CN110041967B - Secondary cyclone return material and waste heat utilization system for high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas - Google Patents
Secondary cyclone return material and waste heat utilization system for high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN110041967B CN110041967B CN201810380434.7A CN201810380434A CN110041967B CN 110041967 B CN110041967 B CN 110041967B CN 201810380434 A CN201810380434 A CN 201810380434A CN 110041967 B CN110041967 B CN 110041967B
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- tube
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- pressure
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 104
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012840 feeding operation Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
- C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a secondary cyclone return material of high-temperature high-pressure flue gas and a waste heat utilization system, which comprise a fluidized bed gasification furnace, a cyclone separation device and a waste heat utilization device, wherein a fluidized bed air outlet of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is connected with a primary flue gas inlet of a primary cyclone separator of the cyclone separation device, an inclined return pipe of the cyclone separation device is communicated with a return material port of the fluidized bed gasification furnace, and a secondary flue gas outlet of the secondary cyclone separator of the cyclone separation device is connected with a filtered flue gas inlet of a high-temperature high-pressure fire tube boiler of the waste heat utilization device. The invention has the advantages that the butterfly valve is matched with the right-angle pipeline, so that the working pressure of the butterfly valve is reduced, and the abrasion speed of the butterfly valve is reduced; the flexible tube plate can well buffer thermal stress, so that deformation and damage are avoided; the gaps between two adjacent first tube bundle groups and the gaps between two adjacent second tube bundle groups are larger, so that the operation space is enlarged, and the leak points are relatively easy to find and repair.
Description
Technical field:
the invention relates to a high-temperature high-pressure flue gas treatment system of a fluidized bed gasifier, in particular to a secondary cyclone return material of high-temperature high-pressure flue gas and a waste heat utilization system.
The background technology is as follows:
the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas exhausted by the fluidized bed gasifier is filtered by a cyclone return system, and is subjected to cooling treatment by a waste heat boiler after being filtered.
The return device of the cyclone return system comprises a feed pipe, a return valve and a return pipeline. The feed back valves used in the prior circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace are mainly U-shaped valves and wing valves. The resistance of the U valve to gas flow is larger, and during the heating period of the fluidized bed gasifier, high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas cannot enter the cyclone separator quickly, so that the cyclone separator cannot realize synchronous heating with the fluidized bed gasifier, and after the feeding operation of the fluidized bed gasifier, the material leg of the cyclone separator is heated up severely, the internal coating thermal stress is increased too fast, and the coating falls off. Before the gasification furnace is baked, the wing valve needs to be manually entered into the pipeline to be opened and fixed through a fuse wire, so that the purpose that high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas enters the feed back device and the dipleg to heat the feed back device is realized, and the operation is complex; after feeding, the materials in the dipleg are all pressed on the valve plate of the wing valve, so that the working pressure of the valve plate is high, when the pressure of the materials reaches a certain value, the wing valve can be driven to be opened, and the materials are always in sliding contact with the valve plate, so that the valve plate is seriously worn.
The waste heat boiler generally comprises a fire tube evaporation section, a high-pressure superheater and an economizer, and has larger size, so that the temperature difference between the top and the bottom of the waste heat boiler is large, the shell generates larger deformation, and equipment is damaged when serious. The flue gas temperature of the waste heat boiler air inlet is about 1000 ℃, so that the thermal stress of a flat tube plate on one side of a fire tube evaporation section, which is close to the air inlet, is larger, the flat tube plate and the side wall of the boiler are in a direct welded hard connection mode, the tube holes on the flat tube plate generate certain deformation, pressure is generated on the fire tube, the air inlet end of the fire tube is deformed, and the flow resistance of high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas is increased; the fire tube is deformed along the axial direction by thermal stress, so that the flat tube plate is deformed along the axial direction, and the flat tube plate is welded with the side wall of the boiler, so that the deformation capacity near the edge is poor, and the flat tube plate is irrecoverably deformed or even damaged or the welded part with the side wall of the boiler is cracked. The gap between the high-pressure steam superheater and the heat exchange tube bundle of the economizer in the waste heat boiler is small, so that the system resistance of the central area of the heat exchange tube is large, coal dust in high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas is easy to gather and block in the central area, and when the high-pressure water is used for cleaning, the central area of the heat exchange tube is difficult to clean and cannot be cleaned due to limited space; the sulfur-containing substances are contained in the coal dust, the cleaned sulfur-containing substances are dissolved in water to form an acidic solution, the acidic solution can corrode the waste heat boiler, oxygen is reserved in the cleaned waste heat boiler, and when the waste heat boiler is corroded, heat can be emitted, so that the coal dust in the coal dust is combusted, and a heat exchange tube bundle is damaged and leaked; after the heat exchange tube bundles are damaged and leaked, because the gap between the heat exchange tube bundles is small, the overhaul is inconvenient, the internal tube banks can be only pulled out for overhaul, and if the damage is serious, the whole replacement is needed, the overhaul time is long, and the consumption cost is high.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention aims to provide a secondary cyclone return material and a waste heat utilization system of high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas, which can ensure that a cyclone separator and a fluidized bed gasifier are synchronously heated in the process of baking, reduce the failure rate of a return device, and have the advantages that the waste heat utilization system is not easy to accumulate ash, is not easy to damage and has large overhaul space.
The invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: the secondary cyclone return material of the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas and the waste heat utilization system comprise a fluidized bed gasification furnace, a cyclone separation device and a waste heat utilization device, wherein a fluidized bed air outlet of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is connected with a primary flue gas inlet of a primary cyclone separator of the cyclone separation device, an inclined return pipe of the cyclone separation device is communicated with a return port of the fluidized bed gasification furnace, and a secondary flue gas outlet of the secondary cyclone separator of the cyclone separation device is connected with a filtered flue gas inlet of a high-temperature high-pressure fire tube boiler of the waste heat utilization device.
Further, the cyclone separation device comprises the primary cyclone separator, the secondary cyclone separator, a primary return device and a secondary return device, wherein a primary flue gas outlet of the primary cyclone separator is connected with a secondary flue gas inlet of the secondary cyclone separator;
The first-stage feeding device comprises a first feeding pipe which is vertically arranged, the top end of the first feeding pipe is communicated with a first dipleg of the first-stage cyclone separator, the bottom end of the first feeding pipe is connected with a first horizontal feeding pipe, and the first feeding pipe is communicated with the first horizontal feeding pipe; an end socket is arranged at one end of the first horizontal feed back pipe, which is close to the fluidized bed gasifier, and a second horizontal feed back pipe is connected with one end of the first horizontal feed back pipe, which is far away from the fluidized bed gasifier; a first loosening air inlet is formed in the side wall of the first horizontal feed back pipe, the first loosening air inlet is arranged opposite to the bottom end of the first feed pipe, a first loosening air pipeline is connected to the first loosening air inlet, and a first loosening valve is arranged on the first loosening air pipeline; a discharge port is arranged on the first horizontal feed back pipe between the first loosening gas inlet and the sealing head, and a butterfly valve is arranged on the first horizontal feed back pipe between the discharge port and the first loosening gas inlet; the discharge port is connected with the inclined feed back pipe through a pipeline, and the discharge end of the inclined feed back pipe is communicated with the feed back port of the fluidized bed gasifier;
The second-stage feeding device comprises a second feeding pipe which is vertically arranged, the top end of the second feeding pipe is communicated with a second dipleg of the second-stage cyclone separator, the bottom end of the second feeding pipe is connected with a second horizontal feeding pipe, one end, far away from the first horizontal feeding pipe, of the second horizontal feeding pipe is connected with a fluidization gas pipeline, the second horizontal feeding pipe is communicated with the fluidization gas pipeline, and a fluidization valve is arranged on the fluidization gas pipeline; the side wall of the second horizontal feed back pipe is provided with a second loosening air inlet, the second loosening air inlet is opposite to the bottom end of the second feed pipe, a second loosening air pipeline is connected to the second loosening air inlet, and a second loosening valve is arranged on the second loosening air pipeline.
