CN110061292A - A kind of low-temperature electrolyte and the lithium battery using the electrolyte - Google Patents
A kind of low-temperature electrolyte and the lithium battery using the electrolyte Download PDFInfo
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- CN110061292A CN110061292A CN201910245677.4A CN201910245677A CN110061292A CN 110061292 A CN110061292 A CN 110061292A CN 201910245677 A CN201910245677 A CN 201910245677A CN 110061292 A CN110061292 A CN 110061292A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of low-temperature electrolyte and using the lithium battery of the electrolyte, it is related to technical field of lithium ion, which includes lithium salts, organic solvent and additive, and wherein lithium salts is the oxygen-containing fluorophosphate lithium of alkyl sulfur-bearing；Compared to traditional lithium salts, the oxygen-containing fluorophosphate lithium of alkyl sulfur-bearing used in electrolyte of the present invention, the ionic conductivity still with higher under -50 DEG C of condition of ultralow temperature, and the oxygen-containing fluorophosphate lithium of the alkyl sulfur-bearing can form low-impedance stable SEI film in negative terminal surface, be conducive to the quick insertion and abjection of lithium ion under cryogenic conditions, effective solution due to caused by temperature is too low cathode analyse lithium problem, can show superior low temperature discharge and cycle performance in ultra-low temperature surroundings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion, especially a kind of low-temperature electrolyte and the lithium electricity using the electrolyte
Pond.
Background technique
For lithium ion battery due to operating voltage height, specific energy density is big, has extended cycle life, environmentally friendly, has become
Indispensable important one of the chemical energy source in the fields such as electronic digital, electric car, stored energy application, aerospace.Electrolyte
It is the important component of lithium ion battery, referred to as " blood " of lithium ion battery, usually by lithium salts, solvent and additive group
At having important influence to the cycle performance, high rate performance and security performance of lithium ion battery.Since electrolyte is worked
To meet simultaneously in journey and the compatibility of positive and negative pole material, physical and chemical stability and conductivity with higher and lower
The requirement such as viscosity, therefore it is molten generally to select the carboxylate compound of cyclic carbonate, linear carbonate and low viscosity to form combination
Agent can solve the viscosity problem of solvent at low temperature, but under cryogenic, molten containing linear carbonates and carboxylate
Agent, often dielectric constant is also relatively low, so conventional lithium salts is difficult to be completely dissolved under cryogenic, cause ionic conductivity compared with
It is low, it is difficult to faster lithium ion mobility rate to be maintained, to cause the cryogenic property of lithium ion battery poor.
Currently, the method for improving lithium-ion battery electrolytes cryogenic property mainly include dicyandiamide solution optimization and
Two aspect of Low ESR additive, such as 105811003 patent of Publication No. CN disclose a kind of low-temperature electrolyte, by cyclic annular carbon
Acid esters and chain carboxylate composition, lithium salts are conventional LiPF6And LiBF4, improved by organic solvent system and dosage improvement
Low-temperature conductivity realizes the promotion of -20 DEG C of low-temperature circulating performances；Publication number CN 108270033 is by LiBOB and LiODFB
In lithium salts system, function additive fluorinated ethylene carbonate and acrylic -1,3-propane sultone, the boundary of reduced electrolyte is added
Face impedance improves the cryogenic property of lithium ion battery.Although battery performance is changed under general cold environmental conditions
It is kind, but still can't resolve the low problem of lithium salts conductivity under -50 DEG C of condition of ultralow temperature, therefore develop novel ultralow temperature
It is significant to improve application value under extreme condition to the application range of broadening lithium ion battery for lithium salt electrolyte.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of low-temperature electrolyte and using the lithium battery of the electrolyte, in favor of low temperature item
The quick insertion and abjection of lithium ion under part solve the problems, such as to enable lithium battery since cathode analyses lithium caused by temperature is too low
It is enough that superior low temperature discharge and cycle performance are shown in ultra-low temperature surroundings.
To achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of low-temperature electrolyte, including lithium salts, organic solvent and additive, the lithium salts are the oxygen-containing fluoro of alkyl sulfur-bearing
Lithium phosphate, the structure of lithium salts are logical formula (I) or general formula (II)
Wherein, R1、R2、R3And R4It is independently selected from F or C1-5Alkyl, and R1、R2、R3And R4In at least one F
With a C1-5Alkyl.
Preferably, the organic solvent is organic carbonate, C1-20Alkyl ether, diphenyl sulfide, carboxylate, sulfone, nitrile, dintrile,
At least one of phosphonitrile.
Preferably, the organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, butylene, dimethyl carbonate, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-
Butyrolactone, methyl ethyl carbonate, dimethyl ether, diphenyl sulfide, acetonitrile, glutaronitrile, sulfolane, five fluorine ethoxy basic rings, three phosphonitrile, propionic acid first
At least one of ester, ethyl propionate, butyl propionate, ethyl butyrate.
Preferably, the additive is vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, sulfuric acid
Vinyl acetate, three (trimethyl silicon substrate) borates, trimethyl phosphate, dimethyl methyl phosphonate, hexamethyldisilazane at least one
Kind.
Preferably, the additive is vinylene carbonate and fluorinated ethylene carbonate.
Preferably, on the basis of the gross mass of electrolyte, the mass percentage of each component in electrolyte are as follows: organic solvent
81-90%, lithium salts 8-15%, additive 0.5-10%.
Preferably, the organic solvent 85-90%, lithium salts 9-14%, additive 0.5-1%.
The present invention applies protecting a kind of lithium battery simultaneously, uses above-mentioned low-temperature electrolyte.
Preferably, the positive electrode of the lithium battery is the embedding oxidate for lithium of transition metal, metal oxide and metal vulcanization
At least one of object.
Preferably, the negative electrode material of the lithium battery is carbonaceous material, silicon, silicon-carbon, silicon oxygen, ferrite, nitride and conjunction
At least one of golden material.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
1, the oxygen-containing fluorophosphate lithium of alkyl sulfur-bearing used in the present invention is easier at low temperature compared to traditional lithium salts
It is dissolved in dicyandiamide solution, there is preferably compatibility with dicyandiamide solution, lithium salts will not be caused to be precipitated because temperature is too low, it can
Guarantee the ionic conductivity with higher under -50 DEG C of ultra-low temperature surroundings.
2, the oxygen-containing fluorophosphate lithium of alkyl sulfur-bearing used in the present invention can form low-impedance stabilization in negative terminal surface
SEI film, be conducive to the quick insertion and abjection of lithium ion under cryogenic conditions, effective solution due to temperature it is too low caused by
Cathode analyses lithium problem, and superior low temperature discharge and cycle performance can be shown in ultra-low temperature surroundings.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail through specific implementation examples.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of electrolyte: it in the glove box (moisture < 0.1ppm, oxygen < 0.1ppm) full of argon gas, takes and accounts for electrolysis
The organic mixed solution of dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethyl propionate of liquid gross mass 85%, carbonic acid diformazan
Ester, ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethyl propionate mass ratio 1:3:3:3；Then it is added that account for electrolyte total into mixed solution
The additive vinylene carbonate and fluorinated ethylene carbonate of quality 1%, vinylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate mass ratio
1:1 is finally slowly added to account for the oxygen-containing fluorophosphate lithium (a) of alkyl sulfur-bearing of electrolyte gross mass 14% into mixed solution, stir
The lithium-ion battery electrolytes of the embodiment of the present invention 1 are obtained after mixing uniformly.
Lithium ion battery is prepared using the electrolyte of the present embodiment:
The preparation of positive electrode: the NCM111 of mixed weight percentage composition 95%, the CNT of weight percentage 3% (receive by carbon
Mitron) and weight percentage 2% PVDF (binder), and N-Methyl pyrrolidone is added, slurry is made, slurry is applied
For cloth on aluminium foil, roll-in after drying obtains positive electrode.
