CN110082502A - The three-dimensional visualization experimental rig and method of decomposition of hydrate induction seabed deformation - Google Patents
The three-dimensional visualization experimental rig and method of decomposition of hydrate induction seabed deformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110082502A CN110082502A CN201910371663.7A CN201910371663A CN110082502A CN 110082502 A CN110082502 A CN 110082502A CN 201910371663 A CN201910371663 A CN 201910371663A CN 110082502 A CN110082502 A CN 110082502A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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Abstract
The invention proposes three-dimensional visualization experimental rigs and method that a kind of decomposition of hydrate induces seabed deformation.The present invention includes transparent mould molding box, and sedimentary is equipped in transparent mould molding box, and the side of transparent mould molding box is equipped with laser and CCD camera, and the top of transparent mould molding box is equipped with laser displacement gauge, and the inside of sedimentary is additionally provided with temperature sensor and pressure sensor；Sedimentary includes transparent ocean soft clay layer and gas hydrates layer；Transparent ocean soft clay layer is to be prepared for 3.5~6.5:100 by mixing by lithium metasilicate magnesium and distilled water according to mass ratio, and gas hydrates layer is prepared under normal pressure according to volume ratio for 1:2~1:4 by F-11 and distilled water.The present invention can simulate the seabed response under the conditions of gas hydrate dissociation under normal pressure, and the naked eyes such as fluid migration path and inside soil body crack propagation inside bottom sediment are as it can be seen that simultaneously can obtain 3-D displacement field by image procossing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical fields of Marine Geology, particularly relate to a kind of three-dimensional of decomposition of hydrate induction seabed deformation
Visual test device and method.
Background technique
The most preservation of gas hydrates is in the deposit hole under subsea cryogenic hyperbaric environment, when bottom-water temperature increases
Or when pressure reduction, gas hydrates are just decomposed into gas and water, and pore pressure is caused to increase.As pore pressure is accumulated,
Sea bed can deform, as sea bed swells.Meanwhile gas hydrate dissociation causes deposit cementing strength to gradually decrease, and has
Efficacy reduces, and under the external force trigger action such as earthquake, submarine landslide easily occurs.
Gas hydrate dissociation induces the research of seabed deformation at present, mainly based on marine geophysical survey, and
Mostly rest on qualitative description, being simulated i.e. physical experiments using device in laboratory is a kind of preferable method,
Physical experiments are the important research means probed into gas hydrate dissociation and form fluid migration and seabed deformation mechanism.It is right
Pore pressure, sea bed during geological model progress physical model test acquisition test containing gas hydrates layer
The test datas such as surface deformation, can reveal that decomposition institute's inducing fluid migrations of gas hydrates and the process of seabed deformation with
Mechanism.These physical experiments usually require the variation of research inside soil body, such as inside soil body two dimension or three-D displacement, the soil body
Internal flow dust trajectory and inside soil body crack propagation etc..
Since gas hydrates synthesis needs high pressure and cryogenic conditions, indoor physical model test is difficult to meet condition.
Chinese patent CN107589235A discloses a kind of simulation test device of gas hydrate dissociation induction submarine landslide, including
One transparent water tank, one be set to transparent water tank in slight slope, the seawater on slight slope, one first air compressor machine, one second air compressor machine,
One triggering disk, a pore pressure meter and a data collecting instrument；The simulation test device can effectively simulate gas hydrate dissociation and lure
The submarine landslide of hair, and can observe hydraulic pressure, air pressure change and the process on landslide after decomposition；But the simulation test device
In do not form hydrate, air, the decomposition of simulating hydrate, with nature are injected into model just with air compressor
The actual conditions difference that middle gas hydrate dissociation induces seabed deformation is very big；Moreover, this slight slope is not visible, so that the mould
Quasi- experimental rig can not directly observe its internal flow dust trajectory, can not also observe inside soil body crack propagation etc., can not obtain
Know the three-D displacement situation of change of inside soil body.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes that a kind of decomposition of hydrate induces the three-dimensional visualization experimental rig and method of seabed deformation, solves
The three-D displacement variation feelings of inside soil body fluid migration path and inside soil body crack propagation can not be intuitively observed in the prior art
The problem of condition, gas hydrates substitute of the invention can carry out physical experiments under normal pressure, simplify test bar
Part.
