CN110077194B - Electric automobile based on heat pump technology and thermal management system thereof - Google Patents
Electric automobile based on heat pump technology and thermal management system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110077194B CN110077194B CN201810078769.3A CN201810078769A CN110077194B CN 110077194 B CN110077194 B CN 110077194B CN 201810078769 A CN201810078769 A CN 201810078769A CN 110077194 B CN110077194 B CN 110077194B
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 82
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/04—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant from cooling liquid of the plant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
- H01M10/663—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an electric automobile based on a heat pump technology and a heat management system thereof, which integrate in-automobile environment heat management, power battery heat management and driving motor heat consumption recovery heat management, so that the cooling effect of the in-automobile environment, the driving motor and the power battery is better in summer at high temperature, the energy consumption of the electric automobile is less in winter compared with the traditional electric heating, and the winter endurance mileage of the electric automobile is improved. The invention has the advantages of less needed parts, simple connection relation of all parts in the system, low control requirement on the controller, high control efficiency and more suitability for manual control under the condition of not having a controller control system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric automobile thermal management, and particularly relates to an electric automobile based on a heat pump technology and a thermal management system thereof.
Background
The electric automobile drives the automobile by means of electric energy, has the advantages of zero emission, no pollution, low use cost and the like, is a main way for solving energy crisis and environmental pollution, and is also the direction of automobile development in the future. At present, the electric automobile generally adopts a PTC heater for heating, and the heating mode has low efficiency and high energy consumption, and severely restricts the endurance mileage of the electric automobile.
The traditional electric automobile power battery dissipates heat mainly by air cooling and water cooling, and when the ambient temperature is too high in summer, the air cooling and the water cooling can not completely meet the heat dissipation requirement of the power battery, so that the working efficiency of the power battery is reduced. When the ambient temperature is lower in winter, the output performance of the power battery is deteriorated, and the potential safety hazard of internal short circuit exists in low-temperature charging. At present, an electric automobile generally adopts electric heating to heat a power battery, so that the normal operation of the power battery is ensured, and the heating mode has low efficiency and high energy consumption, and greatly restricts the endurance mileage of the electric automobile.
The driving motor can generate a large amount of heat when in full-load operation, at present, the traditional driving motor thermal management can only cool the driving motor, but can not effectively utilize the heat consumption generated by the operation of the driving motor, and the thermal management of most electric vehicles for refrigerating, heating and driving motor and power batteries is relatively isolated and dispersed, so that the management of vehicle-mounted energy can not be uniformly and efficiently carried out.
In the prior art, the Chinese patent with the bulletin number of CN203721847U proposes a battery pack thermal management system based on an electric automobile heat pump air conditioning system, which realizes the requirements of heat dissipation at high temperature and heating at low temperature of the battery pack, but the thermal management system has single function, only carries out thermal management on the battery pack, and cannot realize comprehensive thermal management of the electric automobile. The Chinese patent with the publication number of CN105216584B provides a 'flash evaporation supercooling air supplementing electric automobile waste heat recovery heat pump type integrated management system', which recovers waste heat of electric automobiles and power battery systems and realizes automatic control of flash evaporation supercooling air supplementing, but the system needs too many parts, so that the connection relation of the system is too complex, the complexity of a controller is increased, and the control efficiency is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electric automobile based on a heat pump technology and a heat management system thereof, which are used for solving the problem that unified and efficient heat management of the electric automobile cannot be performed in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an electric automobile thermal management system based on a heat pump technology, which comprises the following system schemes:
The first system scheme comprises a heat pump air conditioning loop, a power battery heat exchange branch and a driving motor heat exchange branch; the heat pump air conditioning circuit is provided with a compressor (7), the compressor (7) is connected with a first interface (271) of a four-way valve (27), a second interface (272) of the four-way valve (27) is respectively connected with a vehicle interior heat exchanger (10) and a fourth valve (24), the vehicle interior heat exchanger (10) is connected with an expansion valve (6) through a second valve (9), a fourth interface (274) of the four-way valve (27) is connected with an inlet of the compressor (7) through a gas-liquid separator (4), and a third interface (273) of the four-way valve (27) is connected with the expansion valve (6) through a vehicle exterior heat exchanger (2) and a first valve (3); the heat pump air conditioning loop is provided with a first heat exchanger (11), and a first group of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11) are connected to two ends of a branch formed by the indoor heat exchanger (10) and the second valve (9) through a fourth valve (24);
The power battery heat exchange branch comprises a seventh valve (23), a first water tank (22) and a first electronic water pump (21) which are sequentially connected, the power battery heat exchange branch is used for being connected with a heat exchange mechanism of the power battery (12), and a loop is formed between a second group of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11) and the power battery heat exchange branch as well as the heat exchange mechanism of the power battery (12);
The driving motor heat exchange branch is provided with a second heat exchanger (14), a third valve (13), an eighth valve (19), a second water tank (18) and a second electronic water pump (17), wherein a branch formed by sequentially connecting the second heat exchanger (14) with the second valve (19), the second water tank (18) and the second electronic water pump (17) is used for being connected with a heat exchange mechanism of the driving motor (15) to form a loop, one of the first group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14) is connected with a third interface (273) of a four-way valve (27), and the other of the first group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14) is connected with the expansion valve (6) through the third valve (13).
