CN110029295A - A kind of 6061 aluminum alloy heat mechanical treatment reinforcement process - Google Patents
A kind of 6061 aluminum alloy heat mechanical treatment reinforcement process Download PDFInfo
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- CN110029295A CN110029295A CN201910314930.7A CN201910314930A CN110029295A CN 110029295 A CN110029295 A CN 110029295A CN 201910314930 A CN201910314930 A CN 201910314930A CN 110029295 A CN110029295 A CN 110029295A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention belongs to alloy casting technology fields, more particularly to a kind of 6061 aluminum alloy heat mechanical treatment reinforcement process, including Homogenization Treatments, it is hot-pressed to the forging stock progress after Homogenization Treatments, it is transferred in glowing furnace under keeping warm mode, carries out air-cooled uniform hardening, quenched billet is subjected to 330 DEG C × 2h ageing treatment, the quenching of room temperature cold water, carries out 160 DEG C × 6h ageing treatment again, after the completion it is air-cooled to obtain the final product.The present invention is had the advantage that in the present invention compared with prior art by carrying out Homogenization Treatments to slab under the conditions of thermophilic, and segregation layer present in ingot casting can be made to be uniformly distributed in Homogenization Treatments；By the way that hot-pressed condition is rationally arranged, guarantee alloy mass；Then air-cooled uniform hardening is carried out in air cooled box, can be to billet entirety uniform decrease in temperature, avoiding the occurrence of partial cooling deforms billet because of temperature difference；Ageing treatment is carried out under multiple conditions, and enabling aluminum alloy to toughness is enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to alloy casting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of 6061 aluminum alloy heat mechanical treatment reinforcement process.
Background technique
Aluminium profile product density is lower, but aluminum profile strength is relatively high, even more than steel construction, but aluminum profile is plastic
Property it is very strong, have stronger corrosion resistance, lighter weight, China's industrial foundation pace of construction accelerate and construction industry quick hair
Exhibition, it is mainly 6061,6063-T5 and 6005-T5 that aluminum profile industry develops faster aluminum profile at present, wherein 6061 have one
Fixed tensile strength and bearing capacity has corrosion resistance, is suitable for industrial structure frame and industrial class, building trade, electronics electricity
Tubing, bar, plate of the industrial structures such as device etc. are usually mentioned by Composition Control or heat treatment technology improvement in the prior art
The mechanical property of high aluminum profile can obtain the higher product of comprehensive performance, such as existing text by continuing to optimize to treatment process
It is closed in part " influence of the heat treatment to 6061 aluminum alloy organizations and performance " (work such as Zhang Defen) by solution treatment and ageing treatment
Reason combines, and while so that 6061 aluminum alloy hardness is kept higher level, improves the shock resistance of alloy, but due to production requirement
Continuous improvement, therefore, it is necessary to be advanced optimized to its heat treatment process, further to improve the toughness of aluminium alloy；In addition, existing
Having air cooling equipment is usually to be cooled down using fan to casting, but be easy to cause casting each section cold temperature inconsistent,
It is easy to appear deformation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is provide one kind aiming at the problem that existing 6061 aluminium alloy toughness needs to be further increased
6061 aluminum alloy heat mechanical treatment reinforcement process.
The mass fraction of each element is as shown in table 1 in 6061 aluminium alloy:
Table 1
The content for further limiting copper, chromium, silicon on the basis of existing technology, in copper, chromium content is relatively low, silicone content is opposite
In higher situation, by adjusting thermo-mechanical processi condition, 6061 aluminium alloys can be further increased in prior art basis
Toughness.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a kind of 6061 aluminum alloy heat mechanical treatment reinforcement process, including
Following steps:
(1) by 6061 aluminium alloy slabs Homogenization Treatments 120-180 minutes at 560-600 DEG C, after obtaining Homogenization Treatments
Forging stock；
(2) hot-pressed to the forging stock progress after Homogenization Treatments, squeezing temperature is 480 DEG C, and hot extrusion speed is 60m/s,
Lubricant is molybdenum disulfide, obtains billet after the completion；
(3) billet obtained by step (2) is transferred in glowing furnace under keeping warm mode, in the gaseous mixture that pressure is 0.2-0.3MPa
Air-cooled uniform hardening is carried out in body atmosphere, is stopped quenching after billet temperature is lower than 360 DEG C, is obtained quenched billet；
(4) quenched billet is subjected to 330 DEG C × 2h ageing treatment, then the quenching of room temperature cold water carries out 160 DEG C × 6h again
Ageing treatment, after the completion it is air-cooled to obtain the final product.
