CN110049910B - Articulated element for the articulated connection of a connecting rod to a vehicle body - Google Patents
Articulated element for the articulated connection of a connecting rod to a vehicle body Download PDFInfo
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- CN110049910B CN110049910B CN201780075835.5A CN201780075835A CN110049910B CN 110049910 B CN110049910 B CN 110049910B CN 201780075835 A CN201780075835 A CN 201780075835A CN 110049910 B CN110049910 B CN 110049910B
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- base plate
- spring retainer
- hinge
- connecting rod
- face
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
- B61G9/00—Draw-gear
- B61G9/20—Details; Accessories
- B61G9/24—Linkages between draw-bar and framework
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
- B61G7/00—Details or accessories
- B61G7/10—Mounting of the couplings on the vehicle
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
- Closing And Opening Devices For Wings, And Checks For Wings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a hinge (1) for the articulated connection of a connecting rod (2) to a vehicle cabin, wherein the hinge (1) has a base plate (10) that can be connected to the vehicle cabin. The articulation (1) also has a push-pull device (9) with a front spring retainer (12) and a rear spring retainer (14). The push-pull device (9) has at least one front spring element (20) made of an elastomer material arranged between a base plate (10) and a front spring retainer (12) and at least one rear spring element (30) made of an elastomer material arranged between the base plate (10) and a rear spring retainer (14), wherein the front spring element (20) and the at least one rear spring element (30) are each designed in the unloaded state as a ring or curved shape. According to the invention, it is provided in particular that the front spring plate (12) has an at least partially profiled end face facing the front spring element (20), and that the base plate (10) has an at least partially profiled end face facing the front spring element (20), wherein the profile of the end face of the front spring plate (12) is at least partially complementary to the profile of the end face of the base plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hinge for the articulated connection of a connecting rod to a vehicle compartment, wherein the hinge has a base plate that can be connected to the vehicle compartment, in which a through-hole is formed, through which the end region of the connecting rod on the vehicle compartment side extends; and a push-pull device arranged on the end region of the connecting rod on the cabin side, which has a front spring retainer fixed to the connecting rod in the longitudinal direction of the connecting rod in front of the base plate and a rear spring retainer fixed to the connecting rod in the longitudinal direction of the connecting rod behind the base plate, wherein the push-pull device has at least one front spring element of elastomer material arranged between the base plate and the front spring retainer and at least one rear spring element of elastomer material arranged between the base plate and the rear spring retainer, wherein the front spring element and the at least one rear spring element are each designed in the form of a ring or a curved surface in the unloaded state.
The invention therefore relates in particular to a hinge for the articulated connection of a connecting rod to a vehicle compartment, wherein the hinge has a base plate which can be connected to the vehicle compartment and in which a through-opening is formed, through which the end region of the connecting rod on the vehicle compartment side extends. The articulated element also has a push-pull device arranged on the end region of the connecting rod on the cabin side, the push-pull device having a front spring retainer fixed to the connecting rod in the longitudinal direction of the connecting rod in front of the base plate and a rear spring retainer fixed to the connecting rod in the longitudinal direction of the connecting rod behind the base plate. The push-pull device also has at least one front spring element made of an elastomer material arranged between the base plate and the front spring retainer and at least one rear spring element made of an elastomer material arranged between the base plate and the rear spring retainer, wherein the front spring element and the at least one rear spring element are each configured in an annular or curved shape in the unloaded state.
Background
Such articulations for the articulated connection of the connecting rods to the carriages are known, for example, in the rail vehicle technology and generally employ couplings or articulations for the interconnection of the carriages or the complete train by means of automatic couplings or short couplings.
To illustrate the basic structure of such a hinge, reference is made to the views of fig. 1a and 1b, which show a hinge of the aforementioned type known from the prior art in a side view and a top view. In particular, fig. 1a and 1a each show the articulated joint in a state in which no pressure or tensile force acts on the connecting rod.
As shown, the conventional joint 101 has a base plate 110, which is connectable to a vehicle compartment, not shown, and in which a through-hole 111 is provided. The through-hole 111 accommodates the cabin-side end region 103 of the connecting rod 102 such that the cabin-side end region 103 of the connecting rod 102 extends through the through-hole 111.
Furthermore, a push-pull device 109 is arranged on the cabin-side end region 103 of the connecting rod 102, said push-pull device having a front spring retainer 112 which is fixed to the connecting rod 102 in the longitudinal direction L of the connecting rod in front of the base plate 110 and a rear spring retainer 114 which is fixed to the connecting rod 102 in the longitudinal direction L of the connecting rod behind the base plate 110.
In the state in which a pressure is exerted on the connecting rod 102 and thus on the cabin-side end region 103 of the connecting rod 102, the connecting rod 102 or the cabin-side end region 103 of the connecting rod 102 is moved in the direction of the cabin by the front spring retainer 112 on the connecting rod side, so that the distance between the front spring retainer 112 and the base plate 110 connected to the cabin is reduced compared to the unloaded state and, for example, the state shown in fig. 1a and 1 b. The front elastomeric spring elements 120 arranged between the front spring retainer 112 and the base plate 110 are pressed together as a result of the applied pressure, so that the pressure is guided in a damping manner by compressing the front spring elements 120 onto the base plate 110 and the not shown passenger compartment.
On the other hand, in the tension-exerting state, a pressure force acts on the connecting rod 102 and thus on the cabin-side end region 103 of the connecting rod 102, the rear spring retainer 114 is moved relative to the base plate 110 in the direction of the base plate 110, so that the rear spring elements 130 are pressed together and the tension force is transmitted in a damped manner by the compression of the rear spring elements 130 to the base plate 110 and to the cabin, not shown.
As spring elements 120, 130, the push-pull device 109 of the articulation 101 known from the prior art and illustrated by way of example in fig. 1a and 1b generally uses hollow springs made of an elastomer material, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the hollow springs generally has a circular shape depending on the type of construction. In the push-pull device 109, the spring elements 120, 130 serve the function of damping the tensile and thrust forces occurring when transmitting forces from the connecting rod 102 to the vehicle cabin. A further effect is that a part of the energy occurring in the force transmission is reduced in the spring elements 120, 130.
