CN110042194A - The production of converter calcic vanadium slag and its subsequent leaching extraction vanadium method - Google Patents
The production of converter calcic vanadium slag and its subsequent leaching extraction vanadium method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110042194A CN110042194A CN201910406132.7A CN201910406132A CN110042194A CN 110042194 A CN110042194 A CN 110042194A CN 201910406132 A CN201910406132 A CN 201910406132A CN 110042194 A CN110042194 A CN 110042194A
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- Prior art keywords
- converter
- vanadium
- oxygen
- vanadium slag
- calcic
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/35—Blowing from above and through the bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/36—Processes yielding slags of special composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/20—Obtaining niobium, tantalum or vanadium
- C22B34/22—Obtaining vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/04—Working-up slag
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of production of converter calcic vanadium slag and its subsequent leaching extraction vanadium methods, belong to heavy metal vanadium metallurgical technology field.The present invention is the problems such as process of the prior art molten iron production containing vanadium leachate is various, vanadium extraction by converter blowing vanadium oxygenation efficiency is low, energy consumption is high, provide production and the leaching method of a kind of converter calcic vanadium slag, it include: after molten iron is blended into converter, coolant and lime is added, is blown using top blast oxygen bottom blowing nitrogen；After finishing blowing, vanadium slag is stayed in converter, bottom blown gas is switched to oxygen, and lime is added, calcic vanadium slag is made；Calcic vanadium slag obtains leachate through acidleach.The application combines calcification baking and vanadium extraction by converter blowing, can reduce operation quantity of the molten iron production containing vanadium leachate, while vanadium slag reduces energy consumption, and significantly improve the oxygenation efficiency and leaching rate for improving vanadium without roasting again after cooling.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to vanadium metallurgical technology fields, and in particular to a kind of production of converter calcic vanadium slag and its subsequent leaching mention
Vanadium method.
Background technique
Vanadium (V) is a kind of transiting group metal elements, and chemical property is more stable at normal temperature, relatively active under high temperature.Vanadium because
It is widely used in the fields such as steel, chemical industry, aviation with excellent intensity, hardness and antifatigue effect.About 84%
Vanadium is dissolved into formation VC and VN in steel as alloying element for steel, refines crystal grain, inhibits the development of bainite and pearlite
Increase martensite intensity, to improve the hardness of steel, intensity, toughness and wear resistance.Vanadium for non-ferrous alloy mainly with
V-Al system alloy is the structural material of representative, such as excellent high temperature Aircraft Structure Materials Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-8Al-1V-Mo and
The alloys such as Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn.Vanadium product for chemical field mainly has V2O5、NH4VO3、V2O3、VOCl3And VCl4Deng use
It is used as the electrode material of catalyst, colorant, high capacity cell.
Vanadium resource disperses very much in distributed in nature, main association in sulphur navajoite, lead navajoite, vanadium marble, potassium vanadate uranium ore with
And in the mineral such as vanadium titano-magnetite.Because of vanadium raw materials type, mineral characteristic and wherein content of vanadium differs greatly, and mentions from vanadium-containing material
It takes technique and the method for vanadium also varied, mainly there is pyrometallurgical smelting, wet-leaching and the wet method combined extraction process of pyrogenic process-.Fire
Method is smelted usually using vanadium titano-magnetite as primary raw material, obtains vanadium-bearing hot metal by blast furnace or other ironmaking processes, then in converter
In be blown into oxygen and make the vanadium oxidization enrichment in metal into slag, obtained vanadium slag or v-bearing steel slag is by roasting-leaching or directly
The mode of leaching carries out subsequent extracted.Wet-leaching is relatively specific for the wastes such as dead catalyst, flying dust and petroleum lime-ash, also has
It is applied in bone coal on a small quantity, the raw ores such as vanadium titano-magnetite, but since wherein vanadium all mainly exists in the form of the trivalent vanadium of indissoluble, directly
It is lower compared with pyrometallurgical smelting and the wet method combined extraction process rate of recovery of pyrogenic process-to connect leaching.Pyrogenic process-is wet method combined to be extracted it is generally necessary to will
Vanadium roasts under oxidizing atmosphere is converted to high price compound in favor of leaching, and the wet method combined extraction process of traditional pyrogenic process-has sodium
Salt roasting-water logging, blank roasting-acidleach (alkali leaching), few salt roasting-circulating leaching and calcium salt roasting-acidleach (alkali leaching) etc..
