CN110085887B - Fuel cell bipolar plate - Google Patents
Fuel cell bipolar plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN110085887B CN110085887B CN201910449808.0A CN201910449808A CN110085887B CN 110085887 B CN110085887 B CN 110085887B CN 201910449808 A CN201910449808 A CN 201910449808A CN 110085887 B CN110085887 B CN 110085887B
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- Prior art keywords
- plate
- circulation channel
- hydrogen
- cooling
- horizontal
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a bipolar plate of a fuel cell, an anode plate, a cathode plate and two cooling plates, wherein the anode plate and one cooling plate are sequentially overlapped and connected from bottom to top, the cathode plate and the other cooling plate are sequentially overlapped and connected from top to bottom, the anode plate, the cathode plate and a membrane electrode clamped between the anode plate and the cathode plate form a fuel cell unit, the upper surface of the anode plate is provided with a hydrogen horizontal circulation channel, the upper surface of the cathode plate is provided with an air horizontal circulation channel, and the upper surface of the cooling plate is provided with a cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel; a plurality of hydrogen vertical circulation channels, air vertical circulation channels and cooling liquid vertical circulation channels are respectively formed on the anode plate, the cathode plate and the cooling plate, the flow resistance of the bipolar plate is small, and the distribution of the temperature field inside the battery can be uniform.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and relates to a bipolar plate of a fuel cell.
Background
At present, with the massive use of fossil fuels, the greenhouse effect has become one of the most urgent environmental problems worldwide, and thus a strong demand for new clean energy technologies has arisen. Fuel cells are receiving increasing attention as a clean energy source. Among various types of fuel cells, a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is one of the most promising, and has advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, low operating temperature, availability of various fuels, no noise, zero emission, and the like.
A PEMFC unit is composed of bipolar plates (anode plate and cathode plate) and Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEA) sandwiched between the bipolar plates sequentially stacked. The MEA is responsible for electrochemical reactions, while the bipolar plates mainly support, collect and separate the fuel and oxidant and direct the reactant to be evenly distributed throughout the electrode while ensuring uniform temperature distribution of the cell during operation and timely discharge of reaction products and waste heat.
The existing research shows that if the flow field of the polar plate is unreasonable in design and has larger flow resistance, the fuel and the oxidant are not supplied uniformly, the water generated by the reaction cannot be discharged timely, the electrochemical reaction can be seriously hindered, and meanwhile, the constant and uniform temperature distribution in the battery is destroyed, so that the performance and the service life of the PEMFC are reduced. Therefore, the flow field design of the polar plate is optimized, so that the flow field of the reactant and the temperature field inside the battery are uniformly distributed, and the method has important significance for ensuring the performance of the PEMFC.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a bipolar plate for a fuel cell which has a low flow resistance and which enables a relatively uniform distribution of the temperature field inside the cell.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the bipolar plate of the fuel cell comprises an anode plate, a cathode plate and two cooling plates, wherein the anode plate and one cooling plate are sequentially overlapped and connected from bottom to top, the cathode plate and the other cooling plate are sequentially overlapped and connected from top to bottom, and the anode plate, the cathode plate and a membrane electrode clamped between the anode plate and the cathode plate form a fuel cell unit;
the upper surface of the anode plate is provided with a hydrogen horizontal circulation channel, the upper surface of the cathode plate is provided with an air horizontal circulation channel, the upper surface of the cooling plate is provided with a cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel, and the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel, the air horizontal circulation channel and the cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel are aligned;
A plurality of hydrogen vertical circulation channels, air vertical circulation channels and cooling liquid vertical circulation channels are respectively arranged on the anode plate, the cathode plate and the cooling plate, and the hydrogen vertical circulation channels on the anode plate are aligned with the hydrogen vertical circulation channels on the cathode plate and the hydrogen vertical circulation channels on the cooling plate; the air vertical circulation channel on the anode plate is aligned with the air vertical circulation channel on the cathode plate and the air vertical circulation channel on the cooling plate; the vertical circulation channel of the cooling liquid on the anode plate is aligned with the vertical circulation channel of the cooling liquid on the cathode plate and the vertical circulation channel of the cooling liquid on the cooling plate;
each hydrogen vertical circulation channel on the anode plate is communicated with a hydrogen horizontal circulation channel, each air vertical circulation channel on the cathode plate is communicated with an air horizontal circulation channel, and each cooling liquid vertical circulation channel on the cooling plate is communicated with a cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel.
