CN110009688A - A kind of infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric calibration method, system and remote sensing platform - Google Patents
A kind of infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric calibration method, system and remote sensing platform Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/80—Calibration
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric calibration method, system and remote sensing platforms, and the method includes obtaining the image data source for calculating radiant correction parameter；Centering low-light level area carries out Histogram Matching processing, obtains the relative detector calibration look-up table in middle low-light level section；The relative detector calibration look-up table between high luminance area is calculated using linear model.The above method solves the problems, such as that atural object is distributed inconsistent or atural object energy variation and discontinuously leads to image after radiant correction there are larger tonal distortions, and simplifies treatment process, reduces calculation amount.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to infrared remote sensing technologies more particularly to a kind of towards spaceborne or airborne remote sensing platform
Infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric correction method and system.
Background technique
Due to the limitation of existing manufacturing technology level and material, in infrared sensor, the response characteristic of each probe unit is not
It is completely the same, lead to the heterogeneity for having certain between pixel, makes occur the alternate striated of the depth in infrared image
Noise, these fringes noises greatly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of infrared remote sensing image, have seriously affected the accuracy of target detection.
Carrying out relative detector calibration to infrared image is the important channel to solve the above problems.Existing infrared image is opposite
Radiation correction method mainly includes two kinds: (1) using the calibrating method of infrared camera onboard process data；(2) it is obtained using in-orbit
The calibrating method that the earth surface image taken is counted.The atural object point for choosing image is limited by using the precision of in-orbit statistical scaling
Cloth uniformity and the ability of different brightness atural object covering, the scaling parameter often obtained can be introduced to the image after correction compared with
Big tonal distortion can largely change atural object although such tonal distortion not will cause the variation of atural object texture
Gray value, to hinder further increasing for infrared remote sensing picture quality.
Chinese patent literature CN104820970A discloses a kind of infrared image relative radiation based on in-orbit statistic of classification
Bearing calibration, this method obtain relative detector calibration coefficient as sample data using the raw video of in-orbit acquisition, will
The atural object of in-orbit image capturing is divided into high, normal, basic three brightness sections according to gray difference, carries out histogram to low-light level section
Matching is carried out least square fitting processing to intermediate brightness section, is calculated using linear model high luminance area, with respectively
Obtain radiant correction look-up table.This method solve use onboard process to be unable to satisfy high-precision due to calibration data
The problem of relative radiometric calibration demand.However, on the one hand, since this method is when carrying out image capturing, the institute of detector array
Have pixel that (as shown in Figure 1 pushes away the state of sweeping) is pushed away and swept along remote sensing platform heading, successively pass through vegetation, desert, city,
When the atural objects such as sea level, each spy member acquires image each independently, and therefore, each type of ground objects for visiting member acquisition can not
Completely the same, this will lead to the correction accuracy of look-up table and the type of atural object and distribution characteristics is highly relevant, be unfavorable for building system
One, accurate calibration model.On the other hand, this method handles to obtain spoke to intermediate brightness section progress least square fitting
Penetrating correction look-up table is the basis proposition that the photoelectric respone function based on intermediate light region pixel is linear model, but red
Outer image is different from visible image, does not have higher signal-to-noise ratio, therefore intermediate light region might not meet linearly
Model, larger change can be caused to the absolute DN value of target by being corrected processing in this way, be unfavorable for subsequent remote sensing
Quantitative Application.
Chinese patent literature CN109186777A discloses a kind of nonuniformity correction based on the in-orbit infrared image for pushing away and sweeping
Method, this method after being rotated by 90 ° according to detector array all pixels precorrection system is determined to the single image of same substar
Number, and according to the precorrection coefficient correction original image, but its precorrection coefficient is by carrying out blind element to the single image
Detection, and each pixel outside removal blind element is normalized to obtain to the response difference of the same substar
's.And known blind element detects and the generally existing operation of blind element compensation method is complicated, to the demanding problem of hardware circuit, leads
The case where causing the load burden of remote sensing satellite to increase, and can not detected there are the visible blind element of partial visual, thus
Just blind element can not quickly and effectively be corrected, it is poor to eventually lead to infrared image relative detector calibration precision.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, to provide a kind of infrared remote sensing image relative radiation based on in-orbit 90 degree rotation calibrations fixed by the present invention
Mark method, system and remote sensing platform, for realizing the high-precision relative detector calibration of remote sensing infrared image.
