CN110043296A - A kind of type of resistance to jelly drainable waterproofing plate and its construction method suitable for tunnel in cold area - Google Patents
A kind of type of resistance to jelly drainable waterproofing plate and its construction method suitable for tunnel in cold area Download PDFInfo
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- CN110043296A CN110043296A CN201910340885.2A CN201910340885A CN110043296A CN 110043296 A CN110043296 A CN 110043296A CN 201910340885 A CN201910340885 A CN 201910340885A CN 110043296 A CN110043296 A CN 110043296A
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- tunnel
- dissipation
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- jelly
- resistance
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- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005439 thermosphere Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009746 freeze damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/006—Lining anchored in the rock
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
- E21D11/383—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating by applying waterproof flexible sheets; Means for fixing the sheets to the tunnel or cavity wall
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
- E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of type of resistance to jelly drainable waterproofing plates and its construction method suitable for tunnel in cold area, and including thermal insulation layer, the waterproof roll layer of the thermal insulation layer upper surface and the dissipation layer positioned at waterproof roll layer upper surface is arranged in；The dissipation layer includes multiple dissipation particle parts for being distributed in waterproof roll layer upper surface；There is gap, the dissipation particle part is made of elastic material between the adjacent dissipation particle part；Function of heat insulation is played by thermal insulation layer, to completely cut off influence of the subzero temperature environment to lining cutting behind underground water in tunnel；Waterproof action is played by waterproof roll, prevents underground water from penetrating into tunnel double-lining or even headroom through waterproof roll；Circumferential drainability is effectively promoted by the dissipation particle part of dissipation layer and its gap, and frost-heave force is greatly reduced to the additonal pressure of two linings, is simplified working procedure, is improved speed of application, promote the durability of tunnel structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tunnel construction technical fields, and in particular to a kind of type of resistance to jelly drainable waterproofing plate suitable for tunnel in cold area
And its construction method.
Background technique
The cold area's area distributions in China are extensive, account for about the 70% of national territorial area, in order to meet economy and society growth requirement,
In built many Tunnel Engineering, and it is also quite huge in the tunnel quantity built and planned.Currently, from the point of view of built engineering,
Freeze injury problem takes place frequently, it has also become the main problem of tunnel in cold area seriously affects it and uses function and durability.The main table of freeze injury
Existing form can be divided into ice trouble and frost heave two major classes, and underground water and subzero temperature are the basic reasons that freezing damage in tunnel occurs.Concrete engineering
Freeze injury occurrence factor have very much, because of the problems such as construction quality or design caused by waterproof and water drainage system impeded drainage or failure be
One of the main reasons.
The drainable waterproofing plate of the tunnel in cold area drainable waterproofing plate and ordinary crossing built at present using New Austrian Tunneling Method principle is essentially identical,
Its positioning is also only water-proof function.But in practical projects, because just branch flatness, anchor pole are appeared, laying technology details etc. because
Element often easily leads to the partial failure of drainable waterproofing plate, so that underground water be made to leak into tunnel, in cold Qu Dongji, results in freezing and ask
Topic, leads to the generation of ice trouble.On the other hand, it close to tunnel portal section, is influenced acutely, to drain blind pipe, french drain by subzero temperature outside hole
Deng easily frozen, lead to the impeded drainage in entire tunnel, make it is original it is orderly, without pressure water be transformed into it is unordered, have pressure water, then
The subzero temperature environment being aided in tunnel is easy to cause behind ponding that frost heave occurs, to generate the jelly acted on tunnel structure
Expansive force makes structure breaking even brittle failure, leads to safety accident, influence normal use.
Overwhelming majority traffic tunnel in China's is all made of composite lining at present, i.e. preliminary bracing+splash guard+secondary lining
Form.Preliminary bracing is the reasonable combination of gunite concrete, anchor pole, steelframe, reinforced mesh etc., the country rock excavated due to drilling and blasting method
Wall surface flatness is bad, often backbreaks or owes to dig in the presence of different degrees of, spray in the flatness of the concrete on country rock face
Be difficult to fully up to expectations, the presence of the presence and waterproof plate welding seams appeared etc. along with anchor pole and construction joint etc., and its belong to it is hidden
Engineering is covered, laying quality is affected by the level and state of technical staff, is slightly subtracted not so as to cause the problem of splash guard failure
It is fresh, and existing splash guard does not have drain function.For tunnel in cold area engineering, drainable waterproofing plate once fails, behind
Underground water can gradually pass through the weak links such as the construction joint of secondary lining, deformation joint and leak into tunnel internal, and cold area's tunnel
The frost heave of road underground water is even more that no pressure water state is caused to become have pressure condition, and underground water is made to be easier to leak from lining cutting weakness.