The bottom of the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel, the bottom of the air horizontal circulation channel and the bottom of the cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel are all provided with a plurality of bulges.
The cross section of each bulge is one or two of a drop-shaped structure, an S-shaped structure, a Z-shaped structure, an elliptic structure and a semi-elliptic structure.
The axis of the bulge on the cooling plate is perpendicular to the axis of the bulge on the anode plate and the axis of the bulge on the cathode plate.
On the anode plate, each hydrogen vertical flow channel is distributed on the left side and the right side of the hydrogen horizontal flow channel and is respectively positioned at the diagonal position of the hydrogen horizontal flow channel;
each air vertical circulation channel is distributed on the left side and the right side of the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel and is respectively positioned at the opposite angles of the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel;
the cooling liquid vertical flow channels are distributed on the front side and the rear side of the hydrogen horizontal flow channel.
The anode plate, the cathode plate and the cooling plate are all made of graphite, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, titanium-based metal or nickel-based metal.
The hydrogen horizontal circulation channel on the anode plate, the air horizontal circulation channel on the cathode plate and the cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel on the cooling plate are all processed by adopting the processes of lathe, stamping, welding or chemical etching.
The anode plate, the cathode plate and the cooling plate are connected by means of bolting, welding or bonding.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
When the bipolar plate of the fuel cell works specifically, hydrogen, air and cooling liquid flow in the hydrogen vertical circulation channel, the air vertical circulation channel and the cooling liquid vertical circulation channel respectively, wherein the hydrogen enters the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel, the air enters the air horizontal circulation channel, the cooling liquid enters the cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel, the circulation of the hydrogen, the air and the cooling liquid is independently carried out, and the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel, the air horizontal circulation channel and the cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel are aligned, so that the phenomenon of uneven distribution of reactants in the traditional fuel cell is avoided, the diffusion mass transfer of the reactants to the catalyst direction in the flowing process is facilitated, the reaction products such as water and the like can be brought out of the cell in time, adverse effects on electrochemical reaction caused by overhigh humidity in the cell are avoided, and finally, the invention can ensure that the flowing resistance of the reactants is controlled at the lowest level while the flowing and winding of the reactants is improved, and meanwhile, the heat generated by the reaction in the cell can be driven, so that the working temperature of the fuel cell is kept in an optimal temperature range.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a horizontal hydrogen flow channel 8 on an anode plate 1 according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an anode plate 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the horizontal air flow channels 9 on the cathode plate 6 according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the cathode plate 6 according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the horizontal flow channels 10 of the cooling liquid on the cooling plate 7 according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the cooling plate 7 in the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is anode plate, 2 is hydrogen vertical circulation channel, 3 is air vertical circulation channel, 4 is coolant vertical circulation channel, 5 is protruding, 6 is negative plate, 7 is cooling plate, 8 is hydrogen horizontal circulation channel, 9 is air horizontal circulation channel, 10 is coolant horizontal circulation channel.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the bipolar plate anode plate 1, the cathode plate 6 and two cooling plates 7 of the fuel cell according to the present invention, wherein the anode plate 1 and one cooling plate 7 are sequentially overlapped and connected from bottom to top, the cathode plate 6 and the other cooling plate 7 are sequentially overlapped and connected from top to bottom, the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 6 and the membrane electrode sandwiched between the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 6 form a fuel cell unit, and specifically, the anode plate 1, the cathode plate 6 and the cooling plate 7 are connected by means of bolting, welding or bonding.
