CN110054900B - Toughening gel for plant fiber reinforced composite material and preparation method thereof, and plant fiber reinforced composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Toughening gel for plant fiber reinforced composite material and preparation method thereof, and plant fiber reinforced composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of polymer modification, and particularly provides a toughening gel for a plant fiber reinforced composite material and a preparation method thereof, and the plant fiber reinforced composite material and the preparation method thereof. The toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material is prepared from plant oil and binary anhydride, wherein the molar ratio of the plant oil to the binary anhydride is 1:1-1:10, and the binary anhydride comprises at least one of suberic anhydride, azelaic anhydride or sebacic anhydride. The toughening gel has the rubber characteristics of small density, large porosity and good elasticity, can play a toughening effect similar to rubber when added into a plant fiber reinforced composite material, and has the advantages of environment-friendly and renewable raw materials and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of polymer modification, and in particular relates to a toughening gel for a plant fiber reinforced composite material and a preparation method thereof, and the plant fiber reinforced composite material and the preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the concern of people on energy conservation, environmental protection and energy problems, the biomass-based green and environment-friendly composite material is widely researched, popularized and applied. Plant fibers are gradually applied to polymer matrix composites as an important biomass material. The plant fiber has the advantages of wide source, low price, environmental protection, degradability, renewability and the like, and is a biomass raw material with application potential. However, due to the complex structure of the surface of the plant fiber and the hydrophilic property of the plant fiber, when the plant fiber is blended with a hydrophobic organic polymer to form a composite material, the interface compatibility and the bonding property are poor, and meanwhile, the dispersion property of the plant fiber in the polymer is poor, so that the mechanical property of the composite material is reduced, and the application requirement of the composite material is difficult to meet.
In order to make the performance of the plant fiber reinforced composite material meet the requirements, the compatibility between the fiber and the polymer is generally increased by grafting modification of the plant fiber, or the performance of the composite material is improved by adding a toughening agent (such as thermoplastic elastomer ethylene propylene diene monomer EPDM, hydrogenated styrene-butadiene block copolymer SEBS) and the like into the composite material. Among them, the graft modification treatment using plant fibers usually requires harsh reaction conditions and expensive reagents, which increases the material cost. The method for toughening the thermoplastic elastomer rubber has the characteristics of simple preparation process and low cost, but also has the defects of nondegradable additives, raw material pollution and the like.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a toughening gel for a plant fiber reinforced composite material, which has the characteristics of rubber with small density, large porosity and good elasticity, can achieve the toughening effect similar to rubber when being added into the plant fiber reinforced composite material, and has the advantages of environment-friendly and renewable raw materials and low cost.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material.
A third object of the present invention is to provide a plant fiber reinforced composite material.
The fourth purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the plant fiber reinforced composite material.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a toughening gel for a plant fiber reinforced composite material, which is prepared from plant oil and binary anhydride, wherein the molar ratio of the plant oil to the binary anhydride is 1:1-1:10, and the binary anhydride comprises at least one of suberic anhydride, azelaic anhydride or sebacic anhydride.
As a further preferable technical scheme, the molar ratio of the vegetable oil to the dibasic acid anhydride is 1:1-1: 2.
As a further preferred technical solution, the vegetable oil comprises at least one of tung oil, epoxidized soybean oil, castor oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil or peanut oil.
As a further preferred technical solution, the vegetable oil comprises tung oil and epoxidized soybean oil.
As a further preferable technical scheme, the weight ratio of the epoxidized soybean oil to the tung oil is 1:0.1-1:10, preferably 1:2-1: 10.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of the toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material, which comprises the following steps: heating and mixing the vegetable oil and the dibasic acid anhydride until the dibasic acid anhydride is completely dissolved, then mixing and reacting with an optional catalyst until a stable gelatinous substance is formed, and drying to obtain the toughening gel.
As a further preferable technical scheme, the heating temperature of the vegetable oil and the dibasic acid anhydride is 170-190 ℃;
preferably, the catalyst comprises at least one of DMAP, TEBAC, or DCC;
preferably, the reaction time is 20-40 min.
