CN110082778B - Coherent wind lidar based on single photon detection - Google Patents
Coherent wind lidar based on single photon detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN110082778B CN110082778B CN201910445623.2A CN201910445623A CN110082778B CN 110082778 B CN110082778 B CN 110082778B CN 201910445623 A CN201910445623 A CN 201910445623A CN 110082778 B CN110082778 B CN 110082778B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single photon detection-based coherent wind lidar, which adopts a coherent detection mode, converts detection frequency from THz magnitude to MHz magnitude through an atmospheric echo signal and local oscillation light beat frequency, digitally samples a radio frequency signal through a single photon detector, simplifies signal processing, and extracts atmospheric wind field information through Fourier transformation of the digital signal. The coherent wind lidar based on single photon detection provided by the invention has the advantages that on one hand, compared with a direct detection mode, the light path is simplified, the system stability is improved, and on the other hand, the difficulty of signal transmission, storage and processing is reduced through single photon detection, and the real-time processing is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind lidar, in particular to a coherent wind lidar based on single photon detection.
Background
Atmospheric wind field remote sensing has wide social benefits and important military applications, and social efficiency includes: numerical weather forecast, atmospheric pollution detection and forecast, meteorology and climatology research, aviation, navigation, highway visibility detection, improvement of wind power generation efficiency, agricultural application (rainfall, frost, high temperature early warning); military applications include: the aircraft carrier works, the environment of the nearby space is guaranteed, the air combat planning and command are performed, the biochemical weapons are released and early-warned, the air drop is precise, and the air is filled. The wind lidar is an effective means for remote sensing of the atmospheric wind field due to the characteristics of high precision, high space-time resolution and long detection distance.
Wind lidar can be classified into a direct detection method and a coherent detection method. The direct detection converts the Doppler frequency change into energy change by adopting a frequency discriminator, such as a Fabry-Perot interferometer, and has the difficulty that the frequency discriminator drifts under the influence of ambient temperature, humidity and pressure, the center frequency of the laser needs to be locked on the steep edge of the frequency discriminator in real time, and the optical path is complex. The coherent detection is characterized in that the atmospheric echo signal and the local oscillation signal are subjected to beat frequency, the detection frequency is changed from THz magnitude to MHz magnitude, the digital signal is sampled by a high-speed analog acquisition card, and frequency shift information is extracted by Fourier transformation, so that the high-speed analog acquisition card sampling brings challenges to real-time data transmission, storage and processing.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical scheme of the invention provides a coherent wind lidar based on single photon detection, which can have the advantages of the existing coherent detection mode and the existing direct detection mode, and avoid the respective difficulties.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a coherent wind lidar based on single photon detection, the coherent wind lidar comprising:
seed laser, beam splitter, acousto-optic modulator, optical fiber amplifier, signal receiving and transmitting assembly, adjustable optical attenuator, filter, 3dB optical fiber beam splitter, single photon detector, acquisition card and computer;
the seed laser emits a single longitudinal mode laser signal to be divided into two paths through the beam splitter, one path of laser signal is used as local oscillation light, the other path of laser signal is used as signal light, pulse light is formed through the acousto-optic modulator and subjected to frequency shift, the pulse light after frequency shift passes through the optical fiber amplifier and then is emitted into the atmosphere through the signal receiving and emitting assembly, an echo signal generated by interaction with the atmosphere is received by the signal receiving and emitting assembly, the echo signal is filtered by the filter and then is input into the other input end of the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter, the 3dB optical fiber is used for mixing the optical signal obtained based on the two input ends with the local oscillation light and the signal light, the mixed optical signal is subjected to beat frequency through the single photon detector, the single photon detector converts the incident optical signal into an acquisition card to acquire an electric signal, and a computer acquires the electric signal acquired by the acquisition card and wind speed information is acquired based on the electric signal.
Preferably, in the above coherent wind lidar, the 3dB optical fiber splitter is configured to split the optical signals input by the input end of the 3dB optical fiber splitter into two optical signals of 50:50, so that after 50% of local oscillation light is coupled with 50% of echo signals, the optical signals are output through one output end of the optical fiber splitter, and after another 50% of local oscillation light is coupled with another 50% of echo signals, the optical signals output by the two output ends of the optical fiber splitter are respectively incident on different detection ports of the single photon detector.