Place abundant for groundwater run off, circumferential blind pipe or drainability are insufficient, cause secondary lining pressure-bearing or even
Damaged or its laying density is big, and economy is deteriorated, complex process.And freeze injury once occurs for the tunnel of rich groundwater,
Degree is often also more serious, and frost-heave force suffered by liner structure is often also bigger.
Summary of the invention
A kind of one kind for the frost-heave force that the purpose of the present invention is to provide stable structure reliably, reduces secondary lining is suitable for
The type of the resistance to jelly drainable waterproofing plate and its construction method of tunnel in cold area.
The technical scheme to solve the above technical problems is that a kind of type of resistance to jelly guarded drainage suitable for tunnel in cold area
Plate including thermal insulation layer, is arranged in the waterproof roll layer of the thermal insulation layer upper surface and is located at waterproof roll layer upper surface
Dissipation layer；
The dissipation layer includes multiple dissipation particle parts for being distributed in waterproof roll layer upper surface；The adjacent dissipation particle
There is gap, the dissipation particle part is made of elastic material between part.
Further, the dissipation particle part is evenly distributed on waterproof roll layer, and the ruler of the adjacent dissipation particle part
It is very little not of uniform size.
Further, the elastic compression volume of the dissipation particle part is greater than the swelling volume that underground water freezes.
Further, pass through welded connecting between adjacent drainable waterproofing plate.
Further, the waterproof roll layer is pasted on the upper surface of the thermal insulation layer.
Further, the thermal insulation layer is made of rubber material or foam.
Further, the waterproof roll layer is made of EVA or PVC material.
Further, the dissipation particle part is rubber, polyurethane or TPE material.
The present invention also provides a kind of construction methods of the type of resistance to jelly drainable waterproofing plate suitable for tunnel in cold area, including following step
It is rapid:
1.: tunnel excavation applies preliminary bracing and checks its surface smoothness；
2.: requirement is applied according to secondary lining, judges that secondary lining applies position；
3.: trolley is in place, and the position for that can apply secondary lining carries out being laid with drainable waterproofing plate work；
4.: secondary lining template is set up, concrete perfusion applies Tunnel Second Lining, and is conserved, and secondary lining is completed
Build construction.
Further, step 2. in, during being laid with drainable waterproofing plate, the dissipation layer of drainable waterproofing plate is towards country rock, anti-row
The thermal insulation layer of water plate is towards secondary lining.
The invention has the following advantages: a kind of type of resistance to jelly guarded drainage suitable for tunnel in cold area provided by the present invention
Plate and its construction method play function of heat insulation by thermal insulation layer, to completely cut off in tunnel subzero temperature environment to lining cutting behind
The influence being lauched；Waterproof action is played by waterproof roll, prevents underground water from penetrating into tunnel double-lining or even net through waterproof roll
In the air；
Thermal insulation layer, waterproof roll layer and dissipation layer are sequentially connected and are an integral structure, and pass through the dissipation particle part of dissipation layer
Gap effectively promotes circumferential drainability, can substitute circle draining blind pipe to a certain extent, to simplify working procedure, improves
Speed of application；And the bullet mould of dissipation particle part is small, compressible, so that the volume expansion of icing body is mainly to compress dissipation particle part
Based on, dissipation particle part can offset the frost-heaving deformation of underground water by the deformation of itself, thus significantly reduce act on it is secondary
Frost-heave force in lining cutting prevents destruction of two lining structures under frost-heave force effect, serves as a contrast so as to which frost-heave force is greatly reduced to two
Additonal pressure, promote the durability of tunnel structure.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is drainable waterproofing plate structural schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is drainable waterproofing plate scheme of installation in the present invention；
Appended drawing reference shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 2 respectively indicates are as follows: 1- thermal insulation layer, 2- waterproof roll layer, 3- dissipation layer, 31- consumption
Scattered seed part, 20- preliminary bracing, 40- secondary lining, 60- drainable waterproofing plate, 80- country rock.
Specific embodiment
The principle and features of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, and
It is non-to be used to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 2, a kind of type of resistance to jelly drainable waterproofing plate suitable for tunnel in cold area, including thermal insulation layer 1, setting exist
The waterproof roll layer 2 of 1 upper surface of thermal insulation layer and dissipation layer 3 positioned at 2 upper surface of waterproof roll layer.Dissipation on dissipation layer
Grain part is matched with certain size level and spatial distribution is fixed in waterproof roll layer surface, and thermal insulation layer 1 is pasted on waterproof roll layer 2
On inner surface.Two pieces of adjacent drainable waterproofing plates by double slit welding be attached, after the completion of connection should the inspection of being sealed property, protect
Demonstrate,prove sealing performance.
