CN110063019A - With the rotating electric machine for improving performance - Google Patents

With the rotating electric machine for improving performance Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110063019A
CN110063019A CN201780071230.9A CN201780071230A CN110063019A CN 110063019 A CN110063019 A CN 110063019A CN 201780071230 A CN201780071230 A CN 201780071230A CN 110063019 A CN110063019 A CN 110063019A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
electric machine
rotating electric
axis
machine according
rotor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201780071230.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
M.拉科托瓦奥
P-S.法拉
F.帕莱谢
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Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
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Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
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Publication of CN110063019A publication Critical patent/CN110063019A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/0085Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for high speeds, e.g. above nominal speed
    • H02P21/0089Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for high speeds, e.g. above nominal speed using field weakening
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2207/00Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
    • H02P2207/05Synchronous machines, e.g. with permanent magnets or DC excitation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

The invention mainly relates to a kind of rotating electric machine (7), it is arranged at least run in a motor mode, especially it is used for the electric turbocharger (1) of motor vehicles, comprising: stator (9) has the winding equipped with multiple electric phases;Rotor (10) with permanent magnet;The significance ratio of the rotating electric machine (7) is equal to the inductance in quadrature axis divided by the inductance in d-axis;Inverter, for rotating electric machine described in electric control, it is characterised in that: the rotating electric machine (7) is arranged so that significance ratio is greater than 1.2, particularly greater than or equal to 1.5 or more, such as between 1.5 and 3;Inverter is configured to generate negative current in the d-axis in the electric phase of stator (9), to reduce the magnetic flux in d-axis, to generate positive reluctance torque.