According to a second system scheme, the electric automobile thermal management system further comprises a first radiator connected with a second group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14) on the basis of the first system scheme.
In a third system scheme, based on the second system scheme, the eighth valve (19) is a three-way valve, and the first radiator is connected with the second group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14) through the eighth valve (19).
In a fourth system scheme, a sixth valve (26) is arranged between the first radiator and the eighth valve (19) on the basis of the third system scheme.
The fifth system scheme is characterized in that on the basis of the first system scheme, the electric automobile thermal management system further comprises a second radiator connected with the second group of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11).
In a sixth system scheme, on the basis of the second system scheme, the first radiator is connected with a second group of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11).
The seventh valve (23) is a three-way valve, and the first radiator or the second radiator is connected with the second group of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11) through the seventh valve (23) on the basis of the seventh valve and the sixth valve of the system proposal.
And a fifth valve (25) is arranged between the first radiator and the seventh valve (23) or a fifth valve (25) is arranged between the second radiator and the seventh valve (23) on the basis of the seventh and eighth system schemes respectively.
The system schemes eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen and sixteen are respectively based on the system schemes one, two, three, four, five and six, and the first heat exchanger (11) and the second heat exchanger (14) are plate heat exchangers.
The seventeenth system scheme is characterized by further comprising a filter (8) on the basis of the seventeenth system scheme, wherein the filter (8) is arranged between the compressor (7) and the four-way valve (27).
The eighteenth aspect of the system further includes a first control module (20) based on the first aspect of the system, the first control module (20) including a first temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of the power battery (12), and a first controller connected to the first temperature sensor.
The nineteenth system scheme is based on the eighteenth system scheme, and further comprises a second control module (16), wherein the second control module (16) comprises a second temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the driving motor (15), and a second controller connected with the second temperature sensor.
According to a twenty-system scheme, on the basis of the first-system scheme, one interface in the first group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14) is further connected with the outdoor heat exchanger (2), and the other interface in the first group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14) is further connected with the first valve (3).
According to the twenty-first system scheme, a temperature sensing bag (5) is arranged at the inlet of the compressor (7).
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also provides an electric automobile, which comprises the following automobile schemes:
An automotive solution one includes a thermal management system comprising: the heat pump air conditioner loop, the power battery heat exchange branch and the driving motor heat exchange branch; the heat pump air conditioning circuit is provided with a compressor (7), the compressor (7) is connected with a first interface (271) of a four-way valve (27), a second interface (272) of the four-way valve (27) is respectively connected with a vehicle interior heat exchanger (10) and a fourth valve (24), the vehicle interior heat exchanger (10) is connected with an expansion valve (6) through a second valve (9), a fourth interface (274) of the four-way valve (27) is connected with an inlet of the compressor (7) through a gas-liquid separator (4), and a third interface (273) of the four-way valve (27) is connected with the expansion valve (6) through a vehicle exterior heat exchanger (2) and a first valve (3); the heat pump air conditioning loop is provided with a first heat exchanger (11), and a first group of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11) are connected to two ends of a branch formed by the indoor heat exchanger (10) and the second valve (9) through a fourth valve (24);
The power battery heat exchange branch comprises a seventh valve (23), a first water tank (22) and a first electronic water pump (21) which are sequentially connected, the power battery heat exchange branch is used for being connected with a heat exchange mechanism of the power battery (12), and a loop is formed between a second group of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11) and the power battery heat exchange branch as well as the heat exchange mechanism of the power battery (12);
The driving motor heat exchange branch is provided with a second heat exchanger (14), a third valve (13), an eighth valve (19), a second water tank (18) and a second electronic water pump (17), wherein a branch formed by sequentially connecting the second heat exchanger (14) with the second valve (19), the second water tank (18) and the second electronic water pump (17) is used for being connected with a heat exchange mechanism of the driving motor (15) to form a loop, one of the first group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14) is connected with a third interface (273) of a four-way valve (27), and the other of the first group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14) is connected with the expansion valve (6) through the third valve (13).