The preparation of negative electrode material: the artificial graphite of mixed weight percentage composition 80%, weight percentage 15% it is natural
Graphite, the SBR (binder) of weight percentage 5%, and deionized water is added thereto, slurry is then coated on copper foil
On, roll-in after drying obtains negative electrode material.
Above-mentioned positive and negative pole material is prepared into 2580160 square battery (length, width and height are respectively 160mm, 80mm, 25mm),
Wherein positive electrode compacted density 3.3g/cm3, surface density 175g/cm2(single side), negative electrode material compacted density 1.5g/cm3, face
Density 105g/cm2(single side).
Embodiment 2
The preparation of electrolyte: it in the glove box (moisture < 0.1ppm, oxygen < 0.1ppm) full of argon gas, takes and accounts for electrolysis
The organic mixed solution of dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethyl propionate of liquid gross mass 85%, carbonic acid diformazan
Ester, ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethyl propionate mass ratio 1:3:3:3；Then it is added that account for electrolyte total into mixed solution
The additive vinylene carbonate and fluorinated ethylene carbonate of quality 1%, vinylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate mass ratio
1:1 is finally slowly added to account for the oxygen-containing fluorophosphate lithium (b) of alkyl sulfur-bearing of electrolyte gross mass 14% into mixed solution, stir
The lithium-ion battery electrolytes of the embodiment of the present invention 2 are obtained after mixing uniformly.
Lithium ion battery is prepared using the electrolyte of the present embodiment, preparation method is the same as embodiment one.
Embodiment 3
Electrolyte preparation: it in the glove box (moisture < 0.1ppm, oxygen < 0.1ppm) full of argon gas, takes and accounts for electrolyte
The organic mixed solution of dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethyl propionate of gross mass 85%, dimethyl carbonate,
Ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethyl propionate mass ratio 1:3:3:3；Then it is added into mixed solution and accounts for the total matter of electrolyte
The additive vinylene carbonate and fluorinated ethylene carbonate of amount 1%, vinylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate mass ratio 1:
1, it is finally slowly added to account for the oxygen-containing fluorophosphate lithium (c) of alkyl sulfur-bearing of electrolyte gross mass 14% into mixed solution, stir
The lithium-ion battery electrolytes of the embodiment of the present invention 3 are obtained after uniformly.
Lithium ion battery is prepared using the electrolyte of the present embodiment, preparation method is the same as embodiment one.
Embodiment 4
Electrolyte preparation: it in the glove box (moisture < 0.1ppm, oxygen < 0.1ppm) full of argon gas, takes and accounts for electrolyte
The organic mixed solution of dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethyl propionate of gross mass 85%, dimethyl carbonate,
Ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethyl propionate mass ratio 1:3:3:3；Then it is added into mixed solution and accounts for the total matter of electrolyte
The additive vinylene carbonate and fluorinated ethylene carbonate of amount 1%, vinylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate mass ratio 1:
1, it is finally slowly added to account for the oxygen-containing fluorophosphate lithium (d) of alkyl sulfur-bearing of electrolyte gross mass 14% into mixed solution, stir
The lithium-ion battery electrolytes of the embodiment of the present invention 4 are obtained after uniformly.
Lithium ion battery is prepared using the electrolyte of the present embodiment, preparation method is the same as embodiment one.
Embodiment 5
Electrolyte preparation: it in the glove box (moisture < 0.1ppm, oxygen < 0.1ppm) full of argon gas, takes and accounts for electrolyte
The organic mixed solution of propene carbonate, butylene, dimethyl ether, sulfolane of gross mass 81%, propene carbonate, carbonic acid fourth
Enester, dimethyl ether, sulfolane mass ratio 1:3:3:3；Then the additive for accounting for electrolyte gross mass 4% is added into mixed solution
Vinyl ethylene carbonate and three (trimethyl silicon substrate) borates, vinyl ethylene carbonate, three (trimethyl silicon substrate) borates
Mass ratio 1:1 is finally slowly added to account for the oxygen-containing fluorophosphate lithium of alkyl sulfur-bearing of electrolyte gross mass 15% into mixed solution
(b), the lithium-ion battery electrolytes of the embodiment of the present invention 5 are obtained after mixing evenly.