As a further preferable embodiment, the method further comprises the steps of washing the gel-like material after the stable gel-like material is formed, and then drying the gel-like material;
preferably, the cleaning agent used in cleaning comprises at least one of acetone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, xylene or phenol;
preferably, the drying temperature is 75-85 ℃, and the drying time is 20-30 h;
preferably, the drying comprises vacuum drying.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a plant fiber reinforced composite material, which comprises the toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material or the toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material prepared by the preparation method, wherein the content of the toughening gel is preferably 1% -30%.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of the plant fiber reinforced composite material, which comprises the following steps: and mixing, melting, extruding and granulating the toughening gel, the plant fiber and the polymer in sequence to obtain the composite material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material is prepared by adopting the plant oil and the binary anhydride in a specific ratio. The gel has the rubber characteristics of small density, large porosity and good elasticity, and can play a role in toughening similar to rubber when being added into a plant fiber reinforced composite material. The vegetable oil is organic natural macromolecule, the specific binary anhydride is organic micromolecule, the raw material source is wide, the cost is low, and the vegetable oil is renewable, degradable, green and environment-friendly.
The preparation method of the toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material provided by the invention has the advantages that the process is simple, the toughening gel can be obtained without adopting severe reaction conditions, the gel can be formed after the vegetable oil and the dicarboxylic anhydride are subjected to a crosslinking reaction, the cost is low, and the prepared toughening gel has the advantages of good toughening effect, environmental friendliness and low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing impact properties of PP, PP/fibrilia/example 19 composite;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the tensile properties of PP, PP/fibrilia/example 19 composites.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
It should be noted that:
in the present invention, all the embodiments and preferred methods mentioned herein can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution, if not specifically stated.
In the present invention, all the technical features mentioned herein and preferred features may be combined with each other to form a new technical solution, if not specifically stated.
In the present invention, unless otherwise stated, the numerical range "a-b" represents a shorthand representation of any combination of real numbers between a and b, where a and b are both real numbers. For example, the value range "170-" 190 "represents that all real numbers between" 170- "190" have been listed herein, and "170-" 190 "is only an abbreviated representation of the combination of these values.
Unless otherwise defined, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is familiar to those skilled in the art. In addition, any methods or materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the present invention.
According to one aspect of the invention, in at least one embodiment, the toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material is prepared by adopting plant oil and binary anhydride, wherein the molar ratio of the plant oil to the binary anhydride is 1:1-1:10, and the binary anhydride comprises at least one of suberic anhydride, azelaic anhydride or sebacic anhydride.
The toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material is prepared by adopting the plant oil and the binary acid anhydride in a specific ratio, has the rubber characteristics of small density, large porosity and good elasticity, and can play a rubber-like toughening effect when being added into the plant fiber reinforced composite material. In addition, the vegetable oil is organic natural macromolecules, the specific binary anhydride is organic micromolecules, the raw material source is wide, the cost is low, and the vegetable oil is renewable, degradable, green and environment-friendly.
It should be noted that:
the "plant fiber-reinforced composite material" is a composite material comprising a plant fiber as a reinforcement and a polymer as a matrix.
The "toughening gel" refers to a gel that has a toughening effect.
The "vegetable oil" includes, but is not limited to, epoxidized soybean oil, tung oil, castor oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, or the like.
The term "dicarboxylic anhydride" as used herein refers to a long linear dicarboxylic anhydride having two carboxylic acid functional groups. The above-mentioned dibasic acid anhydride includes, but is not limited to, suberic anhydride, azelaic anhydride, sebacic anhydride, a mixture of suberic anhydride and azelaic anhydride, a mixture of suberic anhydride and sebacic anhydride, or a mixture of suberic anhydride, azelaic anhydride and sebacic anhydride, etc.
The molar ratio of the vegetable oil to the dibasic acid anhydride may be, for example, 1:1, 1:1.25, 1:1.5, 1:1.75, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9 or 1: 10.
In a preferred embodiment, the vegetable oil and the dibasic acid anhydride are present in a molar ratio of 1:1 to 1: 2. When the molar ratio of the vegetable oil to the dibasic acid anhydride is 1:1-1:2, the obtained toughening gel has higher porosity and better elasticity, so that the toughening effect on the composite material is better.