In a second aspect of the present invention, based on the first aspect of the present invention, the thermal management system further includes a first radiator connected to a second set of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14).
According to a third automobile scheme, based on the second automobile scheme, the eighth valve (19) is a three-way valve, and the first radiator is connected with the second group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14) through the eighth valve (19).
In the fourth automobile scheme, a sixth valve (26) is arranged between the first radiator and the eighth valve (19) on the basis of the third automobile scheme.
According to a fifth automobile scheme, on the basis of the first automobile scheme, the electric automobile thermal management system further comprises a second radiator connected with the second group of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11).
According to a sixth automobile scheme, on the basis of the second automobile scheme, the first radiator is connected with a second group of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11).
The seventh valve (23) is a three-way valve, and the first radiator or the second radiator is connected with the second group of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11) through the seventh valve (23) on the basis of the fifth and sixth automobile schemes respectively.
According to the automobile schemes nine and ten, on the basis of automobile schemes seven and eight, a fifth valve (25) is arranged between the first radiator and the seventh valve (23), or a fifth valve (25) is arranged between the second radiator and the seventh valve (23).
The automobile schemes eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen and sixteen are respectively based on the automobile schemes one, two, three, four, five and six, and the first heat exchanger (11) and the second heat exchanger (14) are plate heat exchangers.
The seventeenth aspect of the automobile further comprises a filter (8) on the basis of the seventeenth aspect of the automobile, and the filter (8) is arranged between the compressor (7) and the four-way valve (27).
The eighteenth aspect of the automobile further comprises a first control module (20) based on the first aspect of the automobile, wherein the first control module (20) comprises a first temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the power battery (12), and a first controller connected with the first temperature sensor.
The nineteenth aspect of the automobile further comprises a second control module (16) based on the eighteenth aspect of the automobile, wherein the second control module (16) comprises a second temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the driving motor (15), and a second controller connected with the second temperature sensor.
According to a twenty-first automobile scheme, one interface of the first group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14) is further connected with the outdoor heat exchanger (2), and the other interface of the first group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14) is further connected with the first valve (3).
According to the twenty-first automobile scheme, a temperature sensing bag (5) is arranged at the inlet of the compressor (7) on the basis of the twenty-first automobile scheme.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The invention provides a comprehensive thermal management technology based on a heat pump technology, which integrates in-vehicle environment thermal management, power battery thermal management and recovery thermal management of heat consumption of a driving motor. The invention has the advantages of less needed parts, simple connection relation of all parts in the system, low control requirement on the controller, high control efficiency and more suitability for manual control under the condition of not having a controller control system.
Furthermore, the invention can not only combine the water cooling system with the radiator to reduce the heat generation of the driving motor, but also provide a heat source for the whole vehicle when the whole vehicle needs air conditioning heating on the time-consuming recovery heat management of the heat generated by the driving motor, thereby improving the use efficiency of the pure electric energy of the whole vehicle.
Furthermore, when the heat pump technology is used for power battery thermal management, the water cooling system with the radiator is combined, so that the high-temperature cooling effect in summer is better, the energy consumption of the traditional electric heating is less in winter, and the winter endurance mileage of the electric automobile is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an integrated thermal management system for an electric vehicle without a radiator;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an integrated thermal management system for an electric vehicle incorporating a water cooling system for a radiator;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a heating cycle of an in-vehicle environment thermal management system of a pure electric vehicle;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cooling cycle of a power battery of a pure electric vehicle;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a heating cycle of a power battery of a pure electric vehicle;
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of water circulation cooling of a driving motor of the pure electric vehicle;
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of heat utilization of a driving motor of a pure electric vehicle;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a control module architecture for controlling an integrated thermal management system.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention further with reference to the drawings.