Thermal insulation layer 1 plays function of heat insulation, to completely cut off influence of the subzero temperature environment to lining cutting behind underground water in tunnel；
Thermal insulation layer 1 can be made of the low thermal conductivity materials such as rubber or foam class, can also be by adding in waterproof roll layer 2
Heat-barrier material is realized.Waterproof roll layer 2 plays waterproof action, prevents underground water from penetrating into tunnel double-lining through waterproof roll layer 2
Or even in headroom；The waterproof roll mainly uses EVA, PVC, macromolecular compounded waterproof material to be made.Dissipation layer is used for for cold
The frost-heave force problem in area tunnel, by the absorption frost-heaving deformation of dissipation layer, to significantly reduce the jelly acted on secondary lining
Expansive force.
Dissipation layer 3 includes multiple dissipation particle parts 31 for being distributed in 2 upper surface of waterproof roll layer；Adjacent dissipation particle part 31
Between there is gap, dissipation particle part 31 is made of elastic material.
The dissipation particle part can be two kinds of different sizes, three kinds of different sizes or a variety of different sizes,
And multiple dissipation particle parts 31 are evenly distributed on waterproof roll layer 2, select right quantity and size according to actual condition demand
Dissipation particle part 31.By dissipation particle part 31 and its mutual space, primarily serves draining and buffer the work of frost-heave force
With when underground water does not freeze, water body can replace circumferential and longitudinal drainage blind pipe to arrange by the gap of dissipation particle part 31
Out；When underground water freezes, because for country rock and two lining structures, the elasticity modulus of dissipation particle part 31 is small, easy pressure
Contracting, so the volume expansion of icing body is mainly to compress based on dissipation particle part 31, so as to which frost-heave force is greatly reduced to two
The additonal pressure of lining.Dissipation particle part 31 is made of elastic material, and the freeze-thaw resistance properties such as preferred rubber, polyurethane, TPE are good, bullet
The elastic material that property is good, elasticity modulus is small.The shape of dissipation particle part 31 can be spherical shape, hemispherical, square, cuboid and
The forms such as polyhedron.The specific size of dissipation particle part 31 and mutual gap, the displacement according to scene determine, if
Water is big, should use large-sized dissipation particle part, and promote its spacing, thus increase its gap, to promote drainability,
Vice versa, but should ensure that the elastic compression volume of dissipation particle part when freezing is greater than the swelling volume that underground water freezes.
The present invention also provides a kind of construction methods of the type of resistance to jelly drainable waterproofing plate suitable for tunnel in cold area, including following step
It is rapid:
1.: tunnel excavation, wherein single drilling depth length is depending on wall rock condition and equipment equipment ability, then is applied
Preliminary bracing 20 simultaneously checks its surface smoothness, is allowed to meet drainable waterproofing plate laying requirement；
2.: requirement is applied according to secondary lining 40, judges that secondary lining applies position；
3.: the paragraph for that can apply secondary lining, first trolley is in place, then carries out being laid with the work of drainable waterproofing plate 60,
To guarantee the dissipating components of drainable waterproofing plate in process of deployment towards country rock 80,1 side of thermal insulation layer is to secondary lining, between each fixed point
Certain surplus should be reserved to drainable waterproofing plate, then completes the welding at the positions such as related circumferential seam, and guarantees sealing effect
Fruit；
4.: secondary lining template is set up, concrete perfusion applies Tunnel Second Lining, and is conserved, and secondary lining is completed
Build construction.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of type of resistance to jelly drainable waterproofing plate suitable for tunnel in cold area, which is characterized in that including thermal insulation layer (1), be arranged described
The waterproof roll layer (2) of thermal insulation layer (1) upper surface and the dissipation layer (3) for being located at waterproof roll layer (2) upper surface；
The dissipation layer (3) includes multiple dissipation particle parts (31) for being distributed in waterproof roll layer (2) surface；The adjacent dissipation
There is gap, the dissipation particle part (31) is made of elastic material between particle part (31).
2. a kind of type of resistance to jelly drainable waterproofing plate suitable for tunnel in cold area according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the consumption
Scattered seed part (31) is evenly distributed on waterproof roll layer (2), and the adjacent dissipation particle part (31) has different sizes.