The articulated joint for the articulated connection of the connecting rod to the passenger compartment must provide that during operation the connecting rod is allowed to pivot horizontally and vertically relative to the base plate connected to the passenger compartment in order to be able to negotiate hills and to drive through depressions and curves. For this purpose, it is known to guide the end region of the connecting rod on the cabin side through a through-opening provided in the base plate, for example, by means of a ball bushing arrangement. The horizontal and vertical swinging of the connecting rod relative to the base plate is borne by the spring element of the push-pull device. It is also desirable that the tie bars be rotatable at an angle relative to the base plate.
However, it is basically conceivable that the connecting rod, which is twisted and/or articulated in the horizontal or vertical direction, returns to its initial position again.
To provide this return, a return twist stop is used in the conventional hinge 101 shown in fig. 1a and 1 b. The return torsion stop has two return arms 140, 140' which are arranged in a horizontal plane on the left and right of the end region 103 of the connecting rod 102 on the passenger compartment side and which are fixedly connected at one end to the end region 103 of the connecting rod 102 on the passenger compartment side and at the other end to the base plate 110. None of the return arms 140, 140 'has a helical torsion spring consisting of a helical spring 141, 141' and a leg 142, 143, 142 ', 143' in the form of a lever.
The helical springs 141, 141' of the torsion helical spring are designed and arranged such that they are twisted when the connecting rod 102 is twisted about its axis. The carriage-side end region and the opposite end region of the helical spring each merge into a lever- type leg 142, 143, 142 ', 143', wherein the carriage- side legs 142, 143 are each fixedly connected to the base plate 101 of the joint 101 by means of a bolt 150. The opposite legs 142 ', 143 ' of the leg spring are each fixedly connected to the cabin-side end region 103 of the connecting rod 102 via connecting arms 144, 144 '.
When the connecting rod 102 is horizontally or vertically offset relative to the base plate 110, the coil springs 141, 141' of the torsion coil spring are twisted about their axes, so that a restoring force acts on the connecting member 102 and the connecting rod 102 can be restored to the initial position. The connecting rod 102, which oscillates in a horizontal plane with respect to the base plate 110, is shown in fig. 1b in dashed lines.
The arrangement of two leg springs does not allow only a return of the connecting element 102, which is offset in the horizontal and/or vertical direction with respect to the base plate 110, but at the same time also serves as a rotation stop, since the cabin-side end region 103 of the connecting rod 102 is fixedly connected to the base plate 110 by means of the leg springs.
However, since a part of the forces acting on the joint 101 is extreme forces, this design is complex in terms of its design to achieve a return and to prevent twisting, since it must accordingly meet the desired requirements. In particular, the horizontal and vertical deflection angles of the connecting rod, which can be achieved by means of conventional hinges, are partially limited to a relatively small extent due to the provision of the helical torsion spring as the connecting rod resetting means.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to further develop a joint of the aforementioned type such that the centering and in particular the resetting of the connecting rod which is twisted during operation can be achieved in a simple, but effective manner, without additional components being required for this purpose. The hinge should also be of a simpler design overall than the exemplary illustrated solutions known and available in the prior art.
The object is achieved according to the invention by a hinge of the type mentioned at the outset in that the front spring plate has an at least partially contoured end face facing the front spring element, and the base plate has an at least partially contoured end face facing the front spring element, wherein the contour of the end face of the front spring plate is at least partially complementary to the contour of the end face of the base plate.
Alternatively or additionally, the object is achieved according to the invention by a hinge of the aforementioned type, wherein the rear spring plate has an at least partially contoured end face facing the at least one rear spring element, and the base plate has an at least partially contoured end face facing the at least one rear spring element, wherein the contour of the end face of the rear spring plate is at least partially complementary to the contour of the end face of the base plate.
The definition "profile of an end face" or "end face profile" as used herein is generally understood to mean the surface shape and surface structure of an end face. In particular, it relates to an at least partially corrugated surface structure.
The definition "profiled end face" used therein is to be understood in particular as a regular surface in the sense of a differential geometry. The definition of "regular surface" or "differentiable surface" is based on the mathematical concept of differential geometry. With this definition, the general common definition of a surface in the mathematical context can be accurately defined. The definition of this concept clearly means that the surface sections are deformed and combined together in such a way that no corners or edges are produced, so that at every point of the produced formation a tangential plane can be applied. Unlike topological surfaces, on regular surfaces the derivatives of the mapping can be shown due to the presence of tangential planes.
In the solution according to the invention, at least one spring element of the push-pull device, i.e. the front spring element and/or the at least one rear spring element, arranged on the carriage-side end region of the connecting rod is/are pretensioned between the corresponding profiled surfaces, as a result of which the annular or curved spring element is at least partially deformed in the unloaded state.
The prestress acting in particular on the spring element is selected such that the annular or curved spring element in the unloaded state is elastically deformed even in the unloaded state of the push-pull device arranged on the end region of the connecting rod on the cabin side. The spring element is engaged with the base plate due to elastic deformation of the spring element caused by the contoured surface, so that the rotational force transmitted through the connecting rod is introduced vertically into the base plate without slipping.
In the solution according to the invention, at least one spring element of the push-pull device and the base plate are thus positively engaged with each other, so that the rotational force transmitted by the connecting rod when the connecting rod is twisted is introduced perpendicularly into the base plate via the at least one spring element positively engaged with the base plate. Since the normal force does not generate a different transverse force in the connection point between the at least one spring element and the base plate, no slipping occurs.
In this connection, it is particularly emphasized that the torsion protection is only achieved in the unloaded state by the annular or curved spring element, since the respective spring element is preloaded between the suitable profiled surfaces and is deformed accordingly. This has the advantage that conventional spring elements of annular or curved shape can be used in the torsion element according to the invention. This makes it possible to use already existing standard components, which considerably simplifies the implementation of the joint according to the invention.