To realize that above-mentioned goal of the invention, the present invention use following technical solutions:
A kind of infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric calibration method, this method comprises:
Obtain the image data source for calculating radiant correction parameter；
Centering low-light level area carries out Histogram Matching processing, obtains the relative detector calibration look-up table in middle low-light level section；
The relative detector calibration look-up table between high luminance area is calculated using linear model.
In further embodiment, the data source is the band-like image data of slanted bar.
In further embodiment, the data source, the detector array setting are obtained by detector array
On remote sensing platform, when obtaining the data source, each probe unit arragement direction and remote sensing platform of the detector array
Heading it is consistent.
In further embodiment, the slope of the linear model be 1, intercept 0.
In further embodiment, the region to be captured chosen when obtaining image data source includes at least low-light level
The imaging atural object in region, intermediate light region.
In further embodiment, gain having the same and series when the image data source is imaged.
The present invention also provides a kind of infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric calibration system, which includes:
Image acquisition unit, for obtaining the image data source for calculating radiant correction parameter；
Computing unit, for calculating infra-red radiation correction parameter, comprising: the first computing module, the computing module by pair
Middle low-light level section carries out Histogram Matching processing, obtains the radiant correction look-up table in middle low-light level section；Second calculates mould
Block, the computing module use linear model, calculate the radiant correction look-up table between high luminance area.
In further embodiment, described image acquiring unit is used for single line column infrared image, and the single line column are red
Outer image includes all images visited member and carry out detection acquisition to same atural object of detector array.
In further embodiment, the computing unit further includes third computing module, the computing module by
It obtains and carries out the processing of transition section at the segmentation of staged radiant correction parameter, obtain between middle low-light level section and high luminance area it
Between transition section radiant correction look-up table.
The present invention also provides a kind of remote sensing platforms, including the detector array for obtaining single line column infrared image, use
It is referred in turntable, the driving mechanism for driving the turntable to rotate and the preceding solution for carrying the detector array
Infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric calibration system.
By adopting the above scheme, relative to existing relative radiometric calibration, the present invention is had the following technical effect that
(1) the remote sensing platforms upscaling data deficiencies such as satellite is efficiently solved, the setting of onboard process device is scouted with practical
There is deviation in the matching of target property；
(2) efficiently solving the inconsistent or atural object energy variation of atural object distribution discontinuously causes image after radiant correction to be deposited
The larger tonal distortion the problem of；
(3) using infrared image to atural object carry out classification processing, can effectively simulation infrared camera middle low-light level,
The phenomenon that high-brightness region non_uniform response；
(4) by using the mode of histogram-fitting, it is non-thread in middle low-light level area height that infrared camera can effectively be simulated
Property response characteristic.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the detector array in the present invention pushes away the state of sweeping and calibration state posture schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric calibration method flow diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric calibration composition schematic diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 (a), 4 (b) are the experimental result picture that infrared remote sensing image relative detector calibration is carried out using the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
Remote sensing platform according to the present invention can be it is airborne, such as airborne platform, aerospace craft airborne platform,
Either satellite remote sensing platform, i.e. Space-borne.
The remote sensing platform includes infrared image sensor, and in an embodiment of the present invention, which is to use
In the detector array for obtaining single line column infrared image.
Further, the remote sensing platform further include for carrying the detector array, and drive the detector array turn
Dynamic turntable, and the driving mechanism for driving the turntable to rotate.
Due to the limitation of manufacturing technology level and material, the response characteristic of each probe unit in the detector array
It is not quite identical, cause there are certain heterogeneity, to make occur the alternate striped of the depth in infrared image between each pixel
Shape noise.
To solve the above problems, as shown in Fig. 2, infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric calibration method packet proposed by the present invention
Include following steps:
Step 1: obtaining the data source that the band-like image data of slanted bar is sought as relative detector calibration parameter
The present invention obtains relative detector calibration coefficient as sample data using the raw video of in-orbit acquisition.With it is preceding
The sample data acquisition modes for stating patent document CN104820970A record are different, and the present invention utilizes remote sensing platform rotation function,
The in-orbit data source for obtaining the band-like image data of slanted bar and being sought as radiant correction parameter.
Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, the detector array 1 is in push away and sweep when carrying out conventional infrared image acquisition
State, heading of the arragement direction of each probe unit 11 transverse to remote sensing platform in the detector array 1.The state
Under, each probe unit of detector array 1 successively scans along heading and obtains the line maps such as ocean, city, vegetation, desert
Picture, to obtain a two-dimensional infrared remote sensing images.
