CN110085887B - Fuel cell bipolar plate - Google Patents

Fuel cell bipolar plate Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110085887B
CN110085887B CN201910449808.0A CN201910449808A CN110085887B CN 110085887 B CN110085887 B CN 110085887B CN 201910449808 A CN201910449808 A CN 201910449808A CN 110085887 B CN110085887 B CN 110085887B
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plate
circulation channel
hydrogen
cooling
horizontal
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CN110085887A (en
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吴帅帅
杨玉
张磊
高炜
李红智
张一帆
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02Details
    • H01M8/0202Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02Details
    • H01M8/0202Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0267Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a bipolar plate of a fuel cell, an anode plate, a cathode plate and two cooling plates, wherein the anode plate and one cooling plate are sequentially overlapped and connected from bottom to top, the cathode plate and the other cooling plate are sequentially overlapped and connected from top to bottom, the anode plate, the cathode plate and a membrane electrode clamped between the anode plate and the cathode plate form a fuel cell unit, the upper surface of the anode plate is provided with a hydrogen horizontal circulation channel, the upper surface of the cathode plate is provided with an air horizontal circulation channel, and the upper surface of the cooling plate is provided with a cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel; a plurality of hydrogen vertical circulation channels, air vertical circulation channels and cooling liquid vertical circulation channels are respectively formed on the anode plate, the cathode plate and the cooling plate, the flow resistance of the bipolar plate is small, and the distribution of the temperature field inside the battery can be uniform.