Lithium ion battery is prepared using the electrolyte of the present embodiment, preparation method is the same as embodiment one.
Embodiment 6
Electrolyte preparation: it in the glove box (moisture < 0.1ppm, oxygen < 0.1ppm) full of argon gas, takes and accounts for electrolyte
The organic mixed solution of the 1,4-butyrolactone of gross mass 81%, diphenyl sulfide, acetonitrile, butyl propionate, 1,4-butyrolactone, diphenyl sulfide, second
Nitrile, butyl propionate mass ratio 1:3:3:3；Then the additive tricresyl phosphate for accounting for electrolyte gross mass 10% is added into mixed solution
Methyl esters and hexamethyldisilazane, trimethyl phosphate, hexamethyldisilazane mass ratio 1:1, slowly into mixed solution finally
The oxygen-containing fluorophosphate lithium (b) of alkyl sulfur-bearing for accounting for electrolyte gross mass 9% is added, obtains the embodiment of the present invention 6 after mixing evenly
Lithium-ion battery electrolytes.
Lithium ion battery is prepared using the electrolyte of the present embodiment, preparation method is the same as embodiment one.
Embodiment 7
Electrolyte preparation: it in the glove box (moisture < 0.1ppm, oxygen < 0.1ppm) full of argon gas, takes and accounts for electrolyte
The glutaronitrile of gross mass 88.5%, five fluorine ethoxy basic rings, three phosphonitrile, methyl propionate, the organic mixed solution of ethyl butyrate, glutaronitrile,
Five fluorine ethoxy basic rings, three phosphonitrile, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate mass ratio 1:3:3:3；Then it is added into mixed solution and accounts for electrolysis
The additive sulfur vinyl acetate and dimethyl methyl phosphonate of liquid gross mass 0.5%, sulfuric acid vinyl ester, dimethyl methyl phosphonate quality
Than 1:1, finally it is slowly added to account for the oxygen-containing fluorophosphate lithium (e) of alkyl sulfur-bearing of electrolyte gross mass 11% into mixed solution,
The lithium-ion battery electrolytes of the embodiment of the present invention 7 are obtained after mixing evenly.
Lithium ion battery is prepared using the electrolyte of the present embodiment, preparation method is the same as embodiment one.
Embodiment 8
Electrolyte preparation: it in the glove box (moisture < 0.1ppm, oxygen < 0.1ppm) full of argon gas, takes and accounts for electrolyte
The glutaronitrile of gross mass 90%, five fluorine ethoxy basic rings, three phosphonitrile, methyl propionate, the organic mixed solution of ethyl butyrate, glutaronitrile, five
Three phosphonitrile of fluorine ethoxy basic ring, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate mass ratio 1:3:3:3；Then it is added into mixed solution and accounts for electrolyte
The additive sulfur vinyl acetate and dimethyl methyl phosphonate of gross mass 2%, sulfuric acid vinyl ester, dimethyl methyl phosphonate mass ratio 1:
1, it is finally slowly added to account for the oxygen-containing fluorophosphate lithium (f) of alkyl sulfur-bearing of electrolyte gross mass 8% into mixed solution, stirring is equal
The lithium-ion battery electrolytes of the embodiment of the present invention 8 are obtained after even.
Comparative example 1
The preparation of electrolyte: it in the glove box (moisture < 0.1ppm, oxygen < 0.1ppm) full of argon gas, takes and accounts for electrolysis
The organic mixed solution of dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethyl propionate of liquid gross mass 85%, carbonic acid diformazan
Ester, ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethyl propionate mass ratio 1:3:3:3；Then it is added that account for electrolyte total into mixed solution
The additive vinylene carbonate and fluorinated ethylene carbonate of quality 1%, vinylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate mass ratio
1:1, it is finally slowly added to account for 14% lithium hexafluoro phosphate of electrolyte gross mass into mixed solution, obtains this hair after mixing evenly
The lithium-ion battery electrolytes of bright comparative example 1.