Further, the butterfly valve comprises a valve plate, a non-circular through hole is formed in the valve plate along the central line direction, a valve rod is inserted into the non-circular through hole, and the valve rod is matched with the non-circular through hole; the side wall of the first horizontal feed back pipe is provided with a valve rod groove, the bottom end of the valve rod penetrates through the non-circular through hole and is inserted into the valve rod groove, the top end of the valve rod sequentially penetrates through the non-circular through hole and the side wall of the first horizontal feed back pipe, and the valve rod is arranged outside the first horizontal feed back pipe.
Further, the first horizontal feed back pipe is detachably connected with the seal head; the upper end of the inclined feed back pipe is connected with a purging air pipeline, the inclined feed back pipe is communicated with the purging air pipeline, and a purging valve is arranged on the purging air pipeline; a first pressure gauge is arranged at the upper part of the first dipleg, and a second pressure gauge is arranged at the lower part of the first dipleg; a third pressure gauge is arranged at the upper part of the second dipleg, and a fourth pressure gauge is arranged at the lower part of the second dipleg; a fifth pressure gauge is arranged at the lower part of the fluidized bed gasifier, the fifth pressure gauge and the material returning opening are positioned at the same height, and a sixth pressure gauge is arranged at the air outlet of the fluidized bed.
Further, the waste heat utilization device comprises a steam drum, the high-temperature high-pressure fire tube boiler and a high-temperature high-pressure flue gas heat exchange device; the water outlet of the steam drum is communicated with the water inlet of the high-temperature high-pressure fire tube boiler through a down pipe, and the water inlet of the steam drum is communicated with the water outlet of the high-temperature high-pressure fire tube boiler through a riser pipe; the steam outlet of the steam drum is communicated with the steam inlet pipe of the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas heat exchange device through a steam pipe, and the supplementing water inlet of the steam drum is communicated with the water outlet pipe of the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas heat exchange device through a supplementing water pipe; the boiler flue gas outlet of the high-temperature high-pressure fire tube boiler is communicated with the heat exchange flue gas inlet of the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas heat exchange device through a gas pipe.
Further, the high-temperature high-pressure fire tube boiler comprises a boiler body, the top end of the boiler body is provided with the filtered flue gas inlet, the bottom end of the boiler body is provided with the boiler flue gas outlet, the upper side of the inside of the boiler body is horizontally provided with a flexible tube plate, and the edge of the flexible tube plate is bent upwards and welded with the inner wall of the boiler body; a flat tube plate is horizontally arranged at the lower side of the inside of the furnace body, and the flat tube plate is welded with the inner wall of the furnace body; the flexible tube plate and the flat tube plate divide the interior of the furnace body into an upper air chamber, a heat exchange chamber and a lower air chamber from top to bottom in sequence; the lower part of the side wall of the heat exchange chamber is provided with the water inlet and the sewage outlet, and the side wall of the furnace body at the upper part of the heat exchange chamber is provided with the water outlet;
a plurality of common fire tubes and a plurality of special fire tubes are arranged between the flexible tube plate and the flat tube plate, the special fire tubes are close to the side wall of the furnace body and distributed along the circumferential direction of the furnace body, and the common fire tubes are positioned between the special fire tubes and the axis of the furnace body; the upper end of each common fire tube passes through the flexible tube plate to be communicated with the upper air chamber, and the lower end of each common fire tube passes through the flat tube plate to be communicated with the lower air chamber; the upper end of each special fire tube penetrates through the flexible tube plate to be communicated with the upper air chamber, and the lower end of each special fire tube penetrates through the flat tube plate to be communicated with the lower air chamber.
Further, the upper part of the special fire tube is an expanded diameter section, the lower part of the special fire tube is provided with an expansion joint, the diameter of the expanded diameter section is larger than or equal to the diameter of the expansion joint, and the diameter of the expanded diameter section is larger than the diameter of the common fire tube; a second fireproof sheath is inserted into the diameter expansion section, a second fire retaining ring is integrally arranged on the outer wall of the second fireproof sheath, the second fire retaining ring is arranged above the flexible tube plate, the bottom surface of the second fire retaining ring is abutted against the top surface of the special fire tube, a second fireproof fiber felt is wound on the outer wall of the second fireproof sheath below the second fire retaining ring, and the inner wall of the diameter expansion section is attached to the second fireproof fiber felt;
the fire-resistant pipe is characterized in that a first fireproof sheath is inserted into the top end of the common fire tube, a first fire-resistant ring is integrally arranged on the outer wall of the first fireproof sheath, the first fire-resistant ring is arranged above the flexible tube plate, the bottom surface of the first fire-resistant ring is in butt joint with the top surface of the common fire tube, a first fireproof fiber felt is wound on the outer wall of the first fireproof sheath below the first fire-resistant ring, and the inner wall of the common fire tube is attached to the first fireproof fiber felt.
Further, the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas heat exchange device comprises a shell, wherein the top of the shell is provided with the heat exchange flue gas inlet, the side wall of the lower part of the shell is provided with the heat exchange flue gas outlet, the inside of the shell is provided with a superheater section and an economizer section, and the superheater section is positioned above the economizer section;
the superheater section comprises at least one stage of superheating device, when two or more stages of superheating devices exist, all the superheating devices are arranged along the height direction of the shell, and the steam outlet end of the steam outlet pipe of the upper stage of superheating device is communicated with the steam inlet end of the steam inlet pipe of the lower stage of superheating device; the steam inlet end of the steam inlet pipe of the superheating device positioned at the bottom of the superheater section passes through the side wall of the shell and is arranged outside the shell, and the steam outlet end of the steam outlet pipe of the superheating device positioned at the top of the superheater section passes through the side wall of the shell and is arranged outside the shell;
the coal economizer section comprises at least one stage of coal economizer, when two or more stages of coal economizers exist, all the coal economizers are arranged along the height direction of the shell, and the water outlet end of the water outlet pipe of the upper stage of coal economizer is communicated with the water inlet end of the water inlet pipe of the lower stage of coal economizer; the water inlet end of the water inlet pipe of the coal saving device positioned at the bottom of the coal saving device section penetrates through the side wall of the shell to be arranged outside the shell, and the water outlet end of the water outlet pipe of the coal saving device positioned at the top of the coal saving device section penetrates through the side wall of the shell to be arranged outside the shell.