The electric automobile thermal management system as shown in fig. 1 comprises a heat pump air conditioning circuit, a power battery heat exchange branch and a driving motor heat exchange branch, and the device specifically comprises: the air conditioner comprises a compressor 7, a four-way valve 27, an outdoor heat exchanger 2, a first valve 3, an expansion valve 6, a second valve 9, an indoor heat exchanger 10, a gas-liquid separator 4, a temperature sensing bulb 5, a fourth valve 24, a first heat exchanger 11, a first electronic water pump 21, a first water tank 22, a seventh valve 23, a third valve 13, a second heat exchanger 14, a second electronic water pump 17, a second water tank 18, an eighth valve 19 and a filter 8.
The heat pump air conditioning circuit is provided with a compressor 7, a four-way valve 27 is arranged on the compressor 7, the compressor 7 is connected with a first interface 271 of the four-way valve 27, a filter 8 is arranged between the compressor 7 and the four-way valve 27, a second interface 272 of the four-way valve 27 is respectively connected with an indoor heat exchanger 10 and a fourth valve 24, the indoor heat exchanger 10 is connected with an expansion valve 6 through a second valve 9, a fourth interface 274 of the four-way valve 27 is connected with an inlet of the compressor 7 through a gas-liquid separator 4, a temperature sensing bulb 5 is arranged at the inlet of the compressor 7, and a third interface 273 of the four-way valve 27 is connected with the expansion valve 6 through an outdoor heat exchanger 2 and a first valve 3; the heat pump air conditioning circuit is provided with a first heat exchanger 11, and a first set of interfaces 111, 112 of the first heat exchanger 11 are connected to two ends of a branch formed by the vehicle interior heat exchanger 10 and the second valve 9 through a fourth valve 24.
The power battery heat exchange branch comprises a seventh valve 23, a first water tank 22 and a first electronic water pump 21 which are sequentially connected, the power battery heat exchange branch is used for being connected with a heat exchange mechanism of the power battery 12, and the second group of interfaces 113 and 114 of the first heat exchanger 11 form a loop with the power battery heat exchange branch and the heat exchange mechanism of the power battery 12.
The driving motor heat exchange branch is provided with a second heat exchanger 14, a third valve 13, an eighth valve 19, a second water tank 18 and a second electronic water pump 17, wherein the branch formed by sequentially connecting the second group of interfaces 143, 144 of the second heat exchanger 14, the eighth valve 19, the second water tank 18 and the second electronic water pump 17 is used for being connected with a heat exchange mechanism of the driving motor 15 to form a loop, one interface 141 of the first group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger 14 is connected with a third interface 273 of the four-way valve 27, and the other interface 142 of the first group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger 14 is connected with the expansion valve 6 through the third valve 13.
Based on the connection structure of the integrated heat management system, the compressor 7, the four-way valve 27, the outdoor heat exchanger 2, the first valve 3, the expansion valve 6, the second valve 9, the indoor heat exchanger 10 and the gas-liquid separator 4 are sequentially connected into a circulation passage through automobile pipelines for refrigerating and heating the environment in the automobile; the expansion valve 6 is a bidirectional thermal expansion valve, and the opening of the expansion valve 6 is controlled by sensing the superheat degree at the outlet of the evaporator through the bulb 5, so that the flow rate of the refrigerant supplied to the evaporator can be regulated in the forward direction or in the reverse direction.
The first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fourth valve, the fifth valve and the sixth valve are preferably electromagnetic valves, and the seventh valve and the eighth valve are preferably three-way valves.
The cycle of the above-mentioned vehicle interior environment heat management is shown in fig. 3, when the temperature in the vehicle interior is lower than 16 ℃ in winter, the vehicle interior environment heat management system is started, the system is in heating working condition, the compressor 7 is started, the first valve 3 and the second valve 9 are opened, the flow direction of the refrigerant is shown by solid arrows in fig. 3, the refrigerant changes the flow direction through the output end of the compressor 7 and the filter 8, and the refrigerant enters the other channel formed by the indoor heat exchanger 10, the second valve 9, the expansion valve 6, the first valve 3, the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 2, the third interface 273 and the fourth interface 274 of the four-way valve 27, and then enters the compressor 7 again, so as to form heating cycle, and the heating of the vehicle interior environment is completed.