A kind of decomposition of hydrate of the invention induces the three-dimensional visualization experimental rig of seabed deformation, and technical solution is this
What sample was realized: including transparent mould molding box, sedimentary is equipped in the transparent mould molding box, the side of the transparent mould molding box, which is equipped with, swashs
Light device, the transparent mould molding box are being equipped with CCD camera, the top of the transparent mould molding box with the perpendicular side of the laser
Equipped with laser displacement gauge, the inside of the sedimentary is additionally provided with temperature sensor and pressure sensor；The sedimentary includes saturating
Bright ocean soft clay layer and gas hydrates layer, the gas hydrates layer are located at the interior of the transparent ocean soft clay layer
Portion, the transparent ocean soft clay layer include underlying bed and overlying strata, and the underlying bed is located at the gas hydrates layer
Bottom, the overlying strata are located at the top of the gas hydrates layer；The transparent ocean soft clay layer is by lithium metasilicate magnesium
According to mass ratio be that 3.5~6.5:100 is prepared by mixing with distilled water, the gas hydrates layer be by
What F-11 and distilled water were prepared according to volume ratio for 1:2~1:4 under normal pressure.
Under the high pressure low temperature environment of seabed, gas hydrates reservoir keeps stablizing；When Temperature-pressure Conditions change, gas water
When conjunction object decomposes, bulk gas and water are generated, pore pressure increases, the strength reduction of bottom sediment, so as to cause ocean
Matter disaster.Currently, the preparation of gas hydrates needs high pressure (MPa rank) low temperature environment, the experimental condition of laboratory is difficult to
Meet, and high pressure is easy to bring the security risks such as explosion.The present invention is using in transparent ocean soft clay simulated sea bottom deposit
Soft clay layer, using the gas hydrates in gas hydrates alternative materials simulated sea bottom deposit, transparent ocean is soft
Clay transparency is high, and visualization is high, and gas hydrates alternative materials can decompose as the temperature rises under normal pressure
Gas and water out, to simplify experimental condition.Laser of the invention issues one of light beam from the side of sedimentary, vertical to shine
One fore-and-aft plane of bright sedimentary, forms different ground layer cross sections；CCD camera is cut to Different Strata during acquiring test
The picture in face, and analyze to obtain 3-D displacement field by computer.The top of sedimentary of the present invention sets up laser displacement gauge, to
Sea bed surface deformation during acquisition test, it is generally the case that need to spray a coating layer at the top of the overlying strata of sedimentary,
Effectively to reflect the optical signalling of the laser displacement gauge above it；The inside of sedimentary is additionally provided with temperature sensor and pressure
Sensor, to acquire the temperature, pressure variation during testing.The present invention by transparent mould molding box, laser, CCD camera, swash
Light displacement meter, temperature sensor and pressure sensor constitute the experimental rig, which can simulate day under normal pressure
Right gas hydrate decomposable process directly observes fluid migration path and crackle that gas hydrate dissociation is formed inside stratum
The experimental phenomenas such as extension, realize the visualization of simulation test procedure；By the image analysis to Different Strata section, sea is obtained
Bed three-D displacement situation of change has obtained a kind of three-dimensional visualization experimental rig of decomposition of hydrate induction seabed deformation, has simplified
The condition of simulation test, and can acquire inside the sea bed during test and inside the topography variation on surface and stratum
Temperature and pressure data, for marine geologic disasters prevention and control provide scientific theory guidance, strong operability, convenient for promote.
Embodiment as one preferred, the laser include laser light source and lens group, the laser light source and
The lens group is located in the first plane being vertically arranged, and first plane and the side of the transparent mould molding box are perpendicular
Setting.Laser is irradiated to the inside of sedimentary through transparent mould molding box, irradiates in some plane inside sedimentary, is formed
Different ground layer cross sections；Under the action of CCD camera, it is continuously shot the photograph when soil body deforms on Different Strata section in due course
Piece, to have recorded fluid migration path, crack propagation and sea bed three that gas hydrate dissociation is formed inside stratum
Tie up change in displacement situation.
Embodiment as one preferred, the transparent mould molding box are located on an operating platform, the laser light source
Bottom is equipped with the first sliding rail, and the operating platform is equipped with the first slideway compatible with first sliding rail, the lens group
Bottom be equipped with the second sliding rail, the operating platform be equipped with the second slideway compatible with second sliding rail.The present invention is logical
Cross under the mating reaction of the first sliding rail and the first slideway and the second sliding rail and the second slideway, can with synchronizing moving laser light source and
Lens group remains at laser light source and lens group in the plane perpendicular with the side of sedimentary, to drag laser
The position of light source and lens group, from the section of variation CCD camera shooting photo, to obtain the fluid inside stratum on different cross section
The three-D displacement situation of change of dust trajectory and crack propagation.
