CN110000296B - Laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combined auxiliary rivet-free turning and riveting connection device and connection method - Google Patents
Laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combined auxiliary rivet-free turning and riveting connection device and connection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110000296B CN110000296B CN201910316441.5A CN201910316441A CN110000296B CN 110000296 B CN110000296 B CN 110000296B CN 201910316441 A CN201910316441 A CN 201910316441A CN 110000296 B CN110000296 B CN 110000296B
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- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D35/00—Combined processes according to or processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
- B21D35/002—Processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
- B21D35/008—Processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00 involving vibration, e.g. ultrasonic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
- B21D39/02—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of sheet metal by folding, e.g. connecting edges of a sheet to form a cylinder
- B21D39/026—Reinforcing the connection by locally deforming
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combined auxiliary rivet-free turning and riveting connecting device, which comprises the following components: a base having a first through hole; a lower flip rivet punch elastically supported in the first through hole; the ultrasonic vibration device is connected with the bottom of the lower riveting punch and can drive the lower riveting punch to impact to the top; the edge pressing ring is internally provided with a second through hole; the upper turning riveting punch is movably arranged in the second through hole and can slide up and down along the second through hole; the laser cladding device is adopted to form a cladding interlayer between the riveted metals, so that electrochemical corrosion is avoided, and then the ultrasonic vibration device is combined to drive the punch to realize turning riveting, so that residual stress generated in the riveting process is reduced, the surface strength of a riveted joint is effectively improved, and the rivet-free turning riveting connection method assisted by the combination of laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration is also provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-rivet riveting of dissimilar metals, in particular to a device for assisting non-rivet turning riveting connection through laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combination and a non-rivet turning riveting connection method through laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combination.
Background
With the development of the automobile industry, the demand for weight reduction of automobiles is increasingly prominent. In addition to the use of lightweight, high strength materials to replace traditional steels, processing and joining techniques are also continually being updated. The rivet-free riveting adopts stamping equipment and a special standard connecting die, and by utilizing plastic deformation of the material, a dot which is inlaid with each other can be formed at the connecting position through a stamping process, thereby connecting the plates. Compared with the traditional processing method, such as welding and gluing, the rivetless riveting has the advantages of no need of raw materials, light connection quality, capability of connecting different materials, firm connection, simple operation, low cost and the like, and along with the continuous maturity of the technical development, the rivetless riveting has become the main stream mode of connecting the sheet materials.
However, when riveting is performed, metal fatigue is easily generated at the riveting joint by metal with poor plasticity, and cracks and even fracture are seriously possibly generated, so that the joint performance is influenced. In the riveted joint of dissimilar metal materials, electrochemical corrosion may occur due to the influence of high air humidity or the like. Therefore, new techniques are needed to address these issues at the joint and further improve the performance of the joint.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs and develops a laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combined auxiliary rivet-free turning riveting connecting device, wherein a cladding interlayer is formed between riveting metals by adopting a laser cladding device, so that electrochemical corrosion is avoided, and a punch is driven by the ultrasonic vibration device to realize turning riveting, so that residual stress generated in the riveting process is reduced, and the surface strength of a riveting joint is effectively improved.
The invention also provides a laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combined auxiliary rivet-free turning riveting connection method, which effectively improves the problem of joint cracking for the forming method and the turning riveting process of a cladding layer between a steel plate and an aluminum plate, has low requirements on the power and pressure of equipment, saves the processing time and reduces the processing cost.
It is still another object of the present invention to use ultrasonic vibration to impact the inner wall of the joint hole, refine the metal grains on the wall, reduce or even eliminate the residual stress generated by the flip rivet, and improve the joint strength and the service life of the joint.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combined auxiliary rivet-free flip-rivet connection device, comprising:
a base having a first through hole;
the lower turning riveting punch is coaxially and elastically supported in the first through hole;
the ultrasonic vibration device is connected with the bottom of the downwards-turned riveting punch and can drive the downwards-turned riveting punch to slide along the first through hole;
the blank holder is coaxially arranged above the base and is provided with a second through hole;
the upper turning riveting punch is coaxially arranged in the second through hole and can slide up and down along the second through hole;
a first laser cladding device rotatably supported in the second through hole, capable of forming a first annular cladding layer on the surface of the rivet metal located therebelow;
and the second laser cladding device is rotatably supported at the bottom of the second through hole and is positioned below the first laser cladding device, so that a second annular cladding layer can be formed on the surface of the riveted metal positioned at the center of the second laser cladding device.