In summer, when the temperature in the vehicle interior is higher than 28 ℃, the heat management system in the vehicle interior is started, the system is in a refrigerating working condition, the compressor 7 is started, the first valve 3 and the second valve 9 are opened, the refrigerant flows through a channel formed by the output end of the compressor 7, the filter 8, the first interface 271 and the third interface 273 of the four-way valve 27, the heat exchanger 2 outside the vehicle interior, the first valve 3, the expansion valve 6, the second valve 9, the heat exchanger 10 in the vehicle interior, the second interface 272 and the fourth interface 274 of the four-way valve 27, and then enters the compressor 7 again to form a refrigerating cycle, so that the temperature in the vehicle interior is reduced.
The power battery thermal management system is shown in fig. 4, and comprises a compressor 7, a filter 8, a four-way valve 27, an outdoor heat exchanger 2, a first valve 3, an expansion valve 6, a first heat exchanger 11, a fourth valve 24, a gas-liquid separator 4, a first control module 20, a first electronic water pump 21, a first water tank 22 and a seventh valve 23; the compressor 7, the filter 8, the four-way valve 27, the outdoor heat exchanger 2, the first valve 3, the expansion valve 6, the first heat exchanger 11 and the fourth valve 24 sequentially form an air conditioning system; the power battery 12, the first heat exchanger 11, the seventh valve 23, the first water tank 22 and the first electronic water pump 21 are sequentially connected through pipelines to form a circulation passage to realize cooling and heating of the power battery.
When the first temperature sensor of the first control module 20 detects that the highest temperature of the power battery 12 is higher than 45 ℃ and lower than 60 ℃, the first controller of the first control module 20 controls the first valve 3 and the fourth valve 24 to be opened, the first heat exchanger 11 starts to work, the air conditioning system is in a refrigeration working condition, and the refrigerant flows through the channel formed by the output end of the compressor 7, the filter 8, the first interface 271 and the third interface 273 of the reversing four-way valve 27, the outdoor heat exchanger 2, the first valve 3, the expansion valve 6, the first heat exchanger 11, the fourth valve 24, the second interface 272 and the fourth interface 274 of the four-way valve 27 and enters the compressor 7 again to form a refrigeration cycle, and the first heat exchanger 11 is used as an evaporator at the moment; the fluid medium sequentially passes through the power battery 12, the first heat exchanger 11, the seventh valve 23, the first water tank 22 and the first electronic water pump 21, and the heat of the power battery 12 is output through the first heat exchanger 11.
When the heat pump technology is used for heat management of the power battery, the invention combines a water cooling system with a radiator, as shown in fig. 5, the power battery 12, the radiator 1, the fifth valve 25, the seventh valve 23, the first water tank 22 and the first electronic water pump 21 are sequentially connected through pipelines to form a cycle to realize cooling of the power battery. For example, when the first temperature sensor of the first control module 20 detects that the highest temperature of the power battery 12 is greater than 35 ℃ and less than 45 ℃, the first controller controls the compressor 7 to stop working, controls the fifth valve 25, the radiator 1 and the first electronic water pump 21 to start, and the fluid medium sequentially passes through the power battery 12, the radiator 1, the fifth valve 25, the seventh valve 23, the first water tank 22 and the first electronic water pump 21, and radiates heat of the power battery 12 through the radiator 1; when the highest temperature of the power battery 12 is detected to be lower than 35 ℃, the first controller controls the radiator 1 and the first electronic water pump 21 to stop working, so that the heat of the power battery is naturally cooled.
As shown in fig. 6, when the first temperature sensor of the first control module 20 detects that the lowest temperature of the power battery 12 is less than 0 ℃, the first controller connected with the first temperature sensor is collected to control the compressor 7, the first valve 3 and the fourth valve 24 to be opened, the air conditioning system is in a heating working condition, the refrigerant flows through the channel formed by the output end of the compressor 7, the filter 8, the first interface 271 and the second interface 272 of the four-way valve 27, the fourth valve 24, the first heat exchanger 11, the expansion valve 6, the first valve 3, the outdoor heat exchanger 2, the channel formed by the third interface 273 and the fourth interface 274 of the four-way valve 27, and then enters the compressor 7 again to form a heating cycle, and the first heat exchanger 11 is used as a condenser; the fluid medium sequentially passes through the power battery 12, the first heat exchanger 11, the seventh valve 23, the first water tank 22 and the first electronic water pump 21, and the fluid medium is heated by the first heat exchanger 11 so as to heat the power battery 12; in the heating process, when the first control module detects that the lowest temperature is higher than 0 ℃, the compressor 7 and the first electronic water pump 21 are turned off, the power battery 12 starts to charge, and the temperature of the power battery 12 is continuously increased by heat generated by charging, so that the power battery 12 is in an optimal working temperature range.