The solution according to the invention also has a series of additional advantages over the hinge known from the prior art: at least one front and/or rear spring element is arranged between a base plate with an at least partially profiled end face and an associated spring seat ring with an likewise at least partially profiled end face, whereby the respective spring element is supported on a respective region of the base plate, the spring elements engaging in a form-fitting manner with respect to a selected prestress.
In this case, it is provided, in particular, that the base plate is provided with a corresponding spring element receptacle, by means of which the corresponding spring element can be at least partially received.
In this way, in the hinge according to the invention, the spring element of the push-pull device serves not only for damping the push-pull force transmitted by the connecting rod, but also for supporting the connecting rod on the base plate in the vertical and horizontal directions. In the solution according to the invention, therefore, the transmitted forces can be absorbed at least by the spring elements even when the connecting rod is moved horizontally and vertically relative to the base plate. Here, after unloading, the spring element serves to return the connecting rod into its initial position.
In addition to the horizontal and vertical return, the spring element used in the solution according to the invention also has, in particular, the function of securing the torsion-proof or return connection rod against torsion. When the connecting rod is twisted relative to the base plate, a twisting force is introduced perpendicularly into the base plate due to the at least partially form-locking interengagement of the front and/or rear spring elements with the base plate.
Thus, additional components can be omitted for the purpose of securing the rotation prevention, so that the structural complexity of the joint is reduced.
The solution according to the invention thus enables a simple variant of a hinge, wherein the basic structure of the hinge according to the invention is similar to that of hinges known from the prior art, wherein the elastomer spring element is used in the form of a hollow rubber spring. The solution according to the invention can thus also be used in conventional couplings and joints for connecting cars or complete trains to one another, for example by means of automatic coupling or short couplings.
As in conventional articulations known from the prior art, the spring element for the articulation according to the invention preferably has a circular cross section and firstly has a damping effect of the tensile and pushing forces transmitted by the articulation. The basic structure of the hinge according to the invention is composed of a bolt-fastened connecting rod with spring raceways, a front elastomeric spring element, a rear elastomeric spring element and a base plate. According to the invention, the end faces of the base plate and of the spring plate facing the at least one elastomer element are configured in a corresponding manner, and the at least one spring element is preloaded between the profiled end faces in such a way that it is deformed in a corresponding manner in order to form a form-fitting engagement with the base plate, so that the torsional forces acting on the connecting rod are transmitted to the base plate without slipping and in particular a return of the twisted connecting rod is possible. Since the torsion-proof effect is achieved by means of the at least one spring element, the torsional forces are also damped when they are transmitted to the baseplate.
In addition to providing a rotation stop, the hinge according to the invention is intended to transmit tensile and impact forces and pressure forces occurring during operation. Here, the joint is designed such that a tensile force and a compressive force are transmitted to the joint via the connecting rod. The pressure is then transmitted to the base plate via the front spring plate and the bearing spring element. The pulling force is transmitted to the base plate through the rear spring retainer and the rear spring element. The base plate is fixedly connected, in particular bolted, to the car underframe, so that forces can be introduced into the underframe via the floor plate.
In particular, in the solution according to the invention, it is provided that the spring element is supported at least in places in the direction of rotation on the base plate, and an almost uniform loading of the spring element can be achieved even when relatively high rotational forces are transmitted via the connecting rod. In this way, the arrangement according to the invention of the spring element relative to the base plate is also particularly effective in preventing premature wear of the spring element.
From this it was established in summary that the basic idea of the invention is that the torsion of the connecting rod and the elastomeric spring element is achieved by an axial frictional/form-fit engagement due to an axial load/deformation of the elastomeric spring element.
Since the elastomer can be damaged under load by sharp edges or strong local deformations (e.g. caused by grooves, rods, holes), only slight deformations can be achieved by soft transitions. However, this is generally not sufficient to exclude the possibility of twisting. In particular, in the embodiment of the joint according to the invention, it is thereby provided that the contour of the front end face of the front spring plate and/or the contour of the rear end face of the rear spring plate is continuous and in particular does not have sharp edges.
In a preferred embodiment of the joint according to the invention, it is provided that the contour of the end face of the front spring plate and/or the contour of the end face of the rear spring plate is at least partially corrugated.
In this connection, according to a preferred embodiment of the solution according to the invention, it is provided that the base plate is provided with corresponding spring element receptacles, wherein the spring plate serving as a pressure plate and fixed to the connecting rod and the spring element receptacles serving as a base plate of the car connection are each designed with a corrugated shape on the surface. The elastomeric spring element is positioned and pre-tensioned between the two surfaces. The elastomer spring element can be pressed against both surfaces by a relatively high pretensioning force. The two corrugated surfaces are arranged in such a way that the wave crests on one side coincide with the wave troughs on the other side, so that the entire spring element has to be corrugated and thus cannot be twisted relative to the connecting rod or the connection on the car. Thereby, the connecting rod is also protected against torsion with respect to the car connection.
In order to achieve that the torque can be transmitted from the end region of the connecting rod on the cabin side to the spring element of the push-pull device without stress concentrations, it is preferred that at least one of the two spring rings has at least two and preferably four wave crests pointing in the direction of the base plate, wherein between these wave crests there are in each case wave troughs. The wave crests of the spring plate, which point toward the base plate, are intended to lie on the entire circumference, wherein the circumferential angles between mutually adjacent wave crests are of the same magnitude.
In a preferred embodiment of the hinge according to the invention, it is provided that the through-opening provided in the base plate is designed with regard to the shape of its opening cross section such that, when the connecting rod is articulated with the vehicle compartment by means of the hinge, the end region of the connecting rod extending through the through-opening can be twisted, in particular horizontally, within a definable angular range, in particular within an angular range of ± 25 °, and the connecting rod can thereby be offset about the Z axis. In this case, the base plate and the through-hole formed in the base plate are preferably designed such that, when fully deflected, the connecting rod bears in a planar manner against a correspondingly designed contour of the base plate.
