CN110009738A - A kind of indoor three-dimensional expression model towards fire disaster emergency evacuation - Google Patents
A kind of indoor three-dimensional expression model towards fire disaster emergency evacuation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to geospatial information system technical fields, a kind of indoor three-dimensional expression model towards fire disaster emergency evacuation are provided, to provide model support for inside fire emergency evacuation path planning.The present invention includes: position data module, semantic data module, intensity of a fire parameter module, position data module includes absolute position indoor location abstract class, indoor location element, semantic data module includes entrance, unitary space, unitary space boundary, barrier and fire fighting device, the intensity of a fire parameter module includes the intensity of a fire parameter of entrance and unitary space, and three modules of association construct complete model.The present invention fully considers the factor that emergency evacuation is influenced under Fire Conditions: building location information, building semantic feature information and intensity of a fire parameter information, intelligence, safe and efficient fire constraint information are provided for user, to reduce the loss of fire bring to greatest extent.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to geospatial information system technical fields, relate generally to a kind of interior towards fire disaster emergency evacuation
Three-dimensional expression model.
Background technique
China is a building fire prone country, and in nearly ten or twenty year, fire hazard situation is severeer, has occurred that more
Great and wildfire is played, serious casualties and property losses are caused.To find out its cause, first is that China's economy is in height
Fast developing stage, the large size of modernization, high-rise public building continuously emerge, and form the upsurge of construction, and this kind of building arrangements are multiple
It is miscellaneous, various informative, the scale of construction is huge, personnel's undue concentration, thus the probability that sudden accident or disaster occur is higher；Second is that the masses
Security precautions are not enough, fire self-rescue knowledge is insufficient.From the statistical data of China's fire condition, nearest 20 years or so,
The Fire response in China and direct property loss constantly rise, and only in 2013, fire of high-rise building has just occurred 388000
It is secondary, it is total to cause 1637 people's injures and deaths, 7,100,000,000 RMB of property loss.The sternness of fire hazard situation has caused the Chinese government and society
How the extensive concern of all circles reduces building fire loss, ensures that life and property safety of people has become and compels to be essential at present
The key subjects conscientiously to study.
Further, since personnel can only investigate a certain range of temperature, smokescope etc. around itself when fire occurs
Sensory information can not spread situation, poison gas concentration by the passage situation, smog in path during fire early period of origination is determined and escaped
Etc. information, thus be difficult to determine optimal best-effort path, miss optimal escape opportunity, cause the unnecessary damage of personnel's property
It loses.
In conventional chamber in three-dimensional expression model (IndoorLoactionGML/IndoorGML/CityGML), CityGML makees
For the administrative model of the open standard alliance OGC city three-dimensional spatial information proposed, most of geographic object in city is defined,
And the semanteme to regional model, geometry, topology, appearance attribute etc. are described in detail, but have geography as CityGML
In terms of the model more attention or texture compression of space attribute, for example, being applied in fire hazard virtual reality mould
In quasi- device, fire drill is carried out under environment as true as possible to meet fire fighter, rather than fire disaster simulation analysis is this kind of empty
Between service.IndoorGML is a set of national standard that OGC is directed to that the interior space is formulated, and is a kind of description topological structure in itself
Data model, and navigation application proposes the concept of symbol space in faced chamber, and room is abstracted as a little, while will be between room
Channel be abstracted as side, so that the interior space of building is abstracted as topological network；However, IndoorGML is to the interior space
It is often directed to the static nature of building interior structure space in the abstract division of semantic hierarchies and multiple association, is still difficult to set up fire
The interactive process of space and dynamic behaviour during calamity emergency evacuation, and it is confined to geometric space analysis such as " shortest path "
Deng, it is difficult to cope with particular surroundings variation characteristic when inside fire occurs.IndoorLocationGML is by China according to GB/T
A set of national standard that the rule that 1.1-2009 is provided is drafted and formulated, indoor multidimensional needed for defining indoor positioning and navigation
Location information model, and indoor multi-dimensional position message identification language；IndoorLocationGML contain CityGML with
Position lacking in IndoorGML defines, expression, storage, transmission, distribution and room suitable for indoor multi-dimensional position information
The Seamless integration- application of inside and outside location information is publisher, manager, application person and the developer of indoor navigation and location-based service
Reference and foundation are provided.
