CN110078564B - Compound microorganism envelope type long-acting saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Compound microorganism envelope type long-acting saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a compound microorganism envelope type long-acting saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The improved fertilizer is prepared from the following materials in parts by weight: coating materials: compound microbial agent: nitrogenous fertilizer: the essential medium and trace elements for plant are mixed according to the proportion of 1:0.001-0.01:0.001-0.01:0.1-0.5: 0.001-0.01. The improved fertilizer can control the salt alkalinity in the medium and heavy saline-alkali soil within a reasonable range, can reduce the pH and the alkalization degree in the soil, remarkably improve the release time of acidic substances, act on the whole growth period of crops, effectively relieve the continuous damage of soil alkali return and salt return to the crops, protect the crops from the salt damage and alkali damage in the whole growth period, improve the yield of the crops, promote the root growth of the crops, strengthen the plants and remarkably enhance multiple functions of disease resistance, drought resistance, lodging resistance and premature ripening.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a compound microorganism envelope type long-acting saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Cultivated land is the foundation and guarantee for human survival, and 18 hundred million mu of red line for firmly keeping cultivated land is an important link of a new food safety strategy in a new situation. The total area of saline-alkali soil in China is about 5.2 hundred million acres, wherein the area of the saline-alkali soil in the tender plain is about 5910 ten thousand acres. The main salt of the inland soda saline-alkali soil is NaHCO3And Na2CO3The pH value of the soil is 8.0-10.2, the serious plot reaches more than 10.5, and the growth of crops is severely restricted due to the characteristics of poor soil structure, high pH value and salt content, lack of fertility and the like. Therefore, the improvement and treatment of the saline-alkali soil of the northeast Songnen plain can provide a large amount of high-quality cultivated land resources for the country, and has great strategic significance on national food safety.
At present, the improvement for treating saline-alkali soil is mainly based on chemical improvement and biological improvement. The chemical improvement method mainly aims at reducing the pH value, the conductivity, the salt content and the like of soil by applying modifiers such as acidic substances, desulfurized gypsum, organic and inorganic fertilizers and the like, and further improves the physicochemical properties of the soil, but the improvement on soil microorganisms and the rhizosphere environment of crops is not obvious. The biological improvement is mainly carried out by planting alkali-resistant plants or applying microbial fertilizer. The improvement mode has low cost and small investment, but has higher requirement on alkali-resistant crops and relatively slower reduction. Related patents are CN101298563A, namely 'soil biological modifier and plant method for heavy soda type saline-alkali soil afforestation'; CN 105623672A' a soda saline-alkali soil improver and a preparation method and application thereof.
The improvement method can achieve the purpose of improvement to a certain extent or within a certain period of time, but the single improvement method is low in cost, the application method is mostly applied to soil once and does not have long-acting performance, and the improvement method can cause the phenomenon of soil salt return due to long growth period of crops, so that the later growth of the crops is seriously influenced, and the crop yield is influenced. Meanwhile, the modifier is easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate, increases the use difficulty and is difficult to popularize in a large area. Therefore, an effective and durable method for improving inland soda saline-alkali soil is needed to be actively explored.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing saline-alkali soil improver is not easy to apply, high in cost, short in action time and the like, and the problems that the quick and long-acting requirements of crops on nutrients are realized through the modes of coating, granulating, improving technology compounding and the like, and provides a compound microorganism coated long-acting saline-alkali soil improving fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a compound microorganism envelope type long-acting saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: coating materials: compound microbial agent: nitrogenous fertilizer: the essential medium and trace elements for plant are mixed according to the proportion of 1:0.001-0.01:0.001-0.01:0.1-0.5: 0.001-0.01.
The saline-alkali soil improvement material comprises the following components in parts by weight: grass carbon: humic acid: the natural minerals are mixed according to the proportion of 1:0.1-0.2:0.5-0.1: 0.1-0.2.
