CN110014020B - Method for classifying and processing household garbage terminals - Google Patents
Method for classifying and processing household garbage terminals Download PDFInfo
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- CN110014020B CN110014020B CN201910283103.6A CN201910283103A CN110014020B CN 110014020 B CN110014020 B CN 110014020B CN 201910283103 A CN201910283103 A CN 201910283103A CN 110014020 B CN110014020 B CN 110014020B
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M43/00—Combinations of bioreactors or fermenters with other apparatus
- C12M43/08—Bioreactors or fermenters combined with devices or plants for production of electricity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/58—Construction or demolition [C&D] waste
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for classifying and treating domestic garbage at terminals, which collects the domestic garbage by a physical and chemical combined biological method, then carries out pretreatment, then carries out uniform fermentation and sorting, divides the garbage into a plurality of categories for terminal treatment, has no wastewater, no waste gas, no waste residue and no secondary pollution in the treatment process, has high harmless and recycling degrees and advanced process technology, realizes the national treatment requirements of 'reduction, recycling and harmlessness' of the municipal domestic garbage, and achieves the industrial standard of changing waste into valuable and recycling the waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, in particular to a method for classifying and treating household garbage terminals.
Background
The current common garbage disposal methods mainly comprise the following steps:
1. and (3) landfill treatment: the domestic garbage is filled and buried by utilizing the lands such as fertile farmlands, valley gullies, waste pits and the like. Therefore, although urban domestic garbage is treated, secondary pollution caused by the garbage is increasing day by day, and particularly, waste gas and waste water are easy to destroy the atmosphere and pollute underground water, and meanwhile, great waste of land resources is caused.
2. Incineration (power generation) method: the waste is incinerated to realize the treatment of waste reduction, but waste gas, waste water, waste residues and the like generated after incineration can cause secondary pollution, and the residual waste residues are subjected to secondary landfill, so that the mode is large in investment and incomplete in treatment.
3. Composting: the compost treatment is used for sorting and classifying the garbage, and the organic content of the garbage is required to be higher. However, the composting process cannot be reduced and still needs to occupy a large amount of land.
The garbage is called 'misplaced resources', the recyclable garbage comprises paper, metal, plastic, glass and the like, and the pollution can be reduced and the resources can be saved through comprehensive treatment and recycling. For example: 850kg of paper can be made by recycling 1t of waste paper, 300kg of wood is saved, and the pollution is reduced by 74% compared with equivalent production; 0.7t of secondary raw material can be obtained when 1t of plastic beverage bottles are recycled; the steel can be smelted by 0.9t when 1t of waste steel is recycled, so that the cost is saved by 47 percent compared with the smelting by using ores, the air pollution is reduced by 75 percent, and the water pollution and solid waste are reduced by 97 percent. The national environmental protection committee proposed in 1986 that municipal solid waste in China should be finally treated in terms of harmlessness, reduction and resource. However, none of the currently used garbage disposal methods can achieve "triple action". The comprehensive treatment and energy recovery method of urban garbage is the most advanced garbage treatment method at present, represents the development direction of garbage treatment, and can really realize the aim of 'three-transformation', particularly the recycling, namely the resource recycling, which has great significance at the present day when the energy and the resource are increasingly tense.