Based on the connection structure of the integrated heat pipe system, the motor heat management system of the invention comprises: the air conditioner comprises a compressor 7, a filter 8, a four-way valve 27, a second heat exchanger 14, a third valve 13, an expansion valve 6, a second valve 9, an in-vehicle heat exchanger 10, an eighth valve 23, a second water tank 18, a second electronic water pump 17, a second control module 16 and a radiator 1.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, the compressor 7, the filter 8, the four-way valve 27, the second heat exchanger 14, the third valve 13, the expansion valve 6, the second valve 9, and the in-vehicle heat exchanger 10 sequentially form a one-way air conditioning system. The driving motor 15, the second heat exchanger 14, the eighth valve 23, the second water tank 18 and the second electronic water pump 17 are sequentially connected to form a circulation path, so that the heat consumption generated by the operation of the driving motor 15 is effectively utilized. For example, when the second temperature sensor of the second control module 16 detects that the highest temperature of the driving motor 15 is greater than 30 ℃ and less than 50 ℃, the second controller of the second control module 16 controls the second electronic water pump 17 to be turned on, and the fluid medium performs water cooling of the driving motor through the driving motor 15, the radiator 1, the sixth valve 26, the second water tank 18 and the second electronic water pump 17; when the temperature of the driving motor is detected to be less than 30 ℃, the second controller controls the second electronic water pump to stop working.
As shown in fig. 8, when the temperature of the environment in the vehicle interior is less than 16 ℃ and warm air is needed, and when the second temperature sensor of the second control module 16 detects that the temperature of the driving motor 15 is higher than the ambient temperature, the second controller 29 connected with the second temperature sensor is collected to control the compressor 7, the second valve 9, the third valve 13 and the second electronic water pump 17 to be opened, the refrigerant flows through the output end of the compressor 7, the filter 6, the channel formed by the first interface 271 and the second interface 272 of the four-way valve 27, the channel formed by the heat exchanger 10 in the vehicle interior, the second valve 9, the expansion valve 6, the third valve 13, the second heat exchanger 14, the third interface 273 and the fourth interface 274 of the four-way valve 27, and then enters the compressor 7 again to form a heating cycle, and the air in the vehicle interior is heated, and at this time, the second heat exchanger 14 is used as an evaporator; the fluid medium sequentially passes through the driving motor 15, the second heat exchanger 14, the eighth valve 19, the second water tank 18 and the second electronic water pump 17, so that the heat consumption of the driving motor 15 is effectively utilized to improve the heating performance of the air conditioning system.
The heat exchanger in the vehicle cabin and the first heat exchanger are used as an evaporator during refrigeration and used as a condenser during heating; the second heat exchanger of the present invention is used as an evaporator when heating.
When the heat pump technology is used for power battery thermal management, the water cooling system with the radiator is combined, so that the high-temperature cooling effect in summer is better, the energy consumption in winter is less compared with that in the traditional electric heating, and the winter endurance mileage of the electric automobile is improved.
In addition, the motor thermal management system and the power battery thermal management system in this embodiment use the same radiator, and the integrated thermal management system of the water cooling system sharing one radiator is shown in fig. 2. In order to ensure the heat dissipation effect, the motor heat management system and the power battery heat management system can also adopt different radiators to conduct independent heat dissipation management, namely, the second heat exchanger adopts a first radiator, and the first heat exchanger adopts a second radiator.
Aiming at the defects that the PTC heater of the electric automobile in winter has low efficiency and high energy consumption, the driving motor and the battery of the electric automobile have low running efficiency at high temperature and in low temperature environment, and the heat consumption generated by the driving motor in working cannot be effectively utilized, and the problem that the integrated heat management of the electric automobile cannot be uniformly and efficiently carried out in the prior art, the invention provides the heat management system, which integrates the heat management of the environment in the automobile, the heat management of the power battery and the heat management of the driving motor, has fewer needed parts, has simple connection relation of all parts in the system, has lower control requirement on a controller and high control efficiency, and is more suitable for manual control under the condition of not having a controller control system.
