CN110057885A - Electrode of a kind of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification and preparation method thereof and electrochemical sensor and application - Google Patents
Electrode of a kind of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification and preparation method thereof and electrochemical sensor and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN110057885A CN110057885A CN201910299550.0A CN201910299550A CN110057885A CN 110057885 A CN110057885 A CN 110057885A CN 201910299550 A CN201910299550 A CN 201910299550A CN 110057885 A CN110057885 A CN 110057885A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
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Abstract
The invention discloses electrode of a kind of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification and preparation method thereof and electrochemical sensor and applications, the preparation method following steps: by poly-dopamine bead be added containing gadolinium salt, urea element aqueous solution in be mixed, obtain intermediate；(2) by intermediate, high-temperature calcination obtains gadolinium oxide hollow sphere in air；(3) dispersant liquid drop containing gadolinium oxide hollow sphere is coated in glassy carbon electrode surface, then in glassy carbon electrode surface drop coating Nafion dilution, obtains the electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification.The electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification can be used in the detection of parathion-methyl, and detection limit is low, good linearity, and stability with higher and reproducibility, strong antijamming capability.Moreover, the preparation method of the electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification is simply easily controllable, application value with higher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrochemical sensors, and in particular, to a kind of electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification and its
Preparation method and electrochemical sensor and application.
Background technique
China is large agricultural country, and with the development of agricultural modernization, the use of pesticide is high, due in the mistake used
There are many unreasonable places in journey, causes pesticide residue severe overweight vegetable pesticide residue exceeded, can directly jeopardize human body
Nervous system and the vitals such as liver, kidney.Remains of pesticide is accumulated in human body simultaneously, more than will lead to after certain measurement
Chronic disease, such as muscle is numb, cough, or even vascular diseases, diabetes and cancer can be induced etc..Since pesticide residue is to people
Class and biohazard are very big, and various countries all carry out stringent management to the application of pesticide, and make to Pesticide Residues tolerance
Regulation.Thus there is bigger demand to the detection technique of pesticide residue.
Parathion-methyl is commonly called as parathion-methyl, scientific name 0,0- dimethyl -0- (4- nitrobenzophenone) thiophosphate, Yi Zhongyou
Machine phosphorus insecticide.Industrial products are the yellowish-brown oily liquids with garlic odour, and sterling is white crystals, 36-36.5 DEG C of fusing point, indissoluble
Yu Shui, is soluble in organic solvent, heating meeting isomerization, and high temperature or chance alkali easily decompose.Acute toxicity LD50 value: oral to big white mouse
Percutaneously it is 300~400mg/kg to rabbit for 14-24mg/kg, belongs to high toxic pesticide.Electrochemical sensor is easy because it is quick,
Sensitive and probe is easy to be miniaturized, the features such as equipment is small and exquisite and have broad application prospects in the detection of phosphorus pesticide.
Countries in the world and some tissues are made that stringent limitation to OPPs residual in recent years, and show increasingly tighter
Trend.To meet the trace even quick separating of ultra trace OPPs and analysis, development simplicity, green, high accuracy and Gao Ke
Analysis method by property seems very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide electrode of a kind of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification and preparation method thereof and electrochemistry
The electrode of Sensors & Application, gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification can be used in the detection of parathion-methyl, and detection limit is low,
Good linearity, and stability with higher and reproducibility, strong antijamming capability.Moreover, the gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball
The preparation method of the electrode of modification is simply easily controllable, application value with higher.The present invention can also be methyl pair
The research and development of the detection technique of sulphur phosphorus provide experimental basis, provide new approaches and new technology for the detection of Pesticide Residues.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention provides a kind of preparation sides of the electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification
Method, comprising the following steps: (1) by poly-dopamine bead be added containing gadolinium salt, urea element aqueous solution in be mixed, obtain
The intermediate of basic carbonate gadolinium package poly-dopamine bead；(2) intermediate of basic carbonate gadolinium package poly-dopamine bead is existed
Air high temperature calcines to obtain gadolinium oxide hollow sphere；(3) dispersant liquid drop containing gadolinium oxide hollow sphere is coated in glass-carbon electrode table
Face obtains the electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification then in glassy carbon electrode surface drop coating Nafion dilution.
The present invention also provides a kind of electricity of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball that previously described preparation method is prepared modification
Pole.
The present invention also provides a kind of electrochemical sensors, including working electrode, auxiliary electrode, reference electrode and electrolyte；
Wherein, working electrode is the electrode of previously described gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification.
