CN110006304B - Node deviation measuring instrument, manufacturing method thereof and node deviation measuring method - Google Patents
Node deviation measuring instrument, manufacturing method thereof and node deviation measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110006304B CN110006304B CN201910295651.0A CN201910295651A CN110006304B CN 110006304 B CN110006304 B CN 110006304B CN 201910295651 A CN201910295651 A CN 201910295651A CN 110006304 B CN110006304 B CN 110006304B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a node deviation measuring instrument, a manufacturing method thereof and a measuring method of node deviation, wherein the node deviation measuring instrument is used for measuring the deviation of a cross joint, the cross joint is provided with a first plate, a second plate and a middle plate, the surface of the middle plate facing the second plate is provided with an actual reference line for marking the relative position of the first plate, and the node deviation measuring instrument comprises: a reference rim positioned on a surface of the middle plate of the cross joint; the datum point is located at the datum edge and is indirectly positioned at the intersection point of the surface of the middle plate and the surface of the first plate of the cross joint; a measuring rim parallel to the surface of the second plate of the spider. The node deviation measuring instrument realizes indirect positioning with the first plate through the reference point positioned on the reference edge, so that the node deviation measuring instrument can be positioned relative to the first plate and the third plate of the cross joint under the condition that the node deviation measuring instrument is not in direct contact with the first plate, and the problem that the node deviation measuring instrument cannot be used when the middle plates are continuous is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ship manufacturing, in particular to a node deviation measuring instrument, a manufacturing method thereof and a node deviation measuring method.
Background
In the whole ship structure construction, there are a large number of cross joints (also called nodes) composed of three steel plates, an upper, a middle and a lower, and if these cross joints are located in critical areas or critical positions of the ship, the centering of the center lines of the three steel plates must be strictly controlled when they are assembled.
As shown in FIG. 1, three plates (P) of the cross joint 101、P2、P3) When the central lines L are intersected at one point, the natural transmission of force is more facilitated, and the stress concentration caused by structural discontinuity is reduced, so that the node can be reducedAnd (4) dealing with the risk of structural failure.
In the actual manufacturing process of the ship body, in order to detect the deviation condition of the cross joint on site, a node deviation measuring instrument with three reference edges is used, wherein two reference edges are sequentially abutted against the surfaces of two plates of the cross joint, and whether the cross joint meets the requirement is judged according to the actual distance between the third reference edge and the surface of the other plate.
However, even if the cross joint is arranged at different positions in the same ship body, the thickness of three plates of the cross joint varies. Therefore, for the cross joint having different plate thicknesses, the corresponding pitch measurement instruments must be manufactured, and the number of pitch measurement instruments is large, so that the management of the pitch measurement instruments is difficult, and the universal applicability is not provided.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the cross joint 10 at the sloping plate of the bottom pier of the trough-shaped transverse bulkhead in the cargo compartment is taken as an example, and the third plate P thereof3The (i.e., middle) plate is continuous, and therefore, the conventional nodal deviation measurement instrument made of three reference edges cannot perform positioning measurement on the three plate surfaces of such a cross.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a node deviation measuring instrument, a manufacturing method thereof and a node deviation measuring method, aiming at overcoming the defect that the node deviation measuring instrument in the prior art cannot measure a cross joint with a continuous middle plate and has poor universality.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
a nodal deviation measurement instrument for measuring deviation of a spider having a first plate, a second plate, and an intermediate plate, a surface of the intermediate plate facing the second plate having an actual reference line indicating a relative position of the first plate, the nodal deviation measurement instrument comprising:
a datum lip positioned on a surface of a middle plate of the cross joint;
a datum point located at the datum edge, the datum point being located indirectly at a surface intersection of a middle plate and a first plate of the cross joint;
a measuring lip parallel to a surface of the second plate of the spider.
The node deviation measuring instrument realizes indirect positioning with the first plate through the reference point on the reference edge, so that the node deviation measuring instrument can also be positioned relative to the first plate and a third plate (middle plate) of the cross joint under the condition that the node deviation measuring instrument is not in direct contact with the first plate, and the problem that the node deviation measuring instrument which realizes positioning by means of the mode that two reference edges are attached to the surfaces of the two plates and the other reference edge is parallel to the surface of the other plate cannot be used when the third plate is continuous is solved, so that the cross joint with a special structure cannot realize measurement by means of the node deviation measuring instrument with three reference edges.