Here, the definition of "X-axis" should be understood as an axial direction extending in the longitudinal direction (horizontally) of the connecting rod, "Y-axis" should be understood as a perpendicular to the horizontal axis, and "Z-axis" should be understood as an axis extending in the longitudinal direction vertically with respect to the connecting rod.
As described, the respective spring element preferably rests flush against the base plate or against a spring element receptacle of the base plate, wherein the spring element is preferably preloaded between the respective spring plate and the base plate. In this way, support and return of the connecting rod in the Y-direction and Z-direction can be achieved. The restoring of the connecting rod about the axis of rotation of the connecting rod is achieved according to the invention by a form-fitting engagement of at least one spring with the base plate, wherein the rotational force transmitted by the connecting rod is introduced vertically into the base plate without slipping, as described.
In order to ensure as wear-free as possible a desired movement of the connecting rod or of the end region of the connecting rod on the cabin side relative to the base plate during operation, it is provided in a preferred embodiment of the joint according to the invention that the end region of the connecting rod on the cabin side has a circular cross section, wherein a bearing is also provided which is arranged and configured in the through-opening of the base plate and which supports the end region of the connecting rod which extends through the through-opening.
In an embodiment of the hinge according to the invention, the front and/or rear spring plate has at least one projection pointing in the direction of the base plate and protruding from an end face of the respective spring plate. In this connection, the definition of "cam" is to be understood as meaning a region which projects from the contour of the end face and tapers in particular in the direction of the base plate, wherein in the region of the cam the contour of the spring plate is no longer described as a regular surface in the sense of differential geometry.
Preferably, a plurality of projections arranged in particular equidistantly is used.
Alternatively or additionally, according to a development of the hinge according to the invention, it is provided that the base plate is provided with at least one projection which projects from an end face of the base plate facing the front or rear spring plate and points in the direction of the front or rear spring plate.
The arrangement of such a projection-shaped region results in an improved torsion protection, since the projection-shaped region is designed to be embedded in a spring element made of an elastomer material. In other words, the projection engages in the elastomer element and thus additionally prevents twisting.
According to a last-mentioned embodiment of the hinge according to the invention, two spring elements made of an elastomer material are provided between the front spring plate and the base plate, wherein an intermediate plate is arranged between the two spring elements. It is further provided that the intermediate plate has an end face facing the front spring plate and an end face facing the base plate. In this connection, it is conceivable for the end face of the intermediate plate facing the front spring plate to have a contour at least in places, which is complementary to the contour of the front spring plate.
In a further development thereof, it is provided that the front spring plate has at least one projection, wherein the end face of the intermediate plate facing the front spring plate has a recess or a through-opening along the axial extension of the at least one projection of the front spring plate with a diameter which is preferably equal to the at least one diameter of the at least one projection of the front spring plate.
This refinement makes it possible for the elastomer material of the spring element to be inserted into a recess or through-hole in the intermediate plate, in particular if a corresponding projection is provided on the front spring washer. In this way, the torsional stiffness can be further optimized.
Alternatively, it is conceivable for the intermediate plate to have at least one projection on its end face facing the front spring plate, wherein the front spring plate has a recess or a through-opening on its end face facing the intermediate plate along the axial extension of the at least one projection of the intermediate plate with a diameter, more precisely, preferably equal to the at least one diameter of the at least one projection of the intermediate plate.
Alternatively or additionally, it is provided according to an embodiment of the hinge according to the invention that two spring elements of an elastomer material are provided between the rear spring plate and the base plate, wherein an intermediate plate is arranged between the two spring elements, and wherein the intermediate plate has an end face facing the rear spring plate and an end face facing the base plate. The end face of the intermediate plate facing the rear spring plate has a contour which is complementary to the contour of the rear spring plate at least in regions.
In this embodiment, it is also conceivable for the rear spring plate to have at least one projection, wherein the end face of the intermediate plate facing the rear spring plate has a recess or a through-opening along the axial extension of the at least one projection of the rear spring plate with a diameter, which is preferably equal to the at least one diameter of the at least one projection of the rear spring plate.
Alternatively, it is also conceivable in connection therewith that the intermediate plate has at least one projection on its end face facing the rear spring plate, wherein the rear spring plate has a recess or a through-opening on its end face facing the intermediate plate along the axial extension of the at least one projection of the intermediate plate with a diameter, more precisely preferably equal to the at least one diameter of the at least one projection of the intermediate plate.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the drawings:
fig. 1a shows a partially cut-away side view of a hinge known from the prior art for the articulated connection of a connecting rod to a vehicle cabin;
FIG. 1b illustrates a top view of the conventional hinge shown in FIG. 1 a;
FIG. 2 shows an isometric schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of a hinge according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows an isometric exploded view of the exemplary embodiment of a hinged member according to the present invention shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 illustrates an isometric isolated view of a spring retainer used as a pressure plate according to an exemplary embodiment of a hinge assembly of the present invention;
fig. 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a spring element which bears flush against the baseplate or a spring element receptacle of the baseplate;
FIG. 6 illustrates an isometric isolated view of a spring retainer used as a pressure plate according to an exemplary embodiment of a hinge assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 7a shows an isometric isolated view of a spring retainer with a tab for anti-torsion of an exemplary embodiment of a hinge according to the present invention;
fig. 7b shows an isometric isolated view of an intermediate plate with corresponding holes for torsion prevention according to an exemplary embodiment of a hinge according to the present invention; and
fig. 8 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a hinge according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1a shows a partially cut-away side view of a hinge 101 known from the prior art for the articulated connection of a connecting rod 102 to a wagon of a rail vehicle, not shown. Fig. 1b shows a top view of a conventional hinge 101 according to fig. 1 a.