Description

With the rotating electric machine for improving performance
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rotors with the rotating electric machine for improving performance.
Background technique
In known manner, rotating electric machine includes stator and the rotor with axis one.Rotor can with drive shaft and/or from Moving axis is integrally formed, and may belong to the rotating electric machine of alternating current generator, motor or reversible machine version, can be two It is operated under kind mode.
Stator assembles in the housing, which is configured to for example rotate axis by bearing.Stator includes by formation bizet Metal sheet stack the main body constituted, inner surface, which is provided with, leads to internal recess, to receive phase winding.In distribution In waveform winding, the winding such as continuous lines by being covered with enamel paint or the pin form by being connected to each other by welding are led Electric device obtains.Alternatively, in " concentric " type winding, phase winding is made of the coil of Self-Closing, and coil is wrapped in fixed On the tooth of son.These windings are polyphase windings, they are connected in the form of star or triangle or star-delta, output end It is connected to control electronic device.The system can be double three-phases.
In addition, rotor includes stacking the main body formed by metal sheet, the metal sheet passes through fixed system appropriate It is kept in the form of one group.Rotor includes the pole formed by permanent magnet, and permanent magnet is contained in the chamber being arranged in rotor subject.
Known rotating electric machine is connected to the axis of motor compressor.The motor compressor allows at least partly compensate tool There is the power loss of the Thermal Motor of the cubic content of reduction, reduced cubic content is for reducing pollution in many vehicles The consumption and discharge (so-called reduction dimensioning principles) of composition granule.
For this purpose, the electric turbocharger being arranged in the air inlet pipe of Thermal Motor upstream includes turbine, so as to energy Enough compressed airs, to optimize the filling of the cylinder of Thermal Motor.Start motor to drive turbine with very high speed Machine during the brief period especially when accelerating, or has been placed into heat engine standby to minimize the torque response time The stage (stop and start to operate) being restarted automatically after state.
It should be kept in mind that the electromagnetism conspicuousness (salience) of rotating electric machine is by the inductance and quadrature axis (Lq) on d-axis (Ld) Inductance between existing ratio limit.In order to generate best electromagnetic torque, it is known that positive current must be injected along quadrature axis (axis Q) Armature, to generate the electric current relative to the magnetic flux orthogonal generated by inductor.
In the case that permanent magnet is wherein with the rotating electric machine of high rotation speed rotation (especially more than 10000rpm) (such as The case where turbocharger, is such), it is generated on quadrature axis (axis Q) by the permanent magnet of rotor along the magnetic flux that d-axis (axis D) generates Counter electromotive force, to prevent positive current from effectively transmitting along quadrature axis, to generate best torque.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is effectively meeting the requirement by proposing a kind of rotating electric machine, which is designed to It is at least run with electric motor mode, is especially used for the electric turbocharger of motor vehicles, comprising:
Stator comprising be provided with the winding of multiple electric phases;
Rotor with permanent magnet;
The significant property coefficient of the rotating electric machine is equal to the inductance in quadrature axis divided by the inductance on d-axis;
Inverter is used for rotating electric machine described in electric control,
It is characterized by:
The rotary motor configuration is greater than 1.2, particularly equal to 1.5 or more, such as 1.5 at making significant property coefficient And between 3;
Inverter is configured to generate negative current on the d-axis in the electric phase of stator, to reduce the magnetic flux on d-axis, from And generate positive reluctance torque.
Therefore, the present invention can increase the inductance in quadrature axis, this allows to increase the magnetic flux in quadrature axis, enhance simultaneously The torque that motor generates.Therefore, the invention enables can carry out magnetic flux to motor in the case where not damaging its high speed performance (deflux)。
According to an embodiment, permanent magnet has diametrical magnetization, wherein given permanent magnet has orthogonal radial direction (orthoradial) parallel to each other two face being orientated is magnetized, so as to according to the axis diameter relative to rotating electric machine To orientation generate magnetic flux.
According to an embodiment, inverter is configured to provide for having the full-wave type of variable openings angle to control.This allows to Reduce the magnetic field on d-axis, and reduce the acoustic noise generated by the radial component of magnetic flux, is produced without reducing by machine Raw torque.
According to an embodiment, opening angle is between 70 ° and 150 °.
According to an embodiment, the rotary motor configuration is the opening controlled according to the velocity adaptive of motor in all-wave Advancing angle (angle of advance).This allows to obtain the negative current for being suitable for machine speed on d-axis, to reduce Magnetic noise, while keeping the optimum performance for degrading seldom or not degrading at all.
According to an embodiment, the advancing angle of opening is between 60 ° and 100 °.
The electrical angle between voltage that advancing angle applies by the no-load electromotive force of phase and at its terminal limits.
According to an embodiment, stator includes at least three electric phases.As modification, stator includes the winding of double three-phase types, Or more generally, the winding of multiphase type, the phase with any quantity N.