As further improvement of these options, 6061 aluminium alloy slabs carry out the pre-heat treatment, institute in the step (1)
It states the pre-heat treatment and refers to heat preservation 60-100 minutes under conditions of temperature is 200 DEG C, in advance the pre-heat treatment, can guarantee that aluminium alloy is cast
The effect of base Homogenization Treatments.
As further improvement of these options, hot-pressed extrusion ratio is 36.6- in the step (2)
37.2, under respective conditions, suitable extrusion ratio can be avoided product it is cracked or deformation etc. show generation.
As further improvement of these options, the mixed gas includes nitrogen 68-74%, argon gas 25- by volume
30%, carbon dioxide 1-2%；Rational proportion mixed gas guarantees heat transfer rate, and relatively easy time while guaranteeing low price
It receives, is suitable for promoting, and the mechanical strength of billet can be further enhanced.
As further improvement of these options, the air-cooled uniform hardening is to carry out in air cooled box, described air-cooled
Include internal box in case, multiple groups splayed bracket is equipped with above the internal box bottom, splayed bracket is for placing billet, institute
The longitudinal section for stating internal box is center zhou duicheng tuxing, and mutually perpendicular virtual dividing line is arranged on internal box longitudinal section, empty
The quasi- corresponding internal box of cut-off rule is equipped with jet group, and the jet group is included equally distributed jet assembly on cabinet,
Equally distributed gas outlet is equipped between adjacent jet group on internal box, the gas outlet outer end and compound gas recovering device connect
Logical, the rear end of the jet assembly is connected to air blower, and jet assembly includes multiple jet thrusts, and jet thrust is uniformly distributed, and guarantees phase
Adjacent jet group jet covering surface partly overlaps；The structurally reasonable setting splayed bracket can guarantee to place with cambered surface
Or the billet of plane, and the contact area with billet is reduced, guarantee air cooling effect；The reasonable setting of jet assembly, can make billet
Wind-engaging uniformly, under the cooperation of gas outlet, guarantees the lasting processing of certain pressure in air cooled box, and then guarantees air-cooled uniform
Property simultaneously reaches certain mechanics effect.
As further improvement of these options, the billet is column type billet or rectangular billet.
The present invention has the advantage that uniform by carrying out under the conditions of thermophilic to slab in the present invention compared with prior art
Change processing, can make β-Mg2Si phase particle spheroidizing makes in ingot casting originally because segregation layer existing for extruding is in Homogenization Treatments
It is uniformly distributed, avoids comprising enrichment region；Then hot-pressed to forging stock progress, by the way that hot-pressed condition is rationally arranged,
Segregation waste product or pressure break line waste product are avoided the occurrence of while avoiding Metal Deformation amount from being more than the plastic deformation limit；Then air-cooled
Air-cooled uniform hardening is carried out in case, can be to billet entirety uniform decrease in temperature, avoiding the occurrence of partial cooling occurs billet because of temperature difference
Deformation, is further precipitated Mg2Si and free Si reduces β phase and is precipitated, and then further increases the uniformity and modeling of alloy material
Property；Then under the conditions of 330 DEG C when artificial aging, atom action ability is strong, within the scope of several atomic layers of parent phase quickly
Even formation accumulation regions enhance alloy strength, are dissolved again under the conditions of being then transferred to 160 DEG C, due to quickly turning for solid solubility temperature
Become, make internally to move in the atom of high speed activities, so that the crystal being growing is deflected or is bent and cause between adjacent crystal block
There is phase difference, i.e. generation dislocation has refined the crystallite dimension of alloy with the increase of processing time in Solidified Process of Aluminum Alloys,
Enhance its toughness.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the side view of air cooled box in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the front view of air cooled box in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is the side view of air cooled box in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Specific embodiment
The following further describes the present invention with reference to the drawings.
For the technology contents that the present invention will be described in detail, the purpose and effect realized, give below in conjunction with embodiment
Explanation.