A kind of decomposition of hydrate of the invention induces the three-dimensional visualization test method of seabed deformation, and technical solution is this
What sample was realized: the following steps are included: the preparation 1 of A, gas hydrates alternative materials) F-11 is taken, it is placed in -18~4
At DEG C, chilling treatment is spare；2) distilled water is taken, is respectively placed at 2~4 DEG C, chilling treatment is spare；3) step 1) is resulting
F-11 is added in the resulting distilled water of step 2), and stirring is uniformly mixed it, obtains mixture；4) by step 3)
Resulting mixture continues to stir at -18~4 DEG C, and mixing time is that 8~20min is obtained until initially forming solid hydrate
Gas hydrates alternative materials；B, the preparation 5 of transparent ocean soft clay) take lithium metasilicate magnesium and distilled water, lithium metasilicate magnesium and steaming
The weight ratio of distilled water is 3.5~6.5:100, and lithium metasilicate magnesium is slowly added in distilled water, and the mistake of distilled water is added in lithium metasilicate magnesium
Cheng Zhong, distilled water are constantly in stirring；Continue to stir, mixing speed is 800~1200r/min, stirs 5~20min, obtains
Transparent ocean soft clay；C, the preparation 6 of underlying bed) according to the method for step 5) transparent ocean soft clay is prepared, it is placed in transparent mould
It in molding box, stands, consolidation obtains transparent ocean soft clay, that is, forms underlying bed；D, the preparation 7 of overlying strata) according to the side of step 5)
Method prepares transparent ocean soft clay, is placed in overlying strata soft clay preparation facilities, stands, and consolidation obtains transparent ocean soft clay；On
Coating soft clay preparation facilities includes the pedestal that one end has open end, and the internal sleeve of the pedestal is connected in succession for accommodating
The forming sleeve of bright ocean soft clay, the both ends of the forming sleeve are equipped with open end, and the forming sleeve, which is connected with, to incite somebody to action
The push plate that transparent ocean soft clay is released；E, the preparation 8 of sedimentary) the resulting gas hydrates alternative materials of step 4) are put
The top center position for entering the resulting underlying bed of step 6), that is, form gas hydrates layer；9) remove overlying strata in step 7)
The pedestal of soft clay preparation facilities is slowly pushed downwards the resulting transparent ocean soft clay of step 7) using push plate, covering
The resulting formation gas hydrates layer of step 8), the sedimentary that must be stored in transparent mould molding box；10) in the inside of sedimentary
Place temperature sensor and pressure sensor, transparent mould molding box side place laser, transparent mould molding box and laser
CCD camera is placed in the perpendicular side of device, places laser displacement gauge at the top of transparent mould molding box；11) start laser and CCD
Camera collects the photo in CCD camera；Start-up temperature sensor, pressure sensor and laser displacement, are acquired in real time；12)
The position for replacing laser obtains the photo of sea bed different cross section by CCD camera.
The present invention is prepared for the alternative materials of gas hydrates and the transparent alternative materials of ocean soft clay respectively first,
And organically combine the two in transparent mould molding box, form one kind visualization similar with natural submarine structure pellucidly
Matter model, that is, sedimentary, laser, CCD camera, laser displacement gauge, temperature sensor and pressure sensor mating reaction under
Constitute three-dimensional visualization experimental rig；Gas hydrates layer in this three-dimensional visualization test model in sedimentary be
Under normal pressure, by effectively controlling what temperature was prepared, it is not necessarily to operation with high pressure, preparation method is simple, and mild condition there is not equipment
There is special requirement, it is at low cost；Overlying strata in this Visualization model is in advance in overlying strata soft clay preparation facilities
Consolidation is stood, overlying strata is an organic whole, avoids introducing bubble, ensure that the transparency of sedimentary.It is made in the present invention
Sedimentary in standby Visualization model, which is usually placed in refrigerator, to be saved, and wherein the transparent ocean soft clay in sedimentary exists
When standing in consolidation process and consolidate completion preservation, the mull of wetting need to be covered on the surface thereof, and sealed with preservative film,
Prevent obtained transparent ocean soft clay dry and cracked.Sedimentary in Visualization model of the invention is by environment temperature
It influences its temperature meeting nature to be gradually increasing, finally identical as room temperature, in temperature ramp de, gas hydrates layer can gradually divide
Solution becomes gas and water, migrates under excess pore pressure effect, forms migration pathway, can also be accelerated by artificial mode
Its decomposable process, shorten test the time required to, such as using hot hair dryer heating contain sedimentary transparent mould molding box outer wall or
Person is by the way of heating water bath.In order to facilitate observation of in the Visualization model sedimentary internal flow migration pathway, thoroughly
Bright model casing is the higher transparent material production of use intensity, such as colourless organic glass (acrylic).