Lithium ion battery is prepared using the electrolyte of this comparative example, preparation method is the same as embodiment one.
Comparative example 2
Electrolyte preparation: it in the glove box (moisture < 0.1ppm, oxygen < 0.1ppm) full of argon gas, takes and accounts for electrolyte
The organic mixed solution of dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethyl propionate of gross mass 85%, dimethyl carbonate,
Ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethyl propionate mass ratio 1:3:3:3；Then it is added into mixed solution and accounts for the total matter of electrolyte
The additive vinylene carbonate and fluorinated ethylene carbonate of amount 1%, vinylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate mass ratio 1:
1, it is finally slowly added to account for 14% LiBF4 of electrolyte gross mass into mixed solution, it is right to obtain the present invention after mixing evenly
The lithium-ion battery electrolytes of ratio 2.
Lithium ion battery is prepared using the electrolyte of this comparative example, preparation method is the same as embodiment one.
Comparative example 3
Electrolyte preparation: it in the glove box (moisture < 0.1ppm, oxygen < 0.1ppm) full of argon gas, takes and accounts for electrolyte
The organic mixed solution of dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethyl propionate of gross mass 85%, dimethyl carbonate,
Ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethyl propionate mass ratio 1:3:3:3；Then it is added into mixed solution and accounts for the total matter of electrolyte
The additive vinylene carbonate and fluorinated ethylene carbonate of amount 1%, vinylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate mass ratio 1:
1, it is finally slowly added to account for 14% di-oxalate lithium borate of electrolyte gross mass into mixed solution, obtains the present invention after mixing evenly
The lithium-ion battery electrolytes of comparative example 3.
Lithium ion battery is prepared using the electrolyte of this comparative example, preparation method is the same as embodiment one.
Electrolysis fluid viscosity, lithium electricity are carried out respectively to above-described embodiment 1-8 and comparative example 1-3 electrolyte prepared and lithium battery
The test of pond conductivity and cycle performance:
1, -50 DEG C of viscosity and the conductivity test of electrolyte: using rotational viscometer detection embodiment 1-8 and comparative example
The viscosity of electrolyte sample obtained in 1-3, test temperature condition are -50 DEG C, and rotor measurement range is 0.01-25mPa/s, are surveyed
Amount revolving speed is 60rpm；Using electrolyte sample obtained in desk-top conductivity measurement detection embodiment 1-8 and comparative example 1-3
Conductivity, test temperature condition be -50 DEG C, the test result of each sample takes the average value measured three times, relevant comparison
Parameter is referring to table 1.
2, -50 DEG C of charge and discharge cycles test of experimental cell: by the lithium electricity of embodiment 1-8 and comparative example 1-3 after partial volume
Pond is placed in -50 DEG C of ultra-low temperature constant temperature casees and connect with charge-discharge test instrument, first with 1C electric current constant-current constant-voltage charging to 4.2V, if
Setting cut-off current is 0.01C；It shelves after 10min again with 1C electric current constant-current discharge to 3.0V, so progress cyclic charging and discharging test,
Record each discharge capacity, calculate separately the 100th week, the 150th week and 300 weeks battery core capacity retention ratio, wherein lithium from
The all discharge capacity * 100% of the N weeks circulation volume conservation rate (%) of sub- battery core=the N weeks discharge capacity/head, relevant comparison number
According to referring to table 1.
Table 1:
From in table 1 conductivity and viscosity test results can be seen that the electrolyte in the embodiment of the present invention 1-8 due to
Even if use the oxygen-containing fluorophosphate lithium of alkyl sulfur-bearing of the invention make electrolyte in -50 DEG C of conductivity still with higher and
Lower viscosity number, -50 DEG C of discharge capacitances are obviously improved.