Moreover, the present invention also provides the electrodes and electrochemistry of a kind of previously described gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification
Application of the sensor in detection parathion-methyl.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the small spheres as template of present invention application poly-dopamine utilizes the auxiliary precipitation from homogeneous solution of urea element
Method obtains the intermediate of gadolinium hydroxide package poly-dopamine, intermediate is calcined in air, poly-dopamine bead is removed
It goes, obtains gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball, then it is empty to be obtained into gadolinium oxide nanometer on the surface of glass-carbon electrode for the modification of gadolinium oxide hollow sphere
The electrode of bulbus cordis modification.The electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification can be used in the detection of parathion-methyl, and detection limit
It is low, good linearity, and stability with higher and reproducibility, strong antijamming capability.Moreover, the gadolinium oxide nano-hollow
The preparation method of the electrode of ball modification is simply easily controllable, application value with higher.The present invention can also be methyl
The research and development of the detection technique of parathion provide experimental basis, provide new approaches and new technology for the detection of Pesticide Residues.
Why there is such invention effect, it is presumed that: contain abundant amino and phenolic hydroxyl group base in poly-dopamine surface
Group has the sequestering power to metal ion, and has stronger adhesiveness, it is easy to which metal salt solution is adsorbed on its table
Face obtains the intermediate of basic carbonate gadolinium package poly-dopamine bead, intermediate is existed using the auxiliary homogeneous precipitation method of urea element
It is calcined in air, poly-dopamine bead is removed, and obtains, the gadolinium oxide nanometer of uniform hollow structure complete with pattern
Hollow sphere.Compared to the prior art, the problem less reproducible the present invention overcomes general electrochemical sensor stability, this
The modified electrode of invention, property is more stable, and production is simpler, in terms of the selection of material, since gadolinium rare earth element has spy
Different 4f electronic shell, gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball, large specific surface area, electrocatalysis characteristic is good, in conjunction with the structure of hollow inorganic spheres
The nano effect of feature and nano material, make nanometer rare earth oxide hollow ball material have more excellent sound, light, electricity, magnetic,
The performances such as catalysis improve the sensitivity detected to parathion-methyl.
The gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball of hollow structure is synthesized for templated synthesis size uniformity with carbon ball (PDAs) herein,
Large specific surface area, electrocatalysis characteristic is good, detects parathion-methyl with its modified electrode, passes through cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse method
It probes into, 0.05-100 μM of the range of linearity to the detection of parathion-methyl of the electrochemical sensor, linear equation Y=
0.1187+0.1834*X(R2=0.993), minimum detectability is 0.03 μM, to Chinese cabbage, the recycling of tap water and rice field water
In experiment, the rate of recovery 95.5%-106% of parathion-methyl.The electrochemical sensor of this research preparation shows good steady
Qualitative and repeated, detection process is easy to operate, and cost is relatively low, and detection range is wider, and detection limit is lower, is expected to realize to edible
The field quick detection of organophosphorus pesticide in agricultural product.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will the following detailed description will be given in the detailed implementation section.
Detailed description of the invention
The drawings are intended to provide a further understanding of the invention, and constitutes part of specification, with following tool
Body embodiment is used to explain the present invention together, but is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is transmission electron microscope characterization and scanning electron microscope phenogram in embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis phenogram in embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 is the energy dispersive x-ray analysis and characterization figure in embodiment 1；
Fig. 4 is the powder x-ray diffraction figure in embodiment 1；
Fig. 5 obtains the relational graph of electric current and concentration when being parathion-methyl in application examples 1；
Fig. 6 obtains the linear relationship chart of electric current and concentration when being parathion-methyl in application examples 1；
Fig. 7 is the stability features figure for detecting the electrochemical sensor in example 1；
Fig. 8 is the reproducibility characteristic pattern for detecting the electrochemical sensor in example 2；
Fig. 9 is the anti-interference characteristic pattern for detecting the electrochemical sensor in example 3.
Specific embodiment
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments below.It should be understood that described herein specific
Embodiment is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not intended to restrict the invention.