The conventional joint 101 has a base plate 110, which is fixedly connected to the passenger compartment of the rail vehicle and is provided with a through-opening 111, through which the passenger-compartment-side end region 103 of the connecting rod 102 extends. The cabin-side end region 103 of the connecting rod 102 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 102, which is not completely shown in fig. 1a and 1 b. It is conceivable here for the cabin-side end region 103 of the connecting rod 102 to be designed as an integral component of the connecting rod 102. Of course, it is alternatively conceivable for the cabin-side end region 103 of the connecting rod 102 to be releasably connected to the connecting rod 102.
A push-pull device 109 having a front spring plate 112 fixed to the connecting rod 102 in the longitudinal direction L of the connecting rod in front of the base plate 110 and a rear spring plate 114 fixed to the connecting rod 102 in the longitudinal direction L of the connecting rod behind the base plate 110 is provided in the passenger-compartment-side end region 103 of the connecting rod 102. Further, there is a front elastomeric spring element 120 disposed between the base plate 110 and the front spring retainer 112 and a rear elastomeric spring element 130 disposed between the base plate 110 and the rear spring retainer 114.
The other end of the connecting rod 102, which is not shown, is connected, for example, to a connecting head, which is also not shown, for an automatic central damping clutch.
In the aforementioned basic structure of the hinge 101 known from the prior art, the rear spring plate 114 is fastened to the cabin-side end of the connecting rod 102 by means of a union nut 118.
The spring elements 120, 130 used in conventional hinges 101 are hollow rubber springs having a circular cross-section. The spring elements have a damping effect in the push-pull device 109 of the joint 101 against tensile and pushing forces occurring in the force transmission, so that these tensile and pushing forces can be further transmitted via the base plate 110 to the vehicle underframe, not shown, in the form of a damping of the connecting rod 102.
The hinge 101 known from the prior art in the embodiment shown in fig. 1a and 1b is a so-called "donut solution", wherein the elastomer spring elements 120, 130 correspond to donuts, wherein the centrally arranged openings 122, 132 in the respective spring elements 120, 130 each have a circular cross section. The cabin-side end region 103 of the connecting rod 102 extends through these openings 122, 132. Similarly, the cabin-side end region 103 of the link lever 102 extends through a through-hole 111 provided in the base plate 110.
In order to achieve this, in the conventional exemplary articulation 101 shown in fig. 1a and 1b, the connecting rod 102 is articulated rotatably in a torsionally fixed manner in the horizontal and vertical directions on the vehicle, not shown, and the articulation 101 known from the prior art also has torsion stops in the form of helical torsion springs 141, 141' which are arranged on both sides of the connecting rod 102 in the horizontal plane. In particular, the leg regions 142, 143 of the leg springs 141, 141' pointing in the direction of the base plate 110 are fixedly connected to the base plate 110. The opposite leg regions 142 ', 143' of the leg springs 141, 141 'are each fixedly connected to the connecting rod 102 via a connecting arm 144, 144'. In this way, it is ensured that the connecting rod 102 cannot twist relative to the base plate 110 or return from the twisted position again, while at the same time the connecting rod 102 can twist horizontally and vertically relative to the base plate 110.
The problems that occur in the joints known from the prior art, in particular with regard to the implementation of the rotation stop, have already been described in the background and are not described in detail.
Fig. 2 schematically shows an isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of a hinge according to the present invention. The individual parts of the hinge 1 according to fig. 2 are shown in detail according to the isometric exploded view shown in fig. 3.
Fig. 4 shows an isometric detail of an exemplary embodiment of a hinge according to the present invention, such as a spring race used as a pressure plate according to fig. 2. Fig. 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a spring element which bears flush against the base plate or a spring element receptacle of the base plate.
The exemplary embodiment of the hinge 1 according to the invention therefore has a basic structure which substantially corresponds to the basic structure of a conventional hinge 101, for example as described above with reference to fig. 1a and 1 b. In the solution according to the invention, a baseplate 10 is thus provided, which can be connected, in particular bolted, to a wagon body of a rail vehicle, which is not shown in the figures. A through-hole 11 extends through the base plate 10, said through-hole accommodating the cabin-side end region 3 of the connecting rod 2.
Furthermore, a push-pull device 9 is arranged on the cabin-side end region 3 of the connecting rod 2. The push-pull device 9 has a front spring retainer 12 fixed to the connecting rod 2 in the longitudinal direction L of the connecting rod in front of the base plate 10 and a rear spring retainer 14 fixed to the connecting rod 2 in the longitudinal direction L of the connecting rod behind the base plate 10.
Furthermore, in the hinge 1 according to the invention, at least one (exactly two in the exemplary embodiment shown) front elastomeric spring element 20 is arranged between the base plate 10 and the front spring plate 12 and at least one (exactly one in the exemplary embodiment shown in the hinge 1 according to the invention) rear elastomeric spring element 30 is arranged between the base plate 10 and the rear spring plate 14. Each spring element 20, 30 has an opening 22, 23, which is axially aligned with respect to the through-opening 11 formed in the base plate 10 and through which the cabin-side end region 3 of the connecting rod 2 extends.
The two spring disks 12, 14 can likewise have openings which are formed axially in relation to the centrally arranged through-opening 11 of the base plate 10. The front spring retainer 12 can thus be pushed onto the cabin-side end region 3 of the connecting rod 2 and fixed to a stop 19 which is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 2. After that, the front spring element 20, the base plate 10, the rear spring element 30 and the rear spring retainer 14 can be pushed over the cabin-side end region 3 of the connecting rod 2 in the stated order. Subsequently, the union nut 18 is pushed onto the end of the cabin-side end region 3 of the connecting rod 2, which union nut 18 secures the rear spring plate 14 and simultaneously pretensions the front and rear spring elements 20, 30 accordingly.
However, the front spring plate 12 may also be integrally formed in the form of a flange-like projection having the vehicle-compartment-side end region 3 of the connecting rod 2. Alternatively, it is of course also conceivable for the front spring retainer 12 to be pushed onto the cabin-side end region 3 of the connecting rod 2 as a separate component, similar to the rear spring retainer 14, and to be fixed in position accordingly.