Description

Fuel cell bipolar plate
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and relates to a bipolar plate of a fuel cell.
Background
At present, with the massive use of fossil fuels, the greenhouse effect has become one of the most urgent environmental problems worldwide, and thus a strong demand for new clean energy technologies has arisen. Fuel cells are receiving increasing attention as a clean energy source. Among various types of fuel cells, a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is one of the most promising, and has advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, low operating temperature, availability of various fuels, no noise, zero emission, and the like.
A PEMFC unit is composed of bipolar plates (anode plate and cathode plate) and Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEA) sandwiched between the bipolar plates sequentially stacked. The MEA is responsible for electrochemical reactions, while the bipolar plates mainly support, collect and separate the fuel and oxidant and direct the reactant to be evenly distributed throughout the electrode while ensuring uniform temperature distribution of the cell during operation and timely discharge of reaction products and waste heat.
The existing research shows that if the flow field of the polar plate is unreasonable in design and has larger flow resistance, the fuel and the oxidant are not supplied uniformly, the water generated by the reaction cannot be discharged timely, the electrochemical reaction can be seriously hindered, and meanwhile, the constant and uniform temperature distribution in the battery is destroyed, so that the performance and the service life of the PEMFC are reduced. Therefore, the flow field design of the polar plate is optimized, so that the flow field of the reactant and the temperature field inside the battery are uniformly distributed, and the method has important significance for ensuring the performance of the PEMFC.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a bipolar plate for a fuel cell which has a low flow resistance and which enables a relatively uniform distribution of the temperature field inside the cell.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the bipolar plate of the fuel cell comprises an anode plate, a cathode plate and two cooling plates, wherein the anode plate and one cooling plate are sequentially overlapped and connected from bottom to top, the cathode plate and the other cooling plate are sequentially overlapped and connected from top to bottom, and the anode plate, the cathode plate and a membrane electrode clamped between the anode plate and the cathode plate form a fuel cell unit;
the upper surface of the anode plate is provided with a hydrogen horizontal circulation channel, the upper surface of the cathode plate is provided with an air horizontal circulation channel, the upper surface of the cooling plate is provided with a cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel, and the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel, the air horizontal circulation channel and the cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel are aligned;
A plurality of hydrogen vertical circulation channels, air vertical circulation channels and cooling liquid vertical circulation channels are respectively arranged on the anode plate, the cathode plate and the cooling plate, and the hydrogen vertical circulation channels on the anode plate are aligned with the hydrogen vertical circulation channels on the cathode plate and the hydrogen vertical circulation channels on the cooling plate; the air vertical circulation channel on the anode plate is aligned with the air vertical circulation channel on the cathode plate and the air vertical circulation channel on the cooling plate; the vertical circulation channel of the cooling liquid on the anode plate is aligned with the vertical circulation channel of the cooling liquid on the cathode plate and the vertical circulation channel of the cooling liquid on the cooling plate;
each hydrogen vertical circulation channel on the anode plate is communicated with a hydrogen horizontal circulation channel, each air vertical circulation channel on the cathode plate is communicated with an air horizontal circulation channel, and each cooling liquid vertical circulation channel on the cooling plate is communicated with a cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel.
The bottom of the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel, the bottom of the air horizontal circulation channel and the bottom of the cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel are all provided with a plurality of bulges.
The cross section of each bulge is one or two of a drop-shaped structure, an S-shaped structure, a Z-shaped structure, an elliptic structure and a semi-elliptic structure.
The axis of the bulge on the cooling plate is perpendicular to the axis of the bulge on the anode plate and the axis of the bulge on the cathode plate.
On the anode plate, each hydrogen vertical flow channel is distributed on the left side and the right side of the hydrogen horizontal flow channel and is respectively positioned at the diagonal position of the hydrogen horizontal flow channel;
each air vertical circulation channel is distributed on the left side and the right side of the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel and is respectively positioned at the opposite angles of the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel;
the cooling liquid vertical flow channels are distributed on the front side and the rear side of the hydrogen horizontal flow channel.
The anode plate, the cathode plate and the cooling plate are all made of graphite, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, titanium-based metal or nickel-based metal.
The hydrogen horizontal circulation channel on the anode plate, the air horizontal circulation channel on the cathode plate and the cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel on the cooling plate are all processed by adopting the processes of lathe, stamping, welding or chemical etching.
The anode plate, the cathode plate and the cooling plate are connected by means of bolting, welding or bonding.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