The acid modified material is prepared by soaking biochar or ground phosphate rock in a hydrochloric acid solution for 18-25h for modification treatment, and dissolving the modified biochar or ground phosphate rock in an organic solvent acetone; wherein the volume ratio of the biochar or the phosphate rock powder to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1: 1.5-3.5; modified treated product: the volume ratio of the organic solvent acetone is 1: 2-4;
the natural mineral is one or more of desulfurized gypsum, zeolite or vermiculite.
The coating material consists of a coating substance, an adsorbent and a binder, wherein the coating substance is biomass carbon powder obtained after rice straws are carbonized, and the adsorbent is one or more of montmorillonite powder, attapulgite powder and activated clay; the binder is modified corn starch, wherein the coating material: adsorbent: the adhesive is prepared according to the following steps of 4:1-1.5:1-1.5 weight ratio.
The coating material is rice straws which are naturally dried and then cut, the length of the coating material is less than 3cm, the water content is less than 20 percent, the coating material is carbonized for 2 to 3 hours at the temperature of 400-500 ℃, cooled to the room temperature, ground and sieved by a 60-mesh sieve for standby;
the modified corn starch is prepared by dissolving 50g of corn starch in 100mL of water, adding concentrated sulfuric acid for catalysis under continuous stirring, adding 5g of potassium permanganate solution for oxidation for 1h within 5min, continuously stirring, adding 4g of sodium hydroxide for gelatinization for 20min, adding 1g of borax for crosslinking for 15min, adding a certain amount of water, fully stirring, and cooling.
The compound microbial agent is pseudomonas fluorescens, bacillus megaterium and bacillus circulans, and the volume ratio is 1:1.5-2: 1-1.5. And the microbial bacteria in each gram of the mixed microbial inoculum are not less than 10 hundred million cfu.
The essential medium and trace elements of the plant are as follows: one or more of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, silicon, copper, zinc, manganese, boron and molybdenum; the plant essential medium and trace elements of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, silicon, copper, zinc, manganese, boron and molybdenum in parts by weight are 1:0-0.5:0-0.1:0-0.03:0-0.01:0-0.01:0-0.01:0-0.01: 0-0.005;
the nitrogen fertilizer is one of ammonium sulfate or urea.
A method for preparing a compound microorganism envelope type long-acting saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer,
1) one or more of acid improving materials, grass peat, humic acid and natural minerals are mechanically and uniformly mixed with nitrogen fertilizer and essential medium and trace elements of plants by a stirring pump for 15-20 hours, and then granulated to obtain special fertilizer particles with the particle size of 2-2.8mm for improving the saline-alkali soil;
2) placing the particles into a disc, placing the disc in a coating machine, preheating to 50-70 ℃, rotating the disc under the action of atomized liquid, atomizing the rice straw biomass carbon powder and the binder in a spraying device, spraying the atomized powder on the surface of fertilizer particles, and carrying out ventilation drying until the water content is lower than 15% to obtain a primary coated fertilizer;
3) and (3) coating the surface of the primary coated fertilizer with the compound microbial agent in a dusting and film coating manner to obtain the compound microbial coated long-acting saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following excellent effects:
the improved fertilizer can control the salt alkalinity in the medium and heavy saline-alkali soil within a reasonable range, can reduce the pH and the alkalization degree in the soil, remarkably improve the release time of acidic substances, act on the whole growth period of crops, effectively relieve the continuous damage of soil alkali return and salt return to the crops, protect the crops from the salt damage and alkali damage in the whole growth period, improve the yield of the crops, promote the root growth of the crops, strengthen the plants and remarkably enhance multiple functions of disease resistance, drought resistance, lodging resistance and premature ripening; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. the acid improving material and the coating material in the improved fertilizer are waste materials in the agricultural production process, and the waste materials are decomposed at high temperature under the anoxic condition and ground into powder; the method can solve the problem of agricultural garbage, return the original carbon source of the soil to the soil, and reduce the problem of environmental pollution and greenhouse effect caused by the mass combustion of agricultural straws.