Further, the superheating device comprises the steam inlet pipe and the steam outlet pipe, the steam inlet pipe is positioned below the steam outlet pipe, a plurality of first pipe bundle groups which are parallel to each other are arranged between the steam inlet pipe and the steam outlet pipe, the steam inlet end of the first pipe bundle group is communicated with the steam inlet pipe, and the steam outlet end of the first pipe bundle group is communicated with the steam outlet pipe; the gap between two adjacent first tube bundle groups is h1, each first tube bundle group comprises at least two first tube bundles which are arranged in parallel, the gap between two adjacent first tube bundles in each first tube bundle group is h2, h1 is more than or equal to h2, and each first tube bundle comprises a plurality of snakelike steam tubes with axes in the same plane; a first air blocking pipe is horizontally arranged between the tops of two adjacent first pipe bundle groups, the first air blocking pipe is parallel to the first pipe bundle groups, and the length of the first air blocking pipe is equal to the width of the first pipe bundle.
Further, the coal saving device comprises the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe, wherein the water inlet pipe is positioned below the water outlet pipe, a plurality of second pipe bundle groups which are parallel to each other are arranged between the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe, the water inlet ends of the second pipe bundle groups are communicated with the water inlet pipe, and the water outlet ends of the second pipe bundle groups are communicated with the water outlet pipe; the gap between two adjacent second tube bundle groups is h3, each second tube bundle group comprises at least two second tube bundles which are arranged in parallel, the gap between two adjacent second tube bundles in each second tube bundle group is h4, h3 is more than or equal to h4, and each second tube bundle comprises a plurality of serpentine water pipes with axes in the same plane; a second air blocking pipe is horizontally arranged between two adjacent second pipe bundle groups, the second air blocking pipe is parallel to the second pipe bundle groups, and the length of the second air blocking pipe is equal to the width of the second pipe bundle.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. during the heating period of the fluidized bed gasifier, after the butterfly valve is opened, high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas can rapidly enter the primary cyclone separator and the secondary cyclone separator, so that the synchronous heating of the primary cyclone separator, the secondary cyclone separator and the fluidized bed gasifier is realized, and the falling of a coating caused by the severe heating of the interiors of the first dipleg and the second dipleg after the feeding operation of the fluidized bed gasifier is avoided; 2. the butterfly valve is matched with the right-angle pipeline, and after the material accumulation angle in the first horizontal feed back pipe and the second horizontal feed back pipe reaches the repose angle by utilizing the repose angle of solid particles, the materials in the first feed back pipe and the second feed back pipe stop moving towards the inside of the first horizontal feed back pipe and the second horizontal feed back pipe, so that the working pressure of the butterfly valve is reduced, the abrasion speed of the butterfly valve is reduced, and the service life of the butterfly valve is prolonged; 3. the butterfly valve is composed of a valve plate and a valve rod, the structure is simple, a detachable sealing head is arranged at one end of the horizontal feed back pipe, which is close to the butterfly valve, and the valve plate is easy to replace after being damaged; 4. separating the fire tube evaporation section, the superheater section and the economizer section from the waste heat boiler to form an independent device, so as to prevent the overlarge deformation caused by overlarge temperature difference between two ends of the high-temperature high-pressure fire tube boiler and the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas heat exchange device and avoid equipment damage; 5. the flexible tube plate is adopted at one side of the high-temperature high-pressure fire tube boiler, which is close to the upper air chamber, and the edge of the flexible tube plate is bent upwards, so that the thermal stress can be well buffered, the pressure on the air inlet ends of the common fire tube and the special fire tube is reduced, the high flow resistance of high-temperature high-pressure smoke caused by the deformation of the air inlet ends of the common fire tube and the special fire tube is avoided, and meanwhile, the deformation and the damage of the flexible tube plate are avoided after the thermal stress is buffered; 6. the expansion joint is arranged at the lower part of the special fire tube, so that the axial deformation of the special fire tube can be buffered, and the pressure on the flat tube plate is prevented after the special fire tube is axially deformed, thereby avoiding the unrecoverable deformation, even damage or cracking of the welded part of the flat tube plate and the side wall of the boiler; 7. because the gap between two adjacent first tube bundle groups is larger than the gap between two adjacent first tube bundles in the first tube bundle groups, after the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas enters the superheater section, the flue gas moves towards the gap between the two adjacent first tube bundle groups with pulverized coal, so that the accumulated amount of the pulverized coal in the central region of the superheater section is reduced; the gap between two adjacent second tube bundle groups is larger than the gap between two adjacent second tube bundles in the second tube bundle groups, and similarly, the accumulated amount of coal dust in the central area of the economizer section is reduced, and the dust cleaning pressure is reduced; after the accumulation amount of coal dust is reduced, high-pressure water is not needed to be used for flushing, so that oxygen is prevented from entering the shell to burn sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, and the first tube bundle and the second tube bundle are prevented from being burnt and damaged; 9. the gap between two adjacent first tube bundle groups and the gap between two adjacent second tube bundle groups are larger, so that the operation space is enlarged, the leak points are relatively easy to find and repair, the overhaul time is short, and the consumption cost is low.
Description of the drawings:
in order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the valve plate of a right angle butterfly valve;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a structure of a high temperature high pressure fire tube boiler;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion B of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of a special fire tube;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a high temperature high pressure flue gas heat exchange device;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion C of FIG. 7;
fig. 9 is a partial enlarged view of a portion D in fig. 7.
Fluidized bed gasification furnace 1, primary cyclone 2, secondary cyclone 3, first feed pipe 4, first dipleg 5, first horizontal feed back pipe 6, head 7, first loose gas inlet 8, first loose gas pipe 9, first loose valve 10, discharge port 11, butterfly valve 12, inclined feed back pipe 13, return port 14, second feed pipe 15, second dipleg 16, fifth pressure gauge 17, fluidization gas pipe 18, fluidization valve 19, second loose gas inlet 20, second loose gas pipe 21, second loose valve 22, valve plate 23, non-circular through hole 23-1, valve rod 24, rod groove 6-1, sixth pressure gauge 25, purge gas pipe 26, purge valve 27, first pressure gauge 28, second pressure gauge 29, third pressure gauge 30, fourth pressure gauge 31, high temperature high pressure fire tube boiler 32, high temperature high pressure flue gas heat exchanger 33, down pipe 34, riser 35, make-up water pipe 36, gas pipe 37, furnace 38, post-filter flue gas inlet 39, boiler flue gas outlet 40, flexible tube sheet 41, flat tube sheet 42, upper plenum 43, heat exchange chamber 44, lower plenum 45, water inlet 46, drain 47, water outlet 48, common fire tube 49, special fire tube 50, expanded section 50-1, expansion joint 50-2, second fire-resistant jacket 51, second firestop ring 52, second refractory fiber blanket 53, first fire-resistant jacket 54, first firestop ring 55, first refractory fiber blanket 56, shell 57, heat exchange flue gas inlet 58, heat exchange flue gas outlet 59, steam inlet tube 60, steam outlet tube 61, superheating device 62, coal-saving device 63, first tube bundle 64, first tube bundle 65, serpentine steam tube 66, first steam stop tube 67, water inlet tube 68, water outlet tube 69, second tube bundle 70, second tube bundle 71, serpentine water tube 72, steam drum 73, a second horizontal feed back pipe 74, a steam pipe 75 and a second baffle pipe 77.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the secondary cyclone return material and waste heat utilization system for high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas comprises a fluidized bed gasification furnace 1, a cyclone separation device and a waste heat utilization device, wherein a fluidized bed air outlet of the fluidized bed gasification furnace 1 is connected with a primary flue gas inlet of a primary cyclone separator 2 of the cyclone separation device, an inclined return pipe 13 of the cyclone separation device is communicated with a return material port 14 of the fluidized bed gasification furnace 1, and a secondary flue gas outlet of a secondary cyclone separator 3 of the cyclone separation device is connected with a filtered flue gas inlet 39 of a high-temperature and high-pressure fire tube boiler 32 of the waste heat utilization device.