Preferably, the first laser cladding apparatus includes:
a first ring rotatably supported within the second through hole;
at least one first hinge rod, one end of which is hinged with the first circular ring and can rotate along with the first circular ring;
the longitudinal laser transmitter is detachably connected with the other end of the first hinging rod;
the first powder feeding box is arranged at the other end of the first hinging rod, is positioned at one side of the longitudinal laser transmitter and is provided with a spray head, and powder can be sprayed below the spray head.
Preferably, the first laser cladding apparatus includes:
the first annular sliding rail is detachably fixed in the second through hole;
one end of the first hinge rod is connected with the first annular sliding rail and can slide along the first annular sliding rail;
the longitudinal laser transmitter is detachably connected with the other end of the first hinging rod;
the first powder feeding box is arranged at the other end of the first hinging rod, is positioned at one side of the longitudinal laser transmitter and is provided with a spray head, and powder can be sprayed below the spray head.
Preferably, the first hinge rod is a telescopic rod.
Preferably, the second laser cladding apparatus includes:
the second circular ring is rotatably supported at the bottom of the second through hole;
at least one transverse laser transmitter removably coupled to the second ring and rotatable therewith;
the second powder feeding box is arranged on one side of the transverse laser transmitter and rotates along with the transverse laser transmitter, and the second powder feeding box is provided with a second spray head and can spray powder to the center.
Preferably, the second laser cladding apparatus includes:
the second annular sliding rail is detachably fixed at the second penetrating bottom;
at least one transverse laser transmitter detachably connected to the second annular rail and capable of sliding along the second annular rail;
the second powder feeding box is arranged on one side of the transverse laser transmitter and rotates along with the transverse laser transmitter, and the second powder feeding box is provided with a second spray head and can spray powder to the center.
A laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combined auxiliary rivet-free turning and riveting connection method comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a steel plate and an aluminum plate with through holes, placing the aluminum plate above the base, stacking the steel plate above the aluminum plate, and driving a blank holder to compress the steel plate and the aluminum plate;
starting a first laser cladding device, enabling the longitudinal laser emitter and the first powder feeding box to synchronously rotate at a speed v, spraying cladding powder, and simultaneously irradiating by using a laser to form an annular first cladding area on the steel plate;
starting an ultrasonic vibration device to drive a lower turning riveting punch to impact the aluminum plate, and forming a bushing with a certain thickness while completely drilling through the aluminum plate;
step four, starting a second laser cladding device, wherein the transverse laser emitter and the second powder feeding box synchronously rotate at the speed v', and a laser is adopted to irradiate while cladding powder is sprayed, so that an annular second cladding area is formed on the outer side of the bushing;
and fifthly, pushing the upward turning riveting punch to descend, turning the bushing out to two sides, and forming a turning riveting structure.
Preferably, the rotation speed calculation formula of the longitudinal laser transmitter and the first powder feeding box is as follows:
wherein v is the rotation speed of the longitudinal laser transmitters and the first powder feeding box, pi is radian, n is the number of the longitudinal laser transmitters contained in the first laser cladding device, and t is the solidification time of the laser cladding layer;
the rotation speed calculation formulas of the transverse laser transmitter and the second powder feeding box are as follows:
wherein v 'is the rotation speed of the transverse laser transmitters and the second powder feeding box, pi is radian, n' is the number of longitudinal laser transmitters contained in the second laser cladding device, and t is the solidification time of the laser cladding layer.