A method for manufacturing a nodal deviation measuring instrument, which is used for manufacturing the nodal deviation measuring instrument when the middle plates of the cross joint are continuous, wherein the method for manufacturing the nodal deviation measuring instrument comprises the following steps:
s1, assuming that the central planes of the three plates of the cross joint intersect on a line, cutting the three plates of the cross joint by a plane perpendicular to the line, and taking the obtained section as the design reference of the measuring instrument;
s2, setting an initial reference point on one side surface of the middle plate of the cross joint facing the first plate, wherein the distance between the initial reference point and the intersection point of the surfaces of the first plate and the middle plate is a set distance E;
s3, mapping the initial reference point to the other side surface of the middle plate along the plate thickness direction of the middle plate to form an actual reference point;
s4, taking the central line of the first plate, the central line of the second plate and the central line of the middle plate as a whole, moving along the central line direction of the first plate, and enabling the central line of the middle plate to coincide with the actual reference point;
s5, moving the central line of the first plate, the central line of the second plate and the central line of the middle plate as a whole along the central line direction of the middle plate to enable the central line of the first plate to be overlapped with the surface of the first plate;
and S6, making the central line of the second plate parallel to the measuring edge of the node deviation measuring instrument, making the surface of the middle plate facing the second plate coincide with the reference edge of the node deviation measuring instrument, and making the actual reference point coincide with the reference point of the node deviation measuring instrument to manufacture the node deviation measuring instrument, wherein the distance between the measuring edge of the node deviation measuring instrument and the central line of the second plate is the sum of the distance of the central line of the second plate twice moving through the steps S4 and S5 and the additional distance c.
By translating the centre lines of three plates of the cross joint to form
Preferably, the additional distance c is greater than or equal to 0.
Preferably, the additional distance c is less than or equal to half the thickness of the thickest plate of the cross joint.
Preferably, the set distance E ranges from 50mm to 200 mm.
A node deviation measuring method using the node deviation measuring instrument as described above, the node deviation measuring method comprising the steps of:
s1, setting an actual reference line on the surface of the middle plate facing to the second plate according to the position of the first plate relative to the middle plate;
s2, abutting a datum edge of a node deviation measuring instrument against the surface of the middle plate of the cross joint, aligning the datum edge of the node deviation measuring instrument with the actual reference line, and measuring the actual distance a between a measuring edge and the edge of the second plate of the cross joint;
s3, acquiring additional distance c of measuring edge of node deviation measuring instrument and thickness t of first plate of cross joint1A thickness t of the second plate2A thickness t of the intermediate plate3An included angle beta between the first plate and the middle plate and an included angle theta between the second plate and the middle plate are calculated, and a reference deviation a of the second plate is calculated2The reference deviation a2The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: k is a shape factor, and if the intermediate plates are continuous, k is 1; if the intermediate plate is discontinuous, k is 0;
s4, according to the reference deviation a2And judging the deviation condition of the cross joint according to the actual distance a.
The measurement method and the calculation formula can be used for calculating the deviation no matter how many the measured included angles between the cross joints are, no matter whether the middle plate is discontinuous or continuous, as long as the cross joint consists of the upper plate, the lower plate and the upper plate, so that the universality of measuring the node deviation of the cross joint by using the node deviation measuring instrument is improved, the calculation formula for additionally deriving the reference deviation value is not needed, the derivation time is saved, and the difficulty in understanding caused by different formulas derived by different people is avoided.
Preferably, in step S4: by allowing a maximum deviation a2maxAnd allowed minimum deviation a2minJudging the deviation condition of the cross joint,
the maximum allowable deviation a2maxThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
the allowable minimum deviation a2minThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
preferably, after the actual reference line of the cross joint is mapped back to the other side along the middle plate of the cross joint, the distance between the actual reference line and the intersection line of the first plate and the middle plate of the cross joint is a set distance E, and the step S1 further includes the following steps:
s01, arranging an initial reference line on the surface of one side, facing the first plate, of the middle plate of the cross joint along the length direction of the cross joint, wherein the distance between the initial reference line and the intersection line of the surfaces of the first plate and the middle plate is the set distance E;
and S02, reversing the initial reference line to the other side surface of the middle plate along the plate thickness direction of the middle plate to form an actual reference line.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows:
in the node deviation measuring instrument, the manufacturing method thereof and the measuring method of the node deviation, the node deviation measuring instrument realizes indirect positioning with the first plate through the reference point positioned on the reference edge, so that the node deviation measuring instrument can be positioned relative to the first plate and the third plate of the cross joint under the condition of not directly contacting with the first plate, and the problem that the node deviation measuring instrument which realizes positioning by means of attaching to the surface of the plate cannot be used when the third plate (middle plate) is continuous is solved, and the cross joint with a special structure cannot realize measurement by the node deviation measuring instrument.