The cyclone separation device comprises a primary cyclone separator 2, a secondary cyclone separator 3, a primary material returning device and a secondary material returning device, wherein a primary smoke outlet of the primary cyclone separator 2 is connected with a secondary smoke inlet of the secondary cyclone separator 3;
The primary feed back device comprises a first feed pipe 4 which is vertically arranged, the top end of the first feed pipe 4 is communicated with a first dipleg 5 of the primary cyclone separator 2, the bottom end of the first feed pipe 4 is connected with a first horizontal feed back pipe 6, and the first feed pipe 4 is communicated with the first horizontal feed back pipe 6; the end, close to the fluidized bed gasification furnace 1, of the first horizontal feed back pipe 6 is provided with a sealing head 7, and the end, far away from the fluidized bed gasification furnace 1, of the first horizontal feed back pipe 6 is connected with a second horizontal feed back pipe 74; a first loosening air inlet 8 is formed in the side wall of the first horizontal feed back pipe 6, the first loosening air inlet 8 is arranged opposite to the bottom end of the first feed pipe 4, a first loosening air pipeline 9 is connected to the first loosening air inlet 8, and a first loosening valve 10 is arranged on the first loosening air pipeline 9; a discharge port 11 is arranged on the first horizontal feed back pipe 6 between the first loose gas inlet 8 and the seal head 7, and a butterfly valve 12 is arranged on the first horizontal feed back pipe 6 between the discharge port 11 and the first loose gas inlet 8; the discharge port 11 is connected with an inclined feed back pipe 13 through a pipeline, and the discharge end of the inclined feed back pipe 13 is communicated with a feed back port 14 of the fluidized bed gasification furnace 1;
the secondary feed back device comprises a second feed pipe 15 which is vertically arranged, the top end of the second feed pipe 15 is communicated with a second dipleg 16 of the secondary cyclone separator 3, the bottom end of the second feed pipe 15 is connected with a second horizontal feed back pipe 74, one end, far away from the first horizontal feed back pipe 6, of the second horizontal feed back pipe 74 is connected with a fluidization gas pipeline 18, the second horizontal feed back pipe 74 is communicated with the fluidization gas pipeline 18, and the fluidization gas pipeline 18 is provided with a fluidization valve 19; the side wall of the second horizontal feed back pipe 74 is provided with a second loosening air inlet 20, the second loosening air inlet 20 is opposite to the bottom end of the second feed pipe 15, the second loosening air inlet 20 is connected with a second loosening air pipeline 21, and the second loosening air pipeline 21 is provided with a second loosening valve 22.
As shown in fig. 2-3, the butterfly valve 12 comprises a valve plate 23, a non-circular through hole 23-1 is arranged in the valve plate 23 along the central line direction, a valve rod 24 is inserted in the non-circular through hole 23-1, and the valve rod 24 is matched with the non-circular through hole 23-1; the side wall of the first horizontal feed back pipe 6 is provided with a valve rod groove 6-1, the bottom end of a valve rod 24 penetrates through the non-circular through hole 23-1 and is inserted into the valve rod groove 6-1, and the top end of the valve rod 24 penetrates through the non-circular through hole 23-1 and the side wall of the first horizontal feed back pipe 6 in sequence and is arranged outside the first horizontal feed back pipe 6.
The first horizontal feed back pipe 6 is detachably connected with the seal head 7; the upper end of the inclined feed back pipe 13 is connected with a purge gas pipeline 26, the inclined feed back pipe 13 is communicated with the purge gas pipeline 26, and a purge valve 27 is arranged on the purge gas pipeline 26; a first pressure gauge 28 is arranged at the upper part of the first dipleg 5, and a second pressure gauge 29 is arranged at the lower part of the first dipleg 5; a third pressure gauge 30 is arranged at the upper part of the second dipleg 16, and a fourth pressure gauge 31 is arranged at the lower part of the second dipleg 16; a fifth pressure gauge 17 is arranged at the lower part of the fluidized bed gasification furnace 1, the fifth pressure gauge 17 and the return port 14 are positioned at the same height, and a sixth pressure gauge 25 is arranged at the air outlet of the fluidized bed.
The waste heat utilization device comprises a steam drum 73, a high-temperature high-pressure fire tube boiler 32 and a high-temperature high-pressure flue gas heat exchange device 33; the drum water outlet of the drum 73 is communicated with the water inlet 46 of the high-temperature high-pressure fire tube boiler 32 through the down pipe 34, and the drum water inlet of the drum 73 is communicated with the water outlet 48 of the high-temperature high-pressure fire tube boiler 32 through the up pipe 35; the steam outlet of the steam drum 73 is communicated with the steam inlet pipe 60 of the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas heat exchange device 33 through a steam pipe 75, and the supplementing water inlet of the steam drum 73 is communicated with the water outlet pipe 69 of the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas heat exchange device 33 through a supplementing water pipe 36; the boiler flue gas outlet 40 of the high-temperature high-pressure fire tube boiler 32 is communicated with the heat exchange flue gas inlet 58 of the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas heat exchange device 33 through a gas tube 37.
As shown in fig. 4-6, the high temperature and high pressure fire tube boiler 32 comprises a boiler body 38, a filtered smoke inlet 39 is arranged at the top end of the boiler body 38, a boiler smoke outlet 40 is arranged at the bottom end of the boiler body 38, a flexible tube plate 41 is horizontally arranged at the upper side of the inside of the boiler body 38, and the edge of the flexible tube plate 41 is bent upwards and welded with the inner wall of the boiler body 38; a flat tube plate 42 is horizontally arranged at the lower side of the interior of the furnace body 38, and the flat tube plate 42 is welded with the inner wall of the furnace body 38; the flexible tube plate 41 and the flat tube plate 42 divide the interior of the furnace body 38 into an upper air chamber 43, a heat exchange chamber 44 and a lower air chamber 45 in sequence from top to bottom; the lower part of the side wall of the heat exchange chamber 44 is provided with a water inlet 46 and a sewage outlet 47, and the lower part of the side wall of the heat exchange chamber 44 is provided with a water outlet 48;
a plurality of common fire tubes 49 and a plurality of special fire tubes 50 are arranged between the flexible tube plate 41 and the flat tube plate 42, the plurality of special fire tubes 50 are close to the side wall of the furnace body 38 and distributed along the circumferential direction of the furnace body 38, and the plurality of common fire tubes 49 are positioned between the plurality of special fire tubes 50 and the axis of the furnace body 38; the upper end of each common fire tube 49 passes through the flexible tube plate 41 to be communicated with the upper air chamber 43, and the lower end of each common fire tube 49 passes through the flat tube plate 42 to be communicated with the lower air chamber 45; the upper end of each special fire tube 50 is communicated with the upper air chamber 43 through the flexible tube plate 41, and the lower end of each special fire tube 50 is communicated with the lower air chamber 45 through the flat tube plate 42.
