CN110083669B - Complete region extraction method and system for OpenStreetMap city building data - Google Patents

Complete region extraction method and system for OpenStreetMap city building data Download PDF

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CN110083669B
CN110083669B CN201910229029.XA CN201910229029A CN110083669B CN 110083669 B CN110083669 B CN 110083669B CN 201910229029 A CN201910229029 A CN 201910229029A CN 110083669 B CN110083669 B CN 110083669B
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周琪
田远健
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China University of Geosciences
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Abstract

The invention provides a complete region extraction method and a complete region extraction system for OpenStreetMap (OSM) urban building data, wherein the complete region extraction method comprises the following steps: according to the range of the urban built-up area, extracting OSM urban building data falling into the range of the urban built-up area; for each extracted OSM city building data, establishing a buffer area by the radius R with the same size; merging the mutually overlapped buffer areas until the merged buffer areas are not overlapped any more, and calculating the area of each merged buffer area; deleting the merged buffer area with the area smaller than a preset threshold A; and regarding the reserved combined buffer area and the part falling into the range of the urban built-up area as a complete area of the OSM urban building data. Compared with the prior art, the method and the system can extract the complete region of the OSM city building data and have larger area, thereby helping a user to obtain more OSM city building data free of charge.

Description

Complete region extraction method and system for OpenStreetMap city building data
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geographic information science, relates to a complete region extraction method and a complete region extraction system for OpenStreetMap (OSM) urban building data, and particularly relates to a complete region for extracting OSM urban building data based on buffer area analysis.
Background
The open map data OSM is an online map provided and edited by global volunteers. It has the advantages of free acquisition, global coverage, high availability and the like; meanwhile, due to different backgrounds (such as age, profession, academic calendar and the like) of volunteers, the quality of OSM data has a distinct heterogeneity characteristic, that is, the quality of OSM data may be different in different regions. Integrity, namely, the completeness of geospatial data quality in a region, is an important index for evaluating the OSM data quality. How to extract a complete region from the OSM data is the technical problem to be solved by the invention.
Existing methods evaluate OSM data quality primarily by introducing reference data (e.g., from an authority or a business map company). For example, goetz and Zipf (2012), hecht et al (2013) compare OSM in germany with construction data of surveying and mapping agencies to evaluate the quality of OSM construction data, and the method is also applied to evaluate OSM data quality in areas such as the united kingdom (Fram et al.2015), france (Girres and Touya 2010), and the united states (Zielstra et al.2013); since the reference data may not be available due to charging or privacy restrictions, there are also scholars proposing methods to evaluate the quality of OSM data when the reference data is unknown. For example,
Figure BDA0002006139350000011
et al (2014) analyzed the growth rate of OSM historical data of each country or region, and when the value is less than 3%, reflected that OSM data of the corresponding region is close to complete; however, this method is only suitable for macroscopically analyzing OSM data quality over a large area. Zhou (2018) then proposes a method to quantitatively estimate OSM building data integrity by calculating OSM building density. Although the method is suitable for microscopic analysis of the integrity of the OSM building data in an urban area (such as a 1 × 1 km grid), due to the limitation of the size of the grid, the method can extract a smaller area of the complete area, resulting in less OSM building data being available to the user for free.
Therefore, the invention provides a method for extracting a complete region of OSM city building data, which does not depend on reference data, namely when the reference data is unknown, the method can also extract the complete region (with larger area) of the OSM building data, thereby helping a user to obtain more OSM building data free of charge.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and a system for extracting a complete region of openstreet map city building data to solve the technical defects, aiming at the technical problems that the area of the complete region which can be extracted by the current extraction method is small, and the amount of OSM building data which can be freely obtained by a user is small.
