CN110027964A - 电梯***的轻量型承重构件 - Google Patents

电梯***的轻量型承重构件 Download PDF

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CN110027964A
CN110027964A CN201811330869.7A CN201811330869A CN110027964A CN 110027964 A CN110027964 A CN 110027964A CN 201811330869 A CN201811330869 A CN 201811330869A CN 110027964 A CN110027964 A CN 110027964A
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lifting member
rope
elevator device
fiber
bearing
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赵谦
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Otis Elevator Co
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Otis Elevator Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
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Abstract

一种电梯***的提升构件，包括绳索，所述绳索由沿着所述提升构件的长度延伸的多个承重纤维形成。所述多个承重纤维包括多个芳族聚酯基纤维。涂层至少部分地包封所述绳索。一种电梯***，包括：井道；电梯轿厢，其设置在所述井道中并且能够在所述井道中移动；以及提升构件，其可操作地连接到所述电梯轿厢以便沿着所述井道悬挂和/或驱动所述电梯轿厢。所述提升构件包括绳索，所述绳索由沿着所述提升构件的长度延伸的多个承重纤维形成。所述多个承重纤维包括多个芳族聚酯基纤维。涂层至少部分地包封所述绳索。

Description

电梯***的轻量型承重构件
背景技术
本文公开的实施方案涉及诸如电梯***的提升***，并且更具体地涉及用于悬挂和/或驱动提升***的电梯轿厢的承重构件。
提升***(诸如电梯***)可用于在建筑物的各层级之间运载乘客、货物或两者。一些电梯是基于牵引的并且利用诸如带、绳索或缆线的承重构件，以用于支撑电梯轿厢，并实现电梯轿厢的期望的移动和定位。
一些***利用金属绳作为承重构件，但是对于高层建筑提升，与此类金属绳的拉伸强度和刚度相关，此类金属绳重量大且横截面大。类似地，由于钢丝绳，经涂覆的钢带(通常是封闭在夹套中的钢丝绳)有时也太重而不能用于高层建筑电梯。与钢丝绳带相比，在承重构件中利用复合材料张力元件的碳纤维带将提供经改进的强度重量比优势。然而，此类带需要相对刚性的热固性塑料基质来保护脆性的碳纤维。基质材料降低了带的柔韧性，从而需要利用更大直径的绳轮。
发明内容
在一个实施方案中，一种电梯***的提升构件包括绳索，所述绳索由沿着所述提升构件的长度延伸的多个承重纤维形成。所述多个承重纤维包括多个芳族聚酯基纤维。涂层至少部分地包封所述绳索。
另外地或可替代地，在这个或其他实施方案中，所述芳族聚酯纤维由液晶聚合物材料形成。
另外地或可替代地，在这个或其他实施方案中，所述多个承重纤维包括至少50％的芳族聚酯纤维。
另外地或可替代地，在这个或其他实施方案中，所述多个承重纤维还包括碳纤维、玻璃纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、超高分子量聚丙烯、聚苯并噁唑纤维或尼龙纤维中的一种或多种。
另外地或可替代地，在这个或其他实施方案中，所述涂层包括UV稳定剂材料。
另外地或可替代地，在这个或其他实施方案中，所述UV稳定剂材料包括2-(2H-苯并***-2-基)-4,6-二叔戊基苯酚等等。
另外地或可替代地，在这个或其他实施方案中，所述涂层包括脂族基聚氨酯分散体。
另外地或可替代地，在这个或其他实施方案中，所述脂族基聚氨酯分散体是异佛乐酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)或四甲基苯二甲基二异氰酸酯(TMXDI)。
另外地或可替代地，在这个或其他实施方案中，所述涂层是含氟聚合物分散体。
另外地或可替代地，在这个或其他实施方案中，所述含氟聚合物分散体是以下项中的一个：聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)或乙烯三氟氯乙烯(ECTFE)或其与丙烯酸类聚合物乳液、聚酰胺分散体或聚氨酯分散体中的一个或多个混合的混合物。
