CN110082281B - Radial seepage instrument and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Radial seepage instrument and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110082281B CN110082281B CN201910528937.9A CN201910528937A CN110082281B CN 110082281 B CN110082281 B CN 110082281B CN 201910528937 A CN201910528937 A CN 201910528937A CN 110082281 B CN110082281 B CN 110082281B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 213
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
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- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
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- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a radial seepage meter and an operation method thereof, and belongs to the field of geotechnical experiments. The device can be used for radial seepage experiments from the center to the periphery and radial seepage experiments from the periphery to the center, and can be rapidly switched between the two. Mainly comprises a lower cover, an upper cover, an outer sleeve, a water permeable cylinder and a water permeable rod. The soil sample is in a circular column shape, and a permeable rod is inserted into the hole and is connected with the upper cover and the lower cover. The radial seepage flow instrument is internally provided with two main waterways which respectively flow through the central hole and the periphery of the soil sample, and water inflow and drainage of the waterways are controlled, so that water in one waterway can permeate into the other waterway along different radial directions of the soil sample, and is discharged into the water quantity measuring container. The internal gas can be conveniently discharged as soon as possible in the initial stage of the test, the device is dual-purpose, and the device has a simple structure and saves resources and time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geotechnical experiments, in particular to a radial seepage meter and an operation method thereof.
Background
The permeability of the soil body is one of the basic engineering characteristics of the soil body, is one of indexes which are required to be measured in geotechnical test research, and is the basis for analyzing dam seepage calculation and groundwater seepage calculation. The soil sample is permeated in three modes of vertical, horizontal and radial. The one-dimensional vertical and transverse infiltration experimental method and equipment are relatively mature, but the current experiment for measuring the infiltration and radial infiltration coefficient of the soil body under the radial infiltration condition is not mature, and no specific experimental method and equipment exist. Patent search finds application number 201720773880.5, namely a radial permeation experimental device for evaluating radial seepage characteristics of soil, wherein the device is seepage from the center to the periphery, and a water inlet is arranged above the device, so that gas in a soil sample is not conveniently discharged; the water outlet is arranged below, so that water oozed out of the soil sample can flow out rapidly, the outer side of the upper part of the soil sample is in an unsaturated state, the state in the soil sample is not uniform, and the test precision is affected unlike the test to be simulated.
Radial seepage is divided into two cases, namely seepage from the center to the periphery and seepage from the periphery to the center, a seepage meter capable of simulating the two cases is urgently needed in scientific research, corresponding radial seepage coefficients are measured, and the evolution rule of the seepage of a soil body under the radial seepage condition can be truly reflected so as to provide a reference basis for the treatment of actual engineering problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects and problems in the prior art and provides a radial seepage meter and an operation method thereof.
The invention provides a radial seepage flow instrument and an operation method thereof, wherein the main structure of the radial seepage flow instrument mainly comprises a water permeable cylinder positioned at the outer side of a circular columnar soil sample, an outer sleeve positioned at the outer side of the water permeable cylinder, two cover bodies respectively positioned at two ends of the soil sample, and a water permeable rod penetrating through a central hole of the soil sample; the water permeable rod within the length range of the soil sample center hole can enable water to circulate inside and outside through the side surface of the water permeable rod, two end parts of the water permeable rod are fixed at the center part of the corresponding cover body, water holes capable of being externally connected with water pipes are formed in two ends of the water permeable rod, and water can flow from one end of the water permeable rod to the other end of the water permeable rod; the edge of each cover body is provided with an edge through hole corresponding to the position of the wall of the water permeable cylinder, and can be externally connected with a water pipe; sealing rings are arranged between the end surfaces of the outer sleeves and the corresponding cover bodies, and the two end parts of the water permeable rod are sealed with the corresponding cover bodies; after the soil sample is installed in place, gaskets are respectively arranged between two ends of the soil sample and adjacent cover bodies, each gasket is compressed, and water is not permeable between the gasket and the corresponding cover body and between the gasket and the end face of the soil sample.