The garbage is solid waste generated in daily life and production of human beings, has large discharge amount, complex and various components, pollution, resource and socialization, needs harmless, resource, reduction and socialization treatment, and can pollute the environment, influence the environmental sanitation, waste resources, destroy the safety of production and life and destroy the social harmony if the garbage cannot be properly treated. At present, garbage classification is carried out on a large number of people, but most of the garbage classification is carried out in the early stage, the self-conscious of people is extremely dependent, people are organized to carry out garbage classification like organizing a large-scale activity, people do not want to participate in the garbage classification in a special independent way, long-term insisting combat is needed, and although environmental protection experts, workers and lovers all make great efforts, the garbage classification is difficult to realize and insist on a large scale in the current society. Most of domestic garbage in cities and countryside is not classified at present, and some classified garbage is uniformly recycled to a garbage treatment center for classification when being collected, so that an effective comprehensive domestic garbage treatment method is required to be provided for realizing the 'three-transformation' of the domestic garbage. Patent 201710868297.7 discloses a domestic waste integrated treatment equipment and process, and applicant's Jiangsu snow maple environmental protection science and technology limited company provides a domestic waste integrated treatment process, including smashing, fermentation and letter sorting, has realized the resourceization, the innocent treatment of rubbish, has thoroughly eliminated waste water, waste gas and the waste residue in the refuse treatment process, has effectively avoided the secondary pollution that domestic waste probably caused. However, the patent mainly discloses a comprehensive treatment device for household garbage, the process is simple and general, and the classification and terminal treatment of the garbage are not clear.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for classifying and treating domestic garbage at a terminal, which completely treats the garbage by a physical and chemical combined biological method, has no wastewater, waste gas, waste residue and secondary pollution in the production process, has high harmless and recycling degree and advanced process technology, realizes the national treatment requirements on reduction, reclamation and harmless of urban domestic garbage, and achieves the industrial standard of changing waste into valuables and recycling waste.
A method for classifying and processing household garbage terminals comprises the processes of collecting, preprocessing, fermenting, sorting, post-processing and the like of the household garbage, and specifically comprises the following process steps:
the collection is to collect and transport the domestic garbage generated by each household to the garbage disposal center.
The pretreatment is to break the bag of the collected domestic garbage to completely expose and disperse the garbage, meanwhile, the domestic garbage is crushed into fine garbage, then, a compression filtering device is used for carrying out pre-dehydration treatment on the garbage, and sewage is introduced into a fermentation tank for fermentation to produce methane. The bag breaking uses the shield type garbage bag breaking machine, the bag breaking shield and the rotating mechanism are adopted for cutting in a reverse rotating mode, garbage is extruded and drained by the spiral device and then output in a strand-dividing mode, the processes of bag breaking, cutting and water removal are completed at one time, and the rotating shaft is not easily wound by strip-shaped garbage.
The fermentation is to send the pretreated domestic garbage into a fermentation bin, spray activated biological bacteria, fully and uniformly mix the biological bacteria and the garbage, control the humidity value to be 40% -65%, ferment for 20-24h, and obtain the semi-dry garbage after the fermentation is finished.
The sorting is to send the fermented semi-dry domestic garbage into a DCS automatic sorting system, and divide the domestic garbage into 5 types of waste metal, plastic, organic nutrient soil, building garbage and toxic and difficult-to-treat waste through mechanical sorting, magnetic separation and screening.
The post-treatment comprises 1) remelting and remodeling the waste metal to prepare a new metal material; 2) the plastic is used for oil refining, and the obtained fuel oil is used for power generation; 3) carrying out harmless treatment on the organic nutrient soil, detecting the component content of nutrient elements, and scientifically matching and supplementing the nutrient elements to prepare the organic ecological fertilizer; 4) the construction waste is crushed and then used for manufacturing a mixed type construction material; 5) and (4) conveying the toxic and difficultly-treated waste to a hazardous chemical center for treatment.
The fermentation bin is a roller type fermentation bin and comprises a roller shape made of steel plates, a lifting plate is welded on the inner wall of the roller shape, and two ends of the roller are respectively connected with a feeding and discharging fixed end cover made of steel plates in a rotating and sealing mode; the roller is supported by two groups of riding wheels and is driven by an outer gear ring to rotate around the axis, and along with the rotation of the roller, the garbage and the biological bacteria are lifted by the material raising plate on the wall of the roller, fall and turn over continuously, and the garbage and the biological bacteria are in full contact reaction.