Embodiment as one preferred, in the step 7), the bottom open end of forming sleeve is equipped with transparent watertight
Film, the transparent watertight film is by the external detachable connection of fixing belt and the forming sleeve, in the step 9)
Also transparent watertight film is disassembled while removing pedestal.The bottom of forming sleeve is wrapped up using watertight transparent film, Gu
Determining band can be rubber band, sturdy using rubber band, to prevent from standing leak in consolidation process, height of the tying position far from bottom
The height that should be slightly larger than pedestal, if substructure height is 1.5cm, height of the tying position far from bottom can be 2cm, watertight transparent
Material can select the materials such as preservative film, oilpaper.If the preparation method of overlying strata is improper, it will the inside of overlying strata is caused to produce
Raw a large amount of bubbles to influence the transparency of sedimentary, and then influence the effect of visualization of test model；The present invention uses the bottom of by
The overlying strata soft clay preparation facilities of seat, forming sleeve and push plate composition, the size of the forming sleeve and the ruler of transparent mould molding box
Very little to coincide, transparent ocean soft clay has obtained abundant curing molding in pedestal and forming sleeve, and so that overlying strata is formed one has
Machine is whole, avoids the generation of its interior bubble, substantially increases the transparency of overlying strata.
Embodiment as one preferred, the temperature of the standing are 1~4 DEG C, and the time of standing is 24~48h.It stirs
It mixes after finishing, the mixture of lithium metasilicate magnesium and distilled water is poured into cell therefor, such as: transparent mould molding box and overlying strata
Soft clay preparation facilities stands consolidation indoors, can form the transparent alternative materials of soft clay, if including a small amount of bubble, stand
Dissipation can be consolidated after about 24~48 hours；If containing large volume of bubble in mixture, can be inhaled with the elongated syringe of syringe needle
Out；It is stood under room temperature or low temperature under normal conditions.
Embodiment as one preferred, the mixing speed during distilled water is added in the lithium metasilicate magnesium is 500
~1000r/min.Lithium metasilicate magnesium needs constantly to be stirred distilled water during distilled water is added, and is added to distilled water
Lithium metasilicate magnesium rapid dispersion later, stirs evenly, meanwhile, mixing speed at this time should not be too large, and prevent lithium metasilicate magnesium from adding
It is taken out of during adding by excessive mixing speed, causes the variation of the waste of material and the transparent soft clay viscosity of gained；To silicic acid
Lithium magnesium is added completely into distilled water and then improves mixing speed, and mixing speed at this time is with the mixing of lithium metasilicate magnesium and distilled water
Object was not both spilt over, and was not generated bubble inside it yet and be advisable.
Embodiment as one preferred, adding speed of the lithium metasilicate magnesium into distilled water are 5~15g/s.Silicon
Adding speed of the sour lithium magnesium in arrangement water is unsuitable too fast, in addition, it is desirable to add, be quickly poured into or pour into while stirring completely
Lithium metasilicate magnesium and then stirring will lead to stirring unevenly, finally reduce transparency.
Mixing speed in embodiment as one preferred, the step 3) and the step 4) is 500~
1000r/min, the mixing time in the step 3) are 1~5min.The present invention makes liquid trichloro-monofluoro using the method for stirring
Methane and distilled water are sufficiently mixed, and prevent from being layered, this high-speed stirred, have fully ensured that the uniformity of two kinds of material mixings, sternly
Lattice avoid the generation of lamination.