The present invention also proposes an automobile with a thermal management system, which will not be described in detail since it has been described in the above embodiments with sufficient clarity.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (18)
1. The electric automobile heat management system based on the heat pump technology is characterized by comprising a heat pump air conditioning loop, a power battery heat exchange branch and a driving motor heat exchange branch; the heat pump air conditioning circuit is provided with a compressor (7), the compressor (7) is connected with a first interface (271) of a four-way valve (27), a second interface (272) of the four-way valve (27) is respectively connected with a vehicle interior heat exchanger (10) and a fourth valve (24), the vehicle interior heat exchanger (10) is connected with an expansion valve (6) through a second valve (9), a fourth interface (274) of the four-way valve (27) is connected with an inlet of the compressor (7) through a gas-liquid separator (4), and a third interface (273) of the four-way valve (27) is connected with the expansion valve (6) through a vehicle exterior heat exchanger (2) and a first valve (3); the heat pump air conditioning loop is provided with a first heat exchanger (11), and a first group of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11) are connected to two ends of a branch formed by the indoor heat exchanger (10) and the second valve (9) through a fourth valve (24); the power battery heat exchange branch comprises a seventh valve (23), a first water tank (22) and a first electronic water pump (21) which are sequentially connected, the power battery heat exchange branch is used for being connected with a heat exchange mechanism of the power battery (12), and a loop is formed between a second group of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11) and the power battery heat exchange branch as well as the heat exchange mechanism of the power battery (12); the driving motor heat exchange branch is provided with a second heat exchanger (14), a third valve (13), an eighth valve (19), a second water tank (18) and a second electronic water pump (17), wherein a branch formed by sequentially connecting the second group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14), the eighth valve (19), the second water tank (18) and the second electronic water pump (17) is used for being connected with a heat exchange mechanism of the driving motor (15) to form a loop, one interface of the first group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14) is connected with a third interface (273) of a four-way valve (27), and the other interface of the first group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14) is connected with the expansion valve (6) through the third valve (13); the heat exchanger also comprises a first radiator (1) connected with the second group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14), the eighth valve (19) is a three-way valve, and the first radiator is connected with the second group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14) through the eighth valve (19); the first radiator (1) is also connected with a second group of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11), the seventh valve (23) is a three-way valve, and the first radiator (1) is connected with the second group of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11) through the seventh valve (23);
The system further comprises a first control module (20) and a second control module (16), wherein the first control module (20) comprises a first temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the power battery (12), and a first controller connected with the first temperature sensor, the second control module (16) comprises a second temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the driving motor (15), and a second controller connected with the second temperature sensor, the first controller is used for controlling the compressor (7) to stop working when the first temperature sensor detects that the highest temperature of the power battery (12) is higher than 35 ℃ and lower than 45 ℃, controlling the first radiator (1) and the first electronic water pump (21) to start, and controlling the first radiator (1) and the first electronic water pump (21) to stop working when the highest temperature of the power battery (12) is lower than 35 ℃, and the second controller is used for controlling the second electronic water pump (17) to start when the second temperature sensor detects that the highest temperature of the driving motor (15) is higher than 30 ℃ and lower than 50 ℃, and controlling the fluid medium to pass through the driving motor (15), the first radiator (1) and the second electronic water pump (17) to perform water cooling on the driving of the first radiator (18); and when the temperature of the driving motor (15) is detected to be less than 30 ℃, the second electronic water pump (17) is controlled to stop working.
2. The heat pump technology based electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that a sixth valve (26) is arranged between the first radiator and the eighth valve (19).
3. The heat pump technology based electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, further comprising a second heat sink connecting the second set of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11).
4. A heat pump technology based electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 3, characterized in that the second radiator is connected to the second set of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11) through a seventh valve (23).
5. The heat pump technology-based electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 4, wherein a fifth valve (25) is provided between the first radiator and the seventh valve (23), or a fifth valve (25) is provided between the second radiator and the seventh valve (23).
6. A heat pump technology based electric vehicle thermal management system according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the first heat exchanger (11) and the second heat exchanger (14) are both plate heat exchangers.
7. The heat pump technology based electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, further comprising a filter (8), the filter (8) being disposed between the compressor (7) and the four-way valve (27).
8. The heat pump technology based electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the first set of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14) is further connected to the external vehicle heat exchanger (2), and the other of the first set of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14) is further connected to the first valve (3).
9. The heat pump technology-based electric automobile thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein a temperature sensing bulb (5) is arranged at the inlet of the compressor (7).