Preferably, filter membranes are arranged between the outer side surface of the soil sample and the water permeable cylinder and between the inner side surface of the soil sample and the water permeable rod; the filter membrane is filter paper.
Preferably, the permeable rod consists of a permeable body section in the middle and steel pipe sections at two ends, wherein the steel pipe sections are provided with external threads; the two cover bodies are provided with central holes, the permeable rod penetrates through the soil sample central holes and the central holes of the two cover bodies, and two ends of the permeable rod are provided with water holes.
Preferably, the surface of the cover body is provided with a sealing ring groove, a sealing ring is arranged in the sealing ring groove, and the two sealing rings are respectively contacted with the two end surfaces of the outer sleeve.
Preferably, at the end of the water permeable cartridge, the cover has an annular water collection sump.
Preferably, the outer end surface of one cover body is provided with three or more than three support leg bolt holes, and the support legs with external threads can be installed.
Preferably, the middle water permeable body and the water permeable cylinder of the water permeable rod are made of sintered copper; the steel pipe at the end part of the permeable rod is made of stainless steel; the outer sleeve and the cover body are made of bronze; the nut is made of stainless steel.
Further, the operation method of the radial seepage meter mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1: adjusting the support legs of the lower cover to enable the lower cover to be in a horizontal state; a lower gasket is placed in the middle, and a lower sealing ring is placed in a sealing ring groove of the lower cover;
step 2: placing an outer sleeve; the filter paper is placed on the inner side of the water permeable cylinder, the soil sample is pushed into the water permeable cylinder, the soil sample and the filter paper are placed in the hole in the center of the soil sample together with the outer sleeve, and the upper gasket is placed in the middle;
step 3: an upper sealing ring is placed in a sealing ring groove of the upper cover and is buckled above the soil sample in the middle;
step 4: the water permeable rod is erected, the upper end of the water permeable rod is sleeved with an upper backing ring, an upper nut is screwed on the upper backing ring, the upper backing ring is abutted against the upper nut, and the starting position of the external thread of the end steel pipe is located at the middle height of the upper backing ring; the lower end of the water permeable rod sequentially passes through the upper cover, the central hole of the soil sample and the lower cover, a backing ring is sleeved at the lower end, and a lower nut is screwed by a spanner;
step 5: the connector is rotated in the edge holes of the upper cover and the lower cover, and the connector at the outer end part of the connector is the same as the connector at the end part of the water permeable rod; all connectors are connected with water pipes with switches, and 4 water pipes are respectively an edge water inlet pipe, an edge water outlet pipe, a center water inlet pipe and a center water outlet pipe; the other ends of the edge water outlet pipe and the center water outlet pipe extend into two water collecting bottles respectively, and each water collecting bottle is placed on an electronic balance;
if an experiment of seepage to the center is performed, then:
step 6a: all the water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe switches are opened until no bubbles exist in the water discharged by the two water outlet pipes; closing a switch on the edge water outlet pipe, closing a switch on the central water inlet pipe, recording the reading of the electronic balance for 1 time every 5 minutes when no bubbles are discharged in the central water outlet pipe, and recording for 8 hours; closing all the water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe switches;
if an experiment of seepage to the periphery is performed, then:
step 6b: all the water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe switches are opened until no bubbles exist in the water discharged by the two water outlet pipes; closing a switch on the central water outlet pipe, closing a switch on the edge water inlet pipe, recording the reading of the electronic balance for 1 time every 5 minutes when no bubbles are discharged in the edge water outlet pipe, and recording for 8 hours;
in this step, a plurality of transitions may be made between step 6a and step 6 b;
step 7: after the experiment is finished, the permeability coefficients corresponding to the central seepage and the peripheral seepage are calculated.