Introducing the wastewater generated in the fermentation process into a fermentation tank for fermentation to produce biogas, introducing the wastewater into a biogas digester after fermentation, adding a flocculating agent into the wastewater for flocculation and pre-precipitation, and then filtering to obtain filter residues for culturing activated biological bacteria; the filtrate enters an anaerobic treatment tank for anaerobic treatment, then aerobic treatment is carried out by adopting two-stage contact oxidation, the filtrate reacts with an algae biomembrane in a membrane biological reaction tank, water passing through the algae biomembrane passes through a filtering device made of pebbles, granite and the like, a flat microfiltration membrane is arranged at the water outlet of the filtering device for filtering, and the water filtered by the flat microfiltration membrane can be discharged or recycled outwards after being detected to be qualified; collecting biogas from waste gas generated in the fermentation process, and dehydrating, desulfurizing, purifying and pressurizing the biogas for power generation; and other waste gases are discharged after harmless treatment.
Pebbles, granites and the like are used for manufacturing a filtering device, and the specific manufacturing method is that pebbles with the size of 2-4mm are placed at the bottommost layer of a container, granite with the size of 10-20 meshes after being crushed is placed after the pebbles are paved, and finally a layer of granite with the size of 20-40 meshes is scattered. Pebbles and granites are both from Guangxi Guishan, the Guiping Xishan granite takes quartz, feldspar and mica as main components; wherein the feldspar content is 40% -60%, the quartz content is 20% -40%, and the color is determined by the types and the amount of the contained components. The west mountain granite mass contains two radioactive elements of thorium (Th) and radium (Ra), and the thorium and the radium can form radon through disintegration. The Guangxi Guiping Xishan mountain milk spring flows out from rock gaps, is inexhaustible in winter, does not overflow in summer, is fresh and sweet in taste, and is good for making tea and brewing wine; the evaluation shows that the radon-containing mineral water with high quality develops in the rock mass of the granite in the west mountain, and the rock mass contains two radioactive elements of thorium (Th) and radium (Ra). Radon is formed by disintegration of thorium and radium, a large amount of radon gas is released out of spring openings along cracks along with water, fine bubbles with white color are spread over the whole water area, the water color is suddenly changed into white, spring water has strong surface tension, if small bowls of spring water are filled, fractional nickel coins are put into the spring water one by one, the water surface bulges into a parabolic shape, and water does not overflow. Guiping Xishan granite is a unique material, and the physical characteristics of the granite are mainly represented by porosity/permeability. The Guiping Xishan granite has a granular structure of fine grains, medium grains and coarse grains or a spot-like structure, and has uniform and fine grains, small gaps and low water absorption rate.
The activated biological bacteria used in the fermentation process are selected from high-temperature bacteria with deodorization and sterilization functions, high-temperature bacteria with nitrogen fixation function and cellulose decomposition bacteria in a proportion of 3-5: 1: 1 in a certain proportion; the activation process is that each strain is firstly cultured in a culture medium for a period of time, when the growth cycle of the strain just enters the logarithmic phase, the strain is transferred into filter residue obtained by filtering fermentation wastewater for continuous culture, and when the growth cycle of the strain reaches the stationary phase, the strain can be used for fermenting the domestic garbage.
The whole process is controlled by an automatic control system; the bag breaking machine is connected with the inlet of the fermentation bin through the outlet, the outlet of the fermentation bin is connected with the sorting system, the garbage is conveyed by a belt before entering the bag breaking machine and conveyed by various materials after being sorted through a closed conveying channel, the garbage is in the fully-closed system in the pretreatment, fermentation and sorting processes, no peculiar smell is emitted, and the air quality is good.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for classifying and processing household garbage at a terminal, which solves the problems of garbage front-end classification in the prior art, is suitable for mixing complicated household garbage, has high separation efficiency and a plurality of recovery types, changes the household garbage which needs to be treated by investing a large amount of capital into raw materials which can bring huge economic benefits to the society, puts the 'resource of the garbage which is a wrong place' into a correct place, and really realizes the recycling and reutilization of the resource. The domestic garbage terminal classification treatment method disclosed by the invention completely treats garbage by using a physical and chemical combined biological method, has the advantages of no wastewater, no waste gas, no waste residue, no secondary pollution, high harmlessness and recycling degree and advanced process technology in the production process, realizes the national treatment requirements on reduction, reclamation and harmlessness of municipal domestic garbage, and achieves the industrial standard of changing waste into valuables and recycling waste.
