CN110038512A - 一种凹凸棒石吸附剂及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种凹凸棒石吸附剂,由如下方法制备而成:取凹凸棒石粉末加入到造粒机中,加水造粒,得到直径为2‑4mm凹凸棒石球粒,干燥后,将凹凸棒石球粒置于马弗炉中,100‑600℃热处理3‑6h,然后冷却至室温,即凹凸棒石吸附剂。该凹凸棒石吸附剂可用于处理含氟废水,方法简单,往含氟废水中投加凹凸棒石吸附剂,混合均匀后用氢氧化钠调pH大于6,沉降15‑20min后砂滤即可。本发明的凹凸棒石吸附剂制备简单,热处理温度不高,热处理改性能显著提升凹凸棒石的性能,尤其是在中性与碱性水条件下。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种凹凸棒石吸附剂,属于环境修复技术领域。
背景技术
当前氟污染地下水已经成为一项世界性的环境问题,地方性氟中毒亦成为一种世界范围的严重危害人类健康的地方病。全世界有超过30个国家和地区,超过2亿人口正面临着饮水性氟中毒的威胁,这些国家和地区大多数集中在发展中国家。中国是氟污染危害最严重的国家之一,有超过28个省市、自治区存在饮用水氟超标现象。我国受饮用高氟水危害较为严重的地区是河南、河北、安徽和内蒙古,饮用人口分别为127万、749万、436万和365万,饮用高氟水的人口在绝对数量和比例上都位于全国首位。而在江苏省徐州市部分地区的地下水氟含量可达13mg/L,远远超过安全的饮用水标准,因此,探究除氟技术和原理、寻找到最合适的除氟材料至关重要。
现有的人工除氟方法主要包括吸附法、混凝沉淀法、电化学方法、膜分离法等。混凝沉淀法在处理含氟废水时由于会引入其他离子而大大限制其应用;电化学方法不仅消耗大量的电能,而且会除去水中的一些矿质元素,因而限制其应用;离子交换法是使用离子交换树脂除氟的一种方法,其操作简便,除氟效果稳定,但同时也除去了水中矿质元素引入了胺类而受到限制;膜分离法是一种清洁的除氟方法,昂贵的膜成本费用是限制其普遍推广的重要因素。其中吸附法以其工艺简单,运营成本低,应用条件广等优势最受青睐。质附着聚集的相称为吸附剂。吸附是在两相接触时,其中一个相中的一种或多种组分在另一个相的表面发生相对聚集的现象,多发生于固液或固气两相界面。被吸附的组分称为吸附质,吸附吸附法是通过投加多孔固体,当其与流体接触时,流体中的某一组份或多个组分在固体表面产生积蓄,从而分离流体中某种组分的一种方法。吸附分离广泛应用于化工、石油、食品、轻工和环境保护等部门。
通过吸附法除氟是当前一个研究热点。其最主要的工作即是寻找一种高效、廉价又易得的吸附剂。在工业中或饮用水常用活性氧化铝除氟。活性氧化铝除氟剂为白色球粒,除氟容量大,经该除氟剂净化后的水,能达到国家规定的饮水卫生标准,除氟效果显著。但活性氧化铝的合成成本较高,在制作工艺上容易产生污染。凹凸棒石是一种天然存在的粘土矿物,不仅成本相对低廉,而且其具有独特的微孔和微通道构造,使得其拥有优良的吸附性、大的比表面积和较强的离子交换能力。目前,凹凸棒石在石油、化工、建材、农业、医药、造纸等行业均有广泛的应用。随着工业的发展,水污染已经非常严重,氟离子对水质的污染很严重,对人体健康造成了极大的威胁,通常用的凹凸棒土吸附剂对氟离子的吸附作用有限,需要对其进行改性,以进一步提高对氟离子的吸附性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服上述现有技术的缺陷,提供一种凹凸棒石吸附剂。
本发明的技术方案是:
一种凹凸棒石吸附剂,由如下方法制备而成:取凹凸棒石粉末加入到造粒机中,加水造粒,得到凹凸棒石球粒,干燥后,将凹凸棒石球粒置于马弗炉中,100-600℃热处理3-6h,然后冷却至室温,即凹凸棒石吸附剂。
进一步,所述凹凸棒石球粒的直径为2-4mm。
进一步,所述热处理温度为200-400℃。
