚-9羧酸(C9CA)以5000ppm和10000ppm的浓度使用。使用甲醛储备溶液(在10-15％甲醇中为37％)制备1％甲醛水溶液。最终的甲醇浓度约为0.3％。
将溶液以12kL/ha的施用量用作土壤浇灌。测试培养基为：巴氏杀菌的Pemberton壤质土、砂或巴氏杀菌砂。以使用线虫物种南方根结线虫和北方根结线虫的根结线虫卵孵化分析来评估PAA的功效。
根结线虫卵孵化分析的结果如表4所示。接种幼苗并培养22天，然后单独用不同浓度的PAA、单独用不同浓度的C9CA或用PAA和C9CA的组合处理21天。从感染的根中提取线虫卵并评估它们的孵化能力。
表4.PAA和C9CA对根结线虫卵孵化的效果
注释：接种后22天；处理后21天。
如实施例2中所示，单独的PAA以3500ppm至10000ppm之间的剂量提供了土壤中J2线虫种群的适度减少，这与实施例1中的结果一致。当单独以5000ppm或10000ppm使用时，C9CA提供最小的杀线虫活性。当PAA和C9CA一起使用时，对线虫种群减少的效果显著大于单独任一种药剂的效果。单独的PAA在5000ppm使卵孵化减少20％。单独的C9CA没有减少线虫种群。但是，如通过卵孵化水平测量的，5000ppm的PAA和5000ppm的C9CA的组合导致线虫种群减少40％。在较高浓度的试剂中也注意到这种效果。单独的PAA在10,000ppm使线虫种群减少28％。单独的C9CA在10,000ppm使线虫种群减少10％。但是，10,000ppm的PAA和10,000ppm的C9CA的组合导致线虫种群减少60％，这与观察到的用更有毒的甲醛处理的减少相似。这种协同效应是出乎意料的。
实施例3
评估过乙酸制剂单独或与C9CA组合的杀线虫活性。将蒸馏水用作对照以计算在未处理的土壤中发生的卵孵化的百分比。
测试方法：含有15％PAA和10％H2O2的过乙酸储备溶液(VigorOx SP-15)用于指定的3500ppm和20000ppm PAA的方法。辛醇聚醚-9羧酸(C9CA)以250ppm和10000ppm的浓度使用。
将溶液以1ml/cm2的施用量用作土壤浇灌。测试培养基是巴氏杀菌的砂壤土。以使用线虫物种南方根结线虫和北方根结线虫的根结线虫卵孵化分析来评估PAA的功效。
还评估了在该实施例中用于每组实验的根结线虫卵的生存力。在黑暗中将卵与不同溶液一起在玻璃皿中在25℃孵育。每天在显微镜下观察它们以确认卵是活的并且在孵育18小时/24小时后能够在水中孵化。这些观察证实，用于每组土壤实验的卵是活的。
根结线虫卵孵化分析的结果如表5所示。接种幼苗并培养22天，然后单独用不同浓度的PAA、单独用不同浓度的C9CA或用PAA和C9CA的组合处理21天。从感染的根中提取线虫卵并评估它们的孵化能力。
表5.PAA和C9CA对根结线虫卵孵化的效果
如表5所示，单独使用PAA在20,000ppm进行土壤处理对卵孵化具有抑制作用。单独使用PAA在20,000ppm进行土壤处理将卵孵化减少至蒸馏水处理对照水平的53％。单独使用C9CA进行土壤处理对卵孵化也有适度的抑制作用。单独使用C9CA在250ppm进行土壤处理将卵孵化减少至蒸馏水处理对照水平的66％。与实施例2中所示的结果一致，当PAA和C9CA一起使用时，对线虫种群减少的效果显著大于单独任一种药剂的效果。此外，抑制作用是剂量依赖性的。用3500ppm PAA+250ppm C9CA进行的土壤处理使卵孵化减少至蒸馏水处理对照水平的45％。较高剂量的土壤处理(20000ppm PAA+10000ppm C9CA)将卵孵化的百分比减少至蒸馏水处理对照的仅11％。这种协同效应是出乎意料的。
实施例4
评估过乙酸制剂的杀孢子活性。
测试方法：含有15％PAA和10％H2O2的过乙酸储备溶液(VigorOx SP-15)用于指定的3525ppm PAA的方法。将去离子水用作对照。
将溶液以1.5ml/cm2的施用量用作土壤浇灌。测试培养基是巴氏灭菌的Pemberton土壤。孢子接种物是枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)ATCC 19659。如下计数孢子：对土壤进行巴氏杀菌以除去背景微生物含量。将土壤分配到测试室(test cells)中。将浓缩的枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC 19659孢子悬浮液在Butterfield缓冲液中稀释，并在该测试中用作接种物。为了滴度测定，将接种物在Butterfield缓冲液中稀释并在Petrifilm APC上铺板。为了测试处理后的抗微生物功效，将土壤从室中舀出到无菌塑料离心管中并测量。然后将去离子水加入每个土壤样品中。然后将管盖上盖子，摇动以悬浮土壤，并使用实验室涡旋振荡器以最大速度涡旋。使样品沉降数秒，然后从管中取出2mL流体。将1ml取出的样品于9mLButterfield缓冲液中稀释。将取出的样品的剩余部分在Petrifilm APC上铺板。将稀释的样品进一步连续稀释并在APC上铺板。将所有平板在30±2℃孵育2-5天，然后计数平板上的菌落。