The endpoint of disclosed range and any value are not limited to the accurate range or value herein, these ranges or
Value should be understood as comprising the value close to these ranges or value.For numberical range, between the endpoint value of each range, respectively
It can be combined with each other between the endpoint value of a range and individual point value, and individually between point value and obtain one or more
New numberical range, these numberical ranges should be considered as specific open herein.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of the electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification, comprising the following steps: (1)
By poly-dopamine bead be added containing gadolinium salt, urea element aqueous solution in be mixed, obtain basic carbonate gadolinium package gather it is more
The intermediate of bar amine bead；(2) by the intermediate of basic carbonate gadolinium package poly-dopamine bead, high-temperature calcination is obtained in air
Gadolinium oxide hollow sphere；(3) dispersant liquid drop containing gadolinium oxide hollow sphere is coated in glassy carbon electrode surface, then in glass-carbon electrode table
Face drop coating Nafion dilution obtains the electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the small spheres as template of present invention application poly-dopamine utilizes the auxiliary precipitation from homogeneous solution of urea element
Method obtains the intermediate of gadolinium hydroxide package poly-dopamine, intermediate is calcined in air, poly-dopamine bead is removed
It goes, obtains gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball, then it is empty to be obtained into gadolinium oxide nanometer on the surface of glass-carbon electrode for the modification of gadolinium oxide hollow sphere
The electrode of bulbus cordis modification.The electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification can be used in the detection of parathion-methyl, and detection limit
It is low, good linearity, and stability with higher and reproducibility, strong antijamming capability.Moreover, the gadolinium oxide nano-hollow
The preparation method of the electrode of ball modification is simply easily controllable, application value with higher.The present invention can also be methyl
The research and development of the detection technique of parathion provide experimental basis, provide new approaches and new technology for the detection of Pesticide Residues.
Why there is such invention effect, it is presumed that: contain abundant amino and phenolic hydroxyl group base in poly-dopamine surface
Group has the sequestering power to metal ion, and has stronger adhesiveness, it is easy to which metal salt solution is adsorbed on its table
Face obtains the intermediate of basic carbonate gadolinium package poly-dopamine bead, intermediate is existed using the auxiliary homogeneous precipitation method of urea element
It is calcined in air, poly-dopamine bead is removed, and obtains, the gadolinium oxide nanometer of uniform hollow structure complete with pattern
Hollow sphere.Compared to the prior art, the problem less reproducible the present invention overcomes general electrochemical sensor stability, this
The modified electrode of invention, property is more stable, and production is simpler, in terms of the selection of material, since gadolinium rare earth element has spy
Different 4f electronic shell, gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball, large specific surface area, electrocatalysis characteristic is good, in conjunction with the structure of hollow inorganic spheres
The nano effect of feature and nano material, make nanometer rare earth oxide hollow ball material have more excellent sound, light, electricity, magnetic,
The performances such as catalysis improve the sensitivity detected to parathion-methyl.
The gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball of hollow structure is synthesized for templated synthesis size uniformity with carbon ball (PDAs) herein,
Large specific surface area, electrocatalysis characteristic is good, detects parathion-methyl with its modified electrode, passes through cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse method
It probes into, 0.05-100 μM of the range of linearity to the detection of parathion-methyl of the electrochemical sensor, linear equation Y=
0.1187+0.1834*X(R2=0.993), minimum detectability is 0.03 μM, to Chinese cabbage, the recycling of tap water and rice field water
In experiment, the rate of recovery 95.5%-106% of parathion-methyl.The electrochemical sensor of this research preparation shows good steady
Qualitative and repeated, detection process is easy to operate, and cost is relatively low, and detection range is wider, and detection limit is lower, is expected to realize to edible
The field quick detection of organophosphorus pesticide in agricultural product.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, poly-dopamine bead can use commercially available product, can also use prior art system
Standby, in embodiment later, poly-dopamine bead applied by the present invention is just prepared in the following method: in water-alcohol
In the mixed solvent synthesizes poly-dopamine ball (PDAs), and the CH of 28mL is added in the ultrapure water of 112mL3OH is stirred.At room temperature,
Ammonium hydroxide (the NH of 0.75mL volume is added into methanol/ultrapure water mixed solution4OH, 28-30%), after being stirred 30min,
The Dopamine hydrochloride of 0.5g is added into mixed solution.Solution gradually becomes yellowish-brown and ultimately becomes dark brown, stirs at room temperature
Mix 30h.It is centrifuged, is washed respectively with second alcohol and water after reaction, the 60 DEG C of dryings under vacuum oven of obtained product
One night obtained poly-dopamine bead.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the ratio between poly-dopamine bead, gadolinium salt, additive amount of urea element can be wider in step (1)
Selection in range, in order to which the electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification can be used in the detection of parathion-methyl, and detection limit is low,
Good linearity, and stability with higher and reproducibility, strong antijamming capability, it is preferable that poly-dopamine is small in step (1)
Ball, gadolinium salt, urea element addition mass ratio be 0.2:5-7:0.5-2.