Preferably, in the coherent wind lidar, the signal transceiver component includes:
a transmitting telescope for transmitting pulsed light to the atmosphere;
and the receiving telescope is used for receiving echo signals generated by interaction of the pulse light and the atmosphere.
Preferably, in the coherent wind lidar, the signal transceiver component includes: optical fiber circulator and telescope; the fiber optic circulator has a first port, a second port, and a third port;
the pulse light output by the optical fiber amplifier sequentially passes through the first port, the second port and the telescope, and is emitted into the atmosphere, and echo signals generated by interaction with the atmosphere sequentially pass through the telescope, the second port and the third port and are incident into the filter.
Preferably, in the coherent wind lidar, a center wavelength of the laser signal emitted from the seed laser is 1.5 μm.
Preferably, in the above coherent wind lidar, a center wavelength of the filter is aligned with a center wavelength of a laser signal emitted from the seed laser, so as to filter out sun and sky backgrounds.
Preferably, in the coherent wind lidar, the tunable optical attenuator is configured to attenuate the local oscillation light to a single photon level, so as to prevent saturation of the single photon detector.
Preferably, in the coherent wind lidar, the single photon detector includes: inGaAs single photon detectors, or up-conversion single photon detectors, or superconducting nanowire single photon detectors.
Preferably, in the coherent wind lidar, the acquisition card is a digital acquisition card.
Preferably, in the above coherent wind lidar, the computer is configured to extract frequency information within a set distance based on the electrical signal, so as to obtain a distance gate corresponding to the frequency information, and splice the number of photons collected in the distance gate in a time domain, and then perform fourier transform, so as to obtain the wind speed information.
As can be seen from the above description, the coherent wind lidar based on single photon detection provided by the technical scheme of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
the technical scheme of the invention adopts a coherent detection technology, and compared with a direct detection mode, the optical path is simple, zero frequency calibration by reference light is not needed, the relative position of the central wavelength of the laser and the frequency discriminator is not needed to be locked, the problem that the frequency discriminator is easily influenced by environmental temperature, humidity and pressure is avoided, and the system stability is good.
In addition, the technical scheme of the invention adopts the single photon detector to convert the optical signal into the electric signal, and compared with the traditional coherent laser radar which adopts a high-speed analog acquisition card, the technical scheme of the invention can adopt a digital acquisition card, thereby avoiding the complex system structure of real-time data transmission, storage and processing brought by the high-speed analog acquisition card.
In summary, the coherent wind-finding laser radar based on single photon detection provided by the technical scheme of the invention adopts the mode of beat frequency of local oscillation light and signal light, can convert detection frequency from THz magnitude to MHz magnitude, adopts a single photon detector during optical signal detection, and does not need a traditional balance detector, thereby reducing the difficulty of electric signal transmission, storage and processing.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a coherent wind lidar based on single photon detection according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another coherent wind lidar based on single photon detection according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of a spectrum of a coherent wind lidar according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a coherent wind lidar based on single photon detection according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the coherent wind lidar includes: seed laser 1, beam splitter 2, acousto-optic modulator 3, optical fiber amplifier 4, signal transceiver 6, adjustable optical attenuator 7, filter 8, 3dB optical fiber beam splitter 9, single photon detector 10, acquisition card 11 and computer 12.
The laser signal of the seed laser 1 emitting single longitudinal mode is divided into two paths by the beam splitter 2, one path of laser signal is used as local oscillation light, the local oscillation light is adjusted to the saturated power of the single photon detector 10 by the adjustable attenuator 7, then is input to one input end of the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter 9, the other path of laser signal is used as signal light, pulse light is formed by the acousto-optic modulator 3 and subjected to frequency shift, after passing through the optical fiber amplifier 4, the pulse light after the frequency shift is emitted into the atmosphere by the signal receiving and transmitting assembly 6, echo signals generated by interaction with the atmosphere are received by the signal receiving and transmitting assembly 6, the echo signals are input to the other input end of the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter 9 after being filtered by the filter 8, the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter 9 is used for mixing the light and the signal light based on the other input end, the mixed light signal is subjected to beat frequency by the single photon detector 10, after the incident light signal is converted into an electric signal by the single photon detector 10, the electric signal is acquired by the electric signal acquisition card 11, and the wind speed information is acquired by the wind speed acquisition card based on the local oscillation information is acquired by the computer.