In a preferred embodiment, the vegetable oil comprises at least one of tung oil, epoxidized soybean oil, castor oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil or peanut oil. The above vegetable oils include, but are not limited to, the following: tung oil, epoxidized soybean oil, castor oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, combinations of tung oil and epoxidized soybean oil, combinations of castor oil and linseed oil, combinations of rapeseed oil and peanut oil, combinations of tung oil, epoxidized soybean oil and castor oil, or combinations of linseed oil, rapeseed oil and peanut oil, and the like.
Preferably, the vegetable oil comprises tung oil and epoxidized soybean oil. The tung oil has the characteristics of light specific gravity, strong adhesive force, heat resistance, acid resistance and alkali resistance; the epoxidized soybean oil has excellent thermal stability and light stability, and also has excellent water resistance and oil resistance, and can endow the product with good mechanical strength and weather resistance. When the vegetable oil comprises tung oil and epoxidized soybean oil, the toughening gel can exert the comprehensive advantages of the tung oil and the epoxidized soybean oil, thereby further reducing the density of the toughening gel and improving the toughening effect of the toughening gel.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the epoxidized soybean oil to the tung oil is 1:0.1-1:10, preferably 1:2-1: 10. The above weight ratio is typically, but not limited to, 1:0.1, 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, or 1: 10. When the weight ratio of the tung oil to the epoxidized soybean oil is within the range, the crosslinking effect of the tung oil and the epoxidized soybean oil is better, and the toughening effect of the gel can be further improved.
According to another aspect of the present invention, in at least one embodiment, there is provided a method for preparing the toughening gel for a plant fiber reinforced composite material, comprising the following steps: heating and mixing the vegetable oil and the dibasic acid anhydride until the dibasic acid anhydride is completely dissolved, then mixing and reacting with an optional catalyst until a stable gelatinous substance is formed, and drying to obtain the toughening gel.
The preparation method has simple process, can obtain the toughening gel without adopting severe reaction conditions, can form the gel after the vegetable oil and the binary anhydride are subjected to crosslinking reaction, and has low cost, and the prepared toughening gel has the advantages of good toughening effect, environmental protection and low cost.
The term "completely dissolved" means that the dibasic acid anhydride is dissolved in the vegetable oil, and the dibasic acid anhydride is completely changed into a liquid state and uniformly mixed with the vegetable oil.
The "stable gel-like substance" refers to a flocculent black substance formed in the reaction solution.
In a preferred embodiment, the heating temperature of the vegetable oil and the dibasic acid anhydride is 170-190 ℃. The heating temperature is typically, but not limited to, 170 deg.C, 172 deg.C, 174 deg.C, 176 deg.C, 178 deg.C, 180 deg.C, 182 deg.C, 184 deg.C, 186 deg.C, 188 deg.C or 190 deg.C.
Optionally, the vegetable oil and the dibasic acid anhydride are heated in an oil bath, and/or the two are mixed by magnetic stirring.
Preferably, the catalyst comprises at least one of DMAP, TEBAC, or DCC. DMAP (4-dimethylamino pyridine ) is a super-strong nucleophilic acylation catalyst; TEBAC (benzyltriethylammonium chloride) is a phase transfer catalyst; DCC (Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) can also be used for catalysis, increasing the reaction rate. Typical but non-limiting examples of such catalysts are DMAP, TEBAC, DCC, a combination of DMAP and TEBAC, a combination of TEBAC and DCC, or a combination of DMAP, TEBAC and DCC.
Preferably, the reaction time is 20-40 min. The above time is typically, but not limited to, 20min, 22min, 24min, 26min, 28min, 30min, 32min, 34min, 36min, 38min or 40 min. After the reaction for the above time, a stable gel-like material can be obtained.
In a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises the step of washing the gel-like material after the stable gel-like material is formed, and then drying the gel-like material.
Preferably, the cleaning agent used in the cleaning includes at least one of acetone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, xylene, or phenol. Typical but non-limiting examples of such cleaning agents are acetone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, xylene, phenol, a combination of acetone and chloroform, a combination of carbon tetrachloride and xylene, a combination of xylene and phenol, or a combination of acetone, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, and the like.