Preferably, the third step further includes a bushing internal impact process, which includes:
fixing a downwards-turned riveting punch, starting an ultrasonic vibration device, and driving the punch to transversely impact the inner wall of a round hole of a bushing of the aluminum plate at the frequency f; the calculation formula of the frequency f is as follows:
wherein f is the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration device, G is the elastic modulus of the downward turning riveting punch head, I P For riveting punches downwardsPolar moment of inertia, J is the vibration inertia, lambda is the impact amplitude, the value is 0.08-0.1 mm, u is the response time, C n For the response coefficient, sigma H And D is the aperture of the bushing.
Preferably, the cladding powder is NiCrBSi powder, and the spraying thickness is 0.2-0.6 mm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are that
The invention designs and develops a laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combined auxiliary rivet-free turning riveting connecting device, wherein a cladding interlayer is formed between riveting metals by adopting a laser cladding device, so that electrochemical corrosion is avoided, and then a punch is driven by an ultrasonic vibration device to realize turning riveting, so that residual stress generated in the riveting process is reduced, the surface strength of a riveting joint is effectively improved, rivets and other additional parts are not used, self-locking is formed by means of deformation of an aluminum plate, and the quality of the joint is reduced.
The laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combined auxiliary rivet-free turning riveting connection method provided by the invention is that holes are punched in advance, then turning riveting processing is carried out, the steel plate is not deformed in the process, only the aluminum plate with better plasticity and lower hardness is deformed, and the conditions of joint cracks, stress concentration and even joint fracture possibly occurring in the riveting process are avoided. The steel plate is not deformed, so that the problem that high-strength steel is difficult to deform is avoided, the requirements on the power and the pressure of equipment are small, energy sources are saved, and the cost is reduced.
The invention uses ultrasonic vibration to impact the inner wall of the joint hole, refines metal grains on the wall surface, reduces or even eliminates residual stress generated by turning riveting, and improves the connection strength and the service life of the joint.
According to the invention, the nickel-based cladding layer is added between the joint of the steel plate and the aluminum plate by using laser cladding, and the cladding layer is solidified and maintained in pressure, so that the strength of the deformed aluminum plate is improved, and electrochemical corrosion easily generated between the steel plate and the aluminum plate can be effectively avoided.
Compared with the existing riveting modes of adding adhesive, such as adhesive riveting, the laser cladding melting and solidifying time is very short, the process and time for solidifying the adhesive before riveting can be saved, and the working efficiency is improved. The thickness of the laser cladding layer is between 0.2 and 0.6mm, and the laser cladding layer is thin and uniform, so that the problems of glue line fracture and uneven glue line distribution which are easy to occur during adhesive riveting can be avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combined auxiliary rivet-free flip-rivet connecting device.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a base according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the punch for riveting down according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the installation of the flip down rivet punch and elastic means according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the blank holder according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first laser cladding apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the first laser cladding apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a second laser cladding apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a second laser cladding apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view showing the position and deformation state of the plate before riveting according to the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating the positions of the first cladding region and the second cladding region before flip-riveting according to the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view showing the position and deformation state of the plate after the first riveting and laser cladding according to the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic view showing the position and deformation state of the plate after the second riveting and laser cladding according to the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a flowchart of a method for laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combined assisted rivetless flip-rivet connection according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention by referring to the description.
As shown in fig. 1, the laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combined auxiliary rivet-free flip-rivet connecting device provided by the invention comprises: a base 110, a lower clinching punch 120, an ultrasonic vibration device 130, a blank holder 140, an upper clinching punch 150, a first laser cladding device 160, and a second laser cladding device 170.
As shown in fig. 2, the center of the base 110 has a stepped first through hole 111, the lower riveting punch 120 is supported in the first through hole 111 by an elastic device 112, and an ultrasonic vibration device 130 is connected to the bottom of the lower riveting punch 120 and can drive the lower riveting punch 120 to impact to the top of the base 110;
in another embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the flip-down riveting punch 120 includes a punch body 121 and a skirt 122, the punch body 121 is cylindrical, a cylindrical hole 121a is provided at the bottom, the cylindrical hole 121a is used for accommodating the ultrasonic vibration device 130, the skirt 122 is annular, and the inner ring is integrally connected to the punch body 121 and is located at the middle of the punch body 121.