10. An electric automobile comprises a thermal management system, and is characterized in that the thermal management system comprises a heat pump air conditioning loop, a power battery heat exchange branch and a driving motor heat exchange branch; the heat pump air conditioning circuit is provided with a compressor (7), the compressor (7) is connected with a first interface (271) of a four-way valve (27), a second interface (272) of the four-way valve (27) is respectively connected with a vehicle interior heat exchanger (10) and a fourth valve (24), the vehicle interior heat exchanger (10) is connected with an expansion valve (6) through a second valve (9), a fourth interface (274) of the four-way valve (27) is connected with an inlet of the compressor (7) through a gas-liquid separator (4), and a third interface (273) of the four-way valve (27) is connected with the expansion valve (6) through a vehicle exterior heat exchanger (2) and a first valve (3); the heat pump air conditioning loop is provided with a first heat exchanger (11), and a first group of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11) are connected to two ends of a branch formed by the indoor heat exchanger (10) and the second valve (9) through a fourth valve (24);
The power battery heat exchange branch comprises a seventh valve (23), a first water tank (22) and a first electronic water pump (21) which are sequentially connected, the power battery heat exchange branch is used for being connected with a heat exchange mechanism of the power battery (12), and a loop is formed between a second group of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11) and the power battery heat exchange branch as well as the heat exchange mechanism of the power battery (12); the driving motor heat exchange branch is provided with a second heat exchanger (14), a third valve (13), an eighth valve (19), a second water tank (18) and a second electronic water pump (17), wherein a branch formed by sequentially connecting the second group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14), the eighth valve (19), the second water tank (18) and the second electronic water pump (17) is used for being connected with a heat exchange mechanism of the driving motor (15) to form a loop, one interface of the first group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14) is connected with a third interface (273) of a four-way valve (27), and the other interface of the first group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14) is connected with the expansion valve (6) through the third valve (13); the heat exchanger also comprises a first radiator (1) connected with the second group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14), the eighth valve (19) is a three-way valve, and the first radiator is connected with the second group of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14) through the eighth valve (19); the first radiator (1) is also connected with a second group of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11), the seventh valve (23) is a three-way valve, and the first radiator (1) is connected with the second group of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11) through the seventh valve (23);
The system further comprises a first control module (20) and a second control module (16), wherein the first control module (20) comprises a first temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the power battery (12), and a first controller connected with the first temperature sensor, the second control module (16) comprises a second temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the driving motor (15), and a second controller connected with the second temperature sensor, the first controller is used for controlling the compressor (7) to stop working when the first temperature sensor detects that the highest temperature of the power battery (12) is higher than 35 ℃ and lower than 45 ℃, controlling the first radiator (1) and the first electronic water pump (21) to start, and controlling the first radiator (1) and the first electronic water pump (21) to stop working when the highest temperature of the power battery (12) is lower than 35 ℃, and the second controller is used for controlling the second electronic water pump (17) to start when the second temperature sensor detects that the highest temperature of the driving motor (15) is higher than 30 ℃ and lower than 50 ℃, and controlling the fluid medium to pass through the driving motor (15), the first radiator (1) and the second electronic water pump (17) to perform water cooling on the driving of the first radiator (18); and when the temperature of the driving motor (15) is detected to be less than 30 ℃, the second electronic water pump (17) is controlled to stop working.
11. The electric vehicle according to claim 10, characterized in that a sixth valve (26) is arranged between the first radiator and the eighth valve (19).
12. The electric vehicle of claim 10, characterized in that the electric vehicle thermal management system further comprises a second radiator connecting a second set of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11).
13. The electric vehicle according to claim 12, characterized in that the second radiator is connected to the second set of interfaces of the first heat exchanger (11) through a seventh valve (23).
14. The electric vehicle according to claim 13, characterized in that a fifth valve (25) is arranged between the first radiator and the seventh valve (23), or a fifth valve (25) is arranged between the second radiator and the seventh valve (23).
15. The electric vehicle according to any of the claims 10-12, characterized in that the first heat exchanger (11) and the second heat exchanger (14) are both plate heat exchangers.
16. The electric vehicle of claim 10, characterized by further comprising a filter (8), the filter (8) being disposed between the compressor (7) and the four-way valve (27).
17. The electric vehicle according to claim 10, characterized in that one of the interfaces of the first set of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14) is further connected to the external vehicle heat exchanger (2), and the other of the interfaces of the first set of interfaces of the second heat exchanger (14) is further connected to the first valve (3).
18. Electric vehicle according to claim 10, characterized in that a bulb (5) is provided at the inlet of the compressor (7).
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