CN109995192A - Motor and blower - Google Patents

Motor and blower Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109995192A
CN109995192A CN201711489759.0A CN201711489759A CN109995192A CN 109995192 A CN109995192 A CN 109995192A CN 201711489759 A CN201711489759 A CN 201711489759A CN 109995192 A CN109995192 A CN 109995192A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
brush
motor
brush group
group
spdt
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Granted
Application number
CN201711489759.0A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN109995192B (en
Inventor
何明明
查霞红
卢惠
李先峰
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Positec Power Tools Suzhou Co Ltd
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Positec Power Tools Suzhou Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201711489759.0A priority Critical patent/CN109995192B/en
Publication of CN109995192A publication Critical patent/CN109995192A/en
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Publication of CN109995192B publication Critical patent/CN109995192B/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K13/00Structural associations of current collectors with motors or generators, e.g. brush mounting plates or connections to windings; Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators; Arrangements for improving commutation
    • H02K13/14Circuit arrangements for improvement of commutation, e.g. by use of unidirectionally conductive elements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
  • Dc Machiner (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of motor and blowers.The motor includes motor circuit and commutator, it further include the first brush group, the second brush group and switch unit, the first brush group and the second brush group respectively include two brushes, the switch unit is used to that the first brush group to be accessed the motor circuit when motor rotates forward and disconnects the second brush group from the motor circuit, is also used to that the second brush group is accessed the motor circuit in motor reversal and disconnects the first brush group from the motor circuit;Angle between the first brush group and the commutator borrows drift angle in first, and the angle between the second brush group and the commutator borrows drift angle in second.The present invention respectively uses one group of brush when motor rotates and reverse, when guaranteeing that motor is either rotated forward or inverted, the electric spark of brush borrowed drift angle that can maintain preset desired angle, inhibit when motor positive and inverse, extension electrical machinery life.

Description

Motor and blower
Technical field
The present invention relates to motors to further relate to a kind of motor of blower more particularly to the brush of motor.
Background technique
There are mechanical wears, such as improper use can generate more serious spark between the brush and commutator of motor, influences Electrical machinery life.Referring to fig. 2, when armature winding is powered, 10 surrounding of armature can generate magnetic field, which can make after synthesizing with main field Main field is relative to distortion is generated before synthesis, so that the geometrical neutral line 11 of main field generates partially relative to the physics neutral conductor 13 It moves.Therefore in order to inhibit electric spark, it is necessary to inhibit the reactance potential generated in commutation process, such as brush can be set to It is in an angle between the commutator physics neutral conductor, this angle, which is referred to as, borrows drift angle.
For clockwise and anticlockwise motor, optimal when being rotated and reverse due to motor to borrow drift angle different, brush can not be simultaneously Drift angle is borrowed when taking into account positive and negative rotation.A solution be using mechanical structure rotary brush bracket so that brush motor just Turn and reversion when be attained by needs borrow drift angle.But it will lead to motor in this way and increase more complex mechanical structure, therefore limit to Property is larger.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, it is necessary to which providing a kind of can make what brush was attained by needs when motor rotates and reverse to borrow drift angle New-type electric machine.
A kind of motor, including motor circuit and commutator, further include the first brush group, the second brush group and switch unit, The first brush group and the second brush group respectively include two brushes, and the switch unit is used for described the when motor is rotated forward One brush group accesses the motor circuit and disconnects the second brush group from the motor circuit, is also used in motor The second brush group is accessed into the motor circuit when reversion and interrupts the first brush group from the motor circuit It opens;Angle between the first brush group and the commutator borrows drift angle, the second brush group and the commutation in first Angle between device borrows drift angle in second.
The switch unit includes that the first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) and the second single-pole double throw are opened in one of the embodiments, It closes, the first electrode of the motor circuit connects after the rotor coil of the motor and the first brush of the first brush group is connected in series It is connected to the first non-moving end of first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), the second non-moving end of first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) is connected in series Second single-pole double throw is connected to after first brush of the second brush group and the second brush of the first brush group to open The first non-moving end closed is connected to described between the moved end of first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) and the moved end of the second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) The stator coil of motor, one end that the rotor coil connects the first brush of the first brush group also pass through second electricity Second brush of brush group connects the second non-moving end of second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), and the second brush of the first brush group connects The one end for connecing the first brush of the second brush group is also connected with the second electrode of the motor circuit, the first electrode and The polarity of two electrodes is opposite.