Therefore, geometry, topology, semanteme, position and the indoor three-dimensional expression for taking into account architectural composition, scene of a fire situation are considered comprehensively
Model is most important to fire disaster emergency evacuation escape.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aims at a kind of indoor three-dimensional expression model towards fire disaster emergency evacuation is proposed, towards fire disaster emergency
Evacuation application, takes time, the semantic feature of fire disaster emergency into account, expands three-dimensional expression model in conventional chamber, meets an urgent need for inside fire
It evacuates path planning and model support is provided.
For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention:
A kind of indoor three-dimensional expression model towards fire disaster emergency evacuation, comprising: position data module, semantic data mould
Block, intensity of a fire parameter module, it is characterised in that:
The position data module includes abstract indoor location class, indoor location element, wherein the abstract indoor location
Class is the abstract class for being inherited from gml:AbstractFeatureType class, will as the base class of any other indoor location type
Time reference system, spatial frame of reference and life cycle are associated with indoor location object；The indoor location element is positional number
According to the root element of module；
The semantic data module includes entrance, unitary space, unitary space boundary, barrier and fire fighting device；Its
In, entrance element and unitary space element are transformed to the point of dual spaces by Poincaré duality, by unitary space boundary pair
Mutation is changed to the side of dual spaces, respectively constitutes path node element and section element, collectively constitutes path elements；
The intensity of a fire parameter module includes the intensity of a fire parameter of entrance and unitary space, and the intensity of a fire parameter includes CO2It is dense
Degree, temperature, smoke layer height and CO concentration, every kind of intensity of a fire parameter include title, value, time and indoor location attribute；
The intensity of a fire parameter model is associated with life cycle and indoor location element, and the path point element is joined by the intensity of a fire
Digital-to-analogue block is constrained, and the section element carries out semantic constraint by barrier element and fire fighting device element, collectively forms room
Interior three-dimensional expression model.
Further, the indoor location element by indoor absolute position and the elements polymerization of indoor relative position two and
At；The interior absolute position includes coordinate element；Interior relative position element is by geometric relative position and semantic locations
To identify, wherein the geometric relative position is by the geometric relative position description information mark comprising orientation values and apart from value attribute
Know, the semantic locations include floor, function, title, room number and semantic description, and the semantic locations description includes orientation
Description, distance relation, ordinal relation, object of reference and topological relation attribute.
Further, the entrance includes building inside door object and window object, respectively includes title, type, reachable
Property and indoor location attribute, wherein type attribute identify entrance whether be fire-proof doors and windows or anchor space door and window, reachability attribute
Indicate whether door and window can pass through；
The unitary space includes room and channel, and the room includes title, indoor location attribute, and the channel includes
Title, indoor location and type attribute, wherein type attribute includes horizontal channel and Vertical Channel, Vertical Channel include stair,
Vertical lift and staircase；
The unitary space boundary includes metope, ceiling and terrestrial components, respectively includes title, type, material, flammable
Property, indoor location attribute；
The barrier is for describing interior space barrier, including title, size, combustibility, indoor location attribute；
The fire fighting device includes title, type and indoor location attribute.
Further, the intensity of a fire parameter is passed in real time by sensor and was developed using fire model simulated fire
Journey two ways obtains.
Compared with prior art, a kind of indoor three-dimensional expression model towards fire disaster emergency evacuation provided by the present invention,
Fully consider under Fire Conditions influence emergency evacuation factor include building location information, building semantic feature information and
Intensity of a fire parameter information provides intelligence, safe and efficient fire constraint information for user, brings to reduce fire to greatest extent
Loss.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 indoor three-dimensional expression model schematic of the invention towards fire.
Semantic structure model schematic diagram Fig. 2 of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the invention will be further described:
The present embodiment provides a kind of indoor three-dimensional expression models towards fire disaster emergency evacuation, as shown in Figure 1, including position
Data module, semantic data module, intensity of a fire parameter module, three store building location information, building semantic information respectively
And fire semantic information, and interrelated, common constrained path node, mould is provided to find the optimal path of indoor emergency evacuation
Type basis.