In order to which the electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification can be used in the detection of parathion-methyl, and detection limit is low, line
Property good, and stability with higher and reproducibility, strong antijamming capability, it is preferable that include: first to be connect in 70-85 DEG C of mixing
0.8-1.2h is touched, contact 15-25h is then continuesd to mix in 10-30 DEG C.
Further, it in order to which the electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification can be used in the detection of parathion-methyl, and examines
Rising limit is low, good linearity, and stability with higher and reproducibility, strong antijamming capability, it is preferable that further includes connecing in mixing
It before touching, first disperses poly-dopamine bead in water and/or ethyl alcohol, is then added to again in the aqueous solution containing gadolinium salt and urea element
The step of.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the condition of step (2) high temperature calcining can select in a wider range, for gadolinium oxide
The electrode of nano-hollow ball modification can be used in the detection of parathion-methyl, and detection limit is low, good linearity, and with higher
Stability and reproducibility, strong antijamming capability, it is preferable that the condition of step (2) high temperature calcining includes: in 400 DEG C -600 DEG C
Calcine 2-4h.
Further, it in order to which the electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification can be used in the detection of parathion-methyl, and examines
Rising limit is low, good linearity, and stability with higher and reproducibility, strong antijamming capability, it is preferable that the packet of calcination process
It includes: first from room temperature to 380-420 DEG C, in 380-420 DEG C of maintenance 0.8-1.2h；Then it is warming up to 530-580 DEG C, in 530-
10-30 DEG C is down to after 580 DEG C of maintenance 1.5-2.5h, the heating rate is 0.8-1.5min/ DEG C, rate of temperature fall 4-6min/
℃。
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the mass ratio of gadolinium oxide hollow sphere and water can be in wider model in the dispersion liquid of step (3)
Interior selection is enclosed, in order to which the electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification can be used in the detection of parathion-methyl, and detection limit is low, line
Property is good, and stability with higher and reproducibility, strong antijamming capability, it is preferable that gadolinium oxide in the dispersion liquid of step (3)
The mass ratio of hollow sphere and water is 4-10:1000.
The mass fraction of Nafion dilution can select in a wider range, for the electricity of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification
Pole can be used in the detection of parathion-methyl, and detection limit is low, good linearity, and stability with higher and reproducibility, resist
Interference performance is strong, it is preferable that the mass fraction of Nafion dilution is 4-8%.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, gadolinium salt can there are many selections, are terrible as long as can be dissolved in water can be realized the present invention
The electrode for having arrived the modification of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball can be used in the detection of parathion-methyl, and detection limit is low, good linearity, and
Stability and reproducibility with higher, strong antijamming capability, it is preferable that gadolinium salt is six water gadolinium nitrates, gadolinium acetate and gadolinium carbonate
One of or it is a variety of.
It in the above-mentioned technical solutions, further include to glass carbon before being modified with gadolinium oxide hollow sphere glass-carbon electrode
Electrode carries out pretreated step.And selection there are many pretreated modes, those skilled in the art can be optionally combined application,
The present invention can be achieved, details are not described herein.And in embodiment later, to the step of pretreatment of glassy carbon electrode include: by
The surface of alumina powder foot couple bare glassy carbon electrode is polished；Ultrapure water and EtOH Sonicate cleaning electrode are used respectively；Use ultrapure water
Bare glassy carbon electrode surface is rinsed, room temperature is dried, spare.
The present invention also provides a kind of electricity of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball that previously described preparation method is prepared modification
Pole.
The present invention also provides a kind of electrochemical sensors, including working electrode, auxiliary electrode, reference electrode and electrolyte；
Wherein, working electrode is the electrode of previously described gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification.
Wherein, auxiliary electrode, reference electrode and electrolyte can be using the conventional auxiliary electrode, reference electrodes of this field
And electrolyte.For example, calomel electrode is as reference electrode, using platinum electrode as auxiliary electrode with 0.05mol/L PBS (pH
=7) solution is electrolyte, etc. the electrochemical sensor for detecting parathion-methyl can be prepared, realize of the invention
Invention effect.
Moreover, the present invention also provides a kind of electrodes of previously described gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification in detection first
Application in base parathion.