2. The acidic improving material in the improved fertilizer is a substance obtained by treating phosphate rock powder of which the main component is calcium phosphate with acid, and the substance is slowly decomposed after being applied to soil to become water-soluble phosphorus which can be absorbed and utilized by crops. Compared with the material before modification, the material after modification has larger specific surface area, reduces the alkalinity of the material per se, and avoids the change of the structure and the property of the soil after being applied into the soil.
3. The improved fertilizer contains turf, humus and natural minerals, the pH of soil can be reduced, the organic matter content of the soil can be increased, the aggregate structure of the soil can be improved, calcium ions in the natural minerals are used for replacing sodium ions in the saline-alkali soil, the salt damage of the soil can be reduced, and the soil quality can be rapidly improved.
4. The coating material in the improved fertilizer is rice straw biomass carbon powder, so that the problems of treatment and disposal of rice straws and pollution of the coating material can be effectively solved, the soil nutrient condition of inland soda saline-alkali soil can be effectively improved, and the using amount of farmland fertilizers is obviously reduced under the condition of ensuring stable yield of rice, so that the nitrogen nutrient loss and greenhouse gas emission of the rice field soil are greatly reduced.
5. The compound microorganism envelope type saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer has the advantages of good improvement effect, balanced nutrition, and functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution and potassium dissolution, and meanwhile, the effective viable bacteria have the excellent performances of long survival period, high fertilizer efficiency utilization rate, stable product quality and obvious improvement of soil micro-ecological environment, and is a long-acting fertilizer which can achieve the effects of weight reduction and synergism and is green and environment-friendly.
6. The improved fertilizer combines the improved material with the medium and trace elements, can improve alkaline soil and also has the double effects of increasing fertilizer and increasing yield, and simultaneously, the conditioner and the fertilizer are not applied respectively, thereby simplifying agricultural operation procedures, reducing labor intensity and being easy to popularize and use the technology for improving the saline-alkali soil.
7. The improved fertilizer is granulated and coated, so that the problems that the modifier is not easy to spread and the modifier has short action time and is salt-returned at the later stage are solved. Meanwhile, the product has the characteristic of low cost, the cost of the similar chemical improved product can reach 800 yuan/mu, most of the improved materials and coating materials used by the improved fertilizer are agricultural wastes, and the nitrogen fertilizer, the medium and trace elements and the compound microbial agent are added, so that the cost is 500 yuan for 300 yuan because of small application amount, and the purpose of saving the cost is achieved.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
The improved fertilizer can control the salt alkalinity in the medium and heavy saline-alkali soil within a reasonable range, can reduce the pH and the alkalization degree in the soil, remarkably improve the release time of acidic substances, act on the whole growth period of crops, effectively relieve the continuous damage of soil alkali return and salt return to the crops, protect the crops from the salt damage and alkali damage in the whole growth period, improve the yield of the crops, promote the root growth of the crops, strengthen the plants and remarkably enhance multiple functions of disease resistance, drought resistance, lodging resistance and premature ripening.
Example 1:
the compound microorganism enveloped long-acting saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
1) firstly, soaking biochar in a hydrochloric acid solution, wherein the volume ratio of the biochar to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1:3.5, and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.025mol L-1Soaking for 25 hours to obtain an acidic modified material, and then dissolving the acidic modified material in an organic solvent acetone, wherein the acidic modified material: the volume ratio of the organic solvent acetone is 1: 2.
2) according to the weight parts, 100 parts of acidic improving materials, 10 parts of turf, 10 parts of humus, 10 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of urea, 1 part of calcium, 0.5 part of magnesium, 0.01 part of iron, 0.05 part of manganese, 0.01 part of zinc and 0.01 part of silicon are mechanically and uniformly mixed through a stirring pump, the stirring time is 15 hours, the stirring power is 7.5KW, and the mixture is placed on a rolling disc granulator to obtain the special fertilizer granules with the particle size of 2-2.8mm for improving the saline-alkali soil.