In another embodiment, the base 110 is provided with a stepped through hole in the middle and a small aperture of 7mm below for connecting an external power device and a control system. The upper large aperture is 15mm for mounting the first and second springs 123 and 124 and the down-turned rivet punch 120. The skirt diameter of the flip-down rivet punch 12-is 14mm, thereby restraining the left-right displacement thereof.
In another embodiment, the base of the lower clinching punch 120 is cylindrical with a diameter of 6mm, the upper surface of which gradually narrows to a circular surface with a diameter of 3mm, and the edge of the circular surface where the circular surface narrows has a rounded corner of 1mm, which facilitates clinching. The inside of the lower clinching punch 120 is opened with a deep hole having a hole diameter of 4mm, in which the ultrasonic vibration device 1 of the same diameter is closely installed. After the first turning riveting is finished, the power device does not remove power, and the ultrasonic vibration device 130 drives the turning riveting punch 120 to impact the wall surface for 3 seconds.
As shown in fig. 4, the elastic device 112 includes a first spring 123 and a second spring 124, the first spring 123 is sleeved on the punch body 121 and is located in a containing space formed below the skirt 122 and at the bottom of the first through hole 111; the second spring 124 is sleeved on the punch body 121 and is located between the upper portion of the skirt portion 122 and the accommodating hole formed at the top of the first through hole, and preferably, the first spring 123 and the second spring 124 are helical compression springs, and the elastic coefficient is 1300-1700N/mm. Since the elastic coefficients of the first spring 123 and the second spring 124 are the same, when the rivet punch 120 is turned down, the forces of the two springs can be offset, and the power device only needs to provide the force for pushing the punch 120, and does not need to provide additional power to offset the elastic force of the springs. The stroke of the flip-down rivet punch 120 from the start of contacting the aluminum plate is 6mm.
When the device is used, the ultrasonic vibration device 130 is started to drive the lower riveting punch 120 to overcome the tensile force of the elastic device 112, the impact vibration device 130 is closed along the upper side of the first through hole 111 box base 110, and the elastic device 112 pulls the lower riveting punch 120 to reset.
As shown in fig. 5, the center of the blank holder 140 has a stepped second through hole 141, and the punch 150 for flip-up riveting is movably disposed in the second through hole 141 and can slide up and down along the second through hole 141; as a preferable method, the upper turning riveting punch 150 is a cylinder with a variable diameter with excessive arc, as a preferable method, the diameter above the upper turning riveting punch 150 is 15mm, the diameter below the upper turning riveting punch is 5mm in cooperation with the small aperture of the blank holder 5, the diameter below the upper turning riveting punch is smaller than the aperture of the aluminum plate after the first turning riveting, and the bottom surface is provided with a 1mm fillet. The arc surface can gradually turn out the aluminum plate when riveting is performed for the second time, so that the aluminum plate is prevented from being broken due to the fact that large deformation is suddenly generated, the joint formed finally is in a round corner shape, and the problems of stress concentration, even electrochemical corrosion of the tip, edge discharge and the like can be avoided. The stroke of the upturning riveting punch after contacting the aluminum plate is 6mm.
As shown in fig. 6, the first laser cladding device 160 is rotatably supported in the second through hole 141, the first laser cladding device rotates 160, and an annular cladding layer can be formed on the surface of the rivet metal located therebelow, and the first laser cladding device 160 includes a first ring 161, at least one first hinge rod 162, a longitudinal laser 163, and a first powder feeding box 164. The first ring 161 is rotatably supported in the second through hole 141; one end of the first hinge lever 162 is hinged to the first ring 161 and is rotatable with the first ring 161; the longitudinal laser transmitter 163 is detachably connected to the other end of the first hinge lever 162 through a bolt, and the first powder feeding cassette 164 is provided at the other end of the first hinge lever 162 at one side of the longitudinal laser transmitter 163 and has a spray head capable of spraying powder to the lower side thereof.