Using the modified electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification as working electrode, select platinum electrode as auxiliary electrode,
For calomel electrode as reference electrode, modified electrode uses DPV method as working electrode in three electrode test systems,
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the small spheres as template of present invention application poly-dopamine utilizes the auxiliary precipitation from homogeneous solution of urea element
Method obtains the intermediate of gadolinium hydroxide package poly-dopamine, intermediate is calcined in air, poly-dopamine bead is removed
It goes, obtains gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball, then it is empty to be obtained into gadolinium oxide nanometer on the surface of glass-carbon electrode for the modification of gadolinium oxide hollow sphere
The electrode of bulbus cordis modification.The electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification can be used in the detection of parathion-methyl, and detection limit
It is low, good linearity, and stability with higher and reproducibility, strong antijamming capability.Moreover, the gadolinium oxide nano-hollow
The preparation method of the electrode of ball modification is simply easily controllable, application value with higher.The present invention can also be methyl
The research and development of the detection technique of parathion provide experimental basis, provide new approaches and new technology for the detection of Pesticide Residues.
The present invention will be described in detail by way of examples below.In following embodiment, Electrochemical Detection is in Shanghai occasion
It is carried out on the chem workstation of magnificent instrument company's model CHI440a；X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis characterizes (X-ray
Photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS) pass through the Al Ka spoke of U.S. Thermo Fisher Scientific company
It penetrates, thermocouple ESCALAB 250XI spectroscope obtains；Constituent content analysis is by energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscope
It obtains, transmission electron microscope is characterized on the transmission electron microscope that Japanese Hitachi company model is 120KV HT7700 and carries out；Scanning electron microscope
It is that Regulus-8100 retouches electron microscope that characterization, which uses Japanese Hitachi company model,；Powder x-ray diffraction (XRD)
Data are obtained by German D8ADVANCEBRUKER, and 10--100 ° of the angle of diffraction, sweeping speed is every degree 0.1S.
The Dopamine hydrochloride purity is > 98%；Six water gadolinium nitrate purity are 99%；Urea element purity is > 99.5%；All it is
Science and Technology Ltd.'s purchase is learned in Baeyer Dihua, Hefei, and the parathion-methyl is the purchase of Beijing lark prestige Science and Technology Ltd., CAS
Number be 298-00-0；The methanol, ammonium hydroxide are all that analysis is pure, are purchased from Shanghai Ling Feng chemical reagent Co., Ltd.
Preparation example
Poly-dopamine ball (PDAs) is synthesized in water-alcohol in the mixed solvent, the CH of 28mL is added in the ultrapure water of 112mL3OH is stirred
Mix mixing.At room temperature, the ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, 28-30%) of 0.75mL volume is added into methanol/ultrapure water mixed solution, stirs
After mixing mixing 30min, the Dopamine hydrochloride of 0.5g is added into mixed solution.Solution gradually becomes yellowish-brown and ultimately becomes black palm fibre
30h is stirred at room temperature in color.It is centrifuged, is washed respectively with second alcohol and water after reaction, obtained product is being dried in vacuo
Lower 60 DEG C of case dried overnight, obtains poly-dopamine bead.
Morphology characterization has transmissometer to seek peace scanning characterization, and concrete outcome is shown in a and b in Fig. 1；By a and b in Fig. 1 as it can be seen that
Poly-dopamine ball be it is solid, surface is more smooth, and the diameter of ball is 600nm.
Embodiment 1
The poly-dopamine in the above-mentioned preparation example of 0.2g is taken, it is spare with ultrasound 25min after 2mL ultrapure water and the dissolution of 3mL ethyl alcohol,
0.5 6 water gadolinium nitrate solution of 5mL, 6g urea element, the poly- DOPA after being stirred, after ultrasound is added are added into 60mL ultrapure water
Amine bead, water-bath 1h under the conditions of temperature is 80 DEG C, is stirred to react 20h after the water bath is over, is centrifuged after reaction under room temperature, point
Do not washed with second alcohol and water, obtained product under vacuum oven 60 DEG C it is dried overnight, obtain basic carbonate gadolinium packet
Wrap up in the intermediate of poly-dopamine bead.
