CN110051374A - 用新型的TlBr探测器做成的伽玛相机 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明所公开的用新型的TlBr探测器做成的伽玛相机,包括探头部分、机身部分、外壳、控制端电脑;探头部分包括TlBr半导体探测器、准直器、适合于TlBr半导体探测器的电子学部分,探头部分通过机械连接件固定安装在机身部分的上部,外壳包裹探头部分和机身部分,控制端电脑与机身部分分离,采用网线连接。用新型的TlBr探测器做成的伽玛相机,能量分辨率提高,位置分辨率提高,灵敏度提高。
Description
技术领域。
本发明涉及辐射成像、测试、诊断及相关领域,本发明尤其适用于伽玛相机、包括伽玛相机的医学成像***、利用伽玛相机原理的断层摄影医学成像***等,更具体地说,本发明涉及用新型的TlBr探测器做成的伽玛相机。
背景技术。
在核医学领域的成像设备中,伽玛相机、SPECT、PET是较为常用的用于放射性核素显像的仪器。探测器是放射性核素显像的仪器最重要的组成部分,而闪烁体是传统探测器的核心。针对γ射线的探测,目前广泛使用的技术是,采用掺铊碘化钠(NaI(Tl))、锗酸铋(BGO)、硅酸钇镥(LYSO)等闪烁体,将γ射线转变为荧光,再用光电倍增管或其他光电转换器件将光信号转变为成像需要的电信号。但是,从γ射线到电信号之间要经过多次转化、处理,荧光在晶体内存在散射,造成大量信息的丢失,同时也降低了对来自体内的γ射线定位的精确度,限制了核医学设备的位置分辨率、灵敏度。因此,基于闪烁体、光电倍增管、后续电路基础技术的传统核医学设备具有明显的缺陷,对于病灶的检测精度受到了一定程度的影响,设备的潜在价值无法充分发挥。
如图1是现有技术中的一种伽玛相机探头部分的原理示意图,现有技术中的伽玛相机采用Anger原理进行成像,包括准直器、探测器和电子学部分。可以对能量范围在E1~E2能量范围内的射线进行成像,下面结合应用情况对其结构和工作原理简要介绍如下:为保证只有在特定路径下的入射光子被检测到,需使用准直器10进行准直,其中多采用针孔准直器。针孔准直器利用小孔成像的原理,将待检测的区域形成投影图,成像大小可以为原图像的特定比例,利用该方案可以提高位置分辨率。此外,该伽玛相机还包括探测器部分11,由闪烁体和若干光电倍增管组成,可以将入射的伽玛射线转换为可以被探测的光子,经光电倍增管光电转换并放大,输出可测电信号。伽玛相机中的电子学部分12对探头输出的信号进行处理并计算。位置分辨率与针孔大小和探头有关,能量范围E1到E2与探头性质与电子学部分电路的处理能力有关。如图1所示,两个方向的射线R1和R2通过针孔准直器照射在探头的不同区域,探头中相应位置的光电倍增管将会产生不同幅值的电信号,幅值与入射光子的能量成正比,通过相应的算法进行处理,即可得到入射光子的位置信息和能量信息。
受限于探测器本身的性能,伽玛相机的能量分辨率和位置分辨率长期无法进一步提升。传统光电倍增管本身对位置计算并不精确,虽然通过技术的改进以及引入算法可以得到改善,但仍无法实现较大突破;而且传统的NaI(Tl)闪烁体本身对能量的分辨能力有限,这就导致了在实际医疗诊断过程中对病灶部位的成像较为模糊,无法对疾病发生的早期小病灶的诊断提供有效的信息,设备的应用潜力受到了限制。
最近有新型的CZT半导体探测器制成的伽玛相机,在一定程度上克服了传统闪烁探测器的伽玛相机的缺陷;但其存在CZT晶体生长困难、探测器制作工艺较复杂、成本高、探测效率还不够高等问题,它也仍是在起步阶段。
发明内容。
鉴于此,本发明的目的旨在解决现有技术中存在的上述问题和缺陷的至少一个方面。
相应地,本发明的目的之一在于提供用新型的TlBr探测器做成的伽玛相机,能量分辨率提高,位置分辨率提高,灵敏度提高。
为实现上述目的,本发明所提供的用新型的TlBr探测器做成的伽玛相机,包括探头部分、机身部分、外壳、控制端电脑;探头部分包括TlBr半导体探测器、准直器、适合于TlBr半导体探测器的电子学部分,探头部分通过机械连接件固定安装在机身部分的上部,外壳包裹探头部分和机身部分,控制端电脑与机身部分分离,采用网线连接。
本发明的优点是:采用新型化合物半导体TlBr材料制成小型伽玛相机的探头,进行成像,与传统的闪烁探测器的伽玛相机比较,其能量分辨率提高近一倍,位置分辨率提高近一倍,灵敏度提高近六倍,与CZT探测器的伽玛相机相比,TlBr探测器做成的伽玛相机具有成本低、探测效率高的特点。