另外地或可替代地，在这个或其他实施方案中，所述绳索包括多个股线，每个股线由多个承重纤维形成，所述多个股线通过编织、加捻或卷绕中的一个或多个形成为所述绳索。
在另一个实施方案中，一种电梯***包括：井道；电梯轿厢，其设置在所述井道中并且能够在所述井道中移动；以及提升构件，其可操作地连接到所述电梯轿厢以便沿着所述井道悬挂和/或驱动所述电梯轿厢。所述提升构件包括绳索，所述绳索由沿着所述提升构件的长度延伸的多个承重纤维形成。所述多个承重纤维包括多个芳族聚酯基纤维。涂层至少部分地包封所述绳索。
另外地或可替代地，在这个或其他实施方案中，所述芳族聚酯纤维由液晶聚合物材料形成。
另外地或可替代地，在这个或其他实施方案中，所述多个承重纤维包括至少50％的芳族聚酯纤维。
另外地或可替代地，在这个或其他实施方案中，所述多个承重纤维还包括碳纤维、玻璃纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、超高分子量聚丙烯、聚苯并噁唑纤维或尼龙纤维中的一种或多种。
另外地或可替代地，在这个或其他实施方案中，所述涂层包括UV稳定剂材料。
另外地或可替代地，在这个或其他实施方案中，所述UV稳定剂材料包括2-(2H-苯并***-2-基)-4,6-二叔戊基苯酚等等。
另外地或可替代地，在这个或其他实施方案中，所述涂层包括脂族基聚氨酯分散体。
另外地或可替代地，在这个或其他实施方案中，所述脂族基聚氨酯分散体是异佛乐酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)或四甲基苯二甲基二异氰酸酯(TMXDI)。
另外地或可替代地，在这个或其他实施方案中，所述涂层包括以下项中的一个或多个：聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)或乙烯三氟氯乙烯(ECTFE)或其与丙烯酸类聚合物乳液、聚酰胺分散体或聚氨酯分散体中的一个或多个混合的混合物。
附图说明
以下描述在任何情况下都不应被视为限制性的。参考附图，相同的元件以同样的方式进行编号：
图1是电梯***的一个实施方案的示意图；并且
图2是电梯***的提升构件的一个实施方案的剖视图。
具体实施方式
本文参考附图通过举例而非限制的方式呈现了所公开的设备和方法的一个或多个实施方案的详细描述。
在图1中示出了示例性牵引电梯***10的示意图。对于理解本发明并不需要的电梯***10的特征(诸如导轨、安全设施等)在本文中未予论述。电梯***10包括电梯轿厢14，所述电梯轿厢14使用一个或多个承重构件(诸如绳索16或缆线)可操作地悬挂或支撑在井道12中。
一个或多个绳索16与绳轮18和52相互作用以途经电梯***10的各种部件。绳轮18被配置为转向器、偏转器或惰轮，并且绳轮52被配置为由机器50驱动的牵引绳轮52。牵引绳轮52通过机器50的移动驱动、移动和/或推进(通过牵引)途经牵引绳轮52的一个或多个绳索16。转向器、偏转器或惰轮18不由机器50驱动，而是帮助引导一个或多个绳索16围绕电梯***10的各个部件。一个或多个绳索16也可连接到配重22，所述配重22用于帮助平衡电梯***10并减小在操作期间位于牵引绳轮两侧上的绳索张力的差值。绳轮18和52各自具有直径，所述直径可以彼此相同或不同。
在一些实施方案中，电梯***10可使用两个或更多个绳索16，以用于悬挂和/或驱动电梯轿厢14。此外，电梯***10可具有各种配置，使得一个或多个绳索16的两侧都接合绳轮18、52或者仅一个或多个绳索16的一侧接合绳轮18、52。图1的实施方案示出了1:1挂绳布置，其中一个或多个绳索16端接在轿厢14和配重22处，而其他实施方案可利用其他挂绳布置。
绳索16被构造成满足绳索寿命要求并具有平稳的操作，同时足够牢固以能够满足悬挂和/或驱动电梯轿厢14和配重22的强度要求。
图2提供示例性绳索16构造或设计的剖视示意图。绳索16包括多个承重纤维24，其编织、加捻、卷绕或以其他方式形成为绳索16。在一些实施方案中，多个承重纤维24形成为一个或多个股线26，所述一个或多个股线26形成为绳索16。在一些实施方案中，诸如图2所示，股线26具有基本相同的构造，而在其他实施方案中，股线26的构造可以发生变化。例如，中心股线26a可具有与外部股线26b不同的构造。
多个承重纤维24包括经编织的耐冲击液晶聚合物和/或碳纤维和/或玻璃纤维和/或超高分子量聚乙烯纤维和/或超高分子量聚丙烯和/或聚苯并噁唑纤维和/或尼龙中的一种或多种。液晶聚合物是通过4-羟基苯甲酸和6-羟基萘-2-甲酸的缩聚反应制备的芳族聚酯。在一些实施方案中，液晶聚合物是VectranTM材料。液晶聚合物的密度低于典型的碳纤维，约为1.4g/cm3。此外，液晶聚合物的拉伸强度高于典型的碳纤维型材的拉伸强度，约为3000-3200兆帕斯卡。在一些实施方案中，绳索16包括液晶聚合物以及碳纤维、玻璃纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯、超高分子量聚丙烯、聚苯并噁唑纤维或尼龙中的一种或多种。此外，在一些实施方案中，绳索16中至少50％的承重纤维24是芳族聚酯基纤维，诸如液晶聚合物。