CN102086487A discloses a kind of vanadium slag treatment method of energy-saving and emission-reduction, comprising the following steps: firstly, will be with iron
1200 DEG C or more of high-temperature liquid state vanadium slag after water separation is placed in slag ladle；Then, sodium is added into slag ladle according to v slag grade
Then compound is supplied oxygen with water cooling supersonic speed or subsonic speed oxygen rifle into slag ladle, cause strong oxidizing property atmosphere, while can play and stir
The effect of mixing promotes to quickly generate water-soluble sodium vanadate in vanadium slag, is fully oxidized to most to guarantee that oxygen-supplying amount is greater than each component in slag
Oxygen amount needed for high oxide, the V that need to be generated using the FeO/TFe in slag as the index for examining degree of oxidation, in vanadium slag2O5
The water-soluble sodium vanadate of generation is reacted with the sodium compound of addition, finally, the obtained bits containing water-soluble sodium vanadate, processing
Obtain V2O5, wherein the dissolution rate of vanadium is 90~94%.But the above method joined a large amount of sodium compound: in sodium compound
Na2O and V2O5Molar ratio be 1~10, Na in embodiment2O and V2O5Molar ratio be 2.3~3, this is because sodium compound
At high temperature be easy decomposition gasification, at high temperature be added sodium compound will lead to sodium compound loss it is larger；Above-mentioned side simultaneously
The vanadium slag that the raw material of method can only use vanadium extraction by converter blowing to produce, production line is long, at high cost.
Summary of the invention
Process the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to prior art molten iron production containing vanadium leachate is various, converter mentions
The vanadium oxygenation efficiency of vanadium is low, energy consumption is high.
The present invention is in order to solve the above technical problems, provide firstly a kind of production method of converter calcic vanadium slag comprising
Following steps:
A, after molten iron is blended into converter, coolant and lime is added, is blown using top blast oxygen bottom blowing nitrogen；
B, after finishing blowing, half steel is poured into half cylinder of steel, vanadium slag is stayed in converter, will after converter is returned to blowing position
Bottom blown gas is switched to oxygen, and lime is added, and oxygen blast terminates, and obtains calcic vanadium slag.
Wherein, in the production method of converter calcic vanadium slag described above, in step A, the dosage of the coolant is 15
~35kg/tFe.
Wherein, in the production method of converter calcic vanadium slag described above, in step A, the addition time of the coolant
Before starting for oxygen blast in 3min.
Wherein, in the production method of converter calcic vanadium slag described above, in step A, the additional amount of the lime is 2.5
~3.5kg/tFe.
Wherein, in the production method of converter calcic vanadium slag described above, in step A, the addition time of the lime is
After addition coolant in 2min.
Wherein, in the production method of converter calcic vanadium slag described above, in step A, when blowing, oxygen gun blowing rifle position is adopted
It is controlled with " high-low-high " mode, i.e. 1.0~1.5min of Primary period uses 1.7~2.0m high rifle position, and mid-term uses 1.6
The low rifle position of~1.8m, 0.5~1.0min uses 1.7~2.0m high rifle position before finishing blowing.