Preferably, the outer sleeve and the water permeable cylinder are combined into a whole, and the two end surfaces are flush, and accordingly, the method for performing the test operation only needs to change the step 2:
step 2: the filter paper is placed on the inner side of the combination of the outer sleeve and the water permeable cylinder, the soil sample is pushed in, the combination and the soil sample are placed on the lower cover together, the filter paper is placed in the hole in the center of the soil sample, and the upper gasket is placed in the middle.
Preferably, the outer sleeve and the lower cover body are fixed together to form a whole; accordingly, the method for realizing the practical operation only needs to change the first two steps into:
step 1: adjusting the support legs of the lower cover to enable the lower cover to be in a horizontal state; a lower gasket is arranged in the middle;
step 2: the filter paper is placed on the inner side of the water permeable cylinder, the soil sample is pushed into the water permeable cylinder, the soil sample and the filter paper are placed in the hole in the center of the soil sample together with the outer sleeve, and the upper gasket is placed in the middle.
In this application's scheme, edge hole and the section of thick bamboo that permeates water on radial seepage flow appearance both ends lid constitute a water channel, and the stick that permeates water constitutes another water channel. When the switch of one water pipe on one cover body is closed, the switch of the water pipe on the other water path on the other cover body is closed, and the other two water pipe switches are opened, the radial permeameter in the scheme can simulate seepage from one side of the soil sample wall to the other side, including central to peripheral seepage and peripheral to central seepage. At the beginning of the experiment, all the water pipe switches can be opened, after no bubbles are discharged in the water pipe of which the switch is required to be closed, the water pipe switch is closed, the corresponding water inlet pipe switch is closed immediately so as to discharge the gas in the instrument, and after the remaining water pipe is not discharged with bubbles, the gas in the soil sample is discharged through preliminary seepage, and the water quantity in the water collecting bottle begins to be measured.
The radial seepage instrument in the scheme can carry out a bidirectional seepage experiment after once assembly, achieves the aim of dual purposes, and can randomly switch between central seepage and peripheral seepage for a plurality of times; the water permeable rod has the functions of (1) enabling water to enter the rod body through the side surface and be conveyed to a connected water outlet pipe, or enabling water in a connected water inlet pipe to uniformly penetrate through the outer surface at the full height of a soil sample center hole to enter a soil sample; (2) Applying pressure to the two covers to ensure the sealing of the seepage meter; (3) Applying pressure to the two cover bodies so as to compress the upper gasket and the lower gasket, ensuring that the end face of the soil sample is not permeated, and realizing radial seepage; (4) The additional loading mechanism is omitted, the water permeable rod has the loading function, the resources and the investment are saved, the experiment time is saved, and the experiment efficiency is improved; the middle section permeable body of the permeable rod and the permeable barrel are made of sintered copper, so that the defect that a conventional permeable stone is easy to damage is avoided, the permeable rod is durable in use, the sintered copper cannot absorb water, an experiment can quickly enter a formal reading stage, and the experimental process can be accelerated; the sealing structure of the radial seepage meter can ensure that the sealing is free from water leakage. The gasket with large deformation can ensure that the gasket and the cover body and the gasket and the soil sample end face are in tight contact and watertight in the experimental process. The upper cover and the lower cover can be identical, the types of components are simplified, and the nut, the support leg and the connector can adopt standard components, so that the manufacturing and the assembly are convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main body portion of a radial penetrometer.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the complete structure of the radial penetrometer.
FIG. 3 is a schematic vertical section through the center line of the cover and the edge hole.
Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of the recess side of the cover.
Fig. 5 is a schematic bottom view of the lower cover.
FIG. 6 is a schematic vertical cross-section of a water permeable rod through the centerline.
Figure 7 is a schematic vertical section through an outer sleeve.
Fig. 8 is a schematic vertical section of a water permeable cartridge.
Figure 9 is a schematic vertical cross-section of the combination of an outer sleeve and a water permeable cartridge.