According to the method, the bag breaking treatment is carried out on the garbage before fermentation, so that the garbage is completely exposed, meanwhile, the household garbage is crushed into fine garbage which can be directly contacted with biological bacteria, the contact area is larger, and the fermentation speed and efficiency are improved. The activated biological bacteria are used in the fermentation process, so that the water content of the garbage can be reduced, the garbage is deodorized and sterilized, some organic substances can be degraded into organic nutrient soil, the fermented household garbage is in a semi-dry state, the degradable substances are degraded into fine substances, and the garbage is easier to sort. The fermentation storehouse that the fermentation was used is drum-type fermentation storehouse, utilizes drive arrangement drive rotary barrel to carry out the circumference rotation, and is equipped with the lifting blade on the rotary barrel inner wall, and the lifting blade is rotatory along with rotary barrel, makes rubbish and biological fungus in the rotary barrel realize copying, fall, constantly turn actions such as stir, lets biological fungus can contact with degradable material more fully, and the speed of fermentation is faster, and the fermentation is more thorough. Rotatable fermentation storehouse is because rotatory in-process bulkhead and rubbish take place the friction, can not deposit the dirt in fermentation storehouse, and it is more convenient to wash.
The biogas obtained by collecting the waste gas generated in the fermentation process is used for generating electricity, the separated plastic is used for refining oil, the obtained fuel oil is also used for generating electricity, and the generated electricity is used for a garbage treatment system of a garbage treatment center and is more than enough for daily life and does not need to be provided from the outside; the produced waste water can be recycled through purification, disinfection and sterilization treatment, no sewage is discharged outside, electricity and water are saved, and the cost is low.
In the whole process of the invention, from the inlet of the bag breaking machine to the outlet of various sorted substances, the whole process is in a closed state, no peculiar smell is scattered in the air, no sewage is leaked, the process is clean and clean, and the working environment of workers is comfortable.
Detailed Description
In order to describe the present invention in more detail, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A method for classifying and processing household garbage terminals comprises the processes of collecting, preprocessing, fermenting, sorting, post-processing and the like of the household garbage, and specifically comprises the following process steps:
the collection is to collect and transport the domestic garbage generated by each household to the garbage disposal center.
The pretreatment is to break the bag of the collected domestic garbage to completely expose and disperse the garbage, meanwhile, the domestic garbage is crushed into fine garbage, then, a compression filtering device is used for carrying out pre-dehydration treatment on the garbage, and sewage is introduced into a fermentation tank for fermentation to produce methane. The bag breaking uses the shield type rubbish bag breaking machine, the bagged rubbish gets into bag breaking district from the feed inlet, the direction of rotation of the screw device in the bag breaking district is the same with the direction of rotation of the motor, the bag breaking shield is turned back through the transmission of the transmission gear set, the direction of rotation is opposite to the screw device, the rubbish bag drops to bag breaking district below after the reverse rotation of the broken sword of screw device and the broken sword of bag breaking shield tears and breaks, carry the squeezing chamber through the transmission effect of screw device, after the stock of the rubbish in the squeezing chamber is full, just be extruded the ejection of compact belt from the reposition of redundant personnel share of extruding reposition of redundant personnel department and carry the fermentation storehouse.
The fermentation is that the pretreated domestic garbage is fed into a fermentation chamber through a feeding end, activated biological bacteria are sprayed in the fermentation chamber through a spray pipe, the fermentation chamber is sealed, a driving device is started, the fermentation chamber performs circular motion, the biological bacteria and the garbage are fully and uniformly mixed, the humidity value is controlled to be 40% -65%, the fermentation is performed for 20-24h, and the fermented materials are discharged from a discharging end after the fermentation is finished, so that the semi-dry garbage is obtained.