On the basis, a universal node deviation measuring method is provided, no matter how many included angles between the measured cross joints are, no matter whether the middle plate is discontinuous or continuous, the deviation can be measured and calculated by using the measuring method and the calculation formula as long as the cross joint consists of an upper plate, a lower plate and an upper plate, so that the universality of measuring the node deviation of the cross joint by using the node deviation measuring instrument is improved, the calculation formula of a reference deviation value does not need to be deduced additionally, the derivation time is saved, and the difficulty in understanding caused by different formulas deduced by different people is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram (one) of a cross joint in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram (two) of a cross joint in the prior art.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a trough-shaped transverse bulkhead and bottom pier of the invention.
FIG. 4 shows a cross joint Z according to example 1 of the present invention1Schematic plan view of (a).
FIG. 5 shows the present inventionCross joint Z of example 11Schematic diagram of the first overall movement of (1).
FIG. 6 shows a cross joint Z according to example 1 of the present invention1Schematic diagram of the second overall movement.
FIG. 7 shows a cross joint Z according to example 1 of the present invention2Schematic diagram of the second overall movement.
FIG. 8 shows a cross joint Z according to example 1 of the present invention2Schematic diagram (a) of node deviation measurement.
FIG. 9 shows a cross joint Z according to example 1 of the present invention2Schematic diagram (b) of node deviation measurement.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a method for manufacturing a node deviation measuring instrument according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a node deviation measuring instrument according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic plan view of a oldham joint Z according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic view of a method for manufacturing a node deviation measuring instrument according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Prior Art
Center line L
The invention
Nodal deviation measuring instrument 20
Measuring edge 23
Cross joint Z, Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4
Thickness t of first plate1Center line L1
Thickness t of the second plate2Center line L2
Thickness t of third plate3Center line L3
Setting the distance E, adding the distance c
Initial ginsengExamination point D0True reference point D1
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 3, a plurality of cross joints (Z) in the cargo hold area of a 21-million-ton bulk carrier are arranged below1、Z2、Z3、Z4) For example, in this embodiment, the cross joint Z is first discontinuous with the intermediate plate (third plate)1As a study object.
The first step is as follows: to facilitate observation, node Z is connected to1The centre lines of the first plate, the second plate and the third plate and the included angles between them on the same side, i.e. the included angle beta of the first plate and the third plate, and the included angle theta of the second plate and the third plate are enlarged and indicated, assuming that their centre lines intersect at a point, see fig. 4.
The second step is that: taking the state of the central lines of the three plates intersecting at one point as a reference point, taking the intersection point as a base point, and synchronously taking the central lines of the three plates as a whole along the central line L of the first plate1Move downwards and make the central line L of the third plate3Coinciding with its lower edge, see fig. 5.
The third step: calculating the center line L of the second plate after the movement in FIG. 5 according to equation (1)2M1With the original central line L2A distance a between21. In which t is3Is the thickness of the third plate.
The fourth step: on the basis of the second step, the central lines of the three plates are integrally and synchronously moved leftwards along the lower edge of the third plate, and the central line L of the first plate is made1Coinciding with its left edge, see fig. 6.
The fifth step: calculating the center line L of the second plate after the first global movement in FIG. 6 according to equation (2)2M1And the center line of the second plate after the second integral movementL2M2A distance a between22. Wherein, t1Is the thickness of the first plate.
And a sixth step: calculating the center line L of the second plate after the second global movement in FIG. 6 according to equation (3)2M2And the left edge of the second plate by a distance a2Obtaining:
similarly, the node Z in FIG. 3 can be calculated according to the above formula (3)2After the second movement, the center line L of the second plate2M2And the left edge of the second plate by a distance a2As shown in fig. 7.