FIG. 10 is a schematic vertical cross-section of the integrated base and outer sleeve.
The marks in the figure are as follows: 1-lower cover, 1 a-upper cover, 2-lower nut, 2 a-upper nut 3-outer sleeve, 4-water permeable cylinder, 5-soil sample, 6-lower sealing ring, 6 a-upper sealing ring, 7-lower backing ring, 7 a-upper backing ring, 8-water permeable rod, 9-lower gasket, 9 a-upper gasket, 11-sealing ring groove, 12-water collecting tank, 13-center hole, 14-edge hole, 15-supporting leg screw hole, 16-supporting leg, 17-middle water permeable body, 18-end steel pipe, 19-connector a, 20-connector b, 21-connector, 22-edge water inlet pipe, 22 a-edge water outlet pipe, 23-center water inlet pipe and 23 a-center water outlet pipe.
Detailed Description
The following is a specific embodiment of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
Example 1
The main structure of the embodiment is shown in fig. 1, the complete structure is shown in fig. 2, and fig. 3 to 8 are schematic views of main components. The main structure of the radial seepage instrument mainly comprises a water permeable cylinder 4, an outer sleeve 3, an upper cover 1a, a lower cover 1 and a water permeable rod 8; the soil sample 5 suitable for the radial penetrometer is in a circular column shape, the height is 40.0mm, the outer diameter is 61.8mm, the inner diameter is 6.18mm, and a water permeable rod 8 is inserted into the central hole; filter papers are arranged between the outer side surface of the soil sample 5 and the water permeable cylinder 4 and between the inner side surface and the water permeable rod 8. The height of the water permeable cylinder 4 is 42.0mm, the outer diameter is 74.8mm, and the inner diameter is 62.2mm; the outer sleeve 3 has a height of 42.0mm, an outer diameter of 81.8mm and a thickness of 3.4mm. The upper gasket 9a and the lower gasket 9 are made of soft rubber, are both annular, have an inner diameter of 5.8mm, an outer diameter of 61.8mm and a thickness of 2.0mm, and have a thickness of 1.0mm after compression in the experimental process. The upper cover 1a and the lower cover 1 are both round, the outer diameter is 100.0mm, the maximum thickness is 19.5mm, and the thickness of the middle groove part is 16.0mm; the edge hole 14 has an inner diameter of 8.0mm and a height of 10.0mm in the equal diameter section, and the upper portion communicates with the water collection tank 12. The water collecting tank 12 is positioned right below the wall of the water permeable cylinder 4, the width of the cross section is 3.2mm, and the depth is 4.0mm. The seal groove 11 has a width of 3.2mm and a depth of 2.0mm. The lower sealing ring 6 and the upper sealing ring 6a are made of rubber, the diameter of the cross section is 3.2mm, and the lower sealing ring 6 and the upper sealing ring 6a ensure that the two ends of the outer sleeve 3 are sealed under the action of pressure. The central holes 13 of the upper cover 1a and the lower cover 1 are positioned on the groove side, the aperture is 5.7mm, the depth is 4.0mm, the aperture on the other side is 12.0mm, and the depth is 12.0mm. The material of the middle water permeable body 17 of the water permeable barrel 4 and the water permeable rod 8 is sintered copper, the manufacturing cost of the sintered copper is low, the manufactured assembly is not easy to damage and is more durable, and the material has the excellent characteristic of not absorbing water, so that the material is a substitute material of water permeable stones; the outer sleeve 3, the upper cover 1a and the lower cover 1 are made of bronze, so that the outer sleeve is convenient to manufacture and is not easy to corrode; the end steel pipe 18 is made of stainless steel, and the lower nut 2 and the upper nut 2a are made of stainless steel. Therefore, each component of the whole device is excellent in durability and does not absorb water. The total length of the permeable rod 8 is 115.0mm, the outer diameter is 5.6mm, and the length of the middle permeable body 17 is 46.0mm; the inner and outer surfaces of the end steel pipe 18 in the length range of 4.0mm contacted with the middle water permeable body 17 are smooth, a connector a19 is arranged at the end, and the rest is provided with external threads. The lower backing ring 7 and the upper backing ring 7a are made of rubber, the thickness is 4.0mm, the inner diameter is 5.6mm, and the outer diameter is 12.0mm; the length of the lower nut 2 and the upper nut 2a is 17.0mm, the outer diameter is 11.0mm, and the inner hole is provided with an inner thread corresponding to the outer thread of the end steel pipe 18. The downward end face of the lower cover 1 is provided with three internally threaded support leg screw holes 15, support legs 16 with corresponding external threads can be installed, the inner diameter of the support leg screw holes 15 is 8.0mm, the depth is 12.0mm, and the length of the support legs 16 is 50.0mm.