In the openings 22, 32 formed in the front spring element 20 and the rear spring element 30, the passenger-compartment-side end region 3 of the connecting rod 2 abuts flush against the respective spring element 20, 30. For this purpose, the cabin-side end region 3 of the connecting rod 2 has at least a circular cross-sectional shape, the cross-sectional area of which is at least equal to or preferably greater than the diameter of the opening 22, 32 provided in the center of the spring element 20, 30.
In contrast to the basic structure used in conventional hinges, in the exemplary embodiment of the hinge 1 according to the invention, it is provided that the front spring element 20 in the form of a ring or curved surface and/or the rear spring element 30 in the form of a ring or curved surface engage with the base plate 10, so that the torque transmitted from the connecting rod 2 is introduced vertically into the base plate 10 without slipping.
In order to achieve such an axial form-fitting and frictional engagement of the spring elements 20, 30 with the base plate 10, despite the ring/curved or doughnut-shaped spring elements, it is provided in the solution according to the invention that the front spring retainer 12 has an at least partially contoured end face facing the front spring element 20, and the base plate 10 has an at least partially contoured end face facing the front spring element 20, wherein the contour of the end face of the front spring retainer 12 is at least partially complementary to the contour of the end face of the base plate.
Alternatively or additionally, it is provided that the rear spring plate 14 has an at least partially profiled end face facing the at least one rear spring element 30, and the base plate 10 has an at least partially profiled end facing the at least one rear spring element 30, wherein the profile of the end face of the rear spring plate 12 is at least partially complementary to the profile of the end face of the base plate.
In the embodiment of the hinge 1 according to the invention shown in the figures, it is provided in particular for the respective end faces of the base plate 10 and the spring plate 12, 14 to have an at least partially corrugated profile, wherein the corrugated shape is oriented radially in the longitudinal direction L of the connecting rod, so that the respective wave troughs and wave crests are oriented in the longitudinal direction L of the connecting rod. In connection therewith, for example, reference is also made to the sectional view in fig. 5.
An isometric detail view of another exemplary embodiment of a spring retainer used as a pressure plate is shown in fig. 6. The spring washer used as a pressure plate is essentially equivalent to the spring washer shown in fig. 4, but in the embodiment of fig. 6 a more pronounced corrugation profile is selected for the profiled end face than in the embodiment shown in fig. 4. In the illustration of fig. 6, it can be seen in particular that the profiled end face shows a regular surface in the sense of a differential geometry.
By means of the more pronounced corrugated profile, the spring element of elastomer material, which is co-pressed with the spring plate, is pressed more strongly, so that greater security against twisting about the longitudinal axis is provided.
In order to further optimize the anti-rotation effect, it is provided according to an embodiment of the invention that the spring element rests on a component on which the projection 40 is provided. This embodiment is shown in fig. 7 a. It can therefore be seen that in this embodiment, a plurality of projections 40 are provided, which are shown in the direction of the base plate (not shown in fig. 7 a) and project from the end faces of the spring plates 12, 14. Said projections 40 are preferably arranged equidistantly and around a through-hole in which the end region of the connecting rod is accommodated.
In the assembled state of the hinge 1, the cam 40 engages in a spring element (elastomer element) and additionally prevents rotation.
According to the embodiment of the hinge 1 according to the invention, an intermediate plate 41 is used between the two spring elements, as shown in the isometric view in fig. 7 b. The intermediate plate 41 has a through-opening 42, into which through-opening 42 the elastomer material of the spring element can be inserted in order to prevent further twisting. In this connection, it is conceivable to provide corresponding openings 42, which are associated with corresponding projections of the opposing spring plate or of the opposing base plate, for the purpose of pressing the elastomer material pressed by the projections into the corresponding openings 42.
In principle, it is provided that the elastomer material of the spring element protrudes into the bore 42 in a deformed manner. Additionally, the burrs of the holes 42 in the elastomeric elements get caught and twist of the elastomeric elements relative to each other is effectively avoided.
The sectional illustration according to fig. 8 shows a sectional illustration of the hinge part 1 with the corresponding cam on the front spring plate 12, the intermediate plate 41 and the spring plate with a pronounced or reinforced corrugated profile, which acts as a pressure plate.
As shown for example in fig. 3, it is also conceivable for the base plate 10 to be provided with a spring element receptacle, that is to say with a receptacle which matches the outer contour of the spring element.
The spring retainer of the reaction pressure plate, which is fixed to the connecting rod, and the spring element receiving portion of the base plate at the car connection (according to the verifiable exemplary embodiment of fig. 3, for example) are each provided with a corrugated shape on the surface. The spring element is positioned and pre-tensioned between the two faces. The spring element can be pressed against both sides by a relatively high pretensioning force. The two corrugated surfaces are arranged in such a way that the wave crests on one side coincide with the wave troughs on the other side, so that the entire elastomer spring element has to be wave-shaped and thus cannot be twisted relative to the connecting rod or the connection on the car. Thereby, the connecting rod can also be prevented from twisting relative to the cabin connection.
By the at least one spring element 20, 30 and the base plate 10 engaging with each other in the manner described above according to the invention, a twist stop is provided in an easily realizable but effective manner, wherein no support means or the like, for example in the form of a complicated helical torsion spring arrangement, need be provided for the twist stop or return of the connecting rod 2 into its initial position.
In the previously described exemplary embodiment of the hinge 1 according to the invention, only a form-fitting interengagement of the front spring element 20 and the base plate 10 or the front spring retainer 12 takes place. Alternatively or additionally, it is of course also conceivable for the rear spring element 30 and the rear end face of the base plate 10 facing the rear spring element 30 to be designed accordingly such that a form-fitting interengagement is possible between these two components. It is also conceivable for the rear spring retainer 14 to be designed such that it forms a positive-locking engagement with the rear spring element 30.