When the bipolar plate of the fuel cell works specifically, hydrogen, air and cooling liquid flow in the hydrogen vertical circulation channel, the air vertical circulation channel and the cooling liquid vertical circulation channel respectively, wherein the hydrogen enters the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel, the air enters the air horizontal circulation channel, the cooling liquid enters the cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel, the circulation of the hydrogen, the air and the cooling liquid is independently carried out, and the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel, the air horizontal circulation channel and the cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel are aligned, so that the phenomenon of uneven distribution of reactants in the traditional fuel cell is avoided, the diffusion mass transfer of the reactants to the catalyst direction in the flowing process is facilitated, the reaction products such as water and the like can be brought out of the cell in time, adverse effects on electrochemical reaction caused by overhigh humidity in the cell are avoided, and finally, the invention can ensure that the flowing resistance of the reactants is controlled at the lowest level while the flowing and winding of the reactants is improved, and meanwhile, the heat generated by the reaction in the cell can be driven, so that the working temperature of the fuel cell is kept in an optimal temperature range.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a horizontal hydrogen flow channel 8 on an anode plate 1 according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an anode plate 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the horizontal air flow channels 9 on the cathode plate 6 according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the cathode plate 6 according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the horizontal flow channels 10 of the cooling liquid on the cooling plate 7 according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the cooling plate 7 in the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is anode plate, 2 is hydrogen vertical circulation channel, 3 is air vertical circulation channel, 4 is coolant vertical circulation channel, 5 is protruding, 6 is negative plate, 7 is cooling plate, 8 is hydrogen horizontal circulation channel, 9 is air horizontal circulation channel, 10 is coolant horizontal circulation channel.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the bipolar plate anode plate 1, the cathode plate 6 and two cooling plates 7 of the fuel cell according to the present invention, wherein the anode plate 1 and one cooling plate 7 are sequentially overlapped and connected from bottom to top, the cathode plate 6 and the other cooling plate 7 are sequentially overlapped and connected from top to bottom, the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 6 and the membrane electrode sandwiched between the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 6 form a fuel cell unit, and specifically, the anode plate 1, the cathode plate 6 and the cooling plate 7 are connected by means of bolting, welding or bonding.
The upper surface of the anode plate 1 is provided with a hydrogen horizontal circulation channel 8, the upper surface of the cathode plate 6 is provided with an air horizontal circulation channel 9, the upper surface of the cooling plate 7 is provided with a cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel 10, and the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel 8, the air horizontal circulation channel 9 and the cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel 10 are aligned; a plurality of hydrogen vertical circulation channels 2, air vertical circulation channels 3 and cooling liquid vertical circulation channels 4 are respectively arranged on the anode plate 1, the cathode plate 6 and the cooling plate 7, and the hydrogen vertical circulation channels 2 on the anode plate 1 are aligned with the hydrogen vertical circulation channels 2 on the cathode plate 6 and the hydrogen vertical circulation channels 2 on the cooling plate 7; the air vertical circulation channel 3 on the anode plate 1 is aligned with the air vertical circulation channel 3 on the cathode plate 6 and the air vertical circulation channel 3 on the cooling plate 7; the vertical circulation channel 4 of the cooling liquid on the anode plate 1 is aligned with the vertical circulation channel 4 of the cooling liquid on the cathode plate 6 and the vertical circulation channel 4 of the cooling liquid on the cooling plate 7; each hydrogen vertical circulation channel 2 on the anode plate 1 is communicated with a hydrogen horizontal circulation channel 8, each air vertical circulation channel 3 on the cathode plate 6 is communicated with an air horizontal circulation channel 9, and each cooling liquid vertical circulation channel 4 on the cooling plate 7 is communicated with a cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel 10.
The bottom of the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel 8, the bottom of the air horizontal circulation channel 9 and the bottom of the cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel 10 are respectively provided with a plurality of protrusions 5, the cross section of each protrusion 5 is one or two of a water drop-shaped structure, an S-shaped structure, a Z-shaped structure, an elliptic structure and a semi-elliptic structure, the axis of each protrusion 5 on the cooling plate 7 is perpendicular to the axis of each protrusion 5 on the anode plate 1 and the axis of each protrusion 5 on the cathode plate 6, so that the flowing and winding of reactants are improved, and the flowing resistance of the reactants is ensured to be controlled at the minimum level.
Each hydrogen vertical flow channel 2 is distributed on the left side and the right side of the hydrogen horizontal flow channel 8 and is respectively positioned at the opposite angles of the hydrogen horizontal flow channel 8; the air vertical circulation channels 3 are distributed on the left side and the right side of the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel 8 and are respectively positioned at the opposite angles of the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel 8; the cooling liquid vertical flow channels 4 are distributed on the front side and the rear side of the hydrogen horizontal flow channel 8.
The anode plate 1, the cathode plate 6 and the cooling plate 7 are all made of graphite, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, titanium-based metal or nickel-based metal; the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel 8 on the anode plate 1, the air horizontal circulation channel 9 on the cathode plate 6 and the cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel 10 on the cooling plate 7 are all processed by lathe, stamping, welding or chemical etching processes.
When the device specifically works, hydrogen, air and cooling liquid respectively flow in the hydrogen vertical circulation channel 2, the air vertical circulation channel 3 and the cooling liquid vertical circulation channel 4, wherein the hydrogen enters the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel 8 to participate in electrochemical reaction and take away redundant moisture in the anode plate 1; the air enters the air horizontal circulation channel 9 to participate in electrochemical reaction and take away redundant moisture in the cathode plate 6; the coolant enters the coolant horizontal flow channel 10 to carry away the waste heat generated by the battery, so that the operating temperature of the fuel cell is maintained within an optimal temperature interval.