The most critical design of the present invention is: advanced optimizing thermomechanical place by the basis of certain alloy material
Reason is adjusted, and so that each condition is worked in coordination, and design air-cooled box structure, is guaranteed air-cooled uniformity, is further ensured that adding for aluminium alloy
Then working medium amount passes through the ageing treatment in two stages, makes internally to move in the atom of high speed activities, make the crystalline substance being growing
Body deflection or bending cause the phase difference that has between adjacent crystal block, i.e. generation dislocation, and with the increase of processing time, aluminium alloy is solidifying
Gu having refined the crystallite dimension of alloy in the process, enhance its toughness.
A kind of 6061 aluminum alloy heat mechanical treatment reinforcement process, comprising the following steps:
(1) by 6061 aluminium alloy slabs Homogenization Treatments 120-180 minutes at 560-600 DEG C, after obtaining Homogenization Treatments
Forging stock；
(2) hot-pressed to the forging stock progress after Homogenization Treatments, squeezing temperature is 480 DEG C, and hot extrusion speed is 60m/s,
Lubricant is molybdenum disulfide, obtains billet after the completion；
(3) billet obtained by step (2) is transferred in glowing furnace under keeping warm mode, in the gaseous mixture that pressure is 0.2-0.3MPa
Air-cooled uniform hardening is carried out in body atmosphere, is stopped quenching after billet temperature is lower than 360 DEG C, is obtained quenched billet；
(4) quenched billet is subjected to 330 DEG C × 2h ageing treatment, then the quenching of room temperature cold water carries out 160 DEG C × 6h again
Ageing treatment, after the completion it is air-cooled to obtain the final product.
Seen from the above description, Homogenization Treatments are carried out to slab under the conditions of thermophilic, β-Mg can be made2Si phase particle ball
Shape makes to avoid originally because segregation layer existing for extruding is uniformly distributed in Homogenization Treatments comprising enrichment region in ingot casting；Then
It is hot-pressed to forging stock progress, by the way that hot-pressed condition is rationally arranged, Metal Deformation amount is being avoided to be more than plastic deformation
Segregation waste product or pressure break line waste product are avoided the occurrence of while the limit；Then air-cooled uniform hardening is carried out in air cooled box, it can be to base
Ingot entirety uniform decrease in temperature, avoiding the occurrence of partial cooling makes billet because temperature difference deforms, and Mg is further precipitated2Si and free
Si reduces β phase and is precipitated, and then further increases the uniformity and plasticity of alloy material；Then artificial aging under the conditions of 330 DEG C
When, atom action ability is strong, and accumulation regions are rapidly and uniformly formed within the scope of several atomic layers of parent phase, enhance alloy strength,
Then it is dissolved again under the conditions of being transferred to 160 DEG C, due to the fast transition of solid solubility temperature, makes internally to transport in the atom of high speed activities
It is dynamic, it deflects the crystal being growing or is bent the phase difference that has caused between adjacent crystal block, is i.e. generation dislocation, when with processing
Between increase, the crystallite dimension of alloy has been refined in Solidified Process of Aluminum Alloys, has enhanced its toughness.
As further improvement of these options, 6061 aluminium alloy slabs carry out the pre-heat treatment, institute in the step (1)
It states the pre-heat treatment and refers to heat preservation 60-100 minutes under conditions of temperature is 200 DEG C, in advance the pre-heat treatment, can guarantee that aluminium alloy is cast
The effect of base Homogenization Treatments.
As further improvement of these options, hot-pressed extrusion ratio is 36.6- in the step (2)
37.2, under respective conditions, suitable extrusion ratio can be avoided product it is cracked or deformation etc. show generation.
As further improvement of these options, the mixed gas includes nitrogen 68-74%, argon gas 25- by volume
30%, carbon dioxide 1-2%；Rational proportion mixed gas guarantees heat transfer rate, and relatively easy time while guaranteeing low price
It receives, is suitable for promoting, and the mechanical strength of billet can be further enhanced；Nitrogen price is relatively low and easy recycling, and appropriate
Argon gas and carbon dioxide mix can improve heat transfer rate, and then guarantee mechanical strength.