Embodiment as one preferred, the particle size of the lithium metasilicate magnesium are 20~30nm, density is 0.9~
1.1g/cm3, refractive index is 1.3~1.8.It is used in the preparation process of transparent soft clay in test model of the invention
Distilled water, distilled water are free of the plurality of impurities such as electrolyte, and not reacting in preparation process influences transparency, so it is resulting
Bright soft clay transparency is high, the transparent soft clay that transparency is prepared considerably beyond tap water；It is natural soft glutinous according to what is substituted
The type of soil adjusts the mass ratio of lithium metasilicate magnesium and distilled water, to obtain the natural soft clay of varying strength；Soft clay intensity
When higher, the dosage of lithium metasilicate magnesium is more；When soft clay intensity is lower, the dosage of lithium metasilicate magnesium is few.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: using transparent ocean soft clay in sedimentary of the invention
Soft clay layer in simulated sea bottom deposit, using the gas water in gas hydrates alternative materials simulated sea bottom deposit
Object is closed, the transparency of resulting sedimentary is high, and visualization is high, in laser, CCD camera, laser displacement gauge, temperature sensing
Three-dimensional visualization experimental rig is constituted under the mating reaction of device and pressure sensor, has obtained a kind of gas hydrate dissociation
Induce the three-dimensional visualization experimental rig of seabed deformation；The gas hydrates layer of sedimentary in the three-dimensional visualization experimental rig
It is to complete preparation under normal pressure, gas and water can be decomposited as the temperature rises；The three-dimensional visualization experimental rig can
To simulate the decomposable process of gas hydrates, structure is visual, and internal fluid migration channel is as it can be seen that seabed can directly be observed
The experimental phenomenas such as fluid migration path and crack propagation inside deposit, realize the visual of bottom sediment internal displacement
Change；And the deformation of sea bed internal temperature pressure change and sea bed inside and surface during test can be acquired, it obtains
A kind of decomposition of hydrate induces the three-dimensional visualization experimental rig of seabed deformation, simplifies the condition of simulation test, for ocean
Matter damage control provides scientific theory guidance, and cost performance is high, convenient for promoting；The present invention completes the preparation of hydrate under normal pressure
With the visualization of bottom sediment, it is not necessarily to high pressure, preparation method is simple, mild condition, does not have special requirement, cost to equipment
It is low.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the schematic perspective view of three-dimensional visualization experimental rig of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the decomposition texture schematic diagram of overlying strata soft clay preparation facilities used in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic cross-sectional view of sedimentary of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the appearance photo figure of sedimentary of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the photo figure that CCD camera during the test of the invention is shot；
Fig. 6 is the schematic perspective view of transparent mould molding box used in the present invention；
In figure: 100- pedestal；200- forming sleeve；300- push plate；4- underlying bed；5- gas hydrates layer；It is covered on 6-
Layer；
900- operating platform；101- sedimentary；111- laser displacement gauge；112- bracket；113- lens group；114- laser light
Source；115-CCD camera；116- transparent mould molding box.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Refering to attached drawing 1, attached drawing 2, attached drawing 3, attached drawing 4, attached drawing 5 and attached drawing 6, a kind of decomposition of hydrate of the invention induces sea
The three-dimensional visualization experimental rig of bed deformation, including transparent mould molding box 116, transparent mould molding box 116 is interior to be equipped with sedimentary 101, thoroughly
The side of bright model casing 116 is equipped with laser, and transparent mould molding box 116 is being equipped with CCD camera with the perpendicular side of laser
115, the top of transparent mould molding box 116 is equipped with laser displacement gauge 111, and the inside of sedimentary 101 is additionally provided with temperature sensor and pressure
Force snesor；Sedimentary 101 includes transparent ocean soft clay layer and gas hydrates layer 5, and gas hydrates layer 5 is located at saturating
The inside of bright ocean soft clay layer, transparent ocean soft clay layer include underlying bed 4 and overlying strata 6, and underlying bed 4 is located at gas water
The bottom of nitride layer 5 is closed, overlying strata 6 is located at the top of gas hydrates layer 5；Transparent ocean soft clay layer be by lithium metasilicate magnesium and
Distilled water is prepared for 3.5~6.5:100 by mixing according to mass ratio, and gas hydrates layer 5 is by trichlorine one
What fluoromethane and distilled water were prepared according to volume ratio for 1:2~1:4 under normal pressure.In attached drawing 1 for simplicity, do not have
Transparent mould molding box 116 is drawn, temperature sensor, pressure sensor and its conducting wire of connection are not drawn；CCD camera in the present invention
115 are connect with computer, and CCD camera 115 can automatically continuously be shot；It is heavy that the laser section of laser is vertically squeezed into
Lamination 101 forms speckle field；Laser displacement gauge 111 is erected at the top of transparent mould molding box 116 by bracket 112；Test process
In by computer collect in due course CCD camera 115 shooting photograph image, and using computer image processing software to acquisition
Speckle field picture analyzed, to obtain the 3-D displacement field of the 101 inside soil body of sedimentary.