3. a kind of type of resistance to jelly drainable waterproofing plate suitable for tunnel in cold area according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the consumption
The elastic compression volume of scattered seed part (31) is greater than the swelling volume that underground water freezes.
4. a kind of type of resistance to jelly drainable waterproofing plate suitable for tunnel in cold area according to claim 2, which is characterized in that adjacent anti-
Pass through welded connecting between drain bar.
5. a kind of type of resistance to jelly drainable waterproofing plate suitable for tunnel in cold area according to any one of claims 1 to 4, feature exist
In the waterproof roll layer (2) is pasted on the upper surface of the thermal insulation layer (1).
6. a kind of type of resistance to jelly drainable waterproofing plate suitable for tunnel in cold area according to claim 5, which is characterized in that it is described every
Thermosphere (1) is rubber material or foam.
7. a kind of type of resistance to jelly drainable waterproofing plate suitable for tunnel in cold area according to claim 5, which is characterized in that described anti-
Water coiled material layer (2) is EVA or PVC material.
8. a kind of type of resistance to jelly drainable waterproofing plate suitable for tunnel in cold area according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the consumption
Scattered seed part (31) is rubber, polyurethane or TPE material.
9. a kind of construction party of the type of resistance to jelly drainable waterproofing plate suitable for tunnel in cold area according to any one of claims 1 to 8
Method, which comprises the following steps:
1.: tunnel excavation applies preliminary bracing (20) and checks its surface smoothness；
2.: it is required according to secondary lining (40), judges that secondary lining applies position；
3.: trolley is in place, and the position for that can apply secondary lining carries out laying drainable waterproofing plate (60) work；
4.: secondary lining template is set up, concrete perfusion applies Tunnel Second Lining, and is conserved, and completes secondary lining and applies
Work.
10. a kind of construction method of the type of resistance to jelly drainable waterproofing plate suitable for tunnel in cold area according to claim 9, feature
Be, step 2. in, during being laid with drainable waterproofing plate, the dissipation layer (31) of drainable waterproofing plate is towards country rock (80), guarded drainage
The thermal insulation layer (1) of plate is towards secondary lining.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910340885.2A CN110043296B (en) | 2019-04-25 | 2019-04-25 | Freezing-resistant drainage plate suitable for cold region tunnel and construction method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910340885.2A CN110043296B (en) | 2019-04-25 | 2019-04-25 | Freezing-resistant drainage plate suitable for cold region tunnel and construction method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110043296A true CN110043296A (en) | 2019-07-23 |
| CN110043296B CN110043296B (en) | 2022-04-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910340885.2A Active CN110043296B (en) | 2019-04-25 | 2019-04-25 | Freezing-resistant drainage plate suitable for cold region tunnel and construction method thereof |
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| Country | Link |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111608727A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-09-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Cold region mountain tunnel composite drainage system and construction method thereof |
| CN114704326A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-07-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High and cold district tunnel drain bar with phase transition is from energy storage and temperature adjustment is frostproofing |
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| CN105332709A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-02-17 | 北京建工土木工程有限公司 | Construction method for initial supporting arch secondary-lining independent tunnel excavation and structures |
| CN106046521A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-10-26 | 中国铁道科学研究院铁道建筑研究所 | Waterproof board, draining board or waterproof and draining board and production method thereof |
| CN205954869U (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-02-15 | 远大洪雨（唐山）防水材料有限公司 | Take drain bar of preventing on self -adhesion limit |
| CN206157927U (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-05-10 | 宏祥新材料股份有限公司 | Drain bar is prevented to self -adhesion overlap joint formula |
| WO2017129627A1 (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2017-08-03 | Carpi Tech B.V. | Method and device for the laying down of a geomembrane |
| CN206859271U (en) * | 2017-06-10 | 2018-01-09 | 河北省同创交通工程配套产品产业技术研究院 | A kind of rubber is incubated drainable waterproofing plate |
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2019
- 2019-04-25 CN CN201910340885.2A patent/CN110043296B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105332709A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-02-17 | 北京建工土木工程有限公司 | Construction method for initial supporting arch secondary-lining independent tunnel excavation and structures |
| WO2017129627A1 (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2017-08-03 | Carpi Tech B.V. | Method and device for the laying down of a geomembrane |
| CN106046521A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-10-26 | 中国铁道科学研究院铁道建筑研究所 | Waterproof board, draining board or waterproof and draining board and production method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111608727A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-09-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Cold region mountain tunnel composite drainage system and construction method thereof |
| CN114704326A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-07-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High and cold district tunnel drain bar with phase transition is from energy storage and temperature adjustment is frostproofing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110043296B (en) | 2022-04-29 |
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