The seventh step: based on the reference deviation formula calculated by the formula (3), the deviation a between the intersection points of the plate center lines of the cross joint cannot be larger than the minimum of 1/3 and 5mm of the minimum plate thickness of three plates according to the regulation of the common structure standard of the tanker and the bulk carrier established by IACS (international society of shipping classification), that is: -min (t)1/3，t2/3，t3/3，5)≤a≤min(t1/3，t2/3，t3And/3, 5), obtaining the maximum value and the minimum value of the intersection point deviation of the plate center lines, and obtaining a formula (4) and a formula (5):
maximum deviation allowed:
minimum deviation allowed:
eighth step: with node Z in FIG. 32For example, after the second overall movement, the center line positions of three plates are set as references (see fig. 7)And fig. 8) to make a nodal deviation meter 20. The nodal deviation measuring instrument 20 has a first reference edge 201, a second reference edge 202 and a measuring edge 23 to correspond to the surfaces of the three plates of the cross joint, respectively, the first reference edge 201 and the second reference edge 202 abut against the lower edge of the third plate and the right edge of the second plate, respectively, the measuring edge 23 coincides with the center line of the second plate after the second integral movement, and thereafter, in the actual measuring work for the cross joint, the actual a can be measured using a measuring tool such as a tape measure or the like2Wherein the specific measurement mode can be seen in fig. 8.
The ninth step: taking into account the second plate centre line L after the second global movement2M2May be too close to the right edge of the second plate, making the reading inconvenient for the nodal deviation meter 20 to measure; considering that the minimum value may be negative and thus cannot be measured, the measuring edge 23 of the deviation measuring instrument manufactured above may be moved a certain distance away from the second plate, and the distance may be 0-15 mm, but is not necessarily larger than half the thickness of the thickest plate in all nodes with the same angle, see the additional distance c in fig. 9 (because the additional distance c is introduced, the calculation formulas of the deviation reference value, the maximum value and the minimum value calculated by the formulas (3), (4) and (5) are correspondingly changed as follows:
reference deviation:
maximum deviation allowed:
minimum deviation allowed:
example 2
For the cross joint Z shown in FIG. 33And Z4Since the third plate (intermediate plate) thereof is continuous, the first plate of the oldham coupling shown in fig. 8 cannot be reusedThe right edge of the plate and the lower edge of the third plate fix the nodal deviation measurement instrumentation 20.
As shown in FIG. 10, the cross joint Z is used in this embodiment4For example. In this case, the upper surface of the third plate (intermediate plate) can be utilized for measurement. However, the positioning condition of only the upper surface of the third plate cannot completely position the nodal deviation measuring apparatus 20, and therefore, a positioning condition must be found.
In this embodiment, for such a node, an initial reference point D may be drawn on the lower surface of the third plate a set distance E from the intersection of the surfaces of the first and third plates0The set distance E is preferably in the range of 50mm to 200mm, for example 100mm in the present embodiment, and thus is neither too long nor too short. Thereafter, an initial reference point D is set in the plate thickness direction of the third plate0Is mapped onto the upper surface of the third plate to form an actual reference point D1. In addition, in order to enable the node deviation measuring instrument 20 to be manufactured subsequently and be capable of being compared with the actual reference point D1Correspondingly, point a can be found on the center line of the third plate, so that a is at a distance equal to the set value (e.g., 100mm) of the reference point from the intersection of the center lines of the three plates.
Then, the center lines and points A of the three plates are taken as a whole, and the intersection point is taken as a reference, and the center line L of the first plate is taken as a reference1Moving in the direction of the center line L of the third plate3Coinciding with the upper surface of the third plate.
Then, the third plate is moved rightwards along the upper surface of the third plate to enable the center line L of the first plate to move rightwards1Coinciding with the right edge of the first panel.
After the second movement, point A reaches the actual reference point D1Is located. The position of the centre lines of the three plates shown in FIG. 10, and the actual reference point D (coinciding with point A)1As a reference, the node deviation measuring instrument 20 is manufactured. Specifically, the centerline of the second plate is located at L after the second movement2M2Position parallel to or coincident with the measuring edge 23 of the nodal deviation meter 20, and the reference edge 21 of the nodal deviation meter 20 is coincident with the upper edge of the third plate, the reference edge21 are provided with reference points 22, the reference points 22 being aligned with the actual reference point D1In order to solve the problem that the cross joint having a special structure cannot be used by the nodal deviation measuring instrument 20 because the nodal deviation measuring instrument 20 which is positioned by being attached to the surfaces of three plates cannot be used when the third plate (intermediate plate) is continuous, even when the nodal deviation measuring instrument 20 is positioned with respect to the first plate and the third plate of the cross joint without directly contacting the first plate by using the reference edge 21 and the reference point 22.