The upper part of the special fire tube 50 is provided with an expansion section 50-1, the lower part of the special fire tube 50 is provided with an expansion joint 50-2, the diameter of the expansion section 50-1 is larger than or equal to that of the expansion joint 50-2, and the diameter of the expansion section 50-1 is larger than that of the common fire tube 49; a second fireproof sheath 51 is inserted into the expanding section 50-1, a second fire-blocking ring 52 is integrally arranged on the outer wall of the second fireproof sheath 51, the second fire-blocking ring 52 is arranged above the flexible tube plate 41, the bottom surface of the second fire-blocking ring 52 is abutted against the top surface of the special fire tube 50, a second fireproof fiber felt 53 is wound on the outer wall of the second fireproof sheath 51 below the second fire-blocking ring 52, and the inner wall of the expanding section 50-1 is attached to the second fireproof fiber felt 53;
the inside first fire prevention sheath 54 that inserts in ordinary firetube 49 top is equipped with on the outer wall of first fire prevention sheath 54 an organic whole is equipped with first fire stop ring 55, and flexible tube sheet 41 top is arranged in to first fire stop ring 55, and the bottom surface of first fire stop ring 55 and the top surface butt of ordinary firetube 49, the winding has first fire-resistant fiber felt 56 on the outer wall of first fire prevention sheath 54 of first fire stop ring 55 below, and the inner wall of ordinary firetube 49 is laminated with first fire-resistant fiber felt 56.
As shown in fig. 7-9, the high temperature and high pressure flue gas heat exchange device 33 comprises a shell 57, wherein a heat exchange flue gas inlet 58 is arranged at the top of the shell 57, a heat exchange flue gas outlet 59 is arranged on the side wall of the lower part of the shell 57, a superheater section and an economizer section are arranged inside the shell 57, and the superheater section is positioned above the economizer section;
The superheater section includes at least one stage of superheating devices 62, and when there are two or more stages of superheating devices 62, all superheating devices 62 are arranged along the height direction of the casing 57, the steam outlet end of the steam outlet pipe 61 of the upper stage of superheating devices 62 is communicated with the steam inlet end of the steam inlet pipe 60 of the lower stage of superheating devices 62; the steam inlet end of the steam inlet pipe 60 of the superheating device 62 positioned at the bottom of the superheater section passes through the side wall of the casing 57 and is positioned outside the casing 57, and the steam outlet end of the steam outlet pipe 61 of the superheating device 62 positioned at the top of the superheater section passes through the side wall of the casing 57 and is positioned outside the casing 57;
the economizer section comprises at least one stage of coal saving devices 63, when two or more stages of coal saving devices 63 exist, all the coal saving devices 63 are arranged along the height direction of the shell 57, and the water outlet end of the water outlet pipe 69 of the upper stage of coal saving device 63 is communicated with the water inlet end of the water inlet pipe 68 of the lower stage of coal saving device 63; the water inlet end of the water inlet pipe 68 of the coal saving device 63 at the bottom of the economizer section is disposed outside the housing 57 through the side wall of the housing 57, and the water outlet end of the water outlet pipe 69 of the coal saving device 63 at the top of the economizer section is disposed outside the housing 57 through the side wall of the housing 57.
The superheating device 62 comprises a steam inlet pipe 60 and a steam outlet pipe 61, the steam inlet pipe 60 is positioned below the steam outlet pipe 61, a plurality of first tube bundle groups 64 which are parallel to each other are arranged between the steam inlet pipe 60 and the steam outlet pipe 61, the steam inlet ends of the first tube bundle groups 64 are communicated with the steam inlet pipe 60, and the steam outlet ends of the first tube bundle groups 64 are communicated with the steam outlet pipe 61; the gap between two adjacent first tube bundle groups 64 is h1, each first tube bundle group 64 comprises at least two first tube bundles 65 which are arranged in parallel, the gap between two adjacent first tube bundles 65 in each first tube bundle group 64 is h2, h1 is greater than or equal to h2, and each first tube bundle 65 comprises a plurality of serpentine steam tubes 66 with axes in the same plane; a first baffle pipe 67 is horizontally arranged between the tops of two adjacent first tube bundle groups 64, the first baffle pipe 67 is parallel to the first tube bundle groups 64, and the length of the first baffle pipe 67 is equal to the width of the first tube bundle 65.
The coal saving device 63 comprises a water inlet pipe 68 and a water outlet pipe 69, wherein the water inlet pipe 68 is positioned below the water outlet pipe 69, a plurality of second tube bundle groups 70 which are parallel to each other are arranged between the water inlet pipe 68 and the water outlet pipe 69, the water inlet end of each second tube bundle group 70 is communicated with the water inlet pipe 68, and the water outlet end of each second tube bundle group 70 is communicated with the water outlet pipe 69; the gap between two adjacent second tube bundle groups 70 is h3, each second tube bundle group 70 comprises at least two second tube bundles 71 which are arranged in parallel, the gap between two adjacent second tube bundles 71 in each second tube bundle group 70 is h4, h3 is greater than or equal to h4, and each second tube bundle 71 comprises a plurality of serpentine water tubes 72 with axes in the same plane; a second air blocking pipe 77 is horizontally arranged between two adjacent second tube bundle groups 70, the second air blocking pipe 77 is parallel to the second tube bundle groups 70, and the length of the second air blocking pipe 77 is equal to the width of the second tube bundle 71.
Working principle:
the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas discharged by the fluidized bed gasification furnace 1 is filtered by a secondary cyclone return device, and the control method of the secondary cyclone return device of the fluidized bed gasification furnace comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of (1) baking a furnace, (2) starting feeding the fluidized bed gasification furnace to form a solid material seal, and (3) cyclone return material; wherein,
(1) And (3) baking: opening a butterfly valve 12, closing a fluidization valve 19, a first loosening valve 10, a second loosening valve 22 and a purge valve 27, starting the fluidized bed gasifier 1 to heat, leading out a part of high-temperature gas in the fluidized bed gasifier 1 from a return port 14 of the fluidized bed gasifier 1, sequentially entering an inclined feed back pipe 13, a first horizontal feed back pipe 6, a first feed pipe 4, a first feed leg 5, the inside of a main body of the primary cyclone 2, a second horizontal feed back pipe 74, a second feed pipe 15, a second feed leg 16 and the inside of a main body of the secondary cyclone 3, discharging the other part of the high-temperature gas from a fluidized bed gas outlet at the top of the fluidized bed gasifier 1 into the inside of the main body of the primary cyclone 2 and the inside of the main body of the secondary cyclone 3, and finally leading out the high-temperature gas from a secondary flue gas outlet of the secondary cyclone 3 into a post-system to finish the baking furnace; the synchronous heating of the primary cyclone separator 2, the secondary cyclone separator 3 and the fluidized bed gasification furnace 1 is realized, and the coating falling caused by the severe heating of the interiors of the first dipleg 5 and the second dipleg 16 after the feeding operation of the fluidized bed gasification furnace 1 is avoided.