Claims (5)

1. The bipolar plate of the fuel cell is characterized by comprising an anode plate (1), a cathode plate (6) and two cooling plates (7), wherein the anode plate (1) and one cooling plate (7) are sequentially overlapped and connected from bottom to top, the cathode plate (6) and the other cooling plate (7) are sequentially overlapped and connected from top to bottom, and the anode plate (1) and the cathode plate (6) and a membrane electrode clamped between the anode plate (1) and the cathode plate (6) form a fuel cell unit;
The upper surface of the anode plate (1) is provided with a hydrogen horizontal circulation channel (8), the upper surface of the cathode plate (6) is provided with an air horizontal circulation channel (9), the upper surface of the cooling plate (7) is provided with a cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel (10), and the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel (8), the air horizontal circulation channel (9) and the cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel (10) are aligned;
A plurality of hydrogen vertical circulation channels (2), air vertical circulation channels (3) and cooling liquid vertical circulation channels (4) are respectively arranged on the anode plate (1), the cathode plate (6) and the cooling plate (7), and the hydrogen vertical circulation channels (2) on the anode plate (1) are aligned with the hydrogen vertical circulation channels (2) on the cathode plate (6) and the hydrogen vertical circulation channels (2) on the cooling plate (7); the air vertical circulation channel (3) on the anode plate (1) is aligned with the air vertical circulation channel (3) on the cathode plate (6) and the air vertical circulation channel (3) on the cooling plate (7); the cooling liquid vertical circulation channel (4) on the anode plate (1) is aligned with the cooling liquid vertical circulation channel (4) on the cathode plate (6) and the cooling liquid vertical circulation channel (4) on the cooling plate (7);
each hydrogen vertical circulation channel (2) on the anode plate (1) is communicated with a hydrogen horizontal circulation channel (8), each air vertical circulation channel (3) on the cathode plate (6) is communicated with an air horizontal circulation channel (9), and each cooling liquid vertical circulation channel (4) on the cooling plate (7) is communicated with a cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel (10);
the bottom of the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel (8), the bottom of the air horizontal circulation channel (9) and the bottom of the cooling liquid horizontal circulation channel (10) are provided with a plurality of bulges (5);
the cross section of each bulge (5) is one or two of a drop-shaped structure, an S-shaped structure, a Z-shaped structure, an elliptic structure and a semi-elliptic structure;
The axis of the bulge (5) on the cooling plate (7) is perpendicular to the axis of the bulge (5) on the anode plate (1) and the axis of the bulge (5) on the cathode plate (6).
2. The fuel cell bipolar plate according to claim 1, wherein on the anode plate (1), each hydrogen vertical flow channel (2) is distributed on the left and right sides of the hydrogen horizontal flow channel (8) and is located at a position diagonally opposite to the hydrogen horizontal flow channel (8), respectively;
The air vertical circulation channels (3) are distributed on the left side and the right side of the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel (8) and are respectively positioned at the diagonal positions of the hydrogen horizontal circulation channel (8);
the cooling liquid vertical flow channels (4) are distributed on the front side and the rear side of the hydrogen horizontal flow channel (8).
3. The bipolar plate for the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the anode plate (1), the cathode plate (6) and the cooling plate (7) are all made of graphite, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, titanium-based metal or nickel-based metal.
4. The fuel cell bipolar plate according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen horizontal flow channels (8) on the anode plate (1), the air horizontal flow channels (9) on the cathode plate (6) and the coolant horizontal flow channels (10) on the cooling plate (7) are all machined by lathe, stamping, welding or chemical etching processes.
5. The fuel cell bipolar plate according to claim 1, wherein the anode plate (1), the cathode plate (6) and the cooling plate (7) are connected by bolting, welding or bonding.
CN201910449808.0A 2019-05-28 2019-05-28 Fuel cell bipolar plate Active CN110085887B (en)

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CN110085887B true CN110085887B (en) 2024-06-18

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112242534B (en) * 2019-07-16 2022-03-18 未势能源科技有限公司 Bipolar plate structure for fuel cell, fuel cell and fuel cell vehicle
CN110474065A (en) * 2019-08-26 2019-11-19 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Fuel battery pole board, bipolar plates and hydrogen fuel cell
CN114464835A (en) * 2022-02-23 2022-05-10 一汽解放汽车有限公司 Water drop-shaped bipolar plate and application thereof
WO2024054505A2 (en) * 2022-09-07 2024-03-14 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Bipolar flow field plate for fuel cells

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN209804807U (en) * 2019-05-28 2019-12-17 西安热工研究院有限公司 Bipolar plate of fuel cell

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5972530A (en) * 1998-01-13 1999-10-26 Electrochem, Inc. Air-cooled, hydrogen-air fuel cell
CN108832154A (en) * 2018-06-26 2018-11-16 李荣旭 Dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell
CN109473681B (en) * 2018-12-13 2024-04-26 新源动力股份有限公司 Fuel cell bipolar plate with intermittent structure

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN209804807U (en) * 2019-05-28 2019-12-17 西安热工研究院有限公司 Bipolar plate of fuel cell

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