According to an embodiment, three electricity are mutually coupled in the form of triangle.Triangle connection allows to using smaller Diameter of wire and bigger the number of turns, this is more easily adjusted at low voltage.As modification, connection can be star-like connection.
According to an embodiment, permanent magnet is Embedded.
According to an embodiment, rotor includes multiple chambers, and each chamber accommodates at least one permanent magnet, the adjacent chamber of two of them Arm by belonging to rotor subject separates, the thickness of the arm especially 2mm or more.For example, the thickness of arm is 2 between 3.6mm.
According to an embodiment, the thickness of arm divided by the ratio between the thickness of permanent magnet between 0.5 and 1.2.This makes The machine with the significant property coefficient for the application optimization can be obtained.
According to an embodiment, rotor has surface magnet, and is included in two adjacent magnets made of magnetic material Between interelectrode space.
According to an embodiment, machine is configured to rotate with 10000 to 100000rpm maximum speed.
According to an embodiment, the outer diameter of rotor is between 20 and 35mm, and preferably about 30mm.
Detailed description of the invention
By reading the attached drawing for being described below and checking with it, it is better understood with the present invention.These figures be purely for Explanation and provide, do not limit the invention in any way.
Fig. 1 be include rotating electric machine according to the present invention turbocharger viewgraph of cross-section;
Fig. 2 a and 2b are the perspective view and viewgraph of cross-section of the rotor of rotating electric machine according to the present invention respectively;
Fig. 3 is the perspective view of the stator of rotating electric machine according to the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram for controlling the inverter of phase of rotating electric machine according to the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the rotation angle according to rotor, the state of the switch element of inverter and the phase for controlling full-wave type The diagram of voltage;
Fig. 6 is the diagram of the configuration of the electric current in the specifically shown reference point formed by d-axis and quadrature axis;
Fig. 7 is to illustrate that the time of the advancing angle between the no-load electromotive force of phase and the voltage applied at its terminal illustrates.
Identical, similar or similar element keeps identical appended drawing reference in each figure.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the motor compressor 1 of the turbine 2 including being provided with fin 3, and fin 3 can be inhaled by input terminal 4 Enter the uncompressed air obtained from air-source (not shown), and passes through output after entering the spiral case with appended drawing reference 6 5 conveying compressed air of end.Output end 5 may be coupled to air inlet distributor (not shown), to optimize the cylinder of Thermal Motor Filling.
In this case, air in axial direction i.e. be inhaled into along the axis of turbine 2, and convey perpendicular to The progress in the radial direction of the axis of turbine 2.As modification, sucking is radial, and it is axial for conveying.Alternatively, Sucking and conveying carry out (axially or radially) on the same direction relative to turbine axis.
For this purpose, turbine 2 is driven by the motor 7 being assemblied in shell 8.The motor 7 includes stator 9, and stator 9 can be more Phase, rotor 10 is surrounded there are air gap.The stator 9 is assemblied in shell 8, and shell 8 is configured to through bearing 14 Rotate axis 11.Axis 11 is rotatably coupled to turbine 2 and rotor 10.Stator 9 is preferably assemblied in shell 8 by binding.
Motor 7 has the short response time less than 300ms, so as to from 0 to 70000rpm.It preferably, the use of voltage is 12V Or 48V, and steady-state current is about 150A to 260A.Preferably, motor 7 can provide between 150A and 800A especially Current spike between 180A and 220A, i.e., the electric current conveyed within the continuous duration less than 3 seconds.
More specifically, as shown in Figure 2 a, the rotor 10 with rotation axis X corresponding with machine axis has permanent magnet. Rotor subject 17 is the one group of metal plate formed by metal plate axially stacked each other.The rotor subject 17 is by ferromagnetic material system At.Metal plate is kept by fixing device, such as rivet 18, from side axially across rotor subject 17 to the other side.Rotor master Body 17 can be rotatably coupled to axis 11 in different ways, such as by forcing center of the rib shape axis 11 in rotor subject 17 to be opened Inside mouth 20, or pass through keying device.
The internal diameter D1 e.g., about 10mm of rotor subject 17, outer diameter D 2 is between 20mm and 35mm, preferably about 30mm.This Outside, the outer diameter of stator 9 is between 35mm and 80mm, especially between 45mm and 55mm, such as between 48mm and 52mm.
The rotor 10 of " embedded magnet " type includes multiple chambers 22, and each chamber is designed to receive at least one permanent magnet 23.Two adjacent chambers 22 are separated by the arm 26 for belonging to the main body of rotor 10.As shown in Figure 2 b, the edge of each arm 26 is relative to axis The thickness E measured on the orthogonal radial direction line X is 2mm or more.For example, the thickness E of arm 26 is between 2 and 3.6mm.
Preferably, the thickness E of arm 26 divided by the ratio between the thickness of magnet 23 between 0.5 and 1.2.This allows to Obtain the machine with the significant property coefficient for the application optimization.
In the current situation, two magnets 23 of each chamber 22 are axially stacked.Permanent magnet 23 has rectangular parallelepiped protrusion part Shape, angle can be inclined.Magnet 23 has diametrical magnetization, that is, has orthogonal radial oriented parallel to each other two Face is magnetized, so as to generate magnetic flux according to the orientation relative to axis X radial direction.
It can be clearly seen that wherein letter N and S corresponds respectively to north and south poles from Fig. 2 b, two companies will be located at Magnet 23 in continuous chamber 22 has alternate polarity.