As shown in fig. 7, in another embodiment, the first laser cladding apparatus 160 includes: the first annular slide rail 161a is detachably fixed in the second through hole 141 by a bolt; at least one first hinge lever 162 having one end connected to the first annular slide rail 161a and capable of sliding along the first annular slide rail 161 a; the longitudinal laser transmitter 163 is detachably connected to the other end of the first hinge lever 162 through a bolt, and the first powder feeding cassette 164 is provided at the other end of the first hinge lever 162 at one side of the longitudinal laser transmitter 163 and has a spray head capable of spraying powder to the lower side thereof.
Preferably, the first hinge lever 162 is a telescoping lever. The number of longitudinal laser transmitters 163 and first hinge bars 162 is four, and the first powder feeding cassette 164 contains NiCrBSi powder.
When forming a cladding layer, starting a first laser cladding device 160, driving a longitudinal laser transmitter 163 and a first powder feeding box 164 to rotate by a first circular ring 161, vertically spraying NiCrBSi powder to a cladding area below in the rotating process, and starting the longitudinal laser to form an annular second cladding layer in the cladding area;
or the laser emitter 163 slides along the first annular slide rail 161a, and vertically sprays NiCrBSi powder to the cladding area below during rotation, and turns on the longitudinal laser to form an annular cladding layer in the cladding area,
because of the high temperature and high efficiency of laser cladding, the laser cladding has the action time of about 1s and the solidification time of about 3-6 s.
As shown in fig. 8, the second laser cladding apparatus 170 includes: the second circular ring 171, at least one transverse laser emitter 172 and a second powder feeding box 173, wherein the second circular ring 171 is rotatably supported at the bottom of the second through hole 141, the second circular ring 171 is positioned below the first circular ring 161, and the at least one transverse laser emitter 172 is detachably connected with the second circular ring 171 and can rotate along with the second circular ring 171; the second powder feeding box 173 is disposed at one side of the lateral laser transmitter 172, and rotates with the lateral laser transmitter 172, and the second powder feeding box 173 has a second nozzle capable of injecting powder toward the center.
As shown in fig. 9, the second laser cladding apparatus 170 includes: the second annular slide rail 171a, at least one transverse laser transmitter 172 and a second powder feeding box 173, wherein the second annular slide rail 171a is detachably fixed at the bottom of the second through hole 141 through bolts; at least one transverse laser transmitter 172 is detachably connected to the second annular slide rail 171 by bolts and is capable of sliding along the second annular slide rail 171; the second powder feeding box 173 is located at one side of the transverse laser transmitter 172, and rotates with the transverse laser transmitter 172, and the second powder feeding box 172 has a second nozzle capable of spraying powder toward the center.
As one preferable number of the transverse lasers 172 is 4, when the second powder feeding box 173 is filled with NiCrBSi powder to form a cladding layer, the second laser cladding device 170 is started, the second circular ring 171 drives the transverse laser transmitter 172 and the second powder feeding box 173 to rotate, niCrBSi powder is sprayed to a cladding region inside the second circular ring 171 in the rotating process, and the transverse lasers are started to form an annular cladding layer in the cladding region.
As shown in fig. 13, the pop rivet punch 120 returns under the action of the elastic means 112. Under program control, the first ring 161 is reset, and the longitudinal laser transmitter 166 above the inside of the blank holder 140 rotates 90 ° around the hinge shaft and is close to the side wall of the blank holder 140, so that the flip-up riveting punch 150 descends. The lateral laser transmitters 1723 at the bottom of the bead 140 spray NiCrBSi powder laterally and clad the second cladding area which is now in a vertical state in a synchronous powder feeding manner, and simultaneously the second ring 171 rotates at an angular speed of 30 °/s for cladding all areas of the second cladding area. While the cladding layer is not solidified, a power device is started to push the upturning riveting punch 150 to descend, and the vertical part of the aluminum plate 220 is turned out to two sides.