A complete region extraction method for OpenStreetMap city building data comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of S1, extracting OSM city building data falling into a city built-up area range according to the city built-up area range;
s2, establishing a buffer area by using the radius R with the same size for each OSM city building data extracted in the step S1;
s3, combining the mutually overlapped buffer areas until the combined buffer areas are not overlapped any more, and calculating the area of each combined buffer area;
s4, deleting the merged buffer area with the area smaller than the preset threshold A in the step S3;
and S5, extracting the part of the merged buffer area reserved in the step S4 and falling into the range of the urban built-up area, and regarding the part as a complete area of the OSM urban building data.
Further, the setting interval of the radius R of the buffer area in the step S2 is 20-30 meters.
Further, the preset threshold a in step S4 is set to 0.2 square kilometer.
A complete region extraction system for OpenStreetMap city building data, comprising:
an extraction module: the system is used for extracting OSM urban building data falling into the urban built-up area range according to the urban built-up area range;
a building module: the data extraction module is used for extracting the OSM city building data from the building data storage module;
a merging module: the buffer areas are used for merging the mutually overlapped buffer areas until the merged buffer areas are not overlapped any more, and the area of each merged buffer area is calculated;
a deletion module: the buffer area used for deleting the merged buffer area with the area smaller than the preset threshold value A;
an extraction module: and extracting the reserved combined buffer area and the part falling into the range of the urban built-up area, and regarding the part as a complete area of the OSM urban building data.
Further, the setting interval of the radius R of the buffer area in the establishing module is 20-30 meters.
Further, a preset threshold a in the deletion module is set to 0.2 kilometer squared.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention provides a method and a system for extracting a complete region of OSM urban building data.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a complete region extraction method for OpenStreetMap city building data of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of reference building data;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of OSM building data;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a building data set-up buffer;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an OSM city building data set-up buffer;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the merged buffers of OSM city building data;
FIG. 7 is a schematic of a complete region of OSM city building data;
FIG. 8 is OSM building data and city built-up area data of Beijing City;
fig. 9 is a complete region of OSM urban building data extracted by the method of the present invention, and the specific parameters are: r =20 meters; a =0.2 square kilometer;
fig. 10 shows the complete region of the OSM urban building data extracted by the method of the present invention, and the specific parameters are: r =30 meters; a =0.2 square kilometer;
FIG. 11 is a complete region of OSM city building data extracted by a conventional method;
FIG. 12 is a comparison of the completeness of the complete region extracted by the method of the present invention and the conventional method.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Generally, urban areas have higher building densities than rural areas; and within a built-up area of a city, the distance between adjacent buildings is usually small (e.g. less than 60 meters) in order to maintain a certain building density. Thus, it is assumed that when the distance between adjacent OSM building data within a certain area is too large, it may be due to the absence of other building data within the area. Conversely, when the distances between adjacent OSM building data in a certain area are all smaller than a certain threshold, it indicates that the OSM building data in the area may be close to complete.
Based on the above assumptions, the present invention provides a method for extracting a complete region of OSM city building data, as shown in fig. 1, including:
s1, extracting OSM city building data falling into the range of a city built-up area according to the obtained OSM building data and the city built-up area data.
And step S2, establishing a buffer area by using the radius (R) with the same size for each OSM city building data extracted in the step S1, wherein the buffer area can be understood as an area of the building data after being expanded or expanded.
The radius R of the buffer area is set to be between 20 and 30 meters, and twice R represents the distance between adjacent buildings in the urban built-up area. If the R value is set too large (e.g., greater than 30 meters), the integrity of the OSM city building data in the buffer may be significantly reduced; if the R value is set too small (e.g., less than 20 meters), the adjacent OSM city building data may not be merged, resulting in a significantly smaller area of the extracted complete region.