Wherein the measuring edge 23 of the nodal deviation measuring instrument 20 is aligned with the centerline L of the second plate2M2The distance between the two nodes can also be 0-15 mm as described in embodiment 1, but is not necessarily larger than half the thickness of the thickest plate in all nodes with the same angle, i.e. the additional distance c indicated in fig. 10.
In the present embodiment, the lower surface of the third plate is a structured surface (i.e., a plate surface of the mounting structure), while the upper surface is an unstructured surface (i.e., a plate surface having no or little mounting structure), which facilitates the abutment of the reference edge 21 of the nodal deviation measurement instrument 20.
As shown in fig. 11, which is a schematic structural diagram of the nodal deviation measuring apparatus 20, the nodal deviation measuring apparatus 20 includes a reference edge 21, a reference point 22 and a measuring edge 23. It should be specifically noted that the positioning between the reference point 22 and the intersection point is indirect positioning, that is, an auxiliary line related to the position of the intersection point is drawn on the surface of the middle plate. Taking this embodiment as an example, the datum point 22 passes through and is actually the reference point D1Direct alignment to function as an indirect location of the intersection with the surface of the intermediate plate and the first plate.
The nodal deviation measuring instrument 20 realizes indirect positioning with the first plate through the reference point 22 positioned on the reference edge 21, so that the nodal deviation measuring instrument 20 can realize positioning relative to the first plate and the third plate of the cross joint under the condition of not directly contacting with the first plate, and the problem that the nodal deviation measuring instrument 20 which realizes positioning by means of adhering to the surfaces of the three plates cannot be used when the third plate (middle plate) is continuous is solved, and the cross joint with a special structure cannot realize measurement by the nodal deviation measuring instrument 20.
In addition, the present embodiment further provides a node deviation measuring method, which uses the node deviation measuring instrument 20 to measure the deviation of the cross joint under the condition that the third version (middle plate) is continuous, and specifically includes the following steps:
firstly, according to the position of a first plate of the cross joint relative to a third plate, arranging an actual reference line on the surface of the third plate, which faces to one side of the second plate;
thereafter, the reference edge 21 of the nodal deviation measurement apparatus 20 is abutted against the surface of the third plate of the cross joint, wherein the reference point 22 of the nodal deviation measurement apparatus 20 is aligned with the actual reference line, and the actual distance a of the measurement edge 23 thereof from the edge of the second plate of the cross joint is measured;
then, the thickness t of the first plate of the cross joint is determined by the additional distance c between the measuring edge 23 and the centre line of the second plate1A thickness t of the second plate2A thickness t of the third plate3Calculating the reference deviation a of the second plate by the included angle beta between the first plate and the third plate and the included angle theta between the second plate and the third plate2The reference deviation a2The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
reference deviation:
in addition, it is also possible to obtain the maximum value and the minimum value of the plate center line intersection point deviation in the case where the third plate is continuous, in accordance with the formula (4) and the formula (5) in embodiment 1:
maximum deviation allowed:
minimum deviation allowed:
finally, the reference deviation a2From the actual distance a, or further, the maximum deviation a will be allowed2maxAnd allowed minimum deviation a2minAnd comparing the actual distance a to judge the deviation condition of the cross joint.
In addition, in the method for measuring the node deviation, the step of providing the actual reference line on the surface of the third plate facing the second plate may specifically include the following steps:
in a first step, an initial reference line is set along the length direction of the cross joint on the surface of the third plate of the cross joint facing the first plate. The initial reference line is set to a distance E from the intersection of the surfaces of the first and third plates to plot the initial reference point D in FIG. 100The predetermined intervals correspond.
In a second step, the initial reference line is reversed (i.e., mapped to a reverse-side corresponding position) to the other side surface of the third plate in the plate thickness direction of the third plate to form an actual reference line. This actual reference line is used for alignment of the reference point 22 of the nodal deviation meter 20 when measuring the cross.