The upper surface of the anode plate 1 is provided with a hydrogen horizontal circulation channel 8, the upper surface of the cathode plate 6 is provided with an air horizontal circulation channel 9, the upper surface of the cooling plate 7 is provided with a cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel 10, and the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel 8, the air horizontal circulation channel 9 and the cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel 10 are aligned; a plurality of hydrogen vertical circulation channels 2, air vertical circulation channels 3 and cooling liquid vertical circulation channels 4 are respectively arranged on the anode plate 1, the cathode plate 6 and the cooling plate 7, and the hydrogen vertical circulation channels 2 on the anode plate 1 are aligned with the hydrogen vertical circulation channels 2 on the cathode plate 6 and the hydrogen vertical circulation channels 2 on the cooling plate 7; the air vertical circulation channel 3 on the anode plate 1 is aligned with the air vertical circulation channel 3 on the cathode plate 6 and the air vertical circulation channel 3 on the cooling plate 7; the vertical circulation channel 4 of the cooling liquid on the anode plate 1 is aligned with the vertical circulation channel 4 of the cooling liquid on the cathode plate 6 and the vertical circulation channel 4 of the cooling liquid on the cooling plate 7; each hydrogen vertical circulation channel 2 on the anode plate 1 is communicated with a hydrogen horizontal circulation channel 8, each air vertical circulation channel 3 on the cathode plate 6 is communicated with an air horizontal circulation channel 9, and each cooling liquid vertical circulation channel 4 on the cooling plate 7 is communicated with a cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel 10.
The bottom of the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel 8, the bottom of the air horizontal circulation channel 9 and the bottom of the cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel 10 are respectively provided with a plurality of protrusions 5, the cross section of each protrusion 5 is one or two of a water drop-shaped structure, an S-shaped structure, a Z-shaped structure, an elliptic structure and a semi-elliptic structure, the axis of each protrusion 5 on the cooling plate 7 is perpendicular to the axis of each protrusion 5 on the anode plate 1 and the axis of each protrusion 5 on the cathode plate 6, so that the flowing and winding of reactants are improved, and the flowing resistance of the reactants is ensured to be controlled at the minimum level.
Each hydrogen vertical flow channel 2 is distributed on the left side and the right side of the hydrogen horizontal flow channel 8 and is respectively positioned at the opposite angles of the hydrogen horizontal flow channel 8; the air vertical circulation channels 3 are distributed on the left side and the right side of the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel 8 and are respectively positioned at the opposite angles of the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel 8; the cooling liquid vertical flow channels 4 are distributed on the front side and the rear side of the hydrogen horizontal flow channel 8.
The anode plate 1, the cathode plate 6 and the cooling plate 7 are all made of graphite, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, titanium-based metal or nickel-based metal; the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel 8 on the anode plate 1, the air horizontal circulation channel 9 on the cathode plate 6 and the cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel 10 on the cooling plate 7 are all processed by lathe, stamping, welding or chemical etching processes.
When the device specifically works, hydrogen, air and cooling liquid respectively flow in the hydrogen vertical circulation channel 2, the air vertical circulation channel 3 and the cooling liquid vertical circulation channel 4, wherein the hydrogen enters the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel 8 to participate in electrochemical reaction and take away redundant moisture in the anode plate 1; the air enters the air horizontal circulation channel 9 to participate in electrochemical reaction and take away redundant moisture in the cathode plate 6; the coolant enters the coolant horizontal flow channel 10 to carry away the waste heat generated by the battery, so that the operating temperature of the fuel cell is maintained within an optimal temperature interval.