The transverse laser transmitter 172 and the longitudinal laser 163 adopt solid lasers, and have the characteristics of high power, high efficiency, good beam quality, narrow line width, stable operation, no deformation for thin-wall cladding and avoiding aluminum alloy collapse. Since it can reach 400W power and the condensed light spot is small. The cladding material of the surface can be melted within 1s and the laser size is small and the emitter nozzle is connected to the external control device through the internal connection line of the bead 140, the nozzle size in the bead 140 is only 3-5mm and the spot diameter is 3mm.
As shown in fig. 14, a method for assisting rivet-free flip-rivet connection by combining laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration comprises the following steps:
step S310, preparing a steel plate 210 and an aluminum plate 220 with through holes;
step S320, placing the aluminum plate 220 above the base 110, then stacking the steel plate 210 above the aluminum plate 220, and driving the blank holder to compress the steel plate 210 and the aluminum plate 220;
step S330, the first laser cladding device 160 is started, and the longitudinal laser transmitter 163 and the first powder feeding box 164 are started at a speedSynchronously rotating, spraying cladding powder, and irradiating by a laser to form an annular first cladding area on the steel plate;
step S340, starting an ultrasonic vibration device 130 to drive a lower riveting punch 120 to impact the aluminum plate 220, and forming a bushing with a certain thickness while completely drilling through the aluminum plate 220;
step S350, fixing a downwards turned riveting punch, starting an ultrasonic vibration device, and driving the punch to transversely impact the inner wall of a round hole of a bushing of the aluminum plate at the frequency f; the calculation formula of the frequency f is as follows:
wherein f is the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration device, the unit is Hz, G is the elastic modulus of the downward turning riveting punch, and the unit is N/m 2 ，I P The unit of polar moment of inertia of the punch head is m 4 J is vibration inertia, and the unit is kg.m 2 Lambda is the impact amplitude, the value is 0.08-0.1 mm, u is the response time, C n For the response coefficient, the value is 2.69m/s, sigma H The vibration coefficient is 0.291, and D is the diameter of the bushing.
Step S360, the second laser cladding device 170 is started, and the transverse laser transmitter 172 and the second powder feeding box 173 are started at a speedSynchronously rotating, spraying cladding powder, and irradiating by a laser to form an annular second cladding area outside the bushing;
step S370, pushing the upward turning riveting punch to descend, turning the bushing out to two sides to form a turning riveting structure;
wherein v is the rotation speed of the longitudinal laser transmitters and the first powder feeding box, pi is radian, n is the number of the longitudinal laser transmitters contained in the first laser cladding device, t is the solidification time of the laser cladding layer, and the value is 3 s-6 s; v 'is the rotation speed of the transverse laser transmitters and the second powder feeding box, pi is radian, n' is the number of longitudinal laser transmitters contained in the second laser cladding device, t is the solidification time of the laser cladding layer, and the value is 3 s-6 s.
In another embodiment, the cladding powder is NiCrBSi powder and the spraying thickness is 0.2-0.6 mm.
By way of example, a steel plate having a thickness of 2mm and an aluminum plate having a thickness of 2mm are riveted, and further explanation will be given
As shown in fig. 10-11, in the first step, the steel plate 210 and the aluminum plate 220 are perforated before riveting, and are placed between the base 110 and the edge pressing ring 140 in a centered manner, the steel plate 210 is on the upper side, the aluminum plate 220 is under, and the two plates are pressed on the base 110 by the edge pressing ring 140.
Wherein, the aperture of the steel plate 210 is 10mm, the aperture of the aluminum plate 11 is 4mm, the diameter of the boundary circle of the first cladding area and the second cladding area is 7mm, the first cladding area and the second cladding area are circular rings with the width of 3mm, and correspond to the deformation area of the aluminum plate 220 when the riveting is performed each time.
As shown in fig. 12, in the second step, a longitudinal laser 163 installed above the opening is used to spray NiCrBSi powder vertically onto the first cladding area in a synchronous powder feeding manner, and cladding is performed. Because of the high temperature and high efficiency of laser cladding, the laser cladding has the action time of about 1s and the solidification time of about 3-6 s. When cladding is performed, the first circular ring 161 is controlled to drive the hinging device and the laser emitter to rotate by 90 degrees through a preset program, the rotation angular speed of the circular ring is 30 degrees/s, and the whole area of the first cladding area is clad.