The motor is ac motor in one of the embodiments, and the first electrode is exchange firewire, described the Two electrodes are AC neutral lines.
The motor is dc motor in one of the embodiments, and the first electrode is just when motor rotates forward Pole in motor reversal is cathode, the second electrode be when motor rotates forward cathode, in motor reversal when be anode.
The brush of the first brush group and the second brush group is carbon brush in one of the embodiments,.
It in one of the embodiments, further include brush switching module, for making described first when the motor rotates forward Brush group is in contact with the commutator face, the second brush group is separated with the commutator face, and in the electricity Machine makes the second brush group be in contact with the commutator face when inverting, the first brush group and the commutator face It is separated
The commutator is commutating coil in one of the embodiments,.
Described first borrow drift angle and second that the range of drift angle is borrowed to be greater than zero degree less than or equal to 28 in one of the embodiments, Degree.
The present invention correspondingly provides a kind of blower.
A kind of blower, including motor, the motor include motor circuit and commutator, further include the first brush Group, the second brush group and switch unit, the first brush group and the second brush group respectively include two brushes, the switch unit For the first brush group to be accessed the motor circuit and by the second brush group from the electricity when motor rotates forward Machine Circuit Interrupt is opened, and being also used to when motor inverts will the second brush group access motor circuit and by described the One brush group is disconnected from the motor circuit;Angle between the first brush group and the commutator is borrowed inclined in first Angle, the angle between the second brush group and the commutator borrow drift angle in second.
The switch unit includes that the first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) and the second single-pole double throw are opened in one of the embodiments, It closes, after the rotor coil of the motor and the first brush of the first brush group is connected in series in the first electrode of the motor circuit It is connected to the first non-moving end of first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), the second non-moving end of first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), which is connected, to be connected Second single-pole double throw is connected to after connecing the first brush of the second brush group and the second brush of the first brush group First non-moving end of switch, is connected to institute between the moved end of first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) and the moved end of the second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) The stator coil of motor is stated, one end that the rotor coil connects the first brush of the first brush group also passes through described Second brush of two brush groups connects the second non-moving end of second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), the second electricity of the first brush group One end that brush connects the first brush of the second brush group is also connected with the second electrode of the motor circuit, the first electrode It is opposite with the polarity of second electrode.
The motor is ac motor in one of the embodiments, and the first electrode is exchange firewire, described Second electrode is AC neutral line.
It in one of the embodiments, further include brush switching module, for making described first when the motor rotates forward Brush group is in contact with the commutator face, the second brush group is separated with the commutator face, and in the electricity Machine makes the second brush group be in contact with the commutator face when inverting, the first brush group and the commutator face It is separated.
Above-mentioned motor and blower respectively use one group of brush when motor rotates and reverse, can be in this way this two groups electricity Brush is separately provided by means of drift angle, when guaranteeing that motor is either rotated forward or inverted, brush can be maintained by means of drift angle it is preset Desired angle inhibits electric spark when motor positive and inverse, extends electrical machinery life.And the switching of brush is realized by circuit, relatively In the prior art realized using mechanical structure, wide usage is more preferably.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that Fig. 1 is the connection relationship signal of the first brush group and the second brush group in motor circuit in an embodiment Figure;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram by means of drift angle of motor;
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of blower in an embodiment.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and It is not used in the restriction present invention.
In one embodiment, motor of the invention includes motor circuit, commutator, the first brush group, the second brush group And switch unit, the first brush group and the second brush group respectively include two brushes.Switch unit is used for the when motor is rotated forward One brush group access motor circuit simultaneously disconnects the second brush group from motor circuit, is also used to second in motor reversal Brush group access motor circuit simultaneously disconnects the first brush group from motor circuit.Folder between first brush group and commutator Drift angle is borrowed in first in angle, and the angle between the second brush group and commutator borrows drift angle in second.Wherein first borrow drift angle and second By means of drift angle be according to empirical value it is preset, be able to suppress the reactance potential generated in commutation process borrow drift angle, generally arrived at 0 degree (shift to an earlier date 0 degree to 28 degree along steering direction) between 28 degree.