附图说明。
图1是显示现有技术中的伽玛相机的成像原理示意图。
图2是显示本发明中的伽玛相机整机结构图。
图3是本发明探头部分结构示意图。
图4不同材料随能量吸收系数变化曲线。
图5不同材料中相同能量下不同厚度吸收率曲线。
在图中:针孔准直器10,探测器部分11,电子学部分12,探头部分21,机身部分22,外壳23,控制端电脑24,检测区域30,准直器31,TlBr半导体探测器32,适合于TlBr半导体探测器的电子学部分33,准直器的接收角度a,准直器的孔径b,准直器针孔到晶体表面的距离c,被测物体距针孔距离d。
具体实施方式。
参阅图2,本发明包括探头部分21、机身部分22、外壳23以及控制端电脑24;探头部分21包括准直器31、TlBr半导体探测器32、适合于TlBr半导体探测器的电子学部分33,探头部分21通过机械连接件固定安装在机身部分22的上部,外壳23包裹探头部分21和机身部分22,控制端电脑24与机身部分22分离,采用网线连接,可以通过调整机身部分22的运动,调整探头部分21的位置进行成像,被测物体可以位于空间的任意位置。
参阅图3,探头部分21包括准直器31、TlBr半导体探测器32、适合于TlBr半导体探测器的电子学部分33。为保证只有在特定路径下的入射光子被检测到,需使用准直器31进行准直,TlBr半导体探测器32可输出可测电信号,适合于TlBr半导体探测器的电子学部分33对探头输出的信号进行处理并计算。TlBr半导体探测器32可以是由多个TlBr探测器单元组成,每个TlBr单元被切割为像素状的二维矩阵,切割的每个像素的大小影响着相机的位置分辨率。若干TlBr探测器排列为二维阵列达到更大的探测范围,并决定着成像区域的大小。
参阅图4~5,TlBr探测器与CZT探测器相比TlBr探测器具有如下优点。
成本低:从制作工艺与材料角度分析,TlBr价格相对较为低廉,CZT比较昂贵,价格约为TlBr的10倍,因为TlBr熔点460℃,制作工艺比较简单,而CZT为1000℃,生长困难,制作工艺相对复杂。
探测效率高:平均原子序数较高、密度大,射线阻止能力强,探测效率高,因此晶体可以更薄,探测同样能量的射线(99mTc),TlBr需要1.5mm厚,而CZT需要5mm厚,对于高能射线探测则TlBr优势更为明显,例如131I(364keV),TlBr需要大概5mm厚,而CZT需要15mm厚。
采用本发明后的伽玛相机与传统伽玛相机相比具有灵敏度高、能量分辨率高、位置分辨率高的特点。能量分辨率提高近一倍,传统伽玛相机能量分辨率大约为10%(对Tc99m),新型化合物半导体TlBr型伽玛相机能量分辨率约为6%(对Tc99m);位置分辨率提高近一倍,传统anger型伽玛相机的固有位置分辨率约为3.7mm,新型化合物半导体TlBr型伽玛相机位置分辨率约为2.5mm,位置分辨率由像素尺寸决定,因此可随像素尺寸的减小而提高;灵敏度提高近六倍,例如,如果取得相同的160mm的视野,传统伽玛相机如果使用2英寸光电倍增管,需要19套电路,采用新型伽玛相机则是单个像素对应一套电路,单个像素尺寸2.5mm,对应128套电路,意味着同时处理的速度高出六倍,探头的灵敏度提高六倍;传统伽玛相机采用光电倍增管,由于光电倍增管本身受限于磁场,必须采用磁屏蔽来降低地磁场的影响,并且不能与强磁场仪器一起进行工作,新型伽玛相机则不再使用光电倍增管,因此没有磁场影响的问题,且因为取消了光电倍增管,整体的探头尺寸和体积减少。与CZT探测器做成的伽玛相机比较,TlBr探测器做成的伽玛相机具有成本低、探测效率高的特点。
上述描述仅为在本发明在其中的一种实施例中的情况,描述中的特征在其他实施例中仍然满足或部分满足。本发明中伽玛相机的改进、变化和修改同样在权利要求书的覆盖范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.用新型的TlBr探测器做成的伽玛相机,包括探头部分、机身部分、外壳、控制端电脑;探头部分包括TlBr半导体探测器、准直器、适合于TlBr半导体探测器的电子学部分;探头部分通过机械连接件固定安装在机身部分的上部,外壳包裹探头部分和机身部分,控制端电脑与机身部分分离,采用网线连接。
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