And step three, when the cladding layer is not solidified, starting a power device, pushing the lower turning riveting punch 120 to ascend, and turning up the part of the aluminum plate 220 exceeding the hole of the steel plate 210. After the punch is turned out, the lower turning riveting punch 120 is fixed, the ultrasonic vibration device 130 is started, the punch is driven to transversely impact the inner wall of the round hole of the aluminum plate 220 at the frequency of 20KHz, and the impact amplitude is 0.1mm.
As shown in fig. 13, in the fourth step, the flip-up riveting punch 120 returns under the action of the elastic device 112. Under program control, the first ring 161 is reset, and the longitudinal laser transmitter 166 above the inside of the blank holder 140 rotates 90 ° around the hinge shaft and is close to the side wall of the blank holder 140, so that the flip-up riveting punch 150 descends. The lateral laser transmitters 1723 at the bottom of the bead 140 spray NiCrBSi powder laterally and clad the second cladding area which is now in a vertical state in a synchronous powder feeding manner, and simultaneously the second ring 171 rotates at an angular speed of 30 °/s for cladding all areas of the second cladding area. While the cladding layer is not solidified, a power device is started to push the upturning riveting punch 150 to descend, and the vertical part of the aluminum plate 220 is turned out to two sides.
And maintaining the pressure for a certain time, resetting the flip-up riveting punch 150, and taking out the connecting piece.
Wherein, during the turning riveting process, the holes of the steel plate 210 and the aluminum plate 220, the upper turning riveting punch 120 and the lower turning riveting punch 150 ensure centering.
The invention designs and develops a laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combined auxiliary rivet-free turning riveting connecting device, wherein a cladding interlayer is formed between riveting metals by adopting a laser cladding device, so that electrochemical corrosion is avoided, and then a punch is driven by an ultrasonic vibration device to realize turning riveting, so that residual stress generated in the riveting process is reduced, the surface strength of a riveting joint is effectively improved, rivets and other additional parts are not used, self-locking is formed by means of deformation of an aluminum plate, and the quality of the joint is reduced.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the details and embodiments shown and described, it is well suited to various fields of use for which the invention would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and accordingly, the invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein, without departing from the general concepts defined in the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combine supplementary no rivet turns over and rivets connecting device which characterized in that includes:
a base having a first through hole;
the lower turning riveting punch is coaxially and elastically supported in the first through hole;
the ultrasonic vibration device is connected with the bottom of the downwards-turned riveting punch and can drive the downwards-turned riveting punch to slide along the first through hole;
the blank holder is coaxially arranged above the base and is provided with a second through hole;
the upper turning riveting punch is coaxially arranged in the second through hole and can slide up and down along the second through hole;
a first laser cladding device rotatably supported in the second through hole, capable of forming a first annular cladding layer on the surface of the rivet metal located therebelow;
and the second laser cladding device is rotatably supported at the bottom of the second through hole and is positioned below the first laser cladding device, so that a second annular cladding layer can be formed on the surface of the riveted metal positioned at the center of the second laser cladding device.
2. The laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combined auxiliary rivetless rivet turning connection device of claim 1, wherein the first laser cladding device comprises:
a first ring rotatably supported within the second through hole;
at least one first hinge rod, one end of which is hinged with the first circular ring and can rotate along with the first circular ring;
the longitudinal laser transmitter is detachably connected with the other end of the first hinging rod;
the first powder feeding box is arranged at the other end of the first hinging rod, is positioned at one side of the longitudinal laser transmitter and is provided with a spray head, and powder can be sprayed below the spray head.
3. The laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combined auxiliary rivetless rivet turning connection device of claim 1, wherein the first laser cladding device comprises:
the first annular sliding rail is detachably fixed in the second through hole;
one end of the first hinge rod is connected with the first annular sliding rail and can slide along the first annular sliding rail;
the longitudinal laser transmitter is detachably connected with the other end of the first hinging rod;
the first powder feeding box is arranged at the other end of the first hinging rod, is positioned at one side of the longitudinal laser transmitter and is provided with a spray head, and powder can be sprayed below the spray head.