As illustrated in fig. 1-3, the air-cooled uniform hardening is to carry out in air cooled box, includes internal box in the air cooled box
1,1 bottom of the internal box top is equipped with multiple groups splayed bracket 2, and splayed bracket 2 is for placing billet, the internal box 1
Longitudinal section be center zhou duicheng tuxing, mutually perpendicular virtual dividing line, virtual dividing line are set on 1 longitudinal section of internal box
Corresponding internal box is equipped with jet group, and the jet group is included equally distributed jet assembly 3 on cabinet, in internal box
It is equipped with equally distributed gas outlet 4 between upper adjacent jet group, 4 outer end of gas outlet is connected to compound gas recovering device, institute
The rear end connection air blower of jet assembly 3 is stated, jet assembly 3 includes multiple jet thrusts 4, and jet thrust 4 is uniformly distributed, and is guaranteed adjacent
Jet group jet covering surface partly overlaps；The structurally reasonable setting splayed bracket 2, can guarantee to place with cambered surface or
The billet of plane, and the contact area with billet is reduced, guarantee air cooling effect；The reasonable setting of jet assembly, can make billet exist
Wind-engaging uniformly, under the cooperation of gas outlet, guarantees the lasting processing of certain pressure, and then guarantee air-cooled uniformity in air cooled box
And reach certain mechanics effect.
Embodiment 1
A kind of 6061 aluminum alloy heat mechanical treatment reinforcement process, comprising the following steps:
(1) 6061 aluminium alloy slabs are subjected to the pre-heat treatment, the pre-heat treatment refers to be kept the temperature under conditions of temperature is 200 DEG C
60 minutes；Then Homogenization Treatments 120 minutes at 600 DEG C, the forging stock after obtaining Homogenization Treatments；
(2) hot-pressed to the forging stock progress after Homogenization Treatments, squeezing temperature is 480 DEG C, hot-pressed extrusion ratio
It is 37.2, hot extrusion speed is 60m/s, and lubricant is molybdenum disulfide, obtains billet after the completion；
(3) billet obtained by step (2) is transferred in glowing furnace under keeping warm mode, in the mixed gas atmosphere that pressure is 0.2MPa
The middle air-cooled uniform hardening of progress is enclosed, stops quenching after billet temperature is lower than 360 DEG C, obtains quenched billet；The mixing
Gas includes nitrogen 68%, argon gas 30%, carbon dioxide 2% by volume；Wherein, the air-cooled uniform hardening is in air cooled box
It carries out, as shown in figs. 1-2, remaining part is this field common part to the air cooled box, not separately labeled in figure；
(4) quenched billet is subjected to 330 DEG C × 2h ageing treatment, then the quenching of room temperature cold water carries out 160 DEG C × 6h again
Ageing treatment, after the completion it is air-cooled to obtain the final product.
Embodiment 2
A kind of 6061 aluminum alloy heat mechanical treatment reinforcement process, comprising the following steps:
(1) 6061 aluminium alloy slabs are subjected to the pre-heat treatment, the pre-heat treatment refers to be kept the temperature under conditions of temperature is 200 DEG C
100 minutes；Then Homogenization Treatments 180 minutes at 560 DEG C, the forging stock after obtaining Homogenization Treatments；
(2) hot-pressed to the forging stock progress after Homogenization Treatments, squeezing temperature is 480 DEG C, hot-pressed extrusion ratio
It is 36.6, hot extrusion speed is 60m/s, and lubricant is molybdenum disulfide, obtains billet after the completion；
(3) billet obtained by step (2) is transferred in glowing furnace under keeping warm mode, in the mixed gas atmosphere that pressure is 0.3MPa
The middle air-cooled uniform hardening of progress is enclosed, stops quenching after billet temperature is lower than 360 DEG C, obtains quenched billet；The mixing
Gas includes nitrogen 74%, argon gas 25%, carbon dioxide 1% by volume；Wherein, the air-cooled uniform hardening is in air cooled box
It carries out, as shown in figures 2-3, remaining part is this field common part to the air cooled box, not separately labeled in figure；
(4) quenched billet is subjected to 330 DEG C × 2h ageing treatment, then the quenching of room temperature cold water carries out 160 DEG C × 6h again
Ageing treatment, after the completion it is air-cooled to obtain the final product.