Wherein, in the production method of converter calcic vanadium slag described above, in step A, when blowing, the oxygen supply of top blast oxygen
Strength control is in 2.0~3.0m3/ (mintFe), oxygen blow duration control in 5~6.5min, oxygen pressure control 0.7~
0.9MPa。
Wherein, in the production method of converter calcic vanadium slag described above, in step A, top blast oxygen stage bottom blowing nitrogen
Flow control is in 0.1~0.5m3/(min·tFe)。
Wherein, in the production method of converter calcic vanadium slag described above, in step B, bottom blowing oxygen flow be 0.25~
0.75m3/(min·tFe)。
Wherein, in the production method of converter calcic vanadium slag described above, in step B, the additional amount of lime is 1.0~
1.5kg/tFe。
Wherein, in the production method of converter calcic vanadium slag described above, in step B, the bottom blowing oxygen time be 2~
3min。
After calcic vanadium slag is prepared using the above method, the present invention also leaches it, comprising the following steps:
C, calcic vanadium slag obtains leachate through cooling, broken, magnetic separation, ball milling, acidleach and separation.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention combines calcification baking and vanadium extraction by converter blowing, can reduce operation quantity of the molten iron production containing vanadium leachate,
Vanadium slag reduces energy consumption without roasting again after cooling simultaneously；It is blown, is stirred to vanadium slag using high pressure oxygen in converter
Effect is mixed to greatly improve so that in slag CaO mix it is more uniform, be more advantageous to vanadium slag calcification processing effect；Then effectively sharp
With the self-heating of vanadium slag, make V in vanadium slag2O3It is oxidized to V2O5, roasting bring heat consumption is carried out again after reducing vanadium slag cooling；
By the combination of molten iron blowing and slag blowing, CaO//V is controlled2O5Quality when blows parameter, improves the oxygenation efficiency of vanadium；Processing
Rear vanadium slag is cooling, can directly carry out water logging after magnetic separation, can improve the leaching rate of vanadium, the utilization and vanadium extraction for being conducive to resource produce
Cost reduces.
Specific embodiment
Specifically, the production method of converter calcic vanadium slag comprising following steps:
A, after molten iron is blended into converter, coolant and lime is added, is blown using top blast oxygen bottom blowing nitrogen；
B, after finishing blowing, half steel is poured into half cylinder of steel, vanadium slag is stayed in converter, will after converter is returned to blowing position
Bottom blown gas is switched to oxygen, and lime is added, and oxygen blast terminates, and obtains calcic vanadium slag.
In step A of the present invention, the coolant of 15~35kg/tFe is added in 3min before oxygen blast starts, coolant can be used
The more material of oxides-containing iron in the art common, such as: high-grade iron ore, bloodstone, iron oxide red, iron scale wherein one
Kind or several mixtures.
After addition coolant in 2min, the lime of 2.5~3.5kg/tFe is added, it at this time can be by CaO//V in vanadium slag2O5
Mass ratio is controlled 0.50~0.60, uniformly mixes lime with vanadium slag in the blowing process, is conducive to the subsequent oxygen to vanadium slag
Calcium vanadate is generated during changing, most beneficial for the extraction of Vanadium in Vanadium Residue；And the fusing point reduction of vanadium slag after lime, slag iron separation is added
Effect is good, and iron-content is few in slag, and the process oxygen utilization rate for aoxidizing vanadium slag is higher.
In step A of the present invention, when blowing, oxygen gun blowing rifle position is controlled using " high-low-high " mode, that is, before blowing
1.0~1.5min of phase uses 1.7~2.0m high rifle position, and mid-term uses the low rifle position of 1.6~1.8m, 0.5 before finishing blowing~
1.0min uses 1.7~2.0m high rifle position；The oxygen supply intensity for controlling top blast oxygen simultaneously is 2.0~3.0m3/ (mintFe),
Oxygen blow duration is 5~6.5min, and oxygen pressure is 0.7~0.9MPa, the control of top blast oxygen stage bottom blowing nitrogen flow 0.1~
0.5m3/(min·tFe).It is blown using high pressure oxygen to vanadium slag in converter, mixing effect greatly improves, so that in slag
CaO is mixed more uniform, is more advantageous to the oxidation vanadium from molten iron and is obtained vanadium slag and subsequent vanadium slag calcification processing effect.
In step A after finishing blowing, half steel is poured into half cylinder of steel, vanadium slag is stayed in converter, by bottom blowing mode to vanadium
Oxygen blast gas in slag, and controlling bottom blowing oxygen flow is 0.25~0.75m3/ (mintFe) is promoted using the heat of high temperature vanadium slag
Into V in vanadium slag2O3It is reacted with oxygen and generates V2O5, the lime of 1.0~1.5kg/tFe is added, CaO//V in slag is made2O5Mass ratio
Reach 0.55~0.65, and then makes V in slag2O3Calcium vanadate utmostly is generated with CaO, further increases V leaching rate.
In step B of the present invention, using the self-heating of vanadium slag, the bottom blowing oxygen time is 2~3min, can make V in vanadium slag2O3Quilt
It is oxidized to V2O5, improve production efficiency.