The steps in the seepage experiment carried out by adopting the radial seepage instrument are as follows (assuming that seepage is firstly carried out to the center and then seepage is carried out to the periphery instead of the center):
step 1-1: the support legs 16 of the lower cover 1 are adjusted to enable the lower cover 1 to be in a horizontal state; a lower gasket 9 is placed in the middle, and the lower sealing ring 6 is placed in a sealing ring groove 11;
step 1-2: placing an outer sleeve 3; the filter paper is placed on the inner side of the water permeable cylinder 4, the soil sample 5 is pushed into the water permeable cylinder 4, the soil sample 5 and the filter paper are placed in the hole in the center of the soil sample 5 together with the outer sleeve 3, and the upper gasket 9a is placed in the middle;
step 1-3: an upper sealing ring 6a is arranged in a sealing ring groove 11 of the upper cover 1a and is buckled above the soil sample 5 in the middle;
step 1-4: the water permeable rod 8 is erected, the upper end of the water permeable rod is sleeved with the upper backing ring 7a, the upper nut 2a is screwed on, the upper backing ring 7a is abutted against the upper nut 2a, and the starting position of the external thread of the end steel pipe 18 is positioned at the middle height of the upper backing ring 7 a; the lower end of the water permeable rod 8 sequentially passes through the upper cover 1a, the central hole of the soil sample 5 and the lower cover 1, the lower backing ring 7 is sleeved at the lower end, and the lower nut 2 is screwed by a spanner;
step 1-5: the connector 21 is rotated in the edge holes 14 of the upper cover 1a and the lower cover 1, and the outer end part of the connector 21 is a connector b20; the connector b20 and the connector a19 are connected with water pipes with switches, and 4 water pipes are respectively an edge water inlet pipe 22, an edge water outlet pipe 22a, a center water inlet pipe 23 and a center water outlet pipe 23a; the other ends of the edge water outlet pipe 22a and the center water outlet pipe 23a extend into two water collecting bottles respectively, and each water collecting bottle is placed on an electronic balance;
step 1-6: firstly, performing a center seepage experiment: all the water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe switches are opened until no bubbles exist in the water discharged by the two water outlet pipes; closing the switch on the edge water outlet pipe 22a, closing the switch on the central water inlet pipe 23, recording the reading of the electronic balance for 1 time every 5 minutes when no bubbles are discharged in the central water outlet pipe 23a, and recording for 8 hours; closing all the water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe switches;
step 1-7: four-week seepage experiments were performed: all the water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe switches are opened until no bubbles exist in the water discharged by the two water outlet pipes; closing the switch on the central water outlet pipe 23a, closing the switch on the edge water inlet pipe 22, recording the reading of the electronic balance for 1 time every 5 minutes when no bubbles are discharged in the edge water outlet pipe 22a, and recording for 8 hours;
step 1-8: after the experiment is finished, the permeability coefficients corresponding to the central seepage and the peripheral seepage are calculated.