Optionally, the number of washes is 2-3.
In a preferred embodiment, the drying temperature is 75-85 ℃ and the drying time is 20-30 h. The drying temperature is typically, but not limited to, 75 deg.C, 76 deg.C, 77 deg.C, 78 deg.C, 79 deg.C, 80 deg.C, 81 deg.C, 82 deg.C, 83 deg.C, 84 deg.C or 85 deg.C; the above drying time is typically, but not limited to, 20h, 21h, 22h, 23h, 24h, 25h, 26h, 27h, 28h, 29h or 30 h.
Preferably, the drying comprises vacuum drying. The drying efficiency of vacuum drying is higher, and the gel with a porous structure is more favorably formed.
The density of the toughening gel prepared by the method is 0.7-0.8 g/cm3The porosity is about 80%, and the flexural modulus is about 100 MPa.
According to another aspect of the present invention, in at least one embodiment, there is provided a plant fiber reinforced composite material, comprising the above toughening gel for plant fiber reinforced composite material, wherein the content of the toughening gel is preferably 1% to 30%. The plant fiber reinforced composite material comprises the toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material, so that the plant fiber reinforced composite material has the advantages of strong toughness, environmental protection and low cost.
The content refers to the weight percentage of the toughening gel in the composite material. Such amounts are typically, but not limited to, 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, 26%, 28%, or 30%.
According to another aspect of the present invention, in at least one embodiment, there is provided a method for preparing the above plant fiber reinforced composite material, comprising the steps of: and mixing, melting, extruding and granulating the toughening gel, the plant fiber and the polymer in sequence to obtain the composite material.
Alternatively, the melting temperature is 170-. The melting temperature is typically, but not limited to, 170 deg.C, 172 deg.C, 174 deg.C, 176 deg.C, 178 deg.C, 180 deg.C, 182 deg.C, 184 deg.C, 186 deg.C, 188 deg.C or 190 deg.C.
In addition, the above-mentioned mixing, melting and extrusion granulation steps are performed in a manner that can be realized in the art, and the present invention is not particularly limited thereto.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and comparative examples.
Example 1
A toughening gel for a plant fiber reinforced composite material is prepared from cottonseed oil and suberic anhydride, wherein the molar ratio of the cottonseed oil to the suberic anhydride is 1: 5.
Example 2
The toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material is prepared by adopting cottonseed oil and binary anhydride, wherein the molar ratio of the cottonseed oil to the binary anhydride is 1:8, and the binary anhydride is a mixture of suberic anhydride and azelaic anhydride with the molar ratio of 1:1.
Example 3
The toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material is prepared by adopting cottonseed oil and sebacic anhydride, wherein the molar ratio of the cottonseed oil to the sebacic anhydride is 1: 10.
Examples 4 to 6
A toughening gel for a plant fiber reinforced composite material is different from the toughening gel in example 3 in that the molar ratios of the cottonseed oil to the sebacic anhydride in examples 4-6 are 1:1, 1:2 and 1:1.25 respectively.
Example 7
A toughening gel for a plant fiber reinforced composite material is prepared from castor oil and sebacic anhydride, wherein the molar ratio of the castor oil to the sebacic anhydride is 1: 1.25.
Example 8
A toughening gel for a plant fiber reinforced composite material is prepared from epoxidized soybean oil and sebacic anhydride, wherein the molar ratio of the epoxidized soybean oil to the sebacic anhydride is 1: 1.25.
Example 9
A toughening gel for a plant fiber reinforced composite material is prepared from vegetable oil and sebacic anhydride, wherein the molar ratio of the vegetable oil to the sebacic anhydride is 1:1.25, and the vegetable oil is epoxidized soybean oil and tung oil in a weight ratio of 1: 15.
Examples 10 to 13
A toughening gel for a plant fiber reinforced composite material is different from the toughening gel in the embodiment 9, in the embodiment 10-13, the weight ratio of epoxidized soybean oil to tung oil is 1:0.1, 1:2, 1:5 and 1:10 respectively.