(2) The fluidized bed gasification furnace starts feeding to form a solid material seal: after the baking is finished, the butterfly valve 12 is closed, the fluidized bed gasifier 1 starts feeding operation, high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas is discharged from the gas outlet of the fluidized bed and enters the main body of the primary cyclone separator 2, the primary cyclone separator 2 captures materials, and the captured materials are gathered in the first material leg 5, the first material inlet pipe 4 and the first horizontal material return pipe 6; the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas which is preliminarily separated from the materials is led out from a primary flue gas outlet of the primary cyclone separator 2 and enters the secondary cyclone separator 3, the secondary cyclone separator 3 further captures the materials, and the captured materials are gathered in the second dipleg 16, the second feed pipe 15 and the second horizontal feed back pipe 74; in the running process of the system, each pressure gauge detects the pressure value of the corresponding part in real time, wherein the measured value of the first pressure gauge 28 is P1, the measured value of the second pressure gauge 29 is P2, the measured value of the third pressure gauge 30 is P3, the measured value of the fourth pressure gauge 31 is P4, the measured value of the fifth pressure gauge 17 is P5, the measured value of the sixth pressure gauge 25 is P6, when (P5-P1) > (P5-P6), the butterfly valve 12 is opened, the materials are in a stagnation state, a solid material seal is formed, the working pressure of the butterfly valve 12 is reduced, the abrasion speed of the butterfly valve 12 is reduced, and the service life of the butterfly valve 12 is prolonged; meanwhile, the gas in the fluidized bed gasification furnace 1 is prevented from reversely entering the primary cyclone separator 2 and the secondary cyclone separator 3 through the first horizontal feed back pipe 6 and the second horizontal feed back pipe 74, and the primary cyclone separator 2 and the secondary cyclone separator 3 can work normally.
(3) And (3) material returning:
and (one) fluidization return material: after (P5-P1) - (P5-P6) > a and (P5-P3) - (P5-P6) > a, opening the first loosening valve 10 and the second loosening valve 22 to loosen the materials accumulated in the first dipleg 5 and the second dipleg 16, closing the first loosening valve 10 and the second loosening valve 22, opening the fluidization valve 19, blowing the materials to the discharge hole 11 by fluidization air, entering the inclined feed-back pipe 13 through the discharge hole 11, and finally returning to the fluidized bed gasifier 1; wherein, the value of a is 10kPa-30kPa, the higher the bed height is, the larger the value of a is, and the maximum value of a is 30kPa, in this embodiment, the value of a is 30kPa.
(II) accumulation of dipleg materials: as the feeding back process proceeds, the differential pressure (P2-P1) of the first dipleg 5 and the differential pressure (P4-P3) of the second dipleg 16 fluctuate within 0 to 30KPa, respectively, when (P5-P1) = (P5-P6) or (P5-P3) = (P5-P6), the fluidization valve 19 is closed, the materials in the first dipleg 5 and the second dipleg 16 continue to accumulate, and when (P5-P1) - (P5-P6) > a and (P5-P3) - (P5-P6) > a, the operation of step (one) is repeated, so that the feeding back is completed cyclically.
During the material returning, when the pressure difference (P2-P1) of the first material leg 5 and the pressure difference (P4-P3) of the second material leg 16 do not fluctuate and are increased all the time, the fluidization valve 19 is regulated and the purge valve 27 is opened, and the conveying pressure is increased to ensure the material returning to be normal.
After the fluidization valve 19 is regulated and the purge valve 27 is opened, if the pressure difference (P2-P1) of the first dipleg 5 still does not fluctuate and is increased all the time, the fluidization valve 19 is closed, the first loosening valve 10 is opened, and the materials in the first dipleg 5 are loosened;
after the fluidization valve 19 is turned up and the purge valve 27 is opened, if the pressure difference (P4-P3) of the second dipleg 16 is still not fluctuated and is increased, the fluidization valve 19 is closed, the second loosening valve 22 is opened, and the material in the second dipleg 16 is loosened.
The butterfly valve 12 only comprises a valve plate 23 and a valve rod 24, the structure is simple, and a detachable sealing head 7 is arranged at one end of the first horizontal feed back pipe 6 close to the butterfly valve 12, so that the valve plate 23 can be conveniently taken out; after the valve plate 23 is worn for a long time, the valve rod 24 is pulled out of the non-circular through hole 23-1, the sealing head 7 is opened, the damaged valve plate 23 is taken out and replaced, and the sealing head 7 is fixed, so that the replacement of the valve plate 23 is completed.
The filtered high-temperature high-pressure flue gas is discharged from a secondary flue gas outlet of the secondary cyclone separator 3, enters a waste heat utilization device for cooling, firstly enters an upper air chamber 43 of the high-temperature high-pressure fire tube boiler 32, the edge of the flexible tube plate 41 is bent upwards, the radial thermal stress of the flexible tube plate 41 is well buffered, the pressure on the air inlet ends of the common fire tube 49 and the special fire tube 50 is reduced, the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas flowing resistance caused by the deformation of the air inlet ends of the common fire tube 49 and the special fire tube 50 is avoided, and meanwhile, the deformation and damage of the flexible tube plate 41 are avoided after the thermal stress is buffered;
The high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas enters the common fire tube 49 and the special fire tube 50 from the upper air chamber 43, the first fireproof sheath 54 is inserted at the upper part of the common fire tube 49, the first fireproof fiber felt 56 is wound on the outer wall of the first fireproof sheath 54, and the inner wall of the common fire tube 49 is attached to the first fireproof fiber felt 56, so that the tightness is ensured. A second fireproof sheath 51 is inserted into the diameter-expanding section 50-1 of the special fire tube 50, a second fireproof fiber felt 53 is wound on the outer wall of the second fireproof sheath 51, and the inner wall of the special fire tube 50 is attached to the second fireproof fiber felt 53, so that the tightness is ensured. The thermal stress at the edge of the flexible tube plate 41 is larger, and the expansion joint 50-2 is arranged at the lower part of the special fire tube 50, so that the axial deformation of the special fire tube 50 can be buffered, and the pressure on the flat tube plate 42 after the axial deformation of the special fire tube 50 is prevented, thereby avoiding the unrecoverable deformation, even damage or cracking of the welded part with the side wall of the boiler of the flat tube plate 42; the upper part of the special fire tube 50 is an expanded diameter section 50-1, which can buffer radial deformation of the flexible tube plate 41 near the edge.
The high-temperature water in the steam drum 73 enters the heat exchange chamber 44 through the down tube 34, the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas exchanges heat with the high-temperature water in the heat exchange chamber 44 in the common fire tube 49 and the special fire tube 50, the high-temperature water absorbs heat and heats up and vaporizes, the steam and the warmed-up high-temperature water are discharged from the water outlet 48, and the steam and the warmed-up high-temperature water return to the steam drum 73 through the up tube 35; saturated steam in the steam drum 73 enters the superheater section of the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas heat exchange device 33 through the steam pipe 75, the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas is cooled and enters the lower air chamber 45, and finally is discharged from the boiler flue gas outlet 40 and enters the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas heat exchange device 33 through the gas pipe 37.