Since the solution according to the invention allows the cabin-side end region 3 of the connecting rod 2 to be configured at least with a circular cross-sectional shape, a joint bearing is accommodated in the through-opening 11 of the base plate 10 for supporting the connecting rod 2 in the through-opening 11 of the base plate 10 and enabling the connecting rod 2 to be moved relative to the base plate 10 with as little material wear as possible.
The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described with reference to the figures, but can also have a plurality of variants.
Claims (26)
1. An articulation (1) for the articulated connection of a connecting rod (2) to a vehicle cabin, wherein the articulation (1) has:
-a base plate (10) that can be connected to a vehicle compartment, in which base plate a through-opening (11) is formed, through which through-opening (11) a compartment-side end region (3) of the connecting rod (2) extends; and
-a push-pull device (9) arranged on the cabin-side end region (3) of the connecting rod (2), said push-pull device having a front spring retainer (12) fixed to the connecting rod (2) in front of the base plate (10) in the connecting rod longitudinal direction (L) and a rear spring retainer (14) fixed to the connecting rod (2) behind the base plate (10) in the connecting rod longitudinal direction (L),
wherein the push-pull device (9) has at least one front spring element (20) of an elastomer material arranged between the base plate (10) and the front spring retainer (12) and at least one rear spring element (30) of an elastomer material arranged between the base plate (10) and the rear spring retainer (14), wherein the front spring element (20) and the at least one rear spring element (30) are each designed in the unloaded state as a ring or curved shape,
characterized in that the front spring plate (12) has an at least partially profiled end face facing the front spring element (20), and the base plate (10) has an at least partially profiled end face facing the front spring element (20), wherein the profile of the end face of the front spring plate (12) is at least partially complementary to the profile of the end face of the base plate, the profile of the end face of the front spring plate (12) and/or the profile of the end face of the rear spring plate (14) being continuous and having no sharp edges, wherein the front spring element (20) and/or the at least one rear spring element (30) is prestressed between the respective profiled surfaces of the base plate (10) and the spring plate, such that in the unloaded state an annular or curved spring element is at least partially deformed correspondingly.
2. A hinge (1) according to claim 1, wherein the at least partially profiled end surface of the front spring retainer (12) is a regular surface in the sense of a differential geometry.
3. A hinge (1) according to claim 2, wherein the front spring element (20) is pre-tensioned between the front spring retainer (12) and the base plate (10) such that the front spring element (20) at least partially follows the contour of the end face of the front spring retainer (12) and the contour of the end face of the base plate facing the front spring element (20).
4. A hinge (1) according to claim 3, wherein the rear spring retainer (14) has an at least partially profiled end surface facing the at least one rear spring element (30) and the base plate (10) has an at least partially profiled end surface facing the at least one rear spring element (30), wherein the profile of the end surface of the rear spring retainer (14) is at least partially complementary to the profile of the end surface of the base plate.
5. A hinge (1) according to claim 4, wherein the at least partially profiled end surface of the rear spring retainer (14) is a regular surface in the sense of a differential geometry.
6. A hinge (1) according to claim 4, wherein the at least one rear spring element (30) is preloaded between the rear spring retainer (14) and the base plate (10) such that the at least one rear spring element (30) at least partially follows the contour of the end face of the rear spring retainer (14) and the contour of the end face of the base plate facing the at least one rear spring element (30).
7. A hinge (1) according to claim 6, wherein the at least partially profiled end surface of the rear spring retainer (14) is a regular surface in the sense of a differential geometry.
8. A hinge (1) according to claim 7, wherein the profile of the end face of the front spring retainer (12) and/or the profile of the end face of the rear spring retainer (14) is at least partially corrugated.
9. A hinge (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the profile of the end face of the front spring retainer (12) and/or the profile of the end face of the rear spring retainer (14) varies in the radial direction of the respective spring retainer.
10. A hinge (1) according to claim 9, wherein the profile increases towards a circumferential edge of the respective spring retainer.
11. A hinge (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the through-opening (11) provided in the base plate (10) is designed with respect to the shape of its opening cross-section such that, when the connecting rod (2) is articulated with the vehicle compartment by means of the hinge (1), the end region (3) of the connecting rod (2) extending through the through-opening (11) can be horizontally twisted within a definable angular range and thus the connecting rod (2) can be pivoted about the Z-axis.
12. A hinge (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one front spring element (20) and at least one rear spring element (30) each have an opening (22, 32) which is axially aligned with respect to a through-hole (11) which is constructed in the base plate (10), through which openings (22, 32) the cabin-side end region (3) of the connecting rod (2) extends, and wherein at least one front spring element (20) and at least one rear spring element (30) are designed such that they bear on the respective end face (a1, a2) of the base plate (10) in the vertical direction and in the horizontal direction, respectively.
13. A hinge (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the carriage-side end region (3) of the connecting rod (2) has at least a circular cross-section, and wherein a bearing is further provided, which is arranged and constructed in the through-opening (11) of the base plate (10), said bearing supporting the end region (3) of the connecting rod (2) extending through the through-opening (11).
14. A hinge (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the front spring retainer (12) and/or the rear spring retainer (14) has at least one projection (40) pointing in the direction of the base plate (10) and protruding from an end face of the respective spring retainer (12, 14).
15. A hinge (1) according to claim 14, wherein a plurality of equidistantly arranged projections (40) are provided.
16. A hinge (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the base plate (10) is provided with at least one projection (40) protruding from an end face of the base plate (10) facing towards the front spring retainer (12) or the rear spring retainer (14) and pointing in the direction of the front spring retainer (12) or the rear spring retainer (14).
17. A hinge (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least two spring elements (20) of elastomeric material are provided between the front spring retainer (12) and the base plate (10) and/or between the base plate (10) and the rear spring retainer (14).
18. A hinge (1) according to claim 17, wherein an intermediate plate (41) is provided, said intermediate plate being arranged between at least two spring elements (20).