Refering to attached drawing 1, in the present invention, laser includes laser light source 114 and lens group 113, laser light source 114 and lens
Group 113 is located in the first plane being vertically arranged, and the first plane and the side of transparent mould molding box 116 are vertical setting.This hair
Bright middle laser is located at the right side of sedimentary 101, and CCD camera 115 is located at the front side of sedimentary 101, and CCD camera 115 is just clapped
Take the photograph laser light source 114 through lens group 113 vertically squeeze into the fluid migration path on one perpendicular in the inside of sedimentary 101 and
The experimental phenomenas such as crack propagation have recorded the situation of change of 101 internal displacement of sedimentary.In the present embodiment, transparent mould molding box 116
On an operating platform 900, the bottom of laser light source 114 is equipped with the first sliding rail, and operating platform 900 is equipped with and the first sliding rail
Compatible first slideway, the bottom of lens group 113 are equipped with the second sliding rail, and operating platform 900 is equipped with and mutually fits with the second sliding rail
The second slideway matched.Under mating reaction of the present invention by the first sliding rail and the first slideway and the second sliding rail and the second slideway,
It can make laser light source 114 with synchronizing moving laser light source 114 and lens group 113 and lens group 113 remains at and sedimentary
In the perpendicular plane in 101 side, to drag the position of laser light source 114 and lens group 113, from variation CCD camera 115
The plane of photo is shot, to obtain the fluid migration path in 101 inside Different Plane of sedimentary and the three-dimensional position of crack propagation
Move situation of change.
A kind of decomposition of hydrate of the invention induces the three-dimensional visualization test method of seabed deformation, comprising the following steps:
A, the preparation of gas hydrates alternative materials
1) F-11 is taken, is placed at -18~4 DEG C, chilling treatment is spare；
2) distilled water is taken, is respectively placed at 2~4 DEG C, chilling treatment is spare；
3) the resulting F-11 of step 1) is added in the resulting distilled water of step 2), is stirred, mixing speed
For 500~1000r/min, mixing time is 1~5min, is uniformly mixed it, obtains mixture；
4) by the resulting mixture of step 3) at -18~4 DEG C, continuing to stir, mixing speed is 500~1000r/min,
Mixing time obtains gas hydrates alternative materials until initially forming solid hydrate for 8~20min；
B, the preparation of transparent ocean soft clay
5) lithium metasilicate magnesium and distilled water are taken, the weight ratio of lithium metasilicate magnesium and distilled water is 3.5~6.5:100, lithium metasilicate magnesium
Particle size be 20~30nm, density be 0.9~1.1g/cm3, refractive index is 1.3~1.8, and lithium metasilicate magnesium is slowly added to
In distilled water, adding speed of the lithium metasilicate magnesium into distilled water is 5~15g/s, during distilled water is added in lithium metasilicate magnesium, is steamed
Distilled water is constantly in stirring, and the mixing speed during distilled water is added in lithium metasilicate magnesium is 500~1000r/min；After
Continuous stirring, mixing speed are 800~1200r/min, stir 5~20min, obtain transparent ocean soft clay；
C, the preparation of underlying bed 4
6) transparent ocean soft clay is prepared according to the method for step 5), be placed in transparent mould molding box 116, stood, standing
Temperature is 1~4 DEG C, and the time of standing is 24~48h, and consolidation obtains transparent ocean soft clay, that is, forms underlying bed 4；
D, the preparation of overlying strata 6
7) transparent ocean soft clay is prepared according to the method for step 5), is placed in overlying strata soft clay preparation facilities, stood,
Consolidation, obtains transparent ocean soft clay；Overlying strata soft clay preparation facilities includes the pedestal 100 that one end has open end, pedestal 100
Internal sleeve be connected to the forming sleeve 200 for accommodating transparent ocean soft clay in succession, the both ends of forming sleeve 200 are equipped with out
Mouth end, forming sleeve 200 are connected with the push plate 300 that can release transparent ocean soft clay, the bottom open end of forming sleeve 200
Equipped with transparent watertight film, transparent watertight film passes through the external detachable connection of fixing belt and forming sleeve 200；
E, the preparation of sedimentary 101
8) the resulting gas hydrates alternative materials of step 4) are put into the top center of the resulting underlying bed 4 of step 6)
Position forms gas hydrates layer 5；
9) remove the pedestal 100 of overlying strata soft clay preparation facilities in step 7), while also dismantling transparent watertight film
Get off, slowly pushed the resulting transparent ocean soft clay of step 7) downwards using push plate 300, covering step 8) resulting shape
At gas hydrates layer 5, the sedimentary 101 that must be stored in transparent mould molding box 116；
10) temperature sensor and pressure sensor are placed in the inside of sedimentary 101, in the side of transparent mould molding box 116
Laser is placed, CCD camera 115 is placed in the side perpendicular with laser of transparent mould molding box 116, in transparent mould molding box