Example 3
In the head-tail cargo hold of the bulk cargo ship, key nodes formed by bottom side hold sloping plates, outer plate rib lower end brackets and rib plates in the bottom side hold are more special, as shown in fig. 12. The third plate (middle plate) of this critical spider is also continuous, but the centre line L of the first plate1And the center line L of the second plate2Completely coincident with, but in line with, the centre line L of the third plate3Are all skew. For such critical cross joints, the deviation measurement must also be made by means of a reference line.
Here, a node deviation measuring instrument 20 having a reference point 22 is manufactured by substantially the same method as that provided in example 2:
first, assuming that the central planes of the three plates of the cross joint intersect at a line, the three plates of the cross joint are sectioned with a plane perpendicular to the line, and the resulting section is used as a design reference of the measuring instrument.
Then, an initial reference point D is drawn on the lower surface of the third plate of the cross joint forming the design reference0The initial reference point distance D0The distance of the intersection line of the first plate and the third plate is L, and then the initial reference point D is set0Is mapped onto the upper surface of the third plate in the thickness direction of the third plate. In addition, at the center line L of the third plate3Finding out the position with the distance L, marking (point A), taking the central lines and the points A of the three plates as a whole, taking the intersection point of the central lines of the three plates as a base point, and firstly, taking the central line L of the first plate as a base point1Move upward to make the central line L of the third plate3Coinciding with the upper surface of the third plate and then along the centre line L of the third plate3Move to the left to make the center line L of the first plate1Coinciding with the left surface of the first plate, it can now be seen from the illustration of fig. 12 that after two global shifts, point a is shifted first to point a1Position, then moved to A2Positions, but none of these positions can be compared with the actual reference point D on the upper surface of the third plate1And (4) coinciding.
Therefore, referring to fig. 13, based on the above steps, the central lines and points a of the three plates after the two times of overall movement are taken as an integral and synchronously moved to the left along the upper surface of the third plate, so that the moved points a can be overlapped with the actual reference line on the upper surface of the third plate. At this time, the center line L of the second plate2M2The distance d is moved leftwards again, and the specific calculation mode is that d is t3cosβsinθ/sinβ。
Here, since the relative positions of the center lines of the second plate and the third plate are not changed before and after the third movement, the center lines of the second plate and the third plate and the actual reference point D after the second overall movement are still the same as in the manner provided in embodiment 21For reference, a corresponding nodal deviation meter 20 is produced.
For the purpose of facilitating the measurement, the measuring edge 23 is likewise moved outwardly by an additional distance c, which is generally preferredThe thickness of the node is 0-15 mm, but is not necessarily larger than half of the thickness of the thickest plate in all nodes with the same angle. Thus, the reference deviation a can be obtained2As shown in fig. 13. Further, a reference deviation, an allowable maximum deviation and an allowable minimum deviation calculation formula can be obtained, which is specifically as follows:
reference deviation:
maximum deviation allowed:
minimum deviation allowed:
in addition, for the cross joint with the special structure, the measuring method is the same as the method steps provided in embodiment 2, and therefore, the description is omitted.
Example 4
By combining the types of the cross joints in embodiments 1 to 3, and particularly the calculation formulas (including formula (7), formula (10), and formula (13)) of the reference deviation of the cross joints, it is possible to generalize the reference deviation a of the cross joints measured by the nodal deviation measuring instrument 202General formula (iv):
in the formula: k is a shape coefficient, and when the third plate (middle plate) is continuous, the measurement is carried out in a mode of setting an actual reference line, wherein k is 1; and when otherwise, k is 0; and c is an additional distance which is an initial distance value set during measurement, and the value of the additional distance value can be 0-15 mm generally, but is not necessarily larger than half of the thickness of the thickest plate in all nodes with the same angle.
In addition, the reference deviation a2Can also be derived to derive the maximum deviation a allowed2maxAnd allowed minimum deviation a2minThe corresponding calculation formula is as follows:
maximum deviation allowed:
minimum deviation allowed:
the general formula (16)) for calculating the node deviation has the beneficial effects that:
1. the same formula can be used to calculate the reference deviation value no matter how many the included angles between the cross joints are, as long as the cross joint is composed of an upper plate, a lower plate and an upper plate.
2. And a calculation formula for deriving the reference deviation value is not needed, so that the derivation time is saved.
3. The situation that the calculation results are inconsistent due to inconsistent formulas derived by different people is avoided.