Magnet 23 is preferably made of rare earth, so as to the magnetic power of maximum machine.However, as modification, they can be with It is made of ferrite, application and power needed for this depends on motor.The thickness of magnet 23 especially can be 3 between 4mm.Chamber 22 quantity is preferably equal to 4.However, the quantity of chamber 22 and corresponding magnet 23 can be increased according to application.
Rotor subject 17 may also include two holding flange (not shown), be located at the two sides of the axial end face of rotor 10. These keep flange to ensure the axially retaining in chamber 22 of magnet 23, and are also used to balance rotor 10.Flange is by non magnetic material Material is made, such as made of aluminum.
In addition, as shown in figure 3, stator 9 includes main body 29 and winding 30.Stator body 29 has ring-shaped cylinder shape, Axis Y is designed to be overlapped when stator 9 is assemblied in 7 inside of motor with axis X.Stator body 29 includes being kept by rivet 33 Axially stacked flat metal plate.
More specifically, main body 29 includes the tooth 35 being angularly distributed around the inner periphery rule of yoke 36.These teeth 35 limit Recess 37 is determined, so that each recess 37 is limited by two continuous teeth 35.Therefore, yoke 36 corresponds to the solid external ring of main body 29 Shape part extends between the base portion of recess 37 and the periphery of stator body 29.Recess 37 is axially opening into the axis of main body 29 To end face.Recess 37 also radially leads to the inner cylinder face of main body 29.
In order to form the winding 30 of stator 9, multiple coils 40 (being in this case six) are wrapped in the tooth 35 of stator 9 On.Protection between stator body 29 and the conducting wire of coil 40 is by the insulator 41 of paper type or by overmolded by moulding Material is ensured by additional component.Since winding 30 is three facies patterns, every phase is formed by two coils 40.
As shown in figure 4, phase PH1, PH2, PH3 of motor 7 are connected in the form of triangle.Corresponding to two-phase PH1, PH2, Mutually output u, v, w of node between PH3 are connected to inverter 44.
Inverter 44 has arm B1, B2, B3.Each arm B1, B2, B3 include first switching element K1, K2, K3, are connect at it When logical will mutually output u, v, w be connected to supply voltage B+ (so-called high side element) and second switch element K1', K2', This is mutually exported u, v, w in its connection and is connected to ground M (so-called downside element) by K3'.Switch element K1, K2, K3, K1', K2', K3' generally use the form of the power transistor of MOSFET type.
Fig. 5, which is shown, to be controlled during the operation under the electric motor mode of rotating electric machine by the all-wave that inverter 44 generates. According to the control, control unit alternately controls high-side transistor K1, K2, K3 and downside crystalline substance of arm B1, B2, B3 of inverter 44 Body pipe K1', K2', K3', to be more than that first angle switching threshold (value is 0 (360 ° of modulus)) or second angle are cut when Angle Position Mutually output u, v, w is connected to supply voltage B+ or is connected to ground M when changing threshold value (value is 120 °).In other words, transistor K1, The opening angle AO of K2, K3, K1', K2', K3' are 120 °, but as modification, be can be different, as described below.It obtains Correspondence phase voltage there is the reference value UPh1 of the voltage measured between potential U and V, the voltage that measures between potential V and W UPH2 and the voltage measured between potential W and U UPh3.
As shown in fig. 6, the significant property coefficient of rotating electric machine 7 is equal to the inductance on quadrature axis Lq divided by the electricity directly accessed on Ld Sense.Motor 7 is arranged so that significant property coefficient is greater than 1.2, particularly equal to 1.5 or more, such as between 1.5 and 3.
Inverter 44 is configured to the electric phase PH1 in stator 9;Negative current is generated on d-axis ID in PH2, PH3, it is straight to reduce AxisOn magnetic flux, to generate positive reluctance torque.For this purpose, inverter 44 is configured to open with variable between 70 ° and 150 ° Bicker degree AO executes full-wave type control.
In addition, the advancing angle AA of the opening controlled according to the velocity adaptive of motor in all-wave.Advancing angle AA is by phase The electrical angle between voltage applied at no-load electromotive force (fem) He Qi terminal limits.In Fig. 7, for example, advancing angle AA is indicated between the no-load electromotive force with the phase PH1 with reference to FemPH1 and the voltage UPH1 measured between potential U and V.
Advancing angle AA is between 60 ° and 100 °.Therefore, at 10000rpm, about 60 ° of advancing angle AA be it is enough, But become 80 ° more than 40000rpm, advancing angle AA, and for the speed of 70000rpm, reach 100 °.Before 100 ° When into angle AA, performance be will be greatly reduced.This allows to obtain negative current on axis D, is adapted to according to the speed of machine, To reduce magnetic noise, while keeping the optimum performance for degrading seldom or not degrading at all.
As modification, rotor 10 has surface magnet 23, and is included in two adjacent magnets made of magnetic material Interelectrode space between 23.
As modification, phase PH1, PH2, PH3 can be connected in the form of star-shaped.
As modification, stator 9 includes the winding 30 of double three-phase types.
As modification, winding 30 can be distributed wavy type, and wherein winding is for example by being covered with continuously leading for enamel paint Line obtains, or is obtained by the conducting element of " U "-shaped pin-shaped formula, and free end is connected to each other by welding.
It should be appreciated that the description of front is provided as example, it does not limit the scope of the invention, by any Other equivalents replace different elements and do not constitute deviation to it.
In addition, different characteristic of the invention, modification and/or embodiment can be relative to each other according to various combinations, as long as it Be not incompatible or mutually exclusive.