The sorting is to send the fermented semi-dry domestic garbage into a DCS automatic sorting system, and divide the domestic garbage into 5 types of waste metal, plastic, organic nutrient soil, building garbage and toxic and difficult-to-treat waste through mechanical sorting, magnetic separation and screening. The toxic and difficult-to-treat waste comprises waste batteries, heavy metals, vulcanized tires and the like which need to be subjected to non-toxic and harmless treatment.
The post-treatment comprises 1) remelting and remodeling the waste metal to prepare a new metal material; 2) the plastic is used for oil refining, and the obtained fuel oil is used for power generation; 3) carrying out harmless treatment on the organic nutrient soil, detecting the component content of nutrient elements, and scientifically matching and supplementing the nutrient elements to prepare the organic ecological fertilizer; 4) the construction waste is crushed and then used for manufacturing a mixed type construction material; 5) and (4) conveying the toxic and difficultly-treated waste to a hazardous chemical center for treatment.
The fermentation storehouse is drum-type fermentation storehouse, and the cylinder appearance is made by the steel sheet, and the inner wall welding has the lifting blade, lifting blade group number: n is more than 1; and the material lifting plates in every two adjacent material lifting plate groups are not aligned with each other, a certain distance is arranged between every two adjacent material lifting plate groups, and the material lifting plates and the axis form a 45-degree direction and are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction. The two ends of the roller are respectively connected with a feeding and discharging fixed end cover made of steel plates in a rotary sealing manner. The feeding fixed end cover is welded with a blowing pipe, a spraying pipe and a heating pipe to control the air quantity entering the cylinder and the temperature and humidity in the cylinder, and the spraying pipe can also be used for spraying biological bacteria. The feeding fixed end cover is also welded with a methane collecting pipe for collecting the produced methane. The rotary cylinder body is also provided with a water outlet at the end section of the discharging, the water outlet is formed by a plurality of water discharging holes, and the water outlet is connected with the fermentation tank and used for discharging the waste water generated by fermentation. The roller is supported by two groups of riding wheels and is driven by an outer gear ring to rotate around the axis, and along with the rotation of the roller, the garbage and the biological bacteria are lifted by the material raising plate on the wall of the roller, fall and turn over continuously, and the garbage and the biological bacteria are in full contact reaction. The driving device of the fermentation bin comprises a driving motor, a speed reducer, a pinion and a large gear ring, wherein the driving motor is connected with the speed reducer, the speed reducer is connected with the pinion, the pinion is connected with the large gear ring, and the pinion and the large gear ring are in meshing transmission; the large gear ring is arranged on the outer wall of the rotary cylinder body; and two sides of the pinion are respectively provided with a gear retainer ring. When the rotary drum works, the driving motor drives the speed reducer, the speed reducer drives the small gear, the small gear drives the large gear ring, and the large gear ring drives the rotary drum to rotate circumferentially.
Introducing the wastewater generated in the fermentation process into a fermentation tank for fermentation to produce biogas, introducing the wastewater into a biogas digester after fermentation, adding a flocculating agent into the wastewater for flocculation and pre-precipitation, and then filtering to obtain filter residues for culturing activated biological bacteria; the filtrate enters an anaerobic treatment tank for anaerobic treatment, then aerobic treatment is carried out by adopting two-stage contact oxidation, the filtrate reacts with an algae biomembrane in a membrane biological reaction tank, water passing through the algae biomembrane passes through a filtering device made of pebbles, granite and the like, a flat microfiltration membrane is arranged at the water outlet of the filtering device for filtering, and the water filtered by the flat microfiltration membrane can be discharged or recycled outwards after being detected to be qualified; collecting biogas from waste gas generated in the fermentation process, and dehydrating, desulfurizing, purifying and pressurizing the biogas for power generation; and other waste gases are discharged after harmless treatment.