When carrying out radiant correction, the detector array 1 is in calibration state, respectively detects in the detector array 1
Unit 11 is adjusted to arrange along the heading of remote sensing platform.According to an embodiment of the invention, when carrying out radiant correction, it is distant
The control unit control driving mechanism movement for feeling platform, drives the turntable to be rotated by 90 °, makes each in the detector array 1
The arragement direction of probe unit 11 and the heading of remote sensing platform are consistent.In this state, each in the detector array 1
Probe unit 11 is successively scanned same atural object, obtains infrared image, namely there is no photoelectricity to ring in each probe unit 11
Answer difference ideally, each 11 identical image data of available multiple groups of probe unit, corresponding intensity histogram
Figure distribution will be identical.
According to the in-orbit data source for obtaining radiant correction parameter and seeking of the above method, scan included in remote sensing image
Type of ground objects is abundant, and the gray scale dynamic range that satellite visits member is easily completely covered.And since atural object distribution has continuity,
The sample data of available continuous sampling point by the way of the rotation of whole star, to ensure that the complete correct of correction parameter
Property.
Meanwhile the data source that radiant correction parameter is sought is obtained using this method, it can be realized remote sensing platform, such as satellite
Radiant correction parameter can be just produced behind heaven immediately, can guarantee the timeliness of radiant correction parameter.
Preferred embodiment according to the present invention, it is contemplated that choose the abundant degree of atural object, the region to be captured of selection should
Including at least low brightness area, the imaging atural object in intermediate light region, it is corresponding represent atural object be respectively ocean, city and
Desert.
Further, it carries out to have when whole star rotation obtains sample image, i.e. satellite imagery under identical screening-mode
There are identical gain and series.
Further, the acquisition time interval of different zones image should should be short as far as possible, to prevent from visiting first photoelectric respone letter
Number changes.
The present invention obtains the data source that relative detector calibration parameter is sought, each ash visiting member and obtaining using the above method
It is essentially the same to spend feature, and terrestrial object information is abundant, its grey scale change of the sample point of acquisition is continuous, and effective quantity is enough, makes
Relative detector calibration look-up table can be sought in such a way that centering low brightness area takes Histogram Matching by obtaining.
Step 2: centering low-light level area carries out Histogram Matching processing, obtains the relative detector calibration in middle low-light level section
Look-up table
By the way that by each Histogram Matching to multi-scale HoGC for visiting member, available each histogram for visiting member is looked into
Look for table.For Histogram Matching algorithm, all multi-scale HoGCs for visiting member are exactly it is expected histogram, establish look-up table
Principle is the probability density function of each multi-scale HoGC for visiting member and the probability density of desired histogram after making matching treatment
Function is identical.
In the present invention, such as can be using method described in patent document CN104820970A, to the in-orbit shadow of satellite
Atural object as obtaining equally uses K mean algorithm, to the in-orbit shadow of satellite according to gray difference progress senior middle school's low-light level classification
The atural object that picture obtains is classified according to gray difference, is divided between low-light level section, intermediate luminance section and high luminance area, and
Obtain the turning point of Stepwise calibration.
Specifically, the atural object to the in-orbit image capturing of satellite is classified according to gray difference, to obtain segmentation school
Positive turning point, comprising:
(1) center of a sample's value m1, m2, m3 initialization are clustered；
(2) the cluster distribution of K mean algorithm is carried out to each sample；
(3) central value of each cluster is recalculated；
(4) step (2) and step (3) are repeated until the central value of each cluster no longer changes, can be obtained at this time low
It is bright, in bright, highlighted piecewise interval: [0, Dl], [Dl,Dh], [Dh,Dmax]。
But with aforementioned patent literature CN104820970A the difference is that the present invention is for middle low-light level section [0, Dh],
It is handled by Histogram Matching and obtains correction coefficient, the specific method is as follows:
Step 21: the probability density function of each histogram for visiting member in low-light level section in calculating；
When the first gray value of each spy is k, corresponding probability density function pk are as follows:
Wherein, nkPixel number when the gray value for visiting member thus is k, njVisiting first gray value thus is the pixel that j is
Number.
Step 22: the probability density function of the expectation histogram in low-light level section in calculating；
The probability density function S of the expectation histogram in middle low-light level sectionkAre as follows:
Wherein, r is enabledjIndicate all pixel numbers visited gray value in member and be j, N indicates the quantization digit of image.
Step 23: according to the probability density function and desired probability density function for visiting member, low-light level section in calculating
Radiant correction parameter.