On the basis of the production method of converter calcic vanadium slag described above, the present invention also provides a kind of calcic vanadium slags
Extraction vanadium method is directly leached, further comprising the steps of:
C, calcic vanadium slag obtains leachate through cooling, broken, magnetic separation, ball milling, acidleach and separation.
Leaching step can be used routine operation in the art and complete, and following specific steps can be used: calcic vanadium slag is poured into
Cooling is covered after in vanadium slag tank, control cooling time in 36~72h, it is cooling after by vanadium slag broken, magnetic separation, ball milling at 120
Mesh fine powder after fine powder is mixed with water by weight 1:2, is leached using the sulfuric acid solution of 1:1, and pH value is controlled 2.8~3.2
Between, leaching process mixed liquor is using mechanical stirring (300~400r/min of rotating speed of agitator) and heats holding temperature 50 ± 2
DEG C, it is filtered by vacuum after 1h, gained filtrate is leachate.
In the present invention, initial molten iron temperature is generally 1190~1360 DEG C, and converting process temperature is no more than 1400 DEG C.
Below by embodiment, invention is further described in detail, but does not therefore limit the scope of the present invention
Among the embodiment described range.
Embodiment 1
A, after molten iron is blended into converter, the coolant of 24kg/tFe is added before oxygen blast starts in 3min, after coolant is added
Lime 3.5kg/tFe is added in 2min, by CaO/V in vanadium slag2O5Mass ratio is controlled 0.50~0.60；
B, it is blown using oxygen gun blowing, rifle position is controlled using " high-low-high " mode when oxygen gun blowing, that is, is blown
It refines 1.0min early period and uses 1.95m high rifle position, mid-term uses the low rifle position of 1.62m, and 0.5min uses 2.0m high rifle before finishing blowing
Position；Top blast oxygen stage bottom blowing nitrogen flow is controlled in 0.15m3/(min·tFe)；When blowing, the oxygen supply intensity of top blast oxygen
Control is in 2.5m3/ (mintFe), oxygen blow duration control are controlled in 6.5min, oxygen pressure in 0.75MPa；
C, after oxygen blowing, half steel is poured into half cylinder of steel, vanadium slag is stayed in converter, converter is returned to blowing position
Afterwards, bottom blown gas is switched to oxygen, oxygen flow 0.75m3/ (mintFe), while lime 1kg/tFe is added, it blows
Time 2min；After vanadium slag oxygen blast, cooling 72h obtains calcic vanadium slag；
D, by calcic vanadium slag, broken, magnetic separation, ball milling are at 120 mesh fine powders, after fine powder is mixed with water by weight 1:2, use
The sulfuric acid solution of 1:1 is leached, and pH value controls between 2.8~3.2, and leaching process mixed liquor is using mechanical stirring (stirring
300~400r/min of paddle revolving speed) and 50 ± 2 DEG C of temperature of holding is heated, it is filtered by vacuum after 1h, gained filtrate is leachate.
Full-range vanadium oxygenation efficiency is 91.04%, V leaching rate 94.77%.
Embodiment 2
A, after molten iron is blended into converter, the coolant of 30kg/tFe is added before oxygen blast starts in 3min, after coolant is added
Lime 2.5kg/tFe is added in 2min, by CaO/V in vanadium slag2O5Mass ratio is controlled 0.50~0.60；
B, it is blown using oxygen gun blowing, rifle position is controlled using " high-low-high " mode when oxygen gun blowing, that is, is blown
It refines 1.5min early period and uses 1.9m high rifle position, mid-term uses the low rifle position of 1.6m, and 1.0min uses 1.9min high rifle before finishing blowing
Position；Top blast oxygen stage bottom blowing nitrogen flow is controlled in 0.15m3/(min·tFe)；When blowing, the oxygen supply intensity of top blast oxygen
Control is in 2.5m3/ (mintFe), oxygen blow duration control are controlled in 6min, oxygen pressure in 0.8MPa；
C, after oxygen blowing, half steel is poured into half cylinder of steel, vanadium slag is stayed in converter, converter is returned to blowing position
Afterwards, bottom blown gas is switched to oxygen, oxygen flow 0.5m3/ (mintFe), while lime 1.5kg/tFe is added, it blows
Time 3min；After vanadium slag oxygen blast, cooling 38h obtains calcic vanadium slag；
D, by calcic vanadium slag, broken, magnetic separation, ball milling are at 120 mesh fine powders, after fine powder is mixed with water by weight 1:2, use
The sulfuric acid solution of 1:1 is leached, and pH value controls between 2.8~3.2, and leaching process mixed liquor is using mechanical stirring (stirring
300~400r/min of paddle revolving speed) and 50 ± 2 DEG C of temperature of holding is heated, it is filtered by vacuum after 1h, gained filtrate is leachate.