Above-mentioned motor respectively uses one group of brush when motor rotates and reverse, can individually set for this two groups of brushes in this way Set and borrow drift angle so that motor respectively uses one group of brush when rotating and reverse, guarantee motor either rotates forward or when reversion, electricity The electric spark of brush borrowed drift angle that can maintain preset desired angle, inhibit when motor positive and inverse, extends electrical machinery life.And The switching of brush realizes that, relative to the prior art for using mechanical structure to realize, wide usage is more preferably by circuit.
Fig. 1 is the connection relationship diagram of the first brush group and the second brush group in motor circuit in an embodiment.? In embodiment shown in FIG. 1, switch unit includes the first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S1 and the second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S2.Motor circuit First electrode E1 be connected in series motor rotor coil C1 and the first brush group the first brush B11 after be connected to the first hilted broadsword The first non-moving end of commutator S1, the second non-moving end of the first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S1 are connected in series the first of the second brush group The first non-moving end of the second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S2 is connected to after brush B21 and the second brush B12 of the first brush group.First is single The stator coil C 2 of motor is connected between the moved end of double-pole double throw switch S1 and the moved end of the second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S2.Rotor coil One end of first brush B11 of C1 connection the first brush group also passes through second brush B22 the second hilted broadsword of connection of the second brush group The second non-moving end of commutator S2.The one of first brush B21 of second brush B12 connection the second brush group of the first brush group Hold the polarity of the second electrode E2, first electrode E1 and second electrode E2 that are also connected with motor circuit opposite.
In motor work, the first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S1 and the second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S2 are synchronization actions, that is, are worked as When motor rotates forward, the first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S1 and the second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S2 are connected to the second non-moving end, electrode E1, turn Subcoil C1, brush B22, stator coil C 2, brush B21, electrode E2 are sequentially connected composition circuit;When motor reversal, first Single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S1 and the second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S2 is connected to the first non-moving end, electrode E1, rotor coil C1, brush B11, stator coil C 2, brush B12, electrode E2 are sequentially connected composition circuit.
In one embodiment, motor further includes brush switching module, for make when motor rotates forward the first brush group with Commutator face is in contact, the second brush group and commutator face are separated, and makes the second brush group in motor reversal and change It is in contact to device surface, the first brush group and commutator face are separated.Brush switching module can prevent idle brush Group is contacted with commutator, to avoid rotor coil short circuit, the power of motor and efficiency is caused all to reduce.
In one embodiment, brush switching module includes (changing brush disengaging by elastic force for flicking brush To device surface) mechanical structure.
In one embodiment, motor is ac motor, and first electrode E1 is exchange firewire, and second electrode E2 is exchange Zero curve.
In one embodiment, motor is dc motor, and first electrode E1 is positive, anti-in motor when motor rotates forward Cathode when turning, second electrode E2 be when motor rotates forward cathode, in motor reversal when be anode.
In one embodiment, the brush of the first brush group and the second brush group is carbon brush, and the material of carbon brush can be gold Belong to graphite, natural graphite, electrographite etc..Wherein the main material of metallic graphite carbon can be cathode copper and graphite, according to using Other metals such as silver powder, aluminium powder, lead powder can also be adulterated when needing.The adhesive of natural graphite uses pitch or resin, warp It crosses baking or 1000 degree is sintered.The main component of electrographite is the various carbon dusty materials such as carbon black, coke and graphite Composition, through 2500 degree of high-temperature process, is converted into micro-crystal type artificial graphite.
Commutator is the several contact chips to form a circle around armature, each contact being separately connected on rotor, and brush is in office The meaning moment only contacts two contact chips therein.In one embodiment, commutator is commutating coil.