S3, merging the buffer areas with the overlapped areas to form a buffer area with a larger range until the merged buffer areas are not overlapped with each other any more; then, the area of each buffer after merging is calculated.
S4, deleting the merged buffer area with the area smaller than the preset threshold A in the step S3;
and S5, extracting the part of the combined buffer area reserved in the S4 and falling into the range of the built city area, and regarding the part as a complete area of the OSM city building data.
The threshold value A is preferably 0.2 square kilometer. If the threshold is set too small (e.g., less than 0.2 square kilometers), the integrity of the OSM city building data in the merged buffer may be significantly reduced; if the threshold is set too large (e.g., greater than 0.2 square kilometers), the area of the complete area of the extracted OSM city building data may be significantly smaller.
Also provided is a complete region extraction system for OpenStreetMap city building data, comprising:
an extraction module: the system is used for extracting OSM urban building data falling into the urban built-up area range according to the urban built-up area range;
a building module: the data extraction module is used for extracting the OSM city building data from the building data storage module;
a merging module: the buffer areas which are mutually overlapped are merged until the merged buffer areas are not overlapped any more, and the area of each merged buffer area is calculated;
a deletion module: the buffer area used for deleting the merged buffer area with the area smaller than the preset threshold value A;
an extraction module: and extracting the reserved combined buffer area and the part falling into the range of the urban built-up area, and regarding the part as a complete area of the OSM urban building data.
The specific implementation steps are as follows:
fig. 2 shows 11 reference building data and city built-up area ranges from the letter a to the letter k in a certain area. FIG. 3 shows OSM building data (numbered: eight for a ', b', f ', g', h ', i', j 'and k') in the corresponding region.
Step S1, extracting OSM city building data (the number is: a ', b ', f ', j ' and k ' in total five) falling into the range of the city built-up area according to the obtained OSM building data and the city built-up area data.
And S2, establishing a buffer area by using the radius (R) with the same size for each OSM city building data extracted in the step S1. The buffer can be understood as the area of the building data after "expansion" or "enlargement" (fig. 4), and fig. 5 is the effect of creating the buffer for the OSM city building data (numbered: a ', b ', f ', j ' and k ') in fig. 3.
And S3, merging the buffer areas with the overlapping areas, and forming a buffer area with a larger range. Until the merged buffer areas are not overlapped with each other any more; then, the area of each buffer after merging is calculated. After the buffers of the OSM city building data in fig. 5 are merged, three merged buffers (i.e., the areas numbered X, Y and Z in fig. 6) are finally obtained.
S4, deleting the merged buffer area with the area smaller than the preset threshold A in the step S3; assuming that the merged buffer area numbered Y in fig. 6 is smaller than the threshold a and the merged buffer areas numbered X and Z are larger than the threshold a, deleting the merged buffer Y; the merged buffers X and Z are retained.
And S5, extracting the part which is reserved in the S4 and falls into the range of the urban built-up area after the combined buffer area is combined, and regarding the part as a complete area of the OSM urban building data. X 'and Z' in fig. 7 are the intersection of the reserved merged buffer and the range of the city built-up area, and the area is considered as the complete area of the OSM city building data.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the invention, the region in four rings of Beijing is taken as an experimental region for verification. Fig. 8 is OSM construction data and city built-up area data within an experimental area. Wherein, OSM building data is freely obtained from a website (download address: http:// download. Geof abrik. De/index. Html); com from a website (http:// globallandcover. Com, 30 meter resolution land cover map of the globe) and considers the acquired category of "man-made surface" as a city built-up area range.
Firstly, the method of the present invention is used to extract the complete region of the OSM city building data in the experimental region, and two sets of parameters (set 1: threshold R =20 m; threshold a =0.2 square kilometer; set 2: threshold R =30 m; threshold a =0.2 square kilometer) are respectively used to perform the experiment, and the extracted complete region of the OSM city building data is respectively shown in fig. 9 and fig. 10.