Example two
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that the outer sleeve 3 and the water permeable cartridge 4 are combined into one assembly, see fig. 9. The combination mode is that the two ends of the inner surface of the outer sleeve 3 are respectively coated with 10.0mm wide structural adhesive, the outer sleeve 3 and the water permeable cylinder 4 are bonded into a whole, and the two end surfaces are flush. Accordingly, the experimental procedure was essentially the same as in example one, except that step 2 was changed to:
step 2-2: the filter paper is placed on the inner side of the combination of the outer sleeve 3 and the water permeable cylinder 4, the soil sample 5 is pushed in, the combination and the soil sample 5 are placed on the lower cover 1 together, the filter paper is placed in the hole in the center of the soil sample 5, and the upper gasket 9a is placed in the middle.
Example III
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the outer sleeve 3 is integrally manufactured with the lower cap 1, and the combined schematic view is shown in fig. 10. Thus, the manufacture of the sealing ring groove 11 in the lower cover 1 is omitted, the lower sealing ring 6 is omitted, and the operation is convenient. Accordingly, the experimental procedure was essentially the same as in example one, except that the first 2 steps were changed to:
step 3-1: the support legs 16 of the lower cover 1 are adjusted to enable the lower cover 1 to be in a horizontal state; a lower gasket 9 is arranged in the middle;
step 3-2: the filter paper is placed inside the water permeable cylinder 4, the soil sample 5 is pushed into the water permeable cylinder 4, the soil sample 5 and the filter paper are placed in the hole in the center of the soil sample 5 together with the outer sleeve 3, and the upper gasket 9a is placed in the middle.
The foregoing description of the specific embodiments is provided for the purpose of illustration only and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A radial seepage flow instrument, characterized in that: the main body structure of the radial seepage instrument mainly comprises a water permeable cylinder positioned at the outer side of a circular columnar soil sample, an outer sleeve positioned at the outer side of the water permeable cylinder, two cover bodies positioned at two ends of the soil sample respectively, and a water permeable rod penetrating through a central hole of the soil sample; the water permeable rod within the length range of the soil sample center hole can enable water to circulate inside and outside through the side surface of the water permeable rod, two end parts of the water permeable rod are fixed at the center part of the corresponding cover body, water holes capable of being externally connected with water pipes are formed in two ends of the water permeable rod, and water can flow from one end of the water permeable rod to the other end of the water permeable rod; the edge of each cover body is provided with an edge through hole corresponding to the position of the wall of the water permeable cylinder, and can be externally connected with a water pipe; sealing rings are arranged between the end surfaces of the outer sleeves and the corresponding cover bodies, and the two end parts of the water permeable rod are sealed with the corresponding cover bodies; filter membranes are arranged between the outer side surface of the soil sample and the water permeable cylinder and between the inner side surface of the soil sample and the water permeable rod; the filter membrane is filter paper; the permeable rod consists of a permeable body section in the middle and steel pipe sections at two ends, and the steel pipe sections are provided with external threads; the two cover bodies are provided with central holes, the permeable rod penetrates through the soil sample central holes and the central holes of the two cover bodies, and water holes are formed in the two ends of the permeable rod; the surface of the cover body is provided with a sealing ring groove, a sealing ring is arranged in the sealing ring groove, and the two sealing rings are respectively contacted with the two end surfaces of the outer sleeve; at the end of the water permeable cylinder, the cover body is provided with an annular water collecting tank; the outer end surface of one cover body is provided with three or more than three supporting leg bolt holes, and supporting legs with external threads can be installed; the middle water permeable body and the water permeable cylinder of the water permeable rod are made of sintered copper; the steel pipe at the end part of the permeable rod is made of stainless steel; the outer sleeve and the cover body are made of bronze; the nut is made of stainless steel; after the soil sample is installed in place, gaskets are respectively arranged between two ends of the soil sample and adjacent cover bodies, each gasket is compressed, and water is not permeable between the gasket and the corresponding cover body and between the gasket and the end face of the soil sample.