After the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas enters the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas heat exchange device 33, the flue gas passes through the superheater section firstly, a first air baffle pipe 67 is horizontally arranged between the tops of two adjacent first tube bundle groups 64 in the superheater section, and the first air baffle pipe 67 enables gaps at the tops of the superheater section to be uniformly distributed, so that uneven heat exchange caused by direct passing of the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas from the gaps between the two adjacent first tube bundle groups 64 is avoided; after entering the superheater section, the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas exchanges heat with saturated steam in the serpentine steam pipe 66, the saturated steam absorbs heat and becomes superheated steam, and meanwhile, the temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas is reduced; because the gap h1 between the two adjacent first tube bundle groups 64 is 20mm and is larger than the gap h2 between every two adjacent first tube bundles 65 in the first tube bundle groups 64, the pulverized coal in the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas moves towards the gap between the two adjacent first tube bundle groups 64, and the accumulated amount of the pulverized coal in the central area of the superheater section is reduced;
the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas enters the economizer section after exiting the superheater section, a second gas baffle pipe 77 is horizontally arranged between the tops of two adjacent second tube bundle groups 70 in the economizer section, and the second gas baffle pipe 77 enables gaps at the tops of the economizer section to be uniformly distributed, so that uneven heat exchange caused by direct passing of the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas from the gaps between the two adjacent second tube bundle groups 70 is avoided; after entering the economizer section, the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas exchanges heat with the boiler water in the serpentine water pipe 72, the temperature of the boiler water rises after absorbing heat, the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas enters the steam drum 73 through the supplementing water pipe 36, and meanwhile, the temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas is further reduced; because the gap h3 between two adjacent second tube bundle groups 70 is 20mm and is larger than the gap h4 between every two adjacent second tube bundles 71 in the second tube bundle groups 70, the pulverized coal in the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas moves towards the gap between the two adjacent second tube bundle groups 70, and the accumulated amount of the pulverized coal in the central area of the economizer section is reduced; after the accumulation amount of coal dust in the central areas of the superheater section and the economizer section is reduced, the dust cleaning pressure on the heat exchange device is reduced, high-pressure water is not required to be used for flushing after the accumulation amount of coal dust is reduced, oxygen is prevented from entering the shell 57 to burn sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, and the first tube bundle 65 and the second tube bundle 71 are prevented from being damaged by burning; the gaps between two adjacent first tube bundle groups 64 and two adjacent second tube bundle groups 70 are larger, so that the working space is enlarged, the leak points are relatively easy to find and repair, the maintenance time is short, and the consumption cost is low.
After exiting the economizer section, the high temperature and high pressure flue gas exits the heat exchange flue gas outlet 59 and enters the rear system.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The secondary cyclone return material of the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas and the waste heat utilization system are characterized by comprising a fluidized bed gasifier, a cyclone separation device and a waste heat utilization device, wherein a fluidized bed air outlet of the fluidized bed gasifier is connected with a primary flue gas inlet of a primary cyclone separator of the cyclone separation device, an inclined return pipe of the cyclone separation device is communicated with a return port of the fluidized bed gasifier, and a secondary flue gas outlet of the secondary cyclone separator of the cyclone separation device is connected with a filtered flue gas inlet of a high-temperature high-pressure fire tube boiler of the waste heat utilization device;
the cyclone separation device comprises the primary cyclone separator, the secondary cyclone separator, a primary return device and a secondary return device, wherein a primary smoke outlet of the primary cyclone separator is connected with a secondary smoke inlet of the secondary cyclone separator;
The first-stage feeding device comprises a first feeding pipe which is vertically arranged, the top end of the first feeding pipe is communicated with a first dipleg of the first-stage cyclone separator, the bottom end of the first feeding pipe is connected with a first horizontal feeding pipe, and the first feeding pipe is communicated with the first horizontal feeding pipe; an end socket is arranged at one end of the first horizontal feed back pipe, which is close to the fluidized bed gasifier, and a second horizontal feed back pipe is connected with one end of the first horizontal feed back pipe, which is far away from the fluidized bed gasifier; a first loosening air inlet is formed in the side wall of the first horizontal feed back pipe, the first loosening air inlet is arranged opposite to the bottom end of the first feed pipe, a first loosening air pipeline is connected to the first loosening air inlet, and a first loosening valve is arranged on the first loosening air pipeline; a discharge port is arranged on the first horizontal feed back pipe between the first loosening gas inlet and the sealing head, and a butterfly valve is arranged on the first horizontal feed back pipe between the discharge port and the first loosening gas inlet; the discharge port is connected with the inclined feed back pipe through a pipeline, and the discharge end of the inclined feed back pipe is communicated with the feed back port of the fluidized bed gasifier;
The second-stage feeding device comprises a second feeding pipe which is vertically arranged, the top end of the second feeding pipe is communicated with a second dipleg of the second-stage cyclone separator, the bottom end of the second feeding pipe is connected with a second horizontal feeding pipe, one end, far away from the first horizontal feeding pipe, of the second horizontal feeding pipe is connected with a fluidization gas pipeline, the second horizontal feeding pipe is communicated with the fluidization gas pipeline, and a fluidization valve is arranged on the fluidization gas pipeline; the side wall of the second horizontal feed back pipe is provided with a second loosening air inlet, the second loosening air inlet is opposite to the bottom end of the second feed pipe, a second loosening air pipeline is connected to the second loosening air inlet, and a second loosening valve is arranged on the second loosening air pipeline.
2. The secondary cyclone return material and waste heat utilization system of high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas according to claim 1, wherein the butterfly valve comprises a valve plate, a non-circular through hole is formed in the valve plate along the center line direction, a valve rod is inserted into the non-circular through hole, and the valve rod is matched with the non-circular through hole; the side wall of the first horizontal feed back pipe is provided with a valve rod groove, the bottom end of the valve rod penetrates through the non-circular through hole and is inserted into the valve rod groove, the top end of the valve rod sequentially penetrates through the non-circular through hole and the side wall of the first horizontal feed back pipe, and the valve rod is arranged outside the first horizontal feed back pipe.
3. The secondary cyclone feed back and waste heat utilization system of high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first horizontal feed back pipe is detachably connected with the seal head; the upper end of the inclined feed back pipe is connected with a purging air pipeline, the inclined feed back pipe is communicated with the purging air pipeline, and a purging valve is arranged on the purging air pipeline; a first pressure gauge is arranged at the upper part of the first dipleg, and a second pressure gauge is arranged at the lower part of the first dipleg; a third pressure gauge is arranged at the upper part of the second dipleg, and a fourth pressure gauge is arranged at the lower part of the second dipleg; a fifth pressure gauge is arranged at the lower part of the fluidized bed gasifier, the fifth pressure gauge and the material returning opening are positioned at the same height, and a sixth pressure gauge is arranged at the air outlet of the fluidized bed.