Unlike example 9, the weight ratio of epoxidized soybean oil to tung oil in examples 10-13 is within the preferred range of the present invention and the weight ratio of epoxidized soybean oil to tung oil in examples 11-13 is within the further preferred range of the present invention.
The preparation method of the toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material in the embodiments 1 to 13 comprises the following steps: heating and mixing the vegetable oil and the binary anhydride until the binary anhydride is completely dissolved, then mixing the mixture with a catalyst and reacting until a stable gelatinous substance is formed, and drying the gelatinous substance to obtain the toughening gel.
Example 14
The method for preparing the toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material according to embodiment 13 includes the following steps: heating vegetable oil and sebacic anhydride in an oil bath to 170 ℃, stirring by adopting magnetic force until binary anhydride is completely dissolved, then mixing with DMAP, reacting for 40min to form a stable gelatinous substance, cleaning for 3 times by adopting acetone, and then drying in vacuum at 70 ℃ for 18h to obtain the toughening gel.
Example 15
The preparation method of the toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material is different from the embodiment 14 in that the heating temperature is 190 ℃ and the reaction time is 20 min.
Example 16
The preparation method of the toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material is different from the embodiment 14 in that the heating temperature is 180 ℃ and the reaction time is 30 min.
Example 17
The preparation method of the toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material is different from the embodiment 16 in that the drying temperature is 75 ℃ and the drying time is 30 hours.
Example 18
The preparation method of the toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material is different from the embodiment 17 in that the drying temperature is 85 ℃ and the drying time is 20 hours.
Example 19
The preparation method of the toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material is different from the embodiment 17 in that the drying temperature is 80 ℃ and the drying time is 24 hours.
Comparative example 1
A toughening gel for a plant fiber reinforced composite material is prepared from cottonseed oil and succinic anhydride, wherein the molar ratio of the cottonseed oil to the succinic anhydride is 1: 5.
Unlike example 1, in this comparative example, octanedioic anhydride was replaced by butanedioic anhydride.
Comparative example 2
A toughening gel for a plant fiber reinforced composite material is prepared from cottonseed oil and adipic acid, wherein the molar ratio of the cottonseed oil to the adipic acid is 1: 5.
In contrast to example 1, in this comparative example, adipic acid was replaced by suberic anhydride.
Comparative example 3
A toughening gel for a plant fiber reinforced composite material is prepared from cottonseed oil and polyazelaic anhydride, wherein the molar ratio of the cottonseed oil to the polyazelaic anhydride is 1: 5.
Unlike example 1, in this comparative example suberic anhydride was replaced by polyazelaic anhydride.
Comparative example 4
The toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material is prepared by adopting cottonseed oil and suberic anhydride, wherein the molar ratio of the cottonseed oil to the suberic anhydride is 1: 0.5.
Unlike example 1, the molar ratio of cottonseed oil to suberic anhydride in this comparative example is outside the range provided by the present invention.
Comparative example 5
A toughening gel for a plant fiber reinforced composite material is prepared from cottonseed oil and suberic anhydride, wherein the molar ratio of the cottonseed oil to the suberic anhydride is 1: 20.
Unlike example 1, the molar ratio of cottonseed oil to suberic anhydride in this comparative example is outside the range provided by the present invention.
The toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material in each example and each comparative example, fibrilia and PP (Polypropylene) are sequentially mixed, melted, extruded and granulated to obtain the composite material, wherein the content of the toughening gel is 20%.
Effect test
The performance tests of the PP material, PP/fibrilia/EPDM and the composite material made with the toughened gels of the examples and comparative examples described above were performed separately and are shown in table 1.
The test method comprises the following steps: the impact property test is carried out according to GB/T1451-2005 'method for testing simple beam impact toughness of fiber reinforced plastics', and the tensile property test is carried out according to GB/T1447-2005 'method for testing tensile property of fiber reinforced plastics'.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the composite materials prepared by the examples 1-19 have comprehensive properties superior to those of the comparative examples 1-5, PP materials and PP/fibrilia materials, and the properties are equivalent to those of PP/fibrilia/EPDM materials, so that the toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material provided by the invention can effectively enhance the toughness of the composite material and can be used for replacing the existing thermoplastic elastomer rubber toughening agent.