The present invention also provides a kind of blower, the motor of blower include motor circuit, commutator, the first brush group, Second brush group and switch unit, the first brush group and the second brush group respectively include two brushes.Switch unit is used for electronic The first brush group is accessed into motor circuit when machine rotates forward and disconnects the second brush group from motor circuit, is also used to electronic The second brush group is accessed into motor circuit when machine inverts and disconnects the first brush group from motor circuit.First brush group and Angle between commutator borrows drift angle in first, and the angle between the second brush group and commutator borrows drift angle in second.Wherein One borrow drift angle and second borrow drift angle be it is preset according to empirical value, to be able to suppress borrowing for the reactance potential generated in commutation process inclined Angle, generally between 0 degree to 28 degree.
The motor of above-mentioned blower respectively uses one group of brush when rotating and reverse, and in this way can be this two groups of brush lists Solely drift angle is borrowed in setting, when guaranteeing that motor is either rotated forward or inverted, brush can maintain preset reason by means of drift angle Think angle, inhibit electric spark when motor forward/backward rotation, extends electrical machinery life.And the switching of brush is realized by circuit, relatively In the prior art realized using mechanical structure, wide usage is more preferably.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, switch unit includes the first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S1 and the second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S2.After the rotor coil C1 of motor and the first brush B11 of the first brush group is connected in series in the first electrode E1 of motor circuit It is connected to the first non-moving end of the first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S1, the second non-moving end of the first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S1 is connected in series the The of the second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S2 is connected to after first brush B21 of two brush groups and the second brush B12 of the first brush group One non-moving end.Determining for motor is connected between the moved end of first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S1 and the moved end of the second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S2 Subcoil C2.One end of first brush B11 of rotor coil C1 connection the first brush group also passes through the second electricity of the second brush group Brush the second non-moving end of the second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of B22 connection S2.Second brush B12 connection the second brush group of the first brush group The first brush B21 one end be also connected with motor circuit second electrode E2, first electrode E1 and second electrode E2 polarity phase Instead.
In electric motor operation, the first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S1 and the second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S2 are synchronization actions, i.e., When motor rotates forward, the first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S1 and the second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S2 are connected to the second non-moving end, electrode E1, rotor coil C1, brush B22, stator coil C 2, brush B21, electrode E2 are sequentially connected composition circuit;When motor inverts When, the first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S1 and the second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) S2 are connected to the first non-moving end, electrode E1, rotor coil C1, brush B11, stator coil C 2, brush B12, electrode E2 are sequentially connected composition circuit.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of blower in an embodiment, and motor 110 is located at the inside of blower.
In one embodiment, motor is ac motor, and first electrode E1 is exchange firewire, and second electrode E2 is to hand over Flow zero curve.
In one embodiment, motor further includes brush switching module, for making the first brush when motor rotates forward Group is in contact with commutator face, the second brush group and commutator face are separated, and makes the second brush in motor reversion Group is in contact with commutator face, the first brush group and commutator face are separated.Brush switching module can prevent from not working Brush group contacted with commutator, thus avoid rotor coil short circuit, cause the power of motor and efficiency all to reduce.
In one embodiment, brush switching module includes (changing brush disengaging by elastic force for flicking brush To device surface) mechanical structure.
Each technical characteristic of embodiment described above can be combined arbitrarily, for simplicity of description, not to above-mentioned reality It applies all possible combination of each technical characteristic in example to be all described, as long as however, the combination of these technical characteristics is not deposited In contradiction, all should be considered as described in this specification.
The embodiments described above only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously It cannot therefore be construed as limiting the scope of the patent.It should be pointed out that coming for those of ordinary skill in the art It says, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to protection of the invention Range.Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the invention shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of motor, including motor circuit and commutator, which is characterized in that further include the first brush group, the second brush group and Switch unit, the first brush group and the second brush group respectively include two brushes, and the switch unit is used to rotate forward in motor When the first brush group is accessed into the motor circuit and disconnects the second brush group from the motor circuit, also For the second brush group to be accessed the motor circuit and by the first brush group from the motor in motor reversal Circuit Interrupt is opened;Angle between the first brush group and the commutator borrows drift angle in first, the second brush group and Angle between the commutator borrows drift angle in second.