From circulation volume conservation rate as can be seen that comparative example lithium battery due to use the electrolyte of room temperature lithium salts-
Decay under the conditions of 50 DEG C rapid, it is virtually impossible to recycle, recycle 100 after routine lithium salts di-oxalate lithium borate used in comparative example 3
All capacity retention ratios only have 36.45%, and the embodiment of the present invention 1-8 has been due to having used the oxygen-containing fluorophosphate lithium of alkyl sulfur-bearing,
100 weeks capacity retention ratios are recycled 80% or more, greatly improve low-temperature circulating performance.
Embodiment described above only describe the preferred embodiments of the invention, not to model of the invention
It encloses and is defined, without departing from the spirit of the design of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are to technical side of the invention
The various changes and improvements that case is made should all be fallen into the protection scope that claims of the present invention determines.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of low-temperature electrolyte, including lithium salts, organic solvent and additive, it is characterised in that: the lithium salts contains for alkyl
The oxygen-containing fluorophosphate lithium of sulphur, the structure of lithium salts are logical formula (I) or general formula (II)
Wherein, R1、R2、R3And R4It is independently selected from F or C1-5Alkyl, and R1、R2、R3And R4In at least one F and one
A C1-5Alkyl.
2. a kind of low-temperature electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the organic solvent be organic carbonate,
C1-20At least one of alkyl ether, diphenyl sulfide, carboxylate, sulfone, nitrile, dintrile, phosphonitrile.
3. a kind of low-temperature electrolyte according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the organic solvent be ethylene carbonate,
Propene carbonate, butylene, dimethyl carbonate, 1,4- butyrolactone, methyl ethyl carbonate, dimethyl ether, diphenyl sulfide, acetonitrile, penta
Dintrile, sulfolane, five fluorine ethoxy basic rings, three phosphonitrile, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, butyl propionate, at least one in ethyl butyrate
Kind.
4. a kind of low-temperature electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the additive be vinylene carbonate,
Vinyl ethylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, sulfuric acid vinyl ester, three (trimethyl silicon substrate) borates, trimethyl phosphate, first
At least one of base dimethyl phosphonate, hexamethyldisilazane.
5. a kind of low-temperature electrolyte according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the additive be vinylene carbonate and
Fluorinated ethylene carbonate.
6. a kind of low-temperature electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: on the basis of the gross mass of electrolyte, electricity
Solve the mass percentage of each component in liquid are as follows: organic solvent 81-90%, lithium salts 8-15%, additive 0.5-10%.
7. a kind of low-temperature electrolyte according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the organic solvent 85-90%, lithium salts 9-
14%, additive 0.5-1%.
8. a kind of lithium battery, it is characterised in that: use the low-temperature electrolyte of any of claims 1-7.
9. a kind of lithium battery according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: the positive plate material is the embedding lithia of transition metal
At least one of compound, metal oxide and metal sulfide.
10. a kind of lithium battery according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: the negative electrode tab material be carbonaceous material, silicon,
At least one of silicon-carbon, silicon oxygen, ferrite, nitride and alloy material.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN111458642A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-07-28 | 上海空间电源研究所 | Nondestructive testing method for lithium separation of lithium ion storage battery |
| CN111769325A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-10-13 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Lithium-ion battery electrolyte for improving high-low temperature cycle performance and lithium-ion battery |
| CN112038700A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-12-04 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Low-temperature electrolyte and lithium ion battery comprising same |
| CN112186244A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-01-05 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Flame-retardant lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery containing same |
| CN113328141A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-31 | 广州明美新能源股份有限公司 | Low-temperature electrolyte and lithium ion battery thereof |
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| CN112038700A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-12-04 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Low-temperature electrolyte and lithium ion battery comprising same |
| CN112186244A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-01-05 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Flame-retardant lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery containing same |
| CN113328141A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-31 | 广州明美新能源股份有限公司 | Low-temperature electrolyte and lithium ion battery thereof |
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