The modeling method of the above-mentioned indoor three-dimensional expression model towards fire disaster emergency evacuation, comprising the following steps:
Step 1 is directed to given building, opens the model file of three-dimensional model building, can obtain building data
The fundamental of model generates building data model metadata；
Step 2 is based on indoor multi-dimensional position information model IndoorLocationGML, to the data model member being collected into
Data preparation is simultaneously expressed, and the position data module of fining is generated；
Step 2.1 establishes abstract indoor location class, for the base class of all expression indoor location types, and by time reference
System, spatial frame of reference and life cycle are associated with indoor location element；
Step 2.2 establishes indoor location element, is polymerized by indoor absolute position and indoor relative position two element；
Step 2.3 establishes indoor absolute position element to indicate the absolute position of an interior space, i.e., comprising a seat
Mark member usually indicates geometric coordinate of this indoor location in given coordinate reference system；
Relative position element is identified by geometric relative position and semantic locations in step 2.4 room, wherein geometry is with respect to position
It sets by the geometric relative position description information mark comprising orientation values and apart from value attribute；The semantic locations include floor, function
Energy, title, room number and semantic description, wherein the semantic locations description includes orientation description, distance relation, sequence
Relationship, object of reference and five attribute of topological relation composition；
Step 3, be based on all types of components of semantic classification information analytic modell analytical model, construct semantic data module, realize to towards
The extraction of the component semantic information of the indoor three-dimensional expression model of fire；As shown in Fig. 2, the present invention is by three-dimensional building model assembly
It is divided into entrance, unitary space, five class of unitary space boundary, barrier and fire fighting device；
Step 3.1 extracts intake assembly, including building inside door object and window object, except position attribution pair in addition room
Outside it is identified, addition name attribute mark is in order to directly search；Add whether type attribute mark entrance is fire-proof doors and windows
Or anchor space door and window；Addition reachability attribute indicates whether door and window can pass through；
Step 3.2 extraction unit space components, this component are inherited from IndoorGML, its semanteme is divided into room and is led to
Road.Room is identified by title, indoor location；The type attribute in channel is for distinguishing under horizontal channel and Vertical Channel type
Stair, vertical lift and staircase, the accessibility in channel when judging that fire occurs；
Step 3.3 space boundary surface is equally inherited in IndoorGML, for indicating metope, ceiling and terrestrial components,
Include title, type, material, combustibility, indoor location attribute；
Step 3.4 barrier mainly describes the barrier of influence personnel's rapid evacuation, therefore passes through addition size and flammable
Property attribute is identified shield elements, including title, size, combustibility, indoor location attribute；
Step 3.5 fire fighting device component usually plays positive effect to safety evacuation escape, therefore considers this part
Component effect, extracts it in buildings model, including title, type and indoor location attribute；
Step 4 determines that fire source information, the related intensity of a fire parameter of to acquisite approachs point are written in intensity of a fire parameter module；Wherein,
Path point is that unitary space element and entrance element pass through Poincaré duality transformation mapped node in semantic data module；
Intensity of a fire parameter mainly includes CO2Concentration, temperature, smoke layer height, four kinds of CO concentration；And intensity of a fire parameter is passed through into name
Title, value, time and indoor location attribute-bit, wherein name attribute stores monitored key node title；
Step 5, relative position data module, semantic data module and intensity of a fire parameter module construct completely towards fire
The indoor three-dimensional expression model of emergency evacuation realizes the constraint to path point and path side by three modules jointly, is fire
Evacuation path planning provides model and relies in emergency room；Specifically:
The intensity of a fire parameter model is associated with life cycle and indoor location element, indicates time and position that the intensity of a fire occurs
It sets；
Entrance element and unitary space element are transformed to the point of dual spaces by Poincaré duality, by unitary space
Boundary antithesis is the side of dual spaces, respectively constitutes path node element and section element, collectively constitutes in semantic data module
Path elements；The path point element is constrained by intensity of a fire parameter module, and the section element is by barrier element and disappears
Anti- infrastructure element carries out semantic constraint, and the optimal path under the common searching fire condition for user provides semantic constraint.