Control group 1 is set, Homogenization Treatments condition in 1 step of embodiment (1) is adjusted to 535 DEG C × 4h, remaining content
It is constant；Control group 2 is set, is adjusted to 500 DEG C for temperature is squeezed in 1 step of embodiment (2), remaining content is constant；Setting control
Group 3, by air cooled box replaces with existing using fan coolling in step (3) in embodiment 1, remaining content is constant；Setting control
Group 4, replaces with isometric nitrogen for carbon dioxide in gas mixture in embodiment 1, remaining content is constant；Control group 5 is set,
Mixed gas in embodiment 1 is replaced with into pure nitrogen gas, remaining content is constant；Control group 6 is set, by mixed gas in embodiment 1
Pure argon is replaced with, remaining content is constant；Control group 7 is set, Ageing conditions in embodiment 1 are replaced with into 330 DEG C × 8h,
Then it is quenched in room temperature cold water, remaining content is constant；Control group 8 is set, Ageing conditions in embodiment 1 are replaced with 160
DEG C × 8h, it is then quenched in room temperature cold water, remaining content is constant；
And blank group is set, i.e., untreated aluminum alloy materials according to the previous description.
6061 aluminum alloy plate materials are cut into 60mm × 20mm × 6mm sample with wire cutting method, then according to the present invention
Middle method is handled, and is detected after the completion of processing to the hardness of each group, and hardness test is aobvious using HV0.1S-1000 digital display type
Micro Vickers hardness meter, load counterweight are 100g, dwell time 10s；And to its impact toughness and related mechanical strength and elongation
It is detected, wherein every group of DATA REASONING is three times, and averages, obtain following result:
Table 2
The performance of 6061 aluminium alloys can be generated by the restriction that data in table 1 can be seen that each step conditional in the present invention
Corresponding to influence, mixed gas generates larger shadow to aluminium alloy comprehensive strength for the change of pure nitrogen gas or Homogenization Treatments condition
It rings, wherein the change of mixed gas and the change of Ageing conditions have larger impact to aluminium alloy toughness.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of 6061 aluminum alloy heat mechanical treatment reinforcement process, which comprises the following steps:
(1) by 6061 aluminium alloy slabs Homogenization Treatments 120-180 minutes at 560-600 DEG C, after obtaining Homogenization Treatments
Forging stock；
(2) hot-pressed to the forging stock progress after Homogenization Treatments, squeezing temperature is 480 DEG C, and hot extrusion speed is 60m/s,
Lubricant is molybdenum disulfide, obtains billet after the completion；
(3) billet obtained by step (2) is transferred in glowing furnace under keeping warm mode, in the gaseous mixture that pressure is 0.2-0.3MPa
Air-cooled uniform hardening is carried out in body atmosphere, is stopped quenching after billet temperature is lower than 360 DEG C, is obtained quenched billet；
(4) quenched billet is subjected to 330 DEG C × 2h ageing treatment, then the quenching of room temperature cold water carries out 160 DEG C × 6h again
Ageing treatment, after the completion it is air-cooled to obtain the final product.
2. 6061 aluminum alloy heat mechanical treatment reinforcement process of one kind as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (1)
In 6061 aluminium alloy slabs carry out the pre-heat treatment, the pre-heat treatment refer to temperature be 200 DEG C under conditions of keeps the temperature 60-100
Minute.
3. 6061 aluminum alloy heat mechanical treatment reinforcement process of one kind as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (2)
In hot-pressed extrusion ratio be 36.6-37.2.
4. 6061 aluminum alloy heat mechanical treatment reinforcement process of one kind as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the mixed gas
It by volume include nitrogen 68-74%, argon gas 25-30%, carbon dioxide 1-2%.
5. 6061 aluminum alloy heat mechanical treatment reinforcement process of one kind as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described air-cooled uniform
Quenching includes internal box in the air cooled box, is equipped with multiple groups splayed above the internal box bottom to carry out in air cooled box
Bracket, splayed bracket is for placing billet, and the longitudinal section of the internal box is center zhou duicheng tuxing, in internal box longitudinal section
The upper mutually perpendicular virtual dividing line of setting, the corresponding internal box of virtual dividing line are equipped with jet group, and the jet group includes
The equally distributed jet assembly on internal box is equipped with equally distributed gas outlet, institute on internal box between adjacent jet group
It states gas outlet outer end to be connected to compound gas recovering device, the rear end of the jet assembly is connected to air blower, and jet assembly includes more
A jet thrust, jet thrust are uniformly distributed, and guarantee that adjacent jet group jet covering surface partly overlaps.
6. 6061 aluminum alloy heat mechanical treatment reinforcement process of one kind as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the billet is column
Parison ingot or rectangular billet.
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| CN113881906A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-01-04 | 宁波旭升汽车技术股份有限公司 | Rapid heat treatment process for aluminum alloy material |
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