A gray value L is looked on desired probability density function, so that Sl≤pk≤Sl+1；
When | pk-Sl|-|pk-Sl+1| when≤0, then gray value k is replaced with gray value l；
When | pk-Sl|-|pk-Sl+1| when > 0, then gray value k is replaced with gray value l+1.
Handling all spy members with this method can be obtained by low brightness area look-up table in corresponding.
It seeks whether look-up table has high correction accuracy using above-mentioned steps 2, depends on a necessary precondition,
I.e. all imaging types of ground objects for visiting member are consistent.And the present invention utilizes the rotation of detector array 1 90 in abovementioned steps 1
Degree obtains the data source that radiant correction parameter is sought, and can be good at meeting the data acquisition conditions.Therefore, the present invention passes through
The relative detector calibration look-up table in low-light level section, can guarantee that correction accuracy is excellent in the step 1, the acquisition of the method for step 2
In existing processing method.
Step 3: calculating the radiant correction look-up table between high luminance area using linear model.
Analysis is carried out to practical in-orbit image to find, member is visited in this section due to energy abundance in high brightness photosensitive region
Photoelectric respone function in region tends to the relationship of 1:1.Therefore, to high brightness photosensitive region, the present invention uses slope for 1, cuts
Away from being handled for 0 linear model, keep input and the relationship of output 1:1 constant.
The above method carries out segment processing to brightness section, in the process, it is possible to can encounter radiant correction parameter and exist
The phenomenon that edge is broken, and the intensity profile of atural object is a continuous function.
To solve this problem, the present invention further comprises step 4: to the radiant correction look-up table obtained after processing into
The transition section of row turning point is handled.The step 4 at the segmentation for obtaining staged radiant correction parameter by carrying out transition section
Processing, to guarantee the continuity of radiant correction parameter intensity profile.
The specific processing method of step 4 includes:
Firstly, respectively taking predetermined quantity before and after waypoint is d gray value as changeover portion.Reality according to the present invention
Apply example, d 5-10, preferably 5.
Then, transition section [D is selectedl-d,Dl+ d], gain K ' is sought by the way of straight line fitting1With biasing C '1,
By taking d is 5 as an example:
Wherein,It is low side section in gray value DlCorresponding gray value after+5 corrections；For low side
Section is in gray value DlCorresponding gray value after -5 corrections.
The gain and biasing are the radiant correction coefficient in transition section.
Step 5: relative detector calibration being carried out to image using above-mentioned look-up table.
Above-mentioned infrared image Calibration Method provided by the invention, on the one hand, by the way that detector array to be rotated by 90 °
The in-orbit data source for obtaining radiant correction parameter and seeking, the sample point grey scale change of acquisition is continuous, and effective quantity is enough,
Atural object is efficiently solved to be distributed inconsistent or atural object energy variation discontinuously to cause after radiant correction image to exist abnormal compared with high-gray level
The problem of change, ensure that the accuracy that centering low-light level section takes the mode of Histogram Matching to seek look-up table.
On the other hand, the present invention is by by middle low-light level section merging treatment, by using the mode of histogram-fitting,
Infrared camera can effectively be simulated in middle low-light level area nonlinearity response characteristic.Meanwhile above-mentioned place compared with the existing technology
Reason process and calculation amount all greatly simplify, and the calibration result obtained is more preferable.
The present invention further also discloses a kind of infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric calibration system 100, which includes figure
As acquiring unit 10, computing unit 20.
For described image acquiring unit 10 for obtaining single line column infrared image, the single line column infrared image includes alignment
All images visited member and carry out detection acquisition to same atural object of detector；
The computing unit 20 is connect with described image acquiring unit 10, for according to aforementioned infrared image radiation calibration
Method calculates infra-red radiation correction parameter, obtains infra-red radiation and corrects look-up table.
Wherein, the single line column infrared image is to be adjusted to put down along remote sensing by its each probe unit 101 by detector array
It is obtained in the state of the arrangement of platform heading.
The computing unit 20 includes: the first computing module 201, the computing module 201 by centering low-light level section into
Column hisgram matching treatment obtains the radiant correction look-up table in middle low-light level section；Second computing module 202, the computing module
202 the use of slope is 1, the linear model that intercept is 0, calculates the radiant correction look-up table between high luminance area.
Further, the computing unit 20 further includes third computing module 203, and the computing module 203 is by obtaining
The processing of transition section is carried out at the segmentation of staged radiant correction parameter, is obtained between middle low-light level section and high luminance area
The radiant correction look-up table in transition section.