在一些实施方案中，承重纤维24设置在基质材料44中。基质材料44可由例如像聚氨酯、乙烯基酯和环氧树脂形成。基质材料44被选定来与承重纤维24组合来实现绳索16的期望的刚度和强度。尽管在图2的实施方案中示出了基质材料44，但是在一些实施方案中，基质材料44被省去，并且绳索16被形成为所谓的“干纤维”构型。
在一些实施方案中，通过挤拉成型法可将张力构件24形成为薄层。在标准的挤拉成型法中，第一承重纤维24用基质材料44来进行浸渍，并牵拉穿过加热的模具和另外的固化加热器，其中基质材料44经历交联。在示例性实施方案中，绳索16具有大约0.5毫米至大约4毫米的横截面厚度。在另一个实施方案中，绳索16具有1毫米的横截面厚度。此外，在诸如图2所示的一些实施方案中，绳索16具有圆形横截面，而在其他实施方案中，绳索16可具有其他横截面形状，诸如矩形、卵形或椭圆形。
在多个纤维24上向绳索16施加涂层28(包括UV稳定剂)以防止绳索16的降解和磨损。在一些实施方案中，涂层材料是脂族基聚氨酯分散体，诸如异佛乐酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)或四甲基苯二甲基二异氰酸酯(TMXDI)等。
涂层28中的UV稳定剂材料可包括但不限于2-(2H-苯并***-2-基)-4,6-二叔戊基苯酚等等。此外，涂层28可包括聚酯和聚酰胺基分散体中的一个或多个(诸如基于8-20个碳的单体)，以获得更好的柔韧性。例如，癸二酸(C-10)和乙二醇与C12聚酯树脂，其已广泛用于工业中。举另一个实例，11-氨基十一酸在工业上由十一碳烯酸制备，十一碳烯酸源于蓖麻油。11-氨基十一酸是尼龙-11的先质，尼龙-11用于高性能应用，诸如汽车燃料管线、气动空气制动管、电气防白蚁电缆***层、油气柔性管和控制液脐带缆、运动鞋、电子装置部件和导管。通过例如用于将涂层28施加到绳索16的浸镀法或喷涂法或挤压法，可将涂层28施加到绳索16。
在一些实施方案中，涂层材料是基于聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)和/或乙烯三氟氯乙烯(ECTFE)的聚合物分散体。大多数情况下，这些含氟聚合物分散体是与某些其他聚合物(诸如丙烯酸类聚合物乳液、聚酰胺分散体或聚氨酯分散体等等)混合的混合物，以用于改进它们与纤维的粘附性。在使用含氟聚合物分散体的这种情况下，由于含氟聚合物的耐UV性，可省去使用UV稳定剂。
涂层材料不仅可以作为层28施加在绳索上，而且它们可以在绳索生产期间施加到每个股线，或者进一步，涂层材料可在纤维生产期间施加到每个长丝上。
与钢丝绳带相比，在绳索16中使用芳族聚酯基纤维(诸如液晶聚合物)减轻了绳索16的重量。此外，绳索16具有比可比较的钢丝绳带或碳纤维带更大的拉伸强度重量比，同时还具有相对于碳纤维带构造经改进的柔韧性。因此，绳索16使减小直径的绳轮18能够用于电梯***10中。
术语“约”意图包括与基于提交申请时可用的设备的具体量的测量值相关联的误差度。例如，“约”可以包括给定值的±8％或±5％或±2％的范围。
本文使用的术语仅用于描述具体实施方案的目的，而不意图作为本公开的限制。如本文所用，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式“一个(a)”、“一个(an)”和“所述”也意图包括复数形式。还应理解，术语“包括(comprises)”和/或“包括(comprising)”在本说明书中使用时，规定所陈述的特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件的存在，但是并不排除一个或多个其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件部件和/或其群组的存在或增加。
虽然已参考一个或多个示例性实施方案描述了本公开，但本领域技术人员应理解，在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下，可进行各种更改并可用等效物替代本公开的元件。此外，在不脱离本公开的基本范围的情况下，可以进行许多修改以使具体情况或材料适于本公开的教义。因此，意图本公开不限于作为用于实施本公开所设想的最佳模式而公开的具体实施方案，而是本公开将包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有实施方案。