The detailed process of the Poincaré duality transformation are as follows: will using Poincaré duality transformation in the building data module
K dimension object conversion in N-dimensional space is transformed in dual spaces the object of (N-k) dimension, i.e., in corresponding dual spaces,
Three-dimensional element space (such as room) is converted to the node of zero dimension, two-dimensional border surface (such as building between two unitary spaces
Interior walls, door etc.) be converted to one-dimensional side, i.e., entrance, unitary space are pair by dualistic transformation in building data module
The point in even space, unitary space boundary dualistic transformation are the side of dual spaces, are respectively formed path node and section finally constitutes
Path.
To sum up, the present invention is by constructing position data module, language to three-dimensional model building data organization and management method
Adopted data module and intensity of a fire parameter module fully consider the element information that may influence emergency evacuation during fire occurs, obtain
Indoor three-dimensional expression model towards fire disaster emergency evacuation, the personnel in building that solve can not take multi-semantic meaning into account so that being difficult to pacify
The problem escaped entirely, to make it possible that the three-dimensional fire disaster emergency in interior intelligent, efficiently, safe is evacuated.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, any feature disclosed in this specification, except non-specifically
Narration, can be replaced by other alternative features that are equivalent or have similar purpose；Disclosed all features or all sides
Method or in the process the step of, other than mutually exclusive feature and/or step, can be combined in any way.
Claims (4)
1. it is a kind of towards fire disaster emergency evacuation indoor three-dimensional expression model, comprising: position data module, semantic data module,
Intensity of a fire parameter module, it is characterised in that:
The position data module includes abstract indoor location class, indoor location element, wherein the abstract indoor location class is made
For the base class of any other indoor location type, by time reference system, spatial frame of reference and life cycle and indoor location object
It is associated；
The semantic data module includes entrance, unitary space, unitary space boundary, barrier and fire fighting device；Wherein, out
Entry element and unitary space element are transformed to the point of dual spaces by Poincaré duality, are pair by unitary space boundary antithesis
The side in even space respectively constitutes path node element and section element, collectively constitutes path elements；
The intensity of a fire parameter module includes the intensity of a fire parameter of entrance and unitary space, and the intensity of a fire parameter includes CO2Concentration, temperature
Degree, smoke layer height and CO concentration, every kind of intensity of a fire parameter include title, value, time and indoor location attribute；
The intensity of a fire parameter model is associated with life cycle and indoor location element, and the path point element is by intensity of a fire parameter mould
Block is constrained, and the section element carries out semantic constraint by barrier element and fire fighting device element, collectively forms interior three
Tie up expression model.
2. by the indoor three-dimensional expression model towards fire disaster emergency evacuation described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the interior position
Element is set to be polymerized by indoor absolute position and indoor relative position two element；The interior absolute position includes coordinate member
Element；It is described interior relative position element identified by geometric relative position and semantic locations, wherein the geometric relative position by
Geometric relative position description information mark comprising orientation values and apart from value attribute, the semantic locations include floor, function, name
Claim, room number and semantic description, the semantic locations description include orientation description, distance relation, ordinal relation, object of reference and
Topological relation attribute.
3. by the indoor three-dimensional expression model towards fire disaster emergency evacuation described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the semanteme number
According in module, the entrance includes building inside door object and window object, respectively includes title, type, accessibility and interior
Position attribution, wherein whether type attribute mark entrance is fire-proof doors and windows or anchor space door and window, and reachability attribute indicates door and window
Whether can pass through；
The unitary space includes room and channel, and the room includes title, indoor location attribute, and the channel includes name
Title, indoor location and type attribute, wherein type attribute includes horizontal channel and Vertical Channel, and Vertical Channel includes stair, hangs down
Straight elevator and staircase；
The unitary space boundary includes metope, ceiling and terrestrial components, respectively include title, type, material, combustibility,
Indoor location attribute；
The barrier is for describing interior space barrier, including title, size, combustibility, indoor location attribute；
The fire fighting device includes title, type and indoor location attribute.
4. by the indoor three-dimensional expression model towards fire disaster emergency evacuation described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the intensity of a fire ginseng
Number is passed in real time by sensor and is obtained using fire model simulated fire development process two ways.
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