2. A method of operation using a radial seepage machine as defined in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1: adjusting the support legs of the lower cover to enable the lower cover to be in a horizontal state; a lower gasket is placed in the middle, and a lower sealing ring is placed in a sealing ring groove of the lower cover;
step 2: placing an outer sleeve; the filter paper is placed on the inner side of the water permeable cylinder, the soil sample is pushed into the water permeable cylinder, the soil sample and the filter paper are placed in the hole in the center of the soil sample together with the outer sleeve, and the upper gasket is placed in the middle;
step 3: an upper sealing ring is placed in a sealing ring groove of the upper cover and is buckled above the soil sample in the middle;
step 4: the water permeable rod is erected, the upper end of the water permeable rod is sleeved with an upper backing ring, an upper nut is screwed on the upper backing ring, the upper backing ring is abutted against the upper nut, and the starting position of the external thread of the end steel pipe is located at the middle height of the upper backing ring; the lower end of the water permeable rod sequentially passes through the upper cover, the central hole of the soil sample and the lower cover, a backing ring is sleeved at the lower end, and a lower nut is screwed by a spanner;
step 5: the connector is rotated in the edge holes of the upper cover and the lower cover, and the connector at the outer end part of the connector is the same as the connector at the end part of the water permeable rod; all connectors are connected with water pipes with switches, and 4 water pipes are respectively an edge water inlet pipe, an edge water outlet pipe, a center water inlet pipe and a center water outlet pipe; the other ends of the edge water outlet pipe and the center water outlet pipe extend into two water collecting bottles respectively, and each water collecting bottle is placed on an electronic balance;
if an experiment of seepage to the center is performed, then:
step 6a: all the water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe switches are opened until no bubbles exist in the water discharged by the two water outlet pipes; closing a switch on the edge water outlet pipe, closing a switch on the central water inlet pipe, recording the reading of the electronic balance for 1 time every 5 minutes when no bubbles are discharged in the central water outlet pipe, and recording for 8 hours; closing all the water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe switches;
if an experiment of seepage to the periphery is performed, then:
step 6b: all the water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe switches are opened until no bubbles exist in the water discharged by the two water outlet pipes; closing a switch on the central water outlet pipe, closing a switch on the edge water inlet pipe, recording the reading of the electronic balance for 1 time every 5 minutes when no bubbles are discharged in the edge water outlet pipe, and recording for 8 hours;
in this step, a plurality of transitions may be made between step 6a and step 6 b;
step 7: after the experiment is finished, the permeability coefficients corresponding to the central seepage and the peripheral seepage are calculated.
3. A method of operating a radial seepage apparatus as defined in claim 2, wherein: the outer sleeve and the permeable cylinder are combined into a whole, the two end faces are flush, and accordingly, the method for performing the experimental operation is only required to change the step 2:
step 2: the filter paper is placed on the inner side of the combination of the outer sleeve and the water permeable cylinder, the soil sample is pushed in, the combination and the soil sample are placed on the lower cover together, the filter paper is placed in the hole in the center of the soil sample, and the upper gasket is placed in the middle.
4. A method of operating a radial seepage apparatus as defined in claim 2, wherein: the outer sleeve and the lower cover body are fixed together to form a whole; accordingly, the method for realizing the practical operation only needs to change the first two steps into:
step 1: adjusting the support legs of the lower cover to enable the lower cover to be in a horizontal state; a lower gasket is arranged in the middle;
step 2: the filter paper is placed on the inner side of the water permeable cylinder, the soil sample is pushed into the water permeable cylinder, the soil sample and the filter paper are placed in the hole in the center of the soil sample together with the outer sleeve, and the upper gasket is placed in the middle.
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| CN113029896A (en) * | 2021-02-20 | 2021-06-25 | 中海油能源发展股份有限公司 | Full-diameter visual core radial flow clamping device and method |
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