By the intermediate high-temperature calcination in air of basic carbonate gadolinium package poly-dopamine bead, first it is warming up to from 20 DEG C
400 DEG C, in 400 DEG C of maintenance 1h.Then 550 DEG C are warming up to, is down to 20 DEG C after 550 DEG C of maintenance 2h, the heating rate is
1min/ DEG C, rate of temperature fall is 5min/ DEG C, and gadolinium oxide hollow sphere is obtained after calcining；
The surface of alumina powder foot couple bare glassy carbon electrode is polished；Electricity is cleaned with ultrapure water and EtOH Sonicate respectively
Pole；With ultrapure water bare glassy carbon electrode surface, room temperature is dried, spare；3 μ L gadolinium oxide dispersion liquids (5mg/mL) are taken with liquid-transfering gun
Drop coating is in the naked glass carbon surface dried, and then 1 μ LNafion dilution (5wt%) of drop coating, obtains gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball and repair
The electrode of decorations.
Basic carbonate gadolinium package poly-dopamine bead intermediate morphology characterization have transmissometer seek peace scanning characterization, knot
Fruit sees c and d in Fig. 1 respectively；By the c and d in Fig. 1 as it can be seen that intermediate surface becomes coarse, this is because basic carbonate gadolinium covers
It covers caused by poly-dopamine ball surface, maintains and the consistent spherical appearance of template PDA and single dispersibility.
Gadolinium oxide hollow sphere morphology characterization has transmissometer to seek peace scanning characterization, and transmission electron microscope is characterized in Japanese Hitachi
It is carried out on the transmission electron microscope that company model is 120KV HT7700；Scanning electron microscope is characterized in Japanese Hitachi company model
Regulus-8100 retouches electron microscope progress, and result is shown in e and f in Fig. 1 respectively.By the e and f in Fig. 1 as it can be seen that with centre
Body is compared, and spherical appearance remains intact, and bulb diameter becomes smaller, this is because caused by shrinking during calcining.
Its X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis characterization (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS) passes through beauty
The Al Ka radiation of Thermo Fisher Scientific company, state, thermocouple ESCALAB250XI spectroscope obtain；Element contains
Amount analysis is obtained by energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscope；Powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) data are to pass through Germany
D8ADVANCEBRUKER is obtained；Concrete outcome is shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 respectively, Gd in Fig. 2, O, what its electron transition of C element generated
Electron binding energy power spectrum, the content that Gd content is 82.34%, O in Fig. 3 is 13.89%.Its diffraction maximum peak shape is sharp in Fig. 4, nothing
Miscellaneous peak illustrates that sample purity is higher, goes out the corresponding crystal face in peak position and is fully able to and Gd2O3(PDF#43-1014) it matches.On
It states and has proved the present invention from pattern and elemental analysis and be successfully prepared Gd2O3Nano hollow sphere material.
Similarly, to embodiment
Embodiment 2
(1) first poly-dopamine bead is scattered in water and/or ethyl alcohol, add containing gadolinium salt, urea element aqueous solution in elder generation
It is mixed 1.2h at 70 DEG C, contact 25h, the addition quality of poly-dopamine bead, gadolinium salt, urea element are then continuesd to mix in 10 DEG C
The ratio between be 0.2:0.5:5, obtain basic carbonate gadolinium package poly-dopamine bead intermediate；
(2) by the intermediate high-temperature calcination in air of basic carbonate gadolinium package poly-dopamine bead, first from room temperature
To 380 DEG C, in 380 DEG C of maintenance 1.2h；Then 530 DEG C are warming up to, room temperature, the heating speed are down to after 530 DEG C of maintenance 2.5h
Rate is 0.8min/ DEG C, and rate of temperature fall is 4min/ DEG C, obtains gadolinium oxide hollow sphere；
(3) by 3 μ L contain gadolinium oxide hollow sphere dispersion liquid (in dispersion liquid the mass ratio of gadolinium oxide hollow sphere and water be 4:
1000) drop coating is in glassy carbon electrode surface, and then in 1 μ L Nafion dilution of glassy carbon electrode surface drop coating, (mass fraction is
4%) electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification, is obtained.
Embodiment 3
(1) first poly-dopamine bead is scattered in water and/or ethyl alcohol, add containing gadolinium salt, urea element aqueous solution in elder generation
It is mixed 0.8h at 85 DEG C, contact 15-25h, the addition of poly-dopamine bead, gadolinium salt, urea element are then continuesd to mix in 30 DEG C
The ratio between amount is 0.2:2:7, obtains the intermediate of basic carbonate gadolinium package poly-dopamine bead；
(2) by the intermediate high-temperature calcination in air of basic carbonate gadolinium package poly-dopamine bead, first from room temperature
To 420 DEG C, in 420 DEG C of maintenance 0.8h；Then 580 DEG C are warming up to, is down to 10-30 DEG C after maintaining 1.5 at 580 DEG C, the heating
Rate is 1.5min/ DEG C, and rate of temperature fall is 6min/ DEG C, obtains gadolinium oxide hollow sphere；
(3) by dispersion liquid that 3 μ L contain gadolinium oxide hollow sphere, (mass ratio of gadolinium oxide hollow sphere and water is in dispersion liquid
10:1000) drop coating is in glassy carbon electrode surface, and then in 1 μ L Nafion dilution of glassy carbon electrode surface drop coating, (mass fraction is
8%) electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification, is obtained.