3) Placing the particles into a disc, placing the disc in a coating machine for preheating to 70 ℃, rotating the disc under the action of atomized liquid, and mixing the rice straw biomass carbon powder: montmorillonite powder: atomizing the modified corn starch in a spraying device according to the ratio of 4:1:1, spraying the atomized modified corn starch on the surface of fertilizer particles, and carrying out ventilation drying until the water content is lower than 15% to obtain a primary coated fertilizer;
4) uniformly mixing pseudomonas fluorescens, bacillus megaterium and bacillus circulans according to the volume ratio of 1:1.5:1 to obtain a compound microbial agent; uniformly spraying the microbial inoculum on the surface of the primary coated fertilizer particles on a coating machine for coating for 5-8 minutes,
the weight ratio of the primary coated fertilizer to the microbial agent is 80:1, and the compound microbial coated long-acting saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer is obtained.
Example 2:
the compound microorganism enveloped long-acting saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
1) first, phosphorus is addedThe mineral powder is soaked in hydrochloric acid solution, wherein the volume ratio of the phosphate rock powder to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1:1.5, and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.005mol L-1Soaking for 20 hours to obtain an acidic modified material, and then dissolving the acidic modified material in an organic solvent acetone, wherein the acidic modified material: the volume ratio of the organic solvent acetone is 1: 2.
2) according to the weight parts, 100 parts of acidic modified material, 20 parts of turf, 10 parts of humus, 10 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of calcium, 0.5 part of magnesium, 0.02 part of iron, 0.01 part of powdered boron, 0.005 part of molybdenum and 0.01 part of silicon are mechanically and uniformly mixed through a stirring pump, the stirring time is 20 hours, the stirring power is 7.5KW, and the mixture is put on a rolling disc granulator to obtain the special fertilizer granules for improving the saline-alkali soil, and the particle size of the special fertilizer granules is 2-2.8 mm.
3) Placing the particles into a disc, placing the disc in a coating machine for preheating to 70 ℃, rotating the disc under the action of atomized liquid, and mixing the rice straw biomass carbon powder: the attapulgite powder comprises the following components: the modified corn starch is atomized and sprayed on the surface of fertilizer particles in a spraying device according to the ratio of 4:1:1, and the fertilizer particles are subjected to ventilation drying until the water content is lower than 15%, so that the primary coated fertilizer is obtained.
4) Uniformly mixing pseudomonas fluorescens, bacillus megaterium and bacillus circulans according to the weight ratio of 1:2:1 to obtain a compound microbial agent; and uniformly spraying the microbial agent on the surface of the primary coated fertilizer particles on a coating machine for coating, wherein the coating time is 5-8 minutes, and the weight ratio of the primary coated fertilizer to the microbial agent is 90:1, so as to obtain the compound microbial coated long-acting saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer.
Comparison 1:
the coated long-acting saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
1) firstly, soaking biochar in a hydrochloric acid solution, wherein the volume ratio of the biochar to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1:3.5, and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.025mol L-1Soaking for 25 hours to obtain an acidic modified material, and then dissolving the acidic modified material in an organic solvent acetone, wherein the acidic modified material: the volume ratio of the organic solvent acetone is 1: 2.
2) according to the mass parts, 100 parts of acidic modified material, 10 parts of turf, 10 parts of humus, 10 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of urea, 1 part of calcium, 0.5 part of magnesium, 0.01 part of iron, 0.05 part of manganese, 0.01 part of zinc and 0.01 part of silicon are mechanically and uniformly mixed through a stirring pump, the stirring time is 15 hours, the stirring power is 7.5KW, and the mixture is placed on a rolling disc granulator to obtain the special fertilizer granules for improving the saline-alkali soil, and the particle size of the special fertilizer granules is 2-2.8 mm.
3) Placing the particles into a disc, placing the disc in a coating machine for preheating to 70 ℃, rotating the disc under the action of atomized liquid, and mixing the rice straw biomass carbon powder: montmorillonite powder: the modified corn starch is atomized and sprayed on the surface of fertilizer particles in a spraying device according to the ratio of 4:1:1, and the fertilizer particles are subjected to ventilation drying until the water content is lower than 15%, so that the primary coated fertilizer is obtained.