19. A hinge (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein two spring elements (20) of an elastomeric material are provided between the front spring retainer (12) and the base plate (10), wherein an intermediate plate (41) is arranged between the two spring elements (20), and wherein the intermediate plate (41) has an end face facing the front spring retainer (12) and an end face facing the base plate (10), wherein the end face of the intermediate plate (41) facing the front spring retainer (12) has at least in sections a contour which is complementary to the contour of the front spring retainer (12).
20. A hinge (1) according to claim 19, wherein the front spring retainer (12) has at least one projection (40), and wherein the end surface of the intermediate plate (41) facing the front spring retainer (12) has a recess or a through-hole (42) along the axial extension of the at least one projection (40) of the front spring retainer (12) with a diameter equal to the at least one diameter of the at least one projection (40) of the front spring retainer (12).
21. A hinge (1) according to claim 19, wherein the intermediate plate (41) has at least one projection (40) on its end face facing the front spring retainer (12), and wherein the front spring retainer (12) has a recess or perforation (42) with a diameter, equal to at least one diameter of the at least one projection (40) of the intermediate plate (41), on its end face facing the intermediate plate (41) along an axial extension of the at least one projection (40) of the intermediate plate (41).
22. A hinge (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein two spring elements (20) of an elastomeric material are provided between the rear spring retainer (14) and the base plate (10), wherein an intermediate plate (41) is arranged between the two spring elements (20), and wherein the intermediate plate (41) has an end face facing the rear spring retainer (14) and an end face facing the base plate (10), wherein the end face of the intermediate plate (41) facing the rear spring retainer (14) has at least in sections a contour which is complementary to the contour of the rear spring retainer (14).
23. A hinge (1) according to claim 22, wherein the rear spring retainer (14) has at least one projection (40), and wherein the end surface of the intermediate plate (41) facing the rear spring retainer (14) has a recess or a through-hole (42) along the axial extension of the at least one projection (40) of the rear spring retainer (14) with a diameter which is equal to the at least one diameter of the at least one projection (40) of the rear spring retainer (14).
24. A hinge (1) according to claim 22, wherein the intermediate plate (41) has at least one projection (40) on its end face facing the rear spring retainer (14), and wherein the rear spring retainer (14) has a recess or perforation (42) with a diameter, equal to at least one diameter of the at least one projection (40) of the intermediate plate (41), on its end face facing the intermediate plate (41) along an axial extension of the at least one projection (40) of the intermediate plate (41).
25. A hinge (1) according to claim 11, wherein said determinable angular range is an angular range of ± 25 °.
26. A hinge (1) according to claim 13, wherein said support is a rotating support.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016124808.8A DE102016124808A1 (en) | 2016-12-19 | 2016-12-19 | STEERING FOR JOINTLY CONNECTING A CLUTCH BAR WITH A TRUCK BOX |
| DE102016124808.8 | 2016-12-19 | ||
| PCT/EP2017/080598 WO2018114236A1 (en) | 2016-12-19 | 2017-11-28 | Attachment for articulated connection of a coupling rod to a carriage body |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110049910A CN110049910A (en) | 2019-07-23 |
| CN110049910B true CN110049910B (en) | 2022-03-01 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201780075835.5A Active CN110049910B (en) | 2016-12-19 | 2017-11-28 | Articulated element for the articulated connection of a connecting rod to a vehicle body |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3554918B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN110049910B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102016124808A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2018114236A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018114745A1 (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2019-12-24 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Horizontal center reset for a central buffer coupling |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2135683Y (en) * | 1992-04-21 | 1993-06-09 | 丹东市橡胶二厂 | Rubber air spring |
| US5351844A (en) * | 1993-06-01 | 1994-10-04 | Miner Enterprises, Inc. | Elastomeric spring unit |
| EP1785330A1 (en) * | 2005-11-15 | 2007-05-16 | Voith Turbo Scharfenberg GmbH & Co. KG | Coupling mounting with a joint structure |
| DE502005003583D1 (en) * | 2005-11-15 | 2008-05-15 | Voith Turbo Scharfenberg Gmbh | joint arrangement |
| US7624884B2 (en) * | 2007-05-23 | 2009-12-01 | Miner Enterprises, Inc. | Railroad car draft gear |
| DE102008030284B4 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2011-04-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | High performance swing plate right angle joint |
| ES2369332T3 (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2011-11-29 | Voith Patent Gmbh | ARTICULATION FOR THE ARTICULATED UNION OF A HITCH BAR WITH A WAGON BOX. |
| CN202326873U (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2012-07-11 | 烟台北方星空自控科技有限公司 | Friction-plate-type rotary damper |
| CN103161868A (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2013-06-19 | 湖北三环离合器有限公司 | Damping spacer with variable controllable damping |
| CN202703734U (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2013-01-30 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Rubber elastic body for caterpillar band |
| JP5823447B2 (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2015-11-25 | 株式会社日本製鋼所 | Double shock absorber |
| CN203651048U (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2014-06-18 | 四川内江鸿强机床有限公司 | Double-rotating-key type positive clutch of press machine |
| ES2688528T3 (en) * | 2014-10-06 | 2018-11-05 | Dellner Couplers Ab | Connection device suitable for connecting a tie bar or connecting bar to a car of a multi-car vehicle |
| CN107531258A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2018-01-02 | 福伊特专利有限公司 | For the articulated section for being connected the end regions of the cabin side of coupling device bar with compartment hinge type |
-
2016
- 2016-12-19 DE DE102016124808.8A patent/DE102016124808A1/en active Pending
-
2017
- 2017-11-28 CN CN201780075835.5A patent/CN110049910B/en active Active
- 2017-11-28 EP EP17811882.4A patent/EP3554918B1/en active Active
- 2017-11-28 WO PCT/EP2017/080598 patent/WO2018114236A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3554918A1 (en) | 2019-10-23 |
| EP3554918B1 (en) | 2023-01-04 |
| WO2018114236A1 (en) | 2018-06-28 |
| DE102016124808A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 |
| CN110049910A (en) | 2019-07-23 |
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