The complete region of OSM city building data within the experimental region was then extracted using conventional methods (fig. 11). The method comprises the following specific steps: 1. overlapping a regular grid of 1 multiplied by 1 kilometer in the range of a built-up area of a city; 2. respectively calculating the OSM building data density (D) in each grid; 3. extracting grids with the OSM building density of more than 25% (according to the current research conclusion (Zhou 2018): the integrity of OSM city building data in a 1 multiplied by 1 kilometer grid is approximate to 3.4 to 4 times of the OSM city building data density in the grids); 4. and regarding the extracted grid and the part falling into the range of the built-up area of the city as a complete area of the OSM city building data.
Table 1 shows the area values of the complete area of the OSM city building data extracted when different methods are used. As can be seen from table 1: the areas (60.8 and 131.9 square kilometers) of the complete area of the OSM urban building data extracted by the method are far larger than the result (11.6 square kilometers) of the traditional method, and the area of the complete area of the OSM urban building data extracted by the method is larger.
TABLE 1 comparison of area of complete regions of OSM City building data extracted by two methods
Figure BDA0002006139350000061
Fig. 12 is a comparison of the integrity of a complete region of OSM city building data extracted using the method of the present invention and a conventional method. As can be seen from fig. 12, the integrity values (97.1% and 81.0%) of the whole region of the OSM city building data extracted by the method of the present invention are higher than the result (74.1%) of the conventional method, indicating that the integrity of the OSM city building data extracted by the present invention is higher.
In conclusion, the complete region of the OSM urban building data extracted by the method has larger area and higher integrity, so that the effectiveness of the method is verified.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. A complete region extraction method for OpenStreetMap city building data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of S1, extracting OSM city building data falling into a city built-up area range according to the city built-up area range;
s2, establishing a buffer area by using the radius R with the same size for each OSM city building data extracted in the step S1;
s3, combining the mutually overlapped buffer areas until the combined buffer areas are not overlapped any more, and calculating the area of each combined buffer area;
s4, deleting the merged buffer area with the area smaller than the preset threshold A in the step S3;
and S5, extracting the part of the combined buffer area reserved in the step S4 and falling into the range of the built city area, and regarding the part as a complete area of the OSM city building data.
2. The method for extracting the complete area of the OpenStreetMap city building data according to claim 1, wherein a buffer radius R setting interval in the step S2 is 20-30 meters.
3. The method for extracting the complete area of the OpenStreetMap city building data according to claim 1, wherein the preset threshold a in step S4 is set to 0.2 square kilometer.
4. An OpenStreetMap city building data complete region extraction system, comprising:
an extraction module: the system is used for extracting OSM urban building data falling into the urban built-up area range according to the urban built-up area range;
a module is established: the data extraction module is used for extracting the OSM city building data from the building data storage module;
a merging module: the buffer areas are used for merging the mutually overlapped buffer areas until the merged buffer areas are not overlapped any more, and the area of each merged buffer area is calculated;
a deletion module: the buffer area used for deleting the merged buffer area with the area smaller than the preset threshold value A;
an extraction module: and extracting the reserved combined buffer area and the part falling into the range of the urban built-up area, and regarding the part as a complete area of the OSM urban building data.
5. The complete area extraction system for OpenStreetMap city building data according to claim 4, wherein the buffer radius R setting interval in the establishing module is 20-30 meters.
6. The system of claim 4, wherein the preset threshold A in the pruning module is set to 0.2 square kilometers.
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US7576754B1 (en) * 2005-10-27 2009-08-18 Google Inc. System and method for identifying bounds of a geographical area
CN102663800A (en) * 2012-04-26 2012-09-12 北京师范大学 City building complex and rendering method considering city image
CN103824309A (en) * 2014-03-12 2014-05-28 武汉大学 Automatic extracting method of urban built-up area border

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7576754B1 (en) * 2005-10-27 2009-08-18 Google Inc. System and method for identifying bounds of a geographical area
CN102663800A (en) * 2012-04-26 2012-09-12 北京师范大学 City building complex and rendering method considering city image
CN103824309A (en) * 2014-03-12 2014-05-28 武汉大学 Automatic extracting method of urban built-up area border

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