Full-range vanadium oxygenation efficiency is 90.63%, V leaching rate 95.07%.
Claims (10)
1. the production method of converter calcic vanadium slag, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
A, after molten iron is blended into converter, coolant and lime is added, is blown using top blast oxygen bottom blowing nitrogen；
B, after finishing blowing, half steel is poured into half cylinder of steel, vanadium slag is stayed in converter, after converter is returned to blowing position, by bottom blowing
Gas is switched to oxygen, and lime is added, and oxygen blast terminates, and obtains calcic vanadium slag.
2. the production method of converter calcic vanadium slag according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step A, the coolant
Dosage be 15~35kg/tFe；The addition time of the coolant is that oxygen blast starts in preceding 3min.
3. the production method of converter calcic vanadium slag according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step A, the lime
Additional amount is 2.5~3.5kg/tFe；The addition time of the lime is in 2min after addition coolant.
4. the production method of converter calcic vanadium slag according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step A, when blowing, oxygen
Rifle oxygen blast rifle position is controlled using " high-low-high " mode, i.e. 1.0~1.5min of Primary period uses 1.7~2.0m high rifle
Position, mid-term use the low rifle position of 1.6~1.8m, and 0.5~1.0min uses 1.7~2.0m high rifle position before finishing blowing.
5. the production method of converter calcic vanadium slag according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step A, when blowing, top
The oxygen supply intensity of oxygen blast gas is controlled in 2.0~3.0m3/ (mintFe), oxygen blow duration are controlled in 5~6.5min, oxygen pressure
Control is in 0.7~0.9MPa.
6. the production method of converter calcic vanadium slag according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step A, top blast oxygen rank
Section bottom blowing nitrogen flow control is in 0.1~0.5m3/(min·tFe)。
7. the production method of converter calcic vanadium slag according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step B, bottom blowing oxygen stream
Amount is 0.25~0.75m3/(min·tFe)。
8. the production method of converter calcic vanadium slag according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step B, the addition of lime
Amount is 1.0~1.5kg/tFe.
9. the production method of converter calcic vanadium slag according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step B, when bottom blowing oxygen
Between be 2~3min.
10. the production of converter calcic vanadium slag and its subsequent leaching extraction vanadium method, it is characterised in that: in any one of claim 1~9
On the basis of, it is further comprising the steps of:
C, calcic vanadium slag obtains leachate through cooling, broken, magnetic separation, ball milling, acidleach and separation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910406132.7A CN110042194A (en) | 2019-05-16 | 2019-05-16 | The production of converter calcic vanadium slag and its subsequent leaching extraction vanadium method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910406132.7A CN110042194A (en) | 2019-05-16 | 2019-05-16 | The production of converter calcic vanadium slag and its subsequent leaching extraction vanadium method |
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| CN110042194A true CN110042194A (en) | 2019-07-23 |
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ID=67282217
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020228750A1 (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2020-11-19 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | Method for producing calcium-containing vanadium slag by adding lime to converter molten iron and leaching method therefor |
| CN112359231A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-12 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Method for extracting vanadium by directly calcifying hot vanadium slag |
-
2019
- 2019-05-16 CN CN201910406132.7A patent/CN110042194A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020228750A1 (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2020-11-19 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | Method for producing calcium-containing vanadium slag by adding lime to converter molten iron and leaching method therefor |
| CN112359231A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-12 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Method for extracting vanadium by directly calcifying hot vanadium slag |
| CN112359231B (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2022-12-23 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Method for extracting vanadium by directly calcifying hot vanadium slag |
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