Pebbles, granites and the like are used for manufacturing a filtering device, and the specific manufacturing method is that pebbles with the size of 2-4mm are placed at the bottommost layer of a container, granite with the size of 10-20 meshes after being crushed is placed after the pebbles are paved, and finally a layer of granite with the size of 20-40 meshes is scattered. Pebbles and granites are both from Guangxi Guishan, the Guiping Xishan granite takes quartz, feldspar and mica as main components; wherein the feldspar content is 40% -60%, the quartz content is 20% -40%, and the color is determined by the types and the amount of the contained components. The west mountain granite mass contains two radioactive elements of thorium (Th) and radium (Ra), and the thorium and the radium can form radon through disintegration. The Guangxi Guiping Xishan mountain milk spring flows out from rock gaps, is inexhaustible in winter, does not overflow in summer, is fresh and sweet in taste, and is good for making tea and brewing wine; the evaluation shows that the radon-containing mineral water with high quality develops in the rock mass of the granite in the west mountain, and the rock mass contains two radioactive elements of thorium (Th) and radium (Ra). Radon is formed by disintegration of thorium and radium, a large amount of radon gas is released out of spring openings along cracks along with water, fine bubbles with white color are spread over the whole water area, the water color is suddenly changed into white, spring water has strong surface tension, if small bowls of spring water are filled, fractional nickel coins are put into the spring water one by one, the water surface bulges into a parabolic shape, and water does not overflow. Guiping Xishan granite is a unique material, and the physical characteristics of the granite are mainly represented by porosity/permeability. The Guiping Xishan granite has a granular structure of fine grains, medium grains and coarse grains or a spot-like structure, the grains are uniform and fine, the gaps are small (the porosity is generally 0.3% -0.7%), and the water absorption is not high (the water absorption is generally 0.15% -0.46%).
The activated biological bacteria used in the fermentation process are selected from high-temperature bacteria with deodorization and sterilization functions, high-temperature bacteria with nitrogen fixation function and cellulose decomposition bacteria in a proportion of 3-5: 1: 1 in a certain proportion; the activation process is that each strain is firstly cultured in a culture medium for a period of time, when the growth cycle of the strain just enters the logarithmic phase, the strain is transferred into filter residue obtained by filtering fermentation wastewater for continuous culture, and when the growth cycle of the strain reaches the stationary phase, the strain can be used for fermenting the domestic garbage.
The whole process is controlled by an automatic control system; the bag breaking machine is connected with the inlet of the fermentation bin through the outlet, the outlet of the fermentation bin is connected with the sorting system, the garbage is conveyed by a belt before entering the bag breaking machine and conveyed by various materials after being sorted through a closed conveying channel, the garbage is in the fully-closed system in the pretreatment, fermentation and sorting processes, no peculiar smell is emitted, and the air quality is good.
Shield formula rubbish bag-breaking machine includes the motor and the speed reducer that meets with the motor, the speed reducer passes through the coupling joint main shaft, main shaft through connection bag-breaking machine front and back frame, the bag-breaking machine top sets up the feed inlet, feed inlet below leads to the bag-breaking machine bag-breaking district, bag-breaking district rear end sets up the bag-breaking shield, the bag-breaking shield surface sets up a plurality of broken bag shield broken edges, the bag-breaking shield passes through the bearing and links to each other with the main shaft, bag-breaking shield back border sets up the bag-breaking shield gear, the bag-breaking shield gear is connected with the main shaft through transmission gear set, bag-breaking district front end sets up screw device, screw device and main shaft fixed connection, screw device set up the broken edge of screw device on facing the bag-breaking district blade, the space of screw device front end is the extrusion chamber, the extrusion front end is for extruding the diffluence pass, extrude the diffluence pass under-pass through and connect ejection of compact belt.