In the coherent wind lidar according to the embodiment of the present invention, the 3dB optical fiber splitter 9 is configured to split the optical signals input by the input end into two optical signals of 50:50, so that after coupling the 50% local oscillation light and the 50% echo signal, the optical signals are output through one output end thereof, and after coupling the other 50% local oscillation light and the other 50% echo signal, the optical signals output by the two output ends thereof are respectively incident on different detection ports of the single photon detector 10.
As shown in fig. 1, the 3dB fiber splitter 9 has two input terminals, a first input terminal and a second input terminal, respectively, and two output terminals, a first output terminal and a second output terminal, respectively. For the 3dB optical fiber splitter 9, a first input end is used for acquiring local oscillation light emitted by the adjustable attenuator 7, and a second input end is used for acquiring echo signals emitted by the filter 8, where the echo signals include information of signal light. Local oscillation light entering the first input end of the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter 9 is equally divided into two parts by the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter 9, and echo signals entering the second input end of the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter 9 are equally divided into two parts by the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter 9. The first output end of the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter 9 outputs an optical signal after coupling 50% of local oscillation light and 50% of echo, and the second output end outputs an optical signal after coupling the other 50% of local oscillation light and the other 50% of echo.
In the manner shown in fig. 1, the signal transceiver module 6 includes: a transmitting telescope 6-1, the transmitting telescope 6-1 being adapted to transmit pulsed light to the atmosphere; a receiving telescope 6-2, the receiving telescope 6-2 is used for receiving echo signals generated by interaction of pulse light and atmosphere.
Optionally, in the coherent wind lidar, a center wavelength of the laser signal emitted by the seed laser 1 is 1.5 μm. The center wavelength of the filter 8 is aligned with the center wavelength of the laser signal emitted by the seed laser 1, so as to filter out the sun and sky background. The optical fiber amplifier 4 is an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier.
The tunable optical attenuator 7 is used to attenuate the local oscillation light to a single photon level to prevent saturation of the single photon detector 10.
The single photon detector 10 is used for converting optical signals into electrical signals at a high speed, and has the advantages of high detection efficiency, low dark count, high count rate (short dead time), and the like, and the single photon detector 10 comprises: inGaAs single photon detectors, or up-conversion single photon detectors, or superconducting nanowire single photon detectors. In the embodiment of the invention, a superconducting nanowire single photon detector is preferably adopted. The acquisition card 12 is a digital acquisition card. The center wavelength of the laser signal emitted by the seed laser 1 is not limited to 1.5 μm, and laser signals with different center wavelengths can be selected based on detection requirements.
In the coherent wind lidar according to the embodiment of the present invention, the computer 12 is configured to extract frequency information within a set distance based on the electrical signal, so as to obtain a distance gate corresponding to the frequency information, and splice the number of photons collected in the distance gate in a time domain, and then perform fourier transform to obtain the wind speed information.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the implementation manner of the signal transceiver module 6 is not limited to the manner shown in fig. 1, but may also be as shown in fig. 2.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another coherent wind lidar based on single photon detection according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is different from the manner shown in fig. 1 in that, in the manner shown in fig. 2, the signal transceiver component 6 includes: an optical fiber circulator 5 and a telescope 6; the fiber circulator 5 has a first port, a second port and a third port; the pulsed light output by the optical fiber amplifier 4 sequentially passes through the first port, the second port and the telescope 6, and is emitted into the atmosphere, and echo signals generated by interaction with the atmosphere sequentially pass through the telescope 6, the second port and the third port and are incident on the filter 8. The mode can realize that signals are received and transmitted only through one telescope through the circulator, two telescopes are not needed, and the system structure is simplified.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a spectrum diagram of a coherent wind lidar according to an embodiment of the present invention, where local oscillation light and an atmospheric echo signal are mixed in a 3dB optical fiber splitter 9, and a radio frequency signal in a time domain thereof is shown in fig. 3 (a), and an envelope in fig. 3 (a) represents a range gate. The time domain signal obtained by acquiring the radio frequency signal in fig. 3 (a) using the single photon detector 10 is shown in fig. 3 (b). The electrical signals collected continuously by the range gate corresponding to the set range are fourier transformed, and the obtained frequency spectrum is obtained by subtracting the frequency shift amount of the acousto-optic modulator 3 from the center of the frequency spectrum as shown in fig. 3 (c).