Further analysis shows that the comprehensive performance of the examples 4-6 is better than that of the example 3, which shows that the toughening effect of the toughening gel can be further improved by adopting the preferred ratio of the vegetable oil and the dicarboxylic anhydride of the invention.
The comprehensive performance of the example 9 is superior to that of the examples 6 to 8, which shows that the toughening effect of the toughening gel can be further improved by adopting the preferred vegetable oil of the invention; the comprehensive performance of examples 10-13 is superior to that of example 9, which demonstrates that the preferred ratio of epoxidized soybean oil to tung oil in the present invention can further enhance the toughening effect of the toughening gel; the overall performance of examples 11-13 is superior to that of example 10, demonstrating that the toughening effect of the toughened gel can be further improved using the further preferred epoxidized soybean oil to tung oil ratio of the present invention.
The overall performance of examples 14-16 is superior to that of example 13, demonstrating that the toughening effect of the toughened gel can be further improved using the preferred heating temperature and reaction time of the present invention; the overall performance of examples 17-19 is superior to that of example 16, demonstrating that the toughening effect of the toughened gel can be further improved using the preferred drying temperatures and drying times of the present invention.
In addition, as can be seen from fig. 1 and fig. 2, after the toughening gel in example 19 of the present application is used to modify a fibrilia modified PP material, the impact resistance is significantly improved, the impact strength is improved by about one time, and the tensile property is not significantly reduced, which indicates that the toughening gel provided by the present invention has a good toughening effect on the fibrilia modified PP material, and can significantly improve the comprehensive performance thereof.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
Claims (17)
1. The toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material is characterized by being prepared from plant oil and binary anhydride, wherein the molar ratio of the plant oil to the binary anhydride is 1:1-1:10, and the binary anhydride comprises at least one of suberic anhydride, azelaic anhydride or sebacic anhydride.
2. The toughening gel for a plant fiber reinforced composite according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the plant oil to the dibasic acid anhydride is 1:1 to 1: 2.
3. The toughening gel of claim 1 or 2, wherein the vegetable oil comprises at least one of tung oil, epoxidized soybean oil, castor oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil, or peanut oil.
4. The toughening gel for a plant fiber reinforced composite of claim 3, wherein the plant oil comprises tung oil and epoxidized soybean oil.
5. The toughening gel for a plant fiber reinforced composite according to claim 4, wherein the weight ratio of the epoxidized soybean oil to the tung oil is from 1:0.1 to 1: 10.
6. The toughening gel for a plant fiber reinforced composite according to claim 4, wherein the weight ratio of the epoxidized soybean oil to the tung oil is from 1:2 to 1: 10.
7. The method for preparing the toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: heating and mixing the vegetable oil and the dibasic acid anhydride until the dibasic acid anhydride is completely dissolved, then mixing and reacting with an optional catalyst until a stable gelatinous substance is formed, and drying to obtain the toughening gel.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the heating temperature of the vegetable oil and the dibasic acid anhydride is 170-190 ℃.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one of DMAP, TEBAC, or DCC.
10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the reaction time is 20 to 40 min.
11. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, further comprising a step of washing the gel-like material after the stable gel-like material is formed, and then drying the gel-like material.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the cleaning agent used for cleaning comprises at least one of acetone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, xylene, or phenol.
13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the drying temperature is 75 to 85 ℃ and the drying time is 20 to 30 hours.
14. The method of claim 11, wherein the drying comprises vacuum drying.
15. A plant fiber reinforced composite material, which is characterized by comprising the toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material of any one of claims 1 to 6 or the toughening gel for the plant fiber reinforced composite material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 7 to 14.
16. The plant fiber reinforced composite of claim 15, wherein the weight percentage of the toughening gel is 1% -30%.
17. The method for preparing a plant fiber reinforced composite material according to claim 15, comprising the steps of: and mixing, melting, extruding and granulating the toughening gel, the plant fiber and the polymer in sequence to obtain the composite material.
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