4. A laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration assisted rivetless attachment apparatus according to claim 2 or 3 wherein said first hinge rod is a telescoping rod.
5. The laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combined auxiliary rivetless rivet turning connection device of claim 2, wherein the second laser cladding device comprises:
the second circular ring is rotatably supported at the bottom of the second through hole;
at least one transverse laser transmitter removably coupled to the second ring and rotatable therewith;
the second powder feeding box is arranged on one side of the transverse laser transmitter and rotates along with the transverse laser transmitter, and the second powder feeding box is provided with a second spray head and can spray powder to the center.
6. A laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combined auxiliary rivetless attachment apparatus as described in claim 3, wherein said second laser cladding apparatus comprises:
the second annular sliding rail is detachably fixed at the bottom of the second through hole;
at least one transverse laser emitter detachably connected to the second annular slide rail and capable of sliding along the second annular slide rail;
the second powder feeding box is arranged on one side of the transverse laser transmitter and rotates along with the transverse laser transmitter, and the second powder feeding box is provided with a second spray head and can spray powder to the center.
7. A connecting method using the laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combined auxiliary rivet-free flip-rivet connecting device as described in claim 5 or 6, characterized by comprising:
firstly, preparing a steel plate and an aluminum plate with through holes, placing the aluminum plate above a base, stacking the steel plate above the aluminum plate, and driving a blank holder to compress the steel plate and the aluminum plate;
starting a first laser cladding device, wherein the longitudinal laser emitter and the first powder feeding box synchronously rotate at a speed v, spraying cladding powder, and simultaneously irradiating by adopting the longitudinal laser emitter to form an annular first cladding area on the steel plate;
starting an ultrasonic vibration device to drive a lower turning riveting punch to impact the aluminum plate, and forming a bushing with a certain thickness while completely drilling through the aluminum plate;
step four, starting a second laser cladding device, wherein the transverse laser emitter and the second powder feeding box synchronously rotate at the speed v', and the transverse laser emitter is adopted to irradiate while cladding powder is sprayed, so that an annular second cladding area is formed on the outer side of the bushing;
and fifthly, pushing the upward turning riveting punch to descend, turning the bushing out to two sides, and forming a turning riveting structure.
8. The connection method according to claim 7, wherein a rotational speed calculation formula of the longitudinal laser transmitter and the first powder feeding box is:
wherein v is the rotation speed of the longitudinal laser transmitters and the first powder feeding box, pi is radian, n is the number of the longitudinal laser transmitters contained in the first laser cladding device, and t is the solidification time of the laser cladding layer;
the rotation speed calculation formulas of the transverse laser transmitter and the second powder feeding box are as follows:
wherein v 'is the rotation speed of the transverse laser transmitters and the second powder feeding box, pi is radian, n' is the number of the transverse laser transmitters contained in the second laser cladding device, and t is the solidification time of the laser cladding layer.
9. The connection method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the third step further comprises a bushing internal impact process, which includes:
fixing a lower riveting punch, starting an ultrasonic vibration device, and driving the lower riveting punch to transversely impact the inner wall of a round hole of a bushing of the aluminum plate at the frequency f; the calculation formula of the frequency f is as follows:
wherein f is the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration device, G is the elastic modulus of the downward turning riveting punch head, I P Punch for downwards turning rivetingJ is vibration inertia, lambda is impact amplitude, the value is 0.08-0.1 mm, u is response time, C n For the response coefficient, sigma H And D is the aperture of the bushing.
10. The connection method according to claim 9, wherein the cladding powder is NiCrBSi powder, and the spraying thickness is 0.2-0.6 mm.
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| CN201910316441.5A CN110000296B (en) | 2019-04-19 | 2019-04-19 | Laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combined auxiliary rivet-free turning and riveting connection device and connection method |
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