Claims (13)

1. a kind of rotating electric machine (7) is designed at least run in a motor mode, especially for the electronic of motor vehicles Turbocharger (1), comprising:
Stator (9) comprising be provided with the winding (30) of multiple electric phases (PH1, PH2, PH3);
Rotor (10) with permanent magnet (23);
The significant property coefficient of the rotating electric machine (7) is equal to the inductance on quadrature axis (Lq) divided by the inductance on d-axis (Ld);
Inverter (44) is used for rotating electric machine (7) described in electric control,
It is characterized by:
The rotating electric machine (7) is arranged so that significant property coefficient is greater than 1.2, particularly equal to 1.5 or more, such as in 1.5 Hes Between 3;
Inverter (44) is configured to generate negative current on the d-axis (ID) in the electric phase (PH1, PH2, PH3) of stator (9), with Reduce d-axisOn magnetic flux, to generate positive reluctance torque.
2. rotating electric machine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the permanent magnet (23) has diametrical magnetization, wherein Given permanent magnet (23) have orthogonal radial oriented parallel to each other two face be magnetized, so as to according to relative to The orientation of axis (X) radial direction of rotating electric machine (7) generates magnetic flux.
3. rotating electric machine according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the inverter (44) is configured to provide for having The full-wave type of variable openings angle (AO) controls.
4. rotating electric machine according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the opening angle (AO) is between 70 ° and 150 °.
5. rotating electric machine according to any one of the preceding claims, which is characterized in that it is configured to the speed according to motor Degree adapts to the advancing angle (AA) of the opening controlled in all-wave.
6. rotating electric machine according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the advancing angle (AA) of opening 60 ° and 100 ° it Between.
7. rotating electric machine according to any one of the preceding claims, which is characterized in that the stator (9) includes at least three A electricity phase (PH1, PH2, PH3).
8. rotating electric machine according to claim 7, which is characterized in that described three electric phases (PH1, PH2, PH3) are with triangle The form of shape couples.
9. rotating electric machine according to any one of the preceding claims, which is characterized in that the permanent magnet (23) is insertion Formula.
10. rotating electric machine according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the rotor (10) includes multiple chambers (22), each Chamber accommodates at least one permanent magnet (23), and the adjacent chamber of two of them (22) is separated by the arm (26) for belonging to rotor subject (17), The thickness (E) of the arm (26) is especially 2mm or more.
11. rotating electric machine according to claim 10, which is characterized in that the thickness (E) of arm (26) is divided by permanent magnet (23) Thickness between ratio between 0.5 and 1.2.
12. rotating electric machine according to any one of the preceding claims, which is characterized in that the rotor (10) has surface Magnet (23), and include the interelectrode space between two adjacent magnets (23) made of magnetic material.
13. rotating electric machine according to any one of the preceding claims, which is characterized in that the outer diameter of the rotor (10) (D2) between 20 and 35mm, and preferably about 30mm.
CN201780071230.9A 2016-11-18 2017-11-17 With the rotating electric machine for improving performance Pending CN110063019A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1661241 2016-11-18
FR1661241A FR3059168B1 (en) 2016-11-18 2016-11-18 ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINE WITH IMPROVED YIELD
PCT/FR2017/053155 WO2018091847A1 (en) 2016-11-18 2017-11-17 Rotating electrical machine with improved efficiency

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN110063019A true CN110063019A (en) 2019-07-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201780071230.9A Pending CN110063019A (en) 2016-11-18 2017-11-17 With the rotating electric machine for improving performance

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP3542457A1 (en)
CN (1) CN110063019A (en)
FR (1) FR3059168B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2018091847A1 (en)

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CN104158320A (en) * 2013-05-14 2014-11-19 雅马哈发动机株式会社 Straddle-type electric vehicle driving mechanism and straddle-type electric vehicle
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FR3059168B1 (en) 2018-10-26
FR3059168A1 (en) 2018-05-25
EP3542457A1 (en) 2019-09-25
WO2018091847A1 (en) 2018-05-24

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Application publication date: 20190726