Comparison 2:
the compound microbial saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
1) firstly, the powdered rock phosphate is soaked in hydrochloric acid solution, wherein the volume ratio of the powdered rock phosphate to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1:1.5, and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.005mol L-1Soaking for 20 hours to obtain an acidic modified material, and then dissolving the acidic modified material in an organic solvent acetone, wherein the acidic modified material: the volume ratio of the organic solvent acetone is 1: 2.
2) according to the mass parts, 100 parts of acidic modified material, 20 parts of turf, 10 parts of humus, 10 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of calcium, 0.5 part of magnesium, 0.02 part of iron, 0.01 part of powdered boron, 0.005 part of molybdenum and 0.01 part of silicon are mechanically and uniformly mixed through a stirring pump, the stirring time is 20 hours, and the stirring power is 7.5KW, and the mixture is placed on a rolling disc granulator to obtain the special fertilizer granules for improving the saline-alkali soil, wherein the particle size of the special fertilizer granules is 2-2.8 mm.
3) Uniformly mixing pseudomonas fluorescens, bacillus megaterium and bacillus circulans according to the weight ratio of 1:2:1 to obtain a compound microbial agent; and uniformly spraying the microbial agent on the surface of the primary coated fertilizer particles on a coating machine for coating, wherein the coating time is 5-8 minutes, and the weight ratio of the primary coated fertilizer to the microbial agent is 90:1, so as to obtain the compound microbial coated long-acting saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer.
Application example
The field effect verification of the compound microorganism enveloped long-acting saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer comprises the following steps:
the field effect verification is respectively carried out on the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer obtained by the preparation in 2018 in saline-alkali soil of the Fuyuan county of Jilin province and the Zhaoyuan county of Heilongjiang province, and the test crop is rice. The application method of the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer comprises the steps of broadcasting before rice planting, ploughing and leveling the soil, and then irrigating water and soaking for a day to prepare rice transplanting, wherein 50-100kg of the improvement fertilizer is applied to each mu. The experimental groups were applied with the improved fertilizers obtained in the above examples, and the experimental design and results are shown in table 1 and table 2, respectively, using blank (no application of the improved fertilizer), applied with comparative 1 (no addition of bacteria) or applied with comparative 2 (no addition of coating material) as control groups.
TABLE 1 field test data for saline-alkali land in Fuyu county of Jilin province
TABLE 2 field test data of saline-alkali area of Longjiang county, Heilongjiang province
Note: the degree of alkalization of the soil is 100% of the soil exchangeable sodium/cation exchange capacity
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, after one-season cultivation in the test area, the pH value of the soil is continuously reduced, the pH value is reduced by two units at the highest compared with the blank, the alkalization degree is reduced by 30-60%, the salt return phenomenon does not occur in the later growth stage of crops, the survival rate of transplanted seedlings of rice reaches 95%, the yield increase amplitude of the rice reaches 10-15 times, and the yield increase of the rice is superior to that of the blank products; compared with a comparative product, the fertilizer for improving the rice seedling quality in the embodiment obviously reduces the pH value and the alkalization degree of soil, increases the survival rate of rice seedling transplantation and the crop yield, and has obvious effects on improving the saline-alkali soil and increasing the yield. Wherein, the improved material, the nitrogen fertilizer, the medium and trace elements and the coating process of the improved fertilizer used in the comparative product 1 are completely the same as those of the improved fertilizer in the example 1, only one microbial compound inoculant is different, and the improved material, the nitrogen fertilizer, the medium and trace elements and the microbial compound inoculant of the improved fertilizer of the comparative product 2 are completely the same as those of the improved fertilizer in the example 2, only one coating layer is different, but the improvement effect and the crop yield are greatly different from those of the example; the fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention is added with the microbial compound fungicide and the medium and trace elements required by plant growth, so that a good nutrient environment can be provided for plant growth, the yield is increased, the root growth of crops can be promoted, the plants are strengthened, and multiple functions of disease resistance, drought resistance, lodging resistance and precocity promotion are obviously enhanced; in addition, the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer is subjected to coating treatment, so that the release time of acidic substances of the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer can be prolonged, the pH value of soil is reduced, the effect is prolonged, and crops are protected from being damaged by salt and alkali in the whole growth period. Compared with a comparative product, the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer disclosed by the invention mainly solves the problems of difficulty in application, short action time and the like through granulation, coating, chemical improvement, biological improvement compounding and the like, and simultaneously realizes the quick-acting and long-acting requirements of crops on nutrients.