Laser displacement gauge 111 is placed at 116 top, and the plane where 115 camera lens of CCD camera is parallel to one of transparent mould molding box 116
Alien invasion；
11) start laser and CCD camera 115, after laser power stabilization, adjust the angle of laser section, make
It vertically squeezes into sedimentary 101, forms speckle field；And the examination hall of CCD camera 115 is adjusted, so that it is covered entire speckle field picture,
And it is set as automatic continuous screening-mode, collect the photo in CCD camera 115；Start-up temperature sensor, pressure sensor and swash
Light displacement, the data of real-time temperature collection sensor, pressure sensor and laser displacement gauge 111；
12) position at regular intervals, replacing laser continues to collect the temperature in the 101 other planes in inside of sedimentary
The data of sensor, pressure sensor and laser displacement are spent, and collect the photo in CCD camera 115, are obtained by CCD camera
The photo of sea bed different cross section.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: it is soft glutinous using transparent ocean in sedimentary 101 of the invention
Clay model intends the soft clay layer in bottom sediment, using the natural gas in gas hydrates alternative materials simulated sea bottom deposit
The transparency of hydrate, resulting sedimentary 101 is high, and visualization is high, in laser, CCD camera 115, laser displacement gauge
111, three-dimensional visualization experimental rig is constituted under the mating reaction of temperature sensor and pressure sensor, obtained a kind of natural
Gas hydrate decomposes the three-dimensional visualization experimental rig for inducing seabed deformation；Sedimentary 101 in the three-dimensional visualization experimental rig
Gas hydrates layer 5 be under normal pressure complete preparation, gas and water can be decomposited as the temperature rises；The three-dimensional
Visual test device can simulate the decomposable process of gas hydrates, and structure is visual, internal fluid migration channel as it can be seen that
The experimental phenomenas such as fluid migration path and the crack propagation inside bottom sediment can be directly observed, bottom sediment is realized
The visualization of internal displacement；And the change of sea bed internal temperature pressure change and sea bed inside and surface during test can be acquired
Shape situation has obtained a kind of three-dimensional visualization experimental rig of decomposition of hydrate induction seabed deformation, has simplified simulation test
Condition provides scientific theory guidance for marine geologic disasters prevention and control, and cost performance is high, convenient for promoting；The present invention completes under normal pressure
The preparation of hydrate and the visualization of bottom sediment are not necessarily to high pressure, and preparation method is simple, mild condition does not have equipment
Special requirement, it is at low cost.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the three-dimensional visualization experimental rig that a kind of decomposition of hydrate induces seabed deformation, it is characterised in that: including see-through model
Case, the transparent mould molding box is interior to be equipped with sedimentary, and the side of the transparent mould molding box is equipped with laser, and the transparent mould molding box exists
It is equipped with CCD camera with the perpendicular side of the laser, the top of the transparent mould molding box is equipped with laser displacement gauge, described heavy
The inside of lamination is additionally provided with temperature sensor and pressure sensor；
The sedimentary includes transparent ocean soft clay layer and gas hydrates layer, and the gas hydrates layer is located at described
The inside of transparent ocean soft clay layer, the transparent ocean soft clay layer includes underlying bed and overlying strata, and the underlying bed is located at
The bottom of the gas hydrates layer, the overlying strata are located at the top of the gas hydrates layer；
The transparent ocean soft clay layer is to pass through mixing according to mass ratio by lithium metasilicate magnesium and distilled water for 3.5~6.5:100
Stirring is prepared, and it according to volume ratio is 1:2~1:4 that the gas hydrates layer, which is by F-11 and distilled water,
It is prepared under normal pressure.
2. decomposition of hydrate according to claim 1 induces the three-dimensional visualization experimental rig of seabed deformation, feature exists
In:
The laser includes laser light source and lens group, and the laser light source and the lens group are located in the be vertically arranged
In one plane, first plane and the side of the transparent mould molding box are vertical setting.
3. decomposition of hydrate according to claim 2 induces the three-dimensional visualization experimental rig of seabed deformation, feature exists
In:
The transparent mould molding box is located on an operating platform, and the bottom of the laser light source is equipped with the first sliding rail, and the operation is flat
Platform is equipped with the first slideway compatible with first sliding rail, and the bottom of the lens group is equipped with the second sliding rail, the operation
Platform is equipped with the second slideway compatible with second sliding rail.