Similarly, it has carried out same detection to the gadolinium oxide hollow sphere in embodiment 2,3 to characterize, as a result and in embodiment 1
Result it is close, it was demonstrated that be prepared for Gd2O3Nano hollow sphere material.
Application examples 1
Construct electrochemical sensor: using 0.05mol/L PBS solution as electrolyte, using modified electrode as working electrode, choosing
Platinum electrode is selected as auxiliary electrode, calomel electrode is as reference electrode, and modified electrode is as working electrode.
DPV method is used in three electrode test systems, electrolyte is first led into nitrogen 10-15min, then carry out DPV test, is surveyed
Each enrichment time is 30s in examination, and accumulating potential is -0.6V, measures the relationship of peak current and parathion-methyl concentration.Such as figure
That 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 5 abscissa E/V are indicated is voltage, unit volt V；What vertical seat Current (μ A) indicated is electric current, and unit is μ
A.Fig. 6 abscissa Concentration of MP μM indicate be parathion-methyl concentration, unit be μM, ordinate
What Current (μ A) was indicated is electric current.Unit is μ A.According to Fig. 6, the concentration of peak current and parathion-methyl is in a linear relationship,
Draw working curve；Measurement result shows that the concentration of parathion-methyl is in a linear relationship within the scope of 0.05-100 μM, linear to be
Number is 0.993, and detection is limited to 0.03 μM.
Detect example 1
The test of electrochemical sensor stability of the present invention, which is placed in 4 DEG C and is saved, will be obtained
Modified electrode selects platinum electrode as auxiliary electrode, calomel electrode is as reference electrode, with 0.05mol/ as working electrode
L PBS (pH=7) solution is electrolyte, three electrode test systems is first put into logical nitrogen 10-15min in electrolyte, then
DPV test is carried out, the accumulating potential that DPV is selected is -0.6V, and enrichment time 30s, the concentration of parathion-methyl is 100 μM, is opened
Begin the three days detection response currents in interval, is spaced six days detection response currents afterwards, after which stores 15 days, rings
It answers electric current to maintain the 94.9% of initial current, shows that the stability of the electrochemical sensor is preferable.Its concrete outcome is shown in Fig. 7,
It can be seen that the relationship between peak current and time, shows that the stability of the electrochemical sensor is preferable.
Detect example 2
The test of electrochemical sensor reproducibility of the present invention takes 5 modified electrodes produced at identical conditions in phase
The response current that 100 μM of parathion-methyls are measured under the conditions of, uses DPV method during this, the accumulating potential that DPV is selected for-
0.6V, enrichment time 30s, the response current that 5 electrochemical sensors are measured carry out lateral comparison, obtain its opposite mark
Quasi- deviation is 3.9%.Its concrete outcome is shown in Fig. 8, it is seen that 5 it is parallel under the conditions of modified electrode measurement peak current response,
Prove that the sensor has good reproducibility.
Detect example 3
The sensor is detected object parathion-methyl by the test of electrochemical sensor anti-interference ability of the present invention
(MP), interfering substance such as ascorbic acid (AA), hydroquinone (HQ), D-Glucose (Glu), metanitrophenol (M-NP), pyrrole worm
Quinoline (IMI), pyrazosulfuron (PSE).The molecular structural formula for detecting target substance and interfering substance is as follows.
It is measured using DPV method, using modified electrode obtained as working electrode, selects platinum electrode as auxiliary electrode,
Calomel electrode is as reference electrode, using 0.05mol/L PBS (pH=7) solution as electrolyte, first puts three electrode test systems
Enter logical nitrogen 10-15min in electrolyte, the accumulating potential that DPV is selected is -0.6V, enrichment time 30s, every kind of substance
Concentration is 100 μM, the response current of the response current of interfering substance and parathion-methyl is compared, wherein obtaining ascorbic acid
(AA) interference signal is 4.3%, and the interference signal of hydroquinone (HQ) is 4.9%, and D-Glucose (Glu) interference signal is
5.2%, metanitrophenol (M-NP) interference signal is 4.8%, and imidacloprid (IMI) interference signal is -2.4%, pyrazosulfuron
Interference signal is 9.4%.Its concrete outcome is shown in Fig. 9, and the interference free performance of the electrochemical sensor is preferable.