Claims (4)
1. A compound microorganism envelope type long-acting saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer is characterized in that: the improved fertilizer is a saline-alkali soil improvement material in parts by weight: coating materials: compound microbial agent: nitrogenous fertilizer: mixing the essential medium and trace elements in the ratio of 1:0.001-0.01:0.001-0.01:0.1-0.5: 0.001-0.01;
the saline-alkali soil improvement material is an acidic improvement material in parts by weight: grass carbon: humic acid: mixing natural minerals at a ratio of 1:0.1-0.2:0.5-0.1: 0.1-0.2;
the acid modified material is prepared by soaking biochar or ground phosphate rock in a hydrochloric acid solution for 18-25h for modification treatment, and dissolving the modified biochar or ground phosphate rock in an organic solvent acetone; wherein the volume ratio of the biochar or the phosphate rock powder to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1: 1.5-3.5; modified treated product: the volume ratio of the organic solvent acetone is 1: 2-4;
the coating material consists of a coating substance, an adsorbent and a binder, wherein the coating substance is biomass carbon powder obtained after rice straws are carbonized, and the adsorbent is one or more of montmorillonite powder, attapulgite powder and activated clay; the binder is modified corn starch, wherein the coating material: adsorbent: mixing the binder according to the weight ratio of 4:1-1.5: 1-1.5;
the compound microbial agent is pseudomonas fluorescens, bacillus megaterium and bacillus circulans, and the volume ratio is 1:1.5-2: 1-1.5; the microbial bacteria in each gram of the compound microbial agent are not less than 10 hundred million cfu;
the essential medium and trace elements of the plant are as follows: one or more of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, silicon, copper, zinc, manganese, boron and molybdenum; the plant essential medium and trace elements of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, silicon, copper, zinc, manganese, boron and molybdenum in parts by weight are =1: 0-0.5:0-0.1:0-0.03:0-0.01:0-0.01:0-0.01:0-0.01: 0-0.005;
the nitrogen fertilizer is one of ammonium sulfate or urea.
2. The compound microorganism envelope type long-acting saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the natural mineral is one or more of desulfurized gypsum, zeolite or vermiculite.
3. The compound microorganism envelope type long-acting saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the coating material is formed by cutting rice straws after natural drying, carbonizing the cut rice straws for 2-3 hours at the temperature of 400-500 ℃, cooling the cut rice straws to room temperature, grinding and sieving the cut rice straws for later use; the modified corn starch is obtained by oxidizing and gelatinizing corn starch.
4. A preparation method of the compound microorganism envelope type long-acting saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the acid improving material, the grass peat, the humic acid, the natural minerals, the nitrogen fertilizer and the essential medium and trace elements of the plants are mechanically and uniformly mixed by a stirring pump for 15 to 20 hours, and then granulated to obtain the special fertilizer particles with the particle size of 2 to 2.8mm for improving the saline-alkali soil;
2) placing the particles into a disc, placing the disc in a film coating machine, preheating the disc to 50-70 ℃, rotating the disc under the action of atomized liquid, and mixing the rice straw biomass carbon powder: adhesive: the adsorbent is atomized and sprayed on the surface of fertilizer particles in a spraying device according to the ratio of 4:1-1.5:1-1.5, and the fertilizer particles are subjected to ventilation drying until the water content is lower than 15 percent to obtain a primary coated fertilizer;
3) and (3) coating the surface of the primary coated fertilizer with the compound microbial agent in a dusting and film coating manner to obtain the compound microbial coated long-acting saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer.
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| CN111334302A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-06-26 | 美丽国土（北京）生态环境工程技术研究院有限公司 | Modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver |
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