4. And the deviation value is calculated by using a general formula, so that the design standardization is realized, and the calculation results are unified.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for manufacturing a node deviation measuring instrument is characterized in that the node deviation measuring instrument is manufactured when middle plates of a cross joint are continuous, the nodal deviation measurement instrument is for measuring a deviation of a spider having a first plate, a second plate, and a continuous intermediate plate, the surface of the intermediate plate facing the second plate has an actual reference line indicating the relative position of the first plate, the nodal deviation measurement gauge includes a reference lip, a reference point, and a measurement lip, the reference lip being positioned on a surface of a mid-plate of the cross joint, the datum point is located at the datum edge, the datum point is indirectly located at the intersection of the surfaces of the middle plate and the first plate of the cross joint, the measuring edge is parallel to the surface of the second plate of the cross joint, and the manufacturing method of the nodal deviation measuring instrument comprises the following steps:
s1, assuming that the central planes of the three plates of the cross joint intersect on a line, cutting the three plates of the cross joint by a plane perpendicular to the line, and taking the obtained section as the design reference of the measuring instrument;
s2, setting an initial reference point on one side surface of the middle plate of the cross joint facing the first plate, wherein the distance between the initial reference point and the intersection point of the surfaces of the first plate and the middle plate is a set distance E;
s3, mapping the initial reference point to the other side surface of the middle plate along the plate thickness direction of the middle plate to form an actual reference point;
s4, taking the central line of the first plate, the central line of the second plate and the central line of the middle plate as a whole, moving along the central line direction of the first plate, and enabling the central line of the middle plate to coincide with the actual reference point;
s5, moving the central line of the first plate, the central line of the second plate and the central line of the middle plate as a whole along the central line direction of the middle plate to enable the central line of the first plate to be overlapped with the surface of the first plate;
and S6, making the center line of the second plate parallel to the measuring edge of the node deviation measuring instrument, making the center line of the middle plate coincide with the reference edge of the node deviation measuring instrument, making the actual reference point coincide with the reference point of the node deviation measuring instrument, and making the node deviation measuring instrument, wherein the distance between the measuring edge of the node deviation measuring instrument and the center line of the second plate is an additional distance c.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the additional distance c is greater than or equal to 0.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the additional distance c is less than or equal to half the thickness of the thickest plate of the cross.
4. The method of manufacturing a nodal deviation measuring instrument according to claim 1, wherein the set distance E ranges from 50mm to 200 mm.
5. A node deviation measuring method using the node deviation measuring instrument according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, setting an actual reference line on the surface of the middle plate facing to the second plate according to the position of the first plate relative to the middle plate;
s2, abutting a datum edge of a node deviation measuring instrument against the surface of the middle plate of the cross joint, aligning the datum edge of the node deviation measuring instrument with the actual reference line, and measuring the actual distance a between a measuring edge and the edge of the second plate of the cross joint;
s3, acquiring additional distance c of measuring edge of node deviation measuring instrument and thickness t of first plate of cross joint1A thickness t of the second plate2A thickness t of the intermediate plate3An included angle beta between the first plate and the middle plate and an included angle theta between the second plate and the middle plate are calculated, and a reference deviation a of the second plate is calculated2The reference deviation a2The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: k is a shape factor, and if the intermediate plates are continuous, k is 1; if the intermediate plate is discontinuous, k is 0;
s4, according to the reference deviation a2And judging the deviation condition of the cross joint according to the actual distance a.
6. The node deviation measuring method according to claim 5, wherein in step S4: by allowing a maximum deviation a2maxAnd allowed minimum deviation a2minJudging the deviation condition of the cross joint,
the maximum allowable deviation a2maxThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
the allowable minimum deviation a2minThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
7. the method for measuring node deviation according to claim 5, wherein after the actual reference line of the cross joint is mapped along the middle plate of the cross joint, the theoretical distance from the intersection point of the surfaces of the first plate and the middle plate of the cross joint is a set distance E, and the step S1 further comprises the following steps:
s01, arranging an initial reference line on the surface of one side, facing the first plate, of the middle plate of the cross joint along the length direction of the cross joint, wherein the distance between the initial reference line and the intersection point of the surfaces of the first plate and the middle plate is the set distance E;
and S02, mapping the initial reference line to the corresponding position of the other side surface of the middle plate along the plate thickness direction of the middle plate to form an actual reference line.
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