杀孢子分析的结果显示在表6中。如表6所示，在以3525ppm的PAA水平进行短期(1小时)和更长时间(2和7天)处理后，没有重新获得能够产生活菌落的细菌孢子。
表6.PAA的杀孢子效果
实施例5
评估PAA单独或与C9CA组合的杀真菌活性。
测试方法：含有15％PAA和10％H2O2的过乙酸储备溶液(VigorOx SP-15)用于指定的3500ppm和20,000ppm PAA的方法。辛醇聚醚-9羧酸(C9CA)以5000ppm和30,000ppm的浓度使用。
将溶液以1.5ml/cm2的施用量用作土壤浇灌。测试培养基是巴氏灭菌的Pemberton土壤。孢子接种物是黑曲霉ATCC 16404。如下评估组合物的杀真菌活性：对土壤进行巴氏杀菌以除去背景微生物含量。土壤被填充到测试室中。将黑曲霉ATCC 16404在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)平板上于35℃生长5天。通过用Butterfield缓冲液洗涤平板、在无菌组织研磨机中研磨并通过细胞过滤器过滤以除去菌丝和碎片来制备用于测试的培养物。将悬浮液在Butterfield缓冲液中以1:100稀释，并作为接种物加入土壤中。在Petrifilm APC上计数接种物以确定滴度。为了分析处理后的抗微生物效力，将土壤从室中舀出到无菌塑料杯中并称重。使用血清移液管将无菌去离子水加入杯中。然后将塑料杯盖上盖子，摇动以悬浮土壤，并使用实验室涡旋振荡器以最大速度涡旋。使样品沉降数秒，然后从管中取出2mL流体。将1ml取出的样品于9mL Butterfield缓冲液中稀释。将剩余的取出样品在PetrifilmPetrifilm YM上铺板。将稀释的样品进一步连续稀释并在YM上铺板至10-3。将所有平板在35±2℃孵育3-4天，然后计数平板上的菌落。
表7.PAA和C9CA的杀真菌效果
如表7所示，即使在1小时的短处理时间，单独的PAA也提供了大于2的Log10减少。处理24小时后，黑曲霉完全消失。将PAA剂量加倍至7000ppm，即使仅在处理一小时后黑曲霉也完全消除。
根据前述内容，本领域技术人员将理解，尽管为了说明的目的在本文中描述了特定实施例，但是在不脱离本公开内容的精神或范围的情况下可以进行各种修改。因此，前面的详细描述旨在被认为是说明性的而不是限制性的，并且应当理解，以下权利要求，包括所有等同物，旨在特别指出并清楚地要求所要求保护的主题。
Claims (12)
1.一种含水组合物，其包含过酸和聚氧乙烯烷基醚羧酸或其盐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物，其中所述过酸是过乙酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物，其中所述过乙酸是含水平衡溶液，其包含过乙酸：过氧化氢的重量比在1:0.01至1:14之间，以及过乙酸：乙酸的重量比在1:0.2至1:19之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述过乙酸浓度为约3000ppm至约25,000ppm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的组合物，其中所述聚氧乙烯烷基醚羧酸浓度为约250ppm至约25,000ppm。
6.一种降低农业培养基中病原微生物水平的方法，所述方法包括以足以降低农业培养基中微生物水平的浓度和时间将权利要求1所述的含水组合物施用于农业培养基。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述病原微生物选自由线虫、细菌和真菌组成的组。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述线虫选自由根结线虫、胞囊线虫、根腐线虫和穿孔线虫组成的组。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述细菌包括形成细菌的孢子。
10.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述农业培养基包括土壤、砂或合成生长培养基。
11.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中接触步骤包括喷洒、浇灌、注射、淋洒或灌输所述组合物至所述农业培养基中。
12.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述水溶液以每cm2农业培养基约1.5mL施用。
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