上述凹凸棒石吸附剂用于处理含氟废水的应用,应用方法为:往含氟废水中投加凹凸棒石吸附剂,混合均匀后用氢氧化钠调pH大于6,沉降15-20min后砂滤。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明的凹凸棒石吸附剂碱性条件下除氟率高:因为在碱性条件下,凹凸棒石除氟较依赖隧道位点的吸附,低温热处理使凹凸棒石紧密交织的结构变蓬松,从而更多的隧道位点暴露出来,隧道内原有的水也因为热处理脱出,这都导致碱性条件下低温热处理凹凸棒石对氟吸附率提升。而酸性条件下,凹凸棒石除氟的机制主要是在表面形成Al-F,Si-F,Mg-F吸附位点,故吸附量主要受比表面影响,低温热处理脱出水结合位点,同时使交织结构变得松散,同时,酸性条件下凹凸棒石中的碱性黏土矿物更易溶出形成黏土胶体,显著增大其比表面积。
2、本发明的凹凸棒石吸附剂制备简单,热处理温度不高,热处理改性能显著提升凹凸棒石的性能,尤其是在中性与碱性水条件下。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的200℃热处理凹凸棒石吸附剂在pH6-11的含氟废水中的除氟率;
图2为实施例2的400℃热处理凹凸棒石吸附剂在pH6-11的含氟废水中的除氟率;
图3为实施例3的600℃热处理凹凸棒石吸附剂在pH6-11的含氟废水中的除氟率。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种凹凸棒石吸附剂,由如下方法制备而成:取凹凸棒石粉末加入到造粒机中,加水造粒,得到直径为3mm的凹凸棒石球粒,干燥后,将凹凸棒石球粒置于马弗炉中,200℃热处理3h,然后冷却至室温,即凹凸棒石吸附剂。
实施例2
一种凹凸棒石吸附剂,由如下方法制备而成:取凹凸棒石粉末加入到造粒机中,加水造粒,得到直径为3mm的凹凸棒石球粒,干燥后,将凹凸棒石球粒置于马弗炉中,400℃热处理3h,然后冷却至室温,即凹凸棒石吸附剂。
实施例3
一种凹凸棒石吸附剂,由如下方法制备而成:取凹凸棒石粉末加入到造粒机中,加水造粒,得到直径为3mm的凹凸棒石球粒,干燥后,将凹凸棒石球粒置于马弗炉中,600℃热处理3h,然后冷却至室温,即凹凸棒石吸附剂。
应用测试:
测试方法:往含氟废水中分别投加实施例1-3的凹凸棒石吸附剂,混合均匀后用氢氧化钠和硝酸调pH(分别调pH6、7、8、9、10、11),沉降20min后砂滤,剩余溶液中(即平衡时)的氟离子浓度通过氟离子选择电极法测定,其工作原理为能斯特方程,通过初始离子浓度和平衡时离子浓度算出除氟率,测试并计算实施例1-3的凹凸棒石吸附剂在不同pH条件下的除氟率。
结果见图1、2和3,图1为实施例1的凹凸棒石吸附剂在pH6-11的含氟废水中的除氟率;图2为实施例2的凹凸棒石吸附剂在pH6-11的含氟废水中的除氟率;图3为实施例3的凹凸棒石吸附剂在pH6-11的含氟废水中的除氟率,可以看出,本发明的凹凸棒石吸附剂在用于处理pH6-11的含氟废水时,具有较好的除氟效果。
Claims (4)
1.一种凹凸棒石吸附剂,其特征在于,由如下方法制备而成:取凹凸棒石粉末加入到造粒机中,加水造粒,得到凹凸棒石球粒,干燥后,将凹凸棒石球粒置于马弗炉中,100-600℃热处理3-6h,然后冷却至室温,即凹凸棒石吸附剂。
2.如权利要求1所述凹凸棒石吸附剂,其特征在于,所述凹凸棒石球粒的直径为2-4mm。
3.如权利要求1或2所述凹凸棒石吸附剂,其特征在于,所述热处理温度为200-400℃。
4.权利要求1或2或3所述凹凸棒石吸附剂用于处理含氟废水的应用,其特征在于,应用方法为:往含氟废水中投加凹凸棒石吸附剂,混合均匀后用氢氧化钠调pH大于6,沉降15-20min后砂滤。
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CN112473617A (zh) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-03-12 | 安徽绿萝兰环保科技有限公司 | 一种包装用凹凸棒石干燥剂的制作方法 |
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