Claims (5)
1. The bipolar plate of the fuel cell is characterized by comprising an anode plate (1), a cathode plate (6) and two cooling plates (7), wherein the anode plate (1) and one cooling plate (7) are sequentially overlapped and connected from bottom to top, the cathode plate (6) and the other cooling plate (7) are sequentially overlapped and connected from top to bottom, and the anode plate (1) and the cathode plate (6) and a membrane electrode clamped between the anode plate (1) and the cathode plate (6) form a fuel cell unit;
The upper surface of the anode plate (1) is provided with a hydrogen horizontal circulation channel (8), the upper surface of the cathode plate (6) is provided with an air horizontal circulation channel (9), the upper surface of the cooling plate (7) is provided with a cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel (10), and the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel (8), the air horizontal circulation channel (9) and the cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel (10) are aligned;
A plurality of hydrogen vertical circulation channels (2), air vertical circulation channels (3) and cooling liquid vertical circulation channels (4) are respectively arranged on the anode plate (1), the cathode plate (6) and the cooling plate (7), and the hydrogen vertical circulation channels (2) on the anode plate (1) are aligned with the hydrogen vertical circulation channels (2) on the cathode plate (6) and the hydrogen vertical circulation channels (2) on the cooling plate (7); the air vertical circulation channel (3) on the anode plate (1) is aligned with the air vertical circulation channel (3) on the cathode plate (6) and the air vertical circulation channel (3) on the cooling plate (7); the cooling liquid vertical circulation channel (4) on the anode plate (1) is aligned with the cooling liquid vertical circulation channel (4) on the cathode plate (6) and the cooling liquid vertical circulation channel (4) on the cooling plate (7);
each hydrogen vertical circulation channel (2) on the anode plate (1) is communicated with a hydrogen horizontal circulation channel (8), each air vertical circulation channel (3) on the cathode plate (6) is communicated with an air horizontal circulation channel (9), and each cooling liquid vertical circulation channel (4) on the cooling plate (7) is communicated with a cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel (10);
the bottom of the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel (8), the bottom of the air horizontal circulation channel (9) and the bottom of the cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel (10) are provided with a plurality of bulges (5);
the cross section of each bulge (5) is one or two of a drop-shaped structure, an S-shaped structure, a Z-shaped structure, an elliptic structure and a semi-elliptic structure;
The axis of the bulge (5) on the cooling plate (7) is perpendicular to the axis of the bulge (5) on the anode plate (1) and the axis of the bulge (5) on the cathode plate (6).
2. The fuel cell bipolar plate according to claim 1, wherein on the anode plate (1), each hydrogen vertical flow channel (2) is distributed on the left and right sides of the hydrogen horizontal flow channel (8) and is located at a position diagonally opposite to the hydrogen horizontal flow channel (8), respectively;
The air vertical circulation channels (3) are distributed on the left side and the right side of the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel (8) and are respectively positioned at the diagonal positions of the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel (8);
the cooling liquid vertical flow channels (4) are distributed on the front side and the rear side of the hydrogen horizontal flow channel (8).
3. The bipolar plate for the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the anode plate (1), the cathode plate (6) and the cooling plate (7) are all made of graphite, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, titanium-based metal or nickel-based metal.
4. The fuel cell bipolar plate according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen horizontal flow channels (8) on the anode plate (1), the air horizontal flow channels (9) on the cathode plate (6) and the coolant horizontal flow channels (10) on the cooling plate (7) are all machined by lathe, stamping, welding or chemical etching processes.
5. The fuel cell bipolar plate according to claim 1, wherein the anode plate (1), the cathode plate (6) and the cooling plate (7) are connected by bolting, welding or bonding.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201910449808.0A CN110085887B (en) | 2019-05-28 | 2019-05-28 | Fuel cell bipolar plate |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201910449808.0A CN110085887B (en) | 2019-05-28 | 2019-05-28 | Fuel cell bipolar plate |
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CN110085887A CN110085887A (en) | 2019-08-02 |
CN110085887B true CN110085887B (en) | 2024-06-18 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112242534B (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2022-03-18 | 未势能源科技有限公司 | Bipolar plate structure for fuel cell, fuel cell and fuel cell vehicle |
CN110474065A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-11-19 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Fuel battery pole board, bipolar plates and hydrogen fuel cell |
CN114464835A (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-05-10 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Water drop-shaped bipolar plate and application thereof |
WO2024054505A2 (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2024-03-14 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Bipolar flow field plate for fuel cells |
Citations (1)
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CN209804807U (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-12-17 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Bipolar plate of fuel cell |
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US5972530A (en) * | 1998-01-13 | 1999-10-26 | Electrochem, Inc. | Air-cooled, hydrogen-air fuel cell |
CN108832154A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-11-16 | 李荣旭 | Dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
CN109473681B (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2024-04-26 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Fuel cell bipolar plate with intermittent structure |
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CN209804807U (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-12-17 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Bipolar plate of fuel cell |
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