Application examples 2
The test of electrochemical sensor practical application of the present invention, actual sample choose Chinese cabbage respectively, and Chinese cabbage chooses it
Extracting solution, tap water, rice field water；It being detected using standard addition method, the normal concentration of parathion-methyl chooses 1 μM respectively, and 3 μM, 5
μM, it is measured in parallel three times, the result is shown in tables 1.Its rate of recovery is 95.5%-106%.Show that the practicality is preferable.
Table 1
Same detection and application, gained testing result and implementation have been carried out to the gadolinium oxide hollow sphere in embodiment 2,3
Result in example 1 is close, it was demonstrated that is prepared for the electrode and electrochemical sensor of the modification of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above in detail, still, during present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above
Detail within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention can be with various simple variants of the technical solution of the present invention are made, this
A little simple variants all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
It is further to note that specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments, in not lance
In the case where shield, can be combined in any appropriate way, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention to it is various can
No further explanation will be given for the combination of energy.
In addition, various embodiments of the present invention can be combined randomly, as long as it is without prejudice to originally
The thought of invention, it should also be regarded as the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of the electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification, which comprises the following steps:
(1) by poly-dopamine bead be added containing gadolinium salt, urea element aqueous solution in be mixed, obtain basic carbonate gadolinium packet
Wrap up in the intermediate of poly-dopamine bead；
(2) by the intermediate of basic carbonate gadolinium package poly-dopamine bead, high-temperature calcination obtains gadolinium oxide hollow sphere in air；
(3) dispersant liquid drop containing gadolinium oxide hollow sphere is coated in glassy carbon electrode surface, then in glassy carbon electrode surface drop coating
Nafion dilution obtains the electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the addition of poly-dopamine bead, gadolinium salt, urea element in step (1)
Mass ratio is 0.2:0.5-2:5-7.
3. preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the process being mixed in step (1) includes: first in 70-85
DEG C it is mixed 0.8-1.2h, contact 15-25h is then continuesd to mix in 10-30 DEG C.
4. preparation method according to claim 3, wherein further include before being mixed, first by poly-dopamine bead point
It dissipates in water and/or ethyl alcohol, the step being then added to again in the aqueous solution containing gadolinium salt and urea element.
5. preparation method according to claim 1-4, wherein step (2) high temperature calcining condition include: in
400 DEG C of -600 DEG C of calcining 2-4h.
6. according to right want 5 described in preparation method, wherein calcination process include: first from room temperature to 380-420 DEG C,
In 380-420 DEG C of maintenance 0.8-1.2h；Then it is warming up to 530-580 DEG C, is down to 10- after 530-580 DEG C of maintenance 1.5-2.5h
30 DEG C, the heating rate is 0.8-1.5min/ DEG C, and rate of temperature fall is 4-6min/ DEG C.
7. preparation method according to claim 1-4, wherein gadolinium oxide hollow sphere in the dispersion liquid of step (3)
Mass ratio with water is 4-10:1000；
And/or the mass fraction of Nafion dilution is 4-8%.
And/or gadolinium salt is one of six water gadolinium nitrates, gadolinium acetate and gadolinium carbonate or a variety of.
8. a kind of electricity of the gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball that the described in any item preparation methods of claim 1-7 are prepared modification
Pole.
9. a kind of electrochemical sensor, which is characterized in that including working electrode, auxiliary electrode, reference electrode and electrolyte；Its
In, working electrode is the electrode of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball according to any one of claims 8 modification.
10. the electrode and electrochemical sensor as claimed in claim 9 of gadolinium oxide nano-hollow ball modification according to any one of claims 8
Application in detection parathion-methyl.
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| CN112831078A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-05-25 | 南通大学 | Preparation method of core-shell structure tungsten/gadolinium oxide PVC (polyvinyl chloride) calendered material for X and gamma ray protection |
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| JP2002031614A (en) * | 2000-07-14 | 2002-01-31 | Riken Corp | Nitrous oxide gas sensor |
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| JP2002031614A (en) * | 2000-07-14 | 2002-01-31 | Riken Corp | Nitrous oxide gas sensor |
| CN102327625A (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2012-01-25 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Water-soluble nano composite material and preparation method and use thereof |
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