Claims (20)

1.一种电梯***的提升构件，其包括：
绳索，其由沿着所述提升构件的长度延伸的多个承重纤维形成，所述多个承重纤维包括多个芳族聚酯基纤维；以及
涂层材料，其至少部分地包封所述绳索。
2.如权利要求1所述的提升构件，其中所述芳族聚酯纤维由液晶聚合物材料形成。
3.如权利要求1所述的提升构件，其中所述多个承重纤维包括至少50％的芳族聚酯纤维。
4.如权利要求1所述的提升构件，其中所述多个承重纤维还包括碳纤维、玻璃纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、超高分子量聚丙烯、聚苯并噁唑纤维或尼龙纤维中的一种或多种。
5.如权利要求1所述的提升构件，其中所述涂层包括UV稳定剂材料。
6.如权利要求5所述的提升构件，其中所述UV稳定剂材料包括2-(2H-苯并***-2-基)-4,6-二叔戊基苯酚等等。
7.如权利要求1所述的提升构件，其中所述涂层包括脂族基聚氨酯分散体。
8.如权利要求7所述的提升构件，其中所述脂族基聚氨酯分散体是异佛乐酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)或四甲基苯二甲基二异氰酸酯(TMXDI)。
9.如权利要求1所述的提升构件，其中所述涂层是含氟聚合物分散体。
10.如权利要求9所述的提升构件，其中所述含氟聚合物分散体是以下项中的一个：聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)或乙烯三氟氯乙烯(ECTFE)或其与丙烯酸类聚合物乳液、聚酰胺分散体或聚氨酯分散体中的一个或多个混合的混合物。
11.如权利要求1所述的提升构件，其中所述绳索包括多个股线，每个股线由多个承重纤维形成，所述多个股线通过编织、加捻或卷绕中的一个或多个形成为所述绳索。
12.一种电梯***，其包括：
井道；
电梯轿厢，其设置在所述井道中并且能够在所述井道中移动；以及
提升构件，其可操作地连接到所述电梯轿厢以便沿着所述井道悬挂和/或驱动所述电梯轿厢，所述提升构件包括：
绳索，其由沿着所述提升构件的长度延伸的多个承重纤维形成，所述多个承重纤维包括多个芳族聚酯基纤维；以及
涂层材料，其至少部分地包封所述绳索。
13.如权利要求12所述的电梯***，其中所述芳族聚酯纤维由液晶聚合物材料形成。
14.如权利要求12所述的电梯***，其中所述多个承重纤维包括至少50％的芳族聚酯纤维。
15.如权利要求12所述的电梯***，其中所述多个承重纤维还包括碳纤维、玻璃纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、超高分子量聚丙烯、聚苯并噁唑纤维或尼龙纤维中的一种或多种。
16.如权利要求12所述的电梯***，其中所述涂层包括UV稳定剂材料。
17.如权利要求16所述的电梯***，其中所述UV稳定剂材料包括2-(2H-苯并***-2-基)-4,6-二叔戊基苯酚等等。
18.如权利要求12所述的电梯***，其中所述涂层包括脂族基聚氨酯分散体。
19.如权利要求18所述的电梯***，其中所述脂族基聚氨酯分散体是异佛乐酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)或四甲基苯二甲基二异氰酸酯(TMXDI)。
20.如权利要求12所述的电梯***，其中所述涂层包括以下项中的一个或多个：聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)或乙烯三氟氯乙烯(ECTFE)或其与丙烯酸类聚合物乳液、聚酰胺分散体或聚氨酯分散体中的一个或多个混合的混合物。
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