Claims (3)
1. A method for classifying and processing household garbage terminals is characterized by comprising the processes of collecting, preprocessing, fermenting, sorting, post-processing and the like of the household garbage, and specifically comprises the following process steps:
the collection is to uniformly collect and transport the domestic garbage generated by each household to a garbage disposal center;
the pretreatment is to break the bags of the collected domestic garbage to completely expose and disperse the garbage, meanwhile, the domestic garbage is crushed into fine garbage, then a compression filtering device is used for carrying out pre-dehydration treatment on the garbage, and sewage is introduced into a fermentation tank for fermentation to produce methane;
the fermentation is to send the pretreated domestic garbage into a fermentation bin, spray activated biological bacteria, fully and uniformly mix the biological bacteria and the garbage, control the humidity value to be 40% -65%, ferment for 20-24h, and obtain the semi-dry garbage after the fermentation is finished;
the sorting is to send the fermented half-dry domestic garbage into a DCS automatic sorting system, and divide the domestic garbage into a plurality of categories of waste metal, plastic, organic nutrient soil, building garbage and toxic and difficult-to-treat waste through machine selection, sorting, magnetic separation and screening;
the post-treatment comprises 1) remelting and remodeling the waste metal to prepare a new metal material; 2) the plastic is used for oil refining, and the obtained fuel oil is used for power generation; 3) carrying out harmless treatment on the organic nutrient soil, detecting the component content of nutrient elements, and scientifically matching and supplementing the nutrient elements to prepare the organic ecological fertilizer; 4) the construction waste is crushed and then used for manufacturing a mixed type construction material; 5) sending the toxic and difficult-to-treat waste to a hazardous chemical center for treatment;
the bag breaking uses a shield type garbage bag breaking machine, the bag breaking shield and a rotating mechanism are adopted for carrying out bag breaking and cutting in a reverse rotating cutting mode, the garbage is extruded and drained by utilizing a spiral device and then output in a strand-dividing mode, the bag breaking, cutting and dewatering processes are completed at one time, and strip-shaped garbage is not easy to wind a rotating shaft;
the fermentation bin is a roller type fermentation bin and comprises a roller shape made of steel plates, a lifting plate is welded on the inner wall of the roller shape, and two ends of the roller are respectively connected with a feeding and discharging fixed end cover made of steel plates in a rotating and sealing mode; the roller is supported by two groups of riding wheels and is driven by an outer gear ring to do rotary motion around an axis, along with the rotation of the roller, the garbage and the biological bacteria are lifted by the material raising plate on the wall of the roller, fall and turn over continuously, and the garbage and the biological bacteria are in full contact reaction;
introducing the wastewater generated in the fermentation process into a fermentation tank for fermentation to produce biogas, introducing the wastewater into a biogas digester after fermentation, adding a flocculating agent into the wastewater for flocculation and pre-precipitation, and then filtering to obtain filter residues for culturing activated biological bacteria; the filtrate enters an anaerobic treatment tank for anaerobic treatment, then aerobic treatment is carried out by adopting two-stage contact oxidation, the filtrate reacts with an algae biomembrane in a membrane biological reaction tank, water passing through the algae biomembrane passes through a filtering device made of pebbles and granite, a flat microfiltration membrane is arranged at the water outlet of the filtering device for filtering, and the water filtered by the flat microfiltration membrane can be discharged or recycled after being detected to be qualified; collecting biogas from waste gas generated in the fermentation process, and dehydrating, desulfurizing, purifying and pressurizing the biogas for power generation; and other waste gases are discharged after harmless treatment.
2. The method for classifying and processing the household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the activated biological bacteria used in the fermentation process are selected from thermophilic bacteria with deodorization and sterilization functions, thermophilic bacteria with nitrogen fixation function, cellulose decomposition bacteria in a ratio of 3-5: 1: 1 in a certain proportion; the activation process is that each strain is firstly cultured in a culture medium for a period of time, when the growth cycle of the strain just enters the logarithmic phase, the strain is transferred into filter residue obtained by filtering fermentation wastewater for continuous culture, and when the growth cycle of the strain reaches the stationary phase, the strain can be used for fermenting the domestic garbage.
3. The method for terminal classification treatment of household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the whole process is controlled by an automatic control system; the bag breaking machine is connected with the inlet of the fermentation bin through the outlet, the outlet of the fermentation bin is connected with the sorting system, the garbage is conveyed by a belt before entering the bag breaking machine and conveyed by various materials after being sorted through a closed conveying channel, the garbage is in the fully-closed system in the pretreatment, fermentation and sorting processes, no peculiar smell is emitted, and the air quality is good.
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