4. The secondary cyclone return material and waste heat utilization system of high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas according to claim 1, wherein the waste heat utilization device comprises a steam drum, the high-temperature and high-pressure fire tube boiler and a high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas heat exchange device; the water outlet of the steam drum is communicated with the water inlet of the high-temperature high-pressure fire tube boiler through a down pipe, and the water inlet of the steam drum is communicated with the water outlet of the high-temperature high-pressure fire tube boiler through a riser pipe; the steam outlet of the steam drum is communicated with the steam inlet pipe of the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas heat exchange device through a steam pipe, and the supplementing water inlet of the steam drum is communicated with the water outlet pipe of the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas heat exchange device through a supplementing water pipe; the boiler flue gas outlet of the high-temperature high-pressure fire tube boiler is communicated with the heat exchange flue gas inlet of the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas heat exchange device through a gas pipe.
5. The secondary cyclone return material and waste heat utilization system for high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas according to claim 4, wherein the high-temperature and high-pressure fire tube boiler comprises a boiler body, the top end of the boiler body is provided with the filtered flue gas inlet, the bottom end of the boiler body is provided with the boiler flue gas outlet, the upper side of the inside of the boiler body is horizontally provided with a flexible tube plate, and the edge of the flexible tube plate is upwards bent and welded with the inner wall of the boiler body; a flat tube plate is horizontally arranged at the lower side of the inside of the furnace body, and the flat tube plate is welded with the inner wall of the furnace body; the flexible tube plate and the flat tube plate divide the interior of the furnace body into an upper air chamber, a heat exchange chamber and a lower air chamber from top to bottom in sequence; the lower part of the side wall of the heat exchange chamber is provided with the water inlet and the sewage outlet, and the side wall of the furnace body at the upper part of the heat exchange chamber is provided with the water outlet;
a plurality of common fire tubes and a plurality of special fire tubes are arranged between the flexible tube plate and the flat tube plate, the special fire tubes are close to the side wall of the furnace body and distributed along the circumferential direction of the furnace body, and the common fire tubes are positioned between the special fire tubes and the axis of the furnace body; the upper end of each common fire tube passes through the flexible tube plate to be communicated with the upper air chamber, and the lower end of each common fire tube passes through the flat tube plate to be communicated with the lower air chamber; the upper end of each special fire tube penetrates through the flexible tube plate to be communicated with the upper air chamber, and the lower end of each special fire tube penetrates through the flat tube plate to be communicated with the lower air chamber.
6. The secondary cyclone return material and waste heat utilization system for high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas according to claim 5, wherein the upper part of the special fire tube is an expanded diameter section, the lower part of the special fire tube is provided with an expansion joint, the diameter of the expanded diameter section is larger than or equal to the diameter of the expansion joint, and the diameter of the expanded diameter section is larger than the diameter of the common fire tube; a second fireproof sheath is inserted into the diameter expansion section, a second fire retaining ring is integrally arranged on the outer wall of the second fireproof sheath, the second fire retaining ring is arranged above the flexible tube plate, the bottom surface of the second fire retaining ring is abutted against the top surface of the special fire tube, a second fireproof fiber felt is wound on the outer wall of the second fireproof sheath below the second fire retaining ring, and the inner wall of the diameter expansion section is attached to the second fireproof fiber felt;
the fire-resistant pipe is characterized in that a first fireproof sheath is inserted into the top end of the common fire tube, a first fire-resistant ring is integrally arranged on the outer wall of the first fireproof sheath, the first fire-resistant ring is arranged above the flexible tube plate, the bottom surface of the first fire-resistant ring is in butt joint with the top surface of the common fire tube, a first fireproof fiber felt is wound on the outer wall of the first fireproof sheath below the first fire-resistant ring, and the inner wall of the common fire tube is attached to the first fireproof fiber felt.
7. The secondary cyclone return material and waste heat utilization system of high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas according to claim 4, wherein the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas heat exchange device comprises a shell, the top of the shell is provided with the heat exchange flue gas inlet, the lower side wall of the shell is provided with a heat exchange flue gas outlet, the interior of the shell is provided with a superheater section and an economizer section, and the superheater section is positioned above the economizer section;
the superheater section comprises at least one stage of superheating device, when two or more stages of superheating devices exist, all the superheating devices are arranged along the height direction of the shell, and the steam outlet end of the steam outlet pipe of the upper stage of superheating device is communicated with the steam inlet end of the steam inlet pipe of the lower stage of superheating device; the steam inlet end of the steam inlet pipe of the superheating device positioned at the bottom of the superheater section passes through the side wall of the shell and is arranged outside the shell, and the steam outlet end of the steam outlet pipe of the superheating device positioned at the top of the superheater section passes through the side wall of the shell and is arranged outside the shell;
the coal economizer section comprises at least one stage of coal economizer, when two or more stages of coal economizers exist, all the coal economizers are arranged along the height direction of the shell, and the water outlet end of the water outlet pipe of the upper stage of coal economizer is communicated with the water inlet end of the water inlet pipe of the lower stage of coal economizer; the water inlet end of the water inlet pipe of the coal saving device positioned at the bottom of the coal saving device section penetrates through the side wall of the shell to be arranged outside the shell, and the water outlet end of the water outlet pipe of the coal saving device positioned at the top of the coal saving device section penetrates through the side wall of the shell to be arranged outside the shell.
8. The secondary cyclone return material and waste heat utilization system of high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas according to claim 7, wherein the superheating device comprises the steam inlet pipe and the steam outlet pipe, the steam inlet pipe is positioned below the steam outlet pipe, a plurality of first pipe bundle groups which are parallel to each other are arranged between the steam inlet pipe and the steam outlet pipe, the steam inlet end of the first pipe bundle group is communicated with the steam inlet pipe, and the steam outlet end of the first pipe bundle group is communicated with the steam outlet pipe; the gap between two adjacent first tube bundle groups is h1, each first tube bundle group comprises at least two first tube bundles which are arranged in parallel, the gap between two adjacent first tube bundles in each first tube bundle group is h2, h1 is more than or equal to h2, and each first tube bundle comprises a plurality of snakelike steam tubes with axes in the same plane; a first air blocking pipe is horizontally arranged between the tops of two adjacent first pipe bundle groups, the first air blocking pipe is parallel to the first pipe bundle groups, and the length of the first air blocking pipe is equal to the width of the first pipe bundle.
9. The secondary cyclone feed back and waste heat utilization system of high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the coal saving device comprises the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe, the water inlet pipe is positioned below the water outlet pipe, a plurality of second parallel tube bundle groups are arranged between the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe, the water inlet end of each second tube bundle group is communicated with the water inlet pipe, and the water outlet end of each second tube bundle group is communicated with the water outlet pipe; the gap between two adjacent second tube bundle groups is h3, each second tube bundle group comprises at least two second tube bundles which are arranged in parallel, the gap between two adjacent second tube bundles in each second tube bundle group is h4, h3 is more than or equal to h4, and each second tube bundle comprises a plurality of serpentine water pipes with axes in the same plane; a second air blocking pipe is horizontally arranged between two adjacent second pipe bundle groups, the second air blocking pipe is parallel to the second pipe bundle groups, and the length of the second air blocking pipe is equal to the width of the second pipe bundle.
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| CN201810380434.7A CN110041967B (en) | 2018-04-25 | 2018-04-25 | Secondary cyclone return material and waste heat utilization system for high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas |
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| CN110041967A (en) | 2019-07-23 |
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