4. the three-dimensional visualization that decomposition of hydrate described in any one of -3 induces seabed deformation according to claim 1 tests dress
The test method set, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
A, the preparation of gas hydrates alternative materials
1) F-11 is taken, is placed at -18~4 DEG C, chilling treatment is spare；
2) distilled water is taken, is respectively placed at 2~4 DEG C, chilling treatment is spare；
3) the resulting F-11 of step 1) is added in the resulting distilled water of step 2), is stirred, be uniformly mixed it,
Obtain mixture；
4) by the resulting mixture of step 3) at -18~4 DEG C, continue to stir, mixing time is 8~20min, until initially forming
Solid hydrate obtains gas hydrates alternative materials；
B, the preparation of transparent ocean soft clay
5) lithium metasilicate magnesium and distilled water are taken, the weight ratio of lithium metasilicate magnesium and distilled water is 3.5~6.5:100, and lithium metasilicate magnesium is delayed
Slow to be added in distilled water, during distilled water is added in lithium metasilicate magnesium, distilled water is constantly in stirring；Continue to stir, stir
Mixing speed is 800~1200r/min, stirs 5~20min, obtains transparent ocean soft clay；
C, the preparation of underlying bed
6) transparent ocean soft clay is prepared according to the method for step 5), be placed in transparent mould molding box, stood, consolidation obtains transparent sea
Foreign soft clay, that is, form underlying bed；
D, the preparation of overlying strata
7) transparent ocean soft clay is prepared according to the method for step 5), be placed in overlying strata soft clay preparation facilities, stood, Gu
Knot, obtains transparent ocean soft clay；
Overlying strata soft clay preparation facilities includes the pedestal that one end has open end, and the internal sleeve of the pedestal is connected in succession to be used for
The forming sleeve of transparent ocean soft clay is accommodated, the both ends of the forming sleeve are equipped with open end, the forming sleeve connection
There is the push plate that transparent ocean soft clay can be released；
E, the preparation of sedimentary
8) the resulting gas hydrates alternative materials of step 4) are put into the top center position of the resulting underlying bed of step 6),
Form gas hydrates layer；
9) pedestal for removing overlying strata soft clay preparation facilities in step 7) is soft by the resulting transparent ocean of step 7) using push plate
Clay slowly pushes downwards, covering step 8) resulting formation gas hydrates layer, it must be stored in transparent mould molding box
Sedimentary；
10) temperature sensor and pressure sensor are placed in the inside of sedimentary, place laser in the side of transparent mould molding box,
CCD camera is placed in the side perpendicular with laser of transparent mould molding box, places laser displacement at the top of transparent mould molding box
Meter；
11) start laser and CCD camera, collect the photo in CCD camera；Start-up temperature sensor, pressure sensor and swash
Light displacement, is acquired in real time；
12) laser positions are replaced, the photo of sea bed different cross section is obtained by CCD camera.
5. the test side that decomposition of hydrate according to claim 4 induces the three-dimensional visualization experimental rig of seabed deformation
Method, it is characterised in that:
In the step 7), the bottom open end of forming sleeve is equipped with transparent watertight film, and the transparent watertight film passes through solid
Determine external detachable connection of the band with the forming sleeve, removes in the step 9) also that transparent watertight is thin while pedestal
Film disassembles.
6. the test side that decomposition of hydrate according to claim 4 induces the three-dimensional visualization experimental rig of seabed deformation
Method, it is characterised in that:
The temperature of the standing is 1~4 DEG C, and the time of standing is 24~48h.
7. the test side that decomposition of hydrate according to claim 4 induces the three-dimensional visualization experimental rig of seabed deformation
Method, it is characterised in that:
Mixing speed during distilled water is added in the lithium metasilicate magnesium is 500~1000r/min.
8. the test side that decomposition of hydrate according to claim 4 induces the three-dimensional visualization experimental rig of seabed deformation
Method, it is characterised in that:
Adding speed of the lithium metasilicate magnesium into distilled water is 5~15g/s.
9. the test side that decomposition of hydrate according to claim 4 induces the three-dimensional visualization experimental rig of seabed deformation
Method, it is characterised in that:
Mixing speed in the step 3) and the step 4) is 500~1000r/min, when stirring in the step 3)
Between be 1~5min.
10. the test side that decomposition of hydrate according to claim 4 induces the three-dimensional visualization experimental rig of seabed deformation
Method, it is characterised in that:
The particle size of the lithium metasilicate magnesium is 20~30nm, and density is 0.9~1.1g/cm3, refractive index is 1.3~1.8.
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