Further, which further includes storage unit 30, for storing the image of the acquisition of described image acquiring unit 10
And the infra-red radiation correction parameter that the computing unit 20 obtains.
Remote sensing platform disclosed by the invention includes above-mentioned infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric calibration system 100, wherein infrared
Imaging sensor is used to acquire the infrared image of ground object target.In an embodiment of the present invention, which is to use
In the detector array for obtaining single line column infrared image.
Further, the remote sensing platform further include for carrying the detector array, and drive the detector array turn
Dynamic turntable, and the driving mechanism for driving the turntable to rotate.
When carrying out relative detector calibration, the control unit of remote sensing platform controls the driving mechanism and drives the turntable
It is rotated by 90 °, to be calibration state by 1 pose adjustment of detector array, makes respectively to detect in the detector array 1 single
The arragement direction of member 11 is consistent with the heading of remote sensing platform, and each probe unit 11 is successively to same in the detector array 1
One atural object is scanned, and obtains infrared image.
Relative detector calibration experiment, experiment knot have been carried out to the present invention using the infrared remote sensing image of space platform acquisition
Fruit is as shown in the figure.Wherein, Fig. 4 (a) is original infrared remote sensing image, and Fig. 4 (b) is the infrared remote sensing after the corresponding correction of Fig. 4 (a)
Image.It can be seen that atural object is clear in infrared remote sensing image by relative detector calibration, contrast is high, therefore side of the present invention
Method can effectively improve the quality and resolution of infrared remote sensing image.
Infrared image Calibration Method provided by the present invention based on in-orbit 90 degree rotation calibrations is mainly removal
Fringes noise in infrared remote sensing image promotes infrared remote sensing picture quality and specially proposes.It will be clear that institute in this specification
The Calibration Method of description is also applied for the relative radiometric calibration behaviour of common imaging devices image as captured by digital camera
Make, acquired beneficial effect is also similar.
Infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric calibration method provided by the present invention, system have been carried out specifically above
Bright, what is do not elaborated belongs to the ordinary skill in the art.Meanwhile although specification carries out the above method, system
It is described in detail, it is apparent that protecting model defined by the appended claims not departing from the scope of the invention is not limited to this
In the case where enclosing, various changes of the invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric calibration method, which is characterized in that this method comprises:
Obtain the image data source for calculating radiant correction parameter；
Centering low-light level area carries out Histogram Matching processing, obtains the relative detector calibration look-up table in middle low-light level section；
The relative detector calibration look-up table between high luminance area is calculated using linear model.
2. infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric calibration method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the data source is
The band-like image data of slanted bar.
3. infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric calibration method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: pass through alignment
Detector obtains the data source, and the detector array is arranged on remote sensing platform, when obtaining the data source, the line
Each probe unit arragement direction of row detector is consistent with the heading of remote sensing platform.
4. infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric calibration method according to claim 1-3, it is characterised in that: described
The slope of linear model is 1, intercept 0.
5. infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric calibration method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: obtain image data
The region to be captured chosen when source includes at least the imaging atural object of low brightness area, intermediate light region.
6. infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric calibration method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the image data
Gain having the same and series when source is imaged.
7. a kind of infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric calibration system, which is characterized in that the system includes:
Image acquisition unit, for obtaining the image data source for calculating radiant correction parameter；
Computing unit, for calculating infra-red radiation correction parameter, comprising: the first computing module, the computing module are low by centering
Brightness section carries out Histogram Matching processing, obtains the radiant correction look-up table in middle low-light level section；Second computing module, the meter
It calculates module and uses linear model, calculate the radiant correction look-up table between high luminance area.
8. infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric calibration system according to claim 7, which is characterized in that
Described image acquiring unit is used for single line column infrared image, and the single line column infrared image includes all spies of detector array
Member carries out the image of detection acquisition to same atural object.
9. infrared remote sensing image relative radiometric calibration system according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the computing unit
It further include third computing module, the computing module at the segmentation for obtaining staged radiant correction parameter by carrying out at transition section
Reason, obtains the radiant correction look-up table in the transition section between middle low-light level section and high luminance area.
10. a kind of remote sensing platform, including for obtaining single line column infrared image detector array, visit for carrying the alignment
Turntable, the driving mechanism for driving the turntable to rotate and the preceding claims 7-9 for surveying device are described in any item infrared distant
Feel image relative radiometric calibration system.
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