The coherent wind-finding laser radar provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts a local oscillation light and signal light beat frequency mode to detect wind speed, can convert detection frequency from THz magnitude to MHz magnitude, adopts a single photon detector during detection of optical signals, and does not need a traditional balance detector, thereby reducing the difficulty of electric signal transmission, storage and processing.
The coherent wind lidar provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the technical scheme of the invention adopts a coherent detection technology, and compared with a direct detection mode, the optical path is simple, zero frequency calibration by reference light is not needed, the relative position of the central wavelength of the laser and the frequency discriminator is not needed to be locked, the problem that the frequency discriminator is easily influenced by environmental temperature, humidity and pressure is avoided, and the system stability is good.
In addition, the technical scheme of the invention adopts the single photon detector to convert the optical signal into the electric signal, and compared with the traditional coherent laser radar which adopts a high-speed analog acquisition card, the technical scheme of the invention can adopt a digital acquisition card, thereby avoiding the complex system structure of real-time data transmission, storage and processing brought by the high-speed analog acquisition card.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
It is further noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such article or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in an article or apparatus that comprises such element.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A coherent wind lidar based on single photon detection, the coherent wind lidar comprising:
seed laser, beam splitter, acousto-optic modulator, optical fiber amplifier, signal receiving and transmitting assembly, adjustable optical attenuator, filter, 3dB optical fiber beam splitter, single photon detector, acquisition card and computer;
the seed laser emits a single longitudinal mode laser signal to be divided into two paths through the beam splitter, one path of laser signal is used as local oscillation light, the other path of laser signal is used as signal light, the other path of laser signal is used as pulse light, the pulse light is formed through the acousto-optic modulator and subjected to frequency shift, the pulse light after the frequency shift passes through the optical fiber amplifier and is emitted into the atmosphere through the signal receiving and emitting assembly, an echo signal generated by interaction with the atmosphere is received by the signal receiving and emitting assembly, the echo signal is filtered by the filter and is input into the other input end of the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter, the 3dB optical fiber is used for mixing the optical signal obtained based on the two input ends with the local oscillation light and the signal light, the mixed optical signal is subjected to beat frequency through the single photon detector, the single photon detector converts the incident optical signal into an acquisition card acquisition electric signal, and a computer acquires the electric signal acquired by the acquisition card and wind speed information is acquired based on the electric signal;
the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter is used for dividing optical signals input by the input end of the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter into two beams of optical signals of 50:50, so that after 50% of local oscillation light is coupled with 50% of echo signals, the optical signals are output through one output end of the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter, and after the other 50% of local oscillation light is coupled with the other 50% of echo signals, the optical signals output by the two output ends of the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter are respectively incident into different detection ports of the single photon detector.
2. A coherent wind lidar according to claim 1, wherein the signal transceiver component comprises:
a transmitting telescope for transmitting pulsed light to the atmosphere;
and the receiving telescope is used for receiving echo signals generated by interaction of the pulse light and the atmosphere.
3. A coherent wind lidar according to claim 1, wherein the signal transceiver component comprises: optical fiber circulator and telescope; the fiber optic circulator has a first port, a second port, and a third port;
the pulse light output by the optical fiber amplifier sequentially passes through the first port, the second port and the telescope, and is emitted into the atmosphere, and echo signals generated by interaction with the atmosphere sequentially pass through the telescope, the second port and the third port and are incident into the filter.
4. A coherent wind lidar according to claim 1, wherein the center wavelength of the laser signal emitted by the seed laser is 1.5 μm.
5. A coherent wind lidar according to claim 1, wherein the center wavelength of the filter is aligned with the center wavelength of the seed laser outgoing laser signal for filtering out sun and sky background.
6. A coherent wind lidar according to claim 1, wherein the tunable optical attenuator is used to attenuate the local oscillator light to a single photon level to prevent saturation of the single photon detector.
7. A coherent wind lidar according to claim 1, wherein the single photon detector comprises: inGaAs single photon detectors, or up-conversion single photon detectors, or superconducting nanowire single photon detectors.
8. The coherent wind lidar of claim 1, wherein the acquisition card is a digital acquisition card.
9. A coherent wind lidar according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the computer is configured to extract frequency information within a set distance based on the electrical signal to obtain a distance gate corresponding to the frequency information, and to splice the number of photons collected within the distance gate in the time domain and then perform fourier transform to obtain the wind speed information.
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