2. motor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the switch unit includes the first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) and the The rotor coil and the first brush group of the motor is connected in series in two single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)s, the first electrode of the motor circuit The first non-moving end of first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) is connected to after first brush, the second of first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) is not Moved end is connected to described after the first brush of the second brush group and the second brush of the first brush group is connected in series First non-moving end of two single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)s, the moved end of first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) and the moved end of the second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) Between be connected to the stator coil of the motor, one end that the rotor coil connects the first brush of the first brush group is also logical The second brush for crossing the second brush group connects the second non-moving end of second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), the first brush group One end of the second brush the first brush for connecting the second brush group be also connected with the second electrode of the motor circuit, it is described The polarity of first electrode and second electrode is opposite.
3. motor according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the motor is ac motor, and the first electrode is Firewire is exchanged, the second electrode is AC neutral line.
4. motor according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the motor is dc motor, and the first electrode exists Motor is anode when rotating forward, in motor reversal is cathode, and the second electrode is cathode, in motor reversal when motor rotates forward When be anode.
5. motor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include brush switching module, for the motor just The first brush group is set to be in contact when turning with the commutator face, the second brush group mutually takes off with the commutator face From, and so that the second brush group is in contact with the commutator face in the motor reversal, the first brush group with The commutator face is separated.
6. motor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the commutator is commutating coil.
7. motor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described first borrows drift angle and second that the range of drift angle is borrowed to be greater than Zero degree is less than or equal to 28 degree.
8. a kind of blower, including motor, the motor includes motor circuit and commutator, which is characterized in that further includes First brush group, the second brush group and switch unit, the first brush group and the second brush group respectively include two brushes, described Switch unit is used for when motor rotates forward will the first brush group access motor circuit and by the second brush group It is disconnected from the motor circuit, being also used to when motor inverts will the second brush group access motor circuit, simultaneously The first brush group is disconnected from the motor circuit;Angle between the first brush group and the commutator is in the One borrows drift angle, and the angle between the second brush group and the commutator borrows drift angle in second.
9. blower according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the switch unit include the first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) and The rotor coil and the first brush of the motor is connected in series in second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), the first electrode of the motor circuit It is connected to the first non-moving end of first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) after first brush of group, the of first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) Two non-moving ends are connected to institute after the first brush of the second brush group and the second brush of the first brush group is connected in series State the first non-moving end of the second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), the moved end of first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) and the second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) The stator coil of the motor is connected between moved end, the rotor coil connects the one of the first brush of the first brush group End also connects the second non-moving end of second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) by the second brush of the second brush group, and described first One end that second brush of brush group connects the first brush of the second brush group is also connected with the second electricity of the motor circuit The polarity of pole, the first electrode and second electrode is opposite.
10. blower according to claim 8, which is characterized in that further include brush switching module, in the motor The first brush group is set to be in contact when rotating forward with the commutator face, the second brush group and the commutator face phase It is detached from, and so that the second brush group is in contact with the commutator face in the motor reversal, the first brush group It is separated with the commutator face.
CN201711489759.0A 2017-12-29 2017-12-29 Motor and blowing and sucking machine Active CN109995192B (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201711489759.0A CN109995192B (en) 2017-12-29 2017-12-29 Motor and blowing and sucking machine

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201711489759.0A CN109995192B (en) 2017-12-29 2017-12-29 Motor and blowing and sucking machine

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CN109995192A true CN109995192A (en) 2019-07-09
CN109995192B CN109995192B (en) 2024-04-09

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JPH06225501A (en) * 1993-01-22 1994-08-12 Asmo Co Ltd Brush assembly
US20020163259A1 (en) * 1999-12-17 2002-11-07 Ricoh Company, Ltd. DC motor
JP2005295687A (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-20 Ntt Data Ex Techno Corp Commutator motor
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CN103575199A (en) * 2013-11-08 2014-02-12 肖功宽 Device for determining positions of electric brushes of direct-current motor
CN204578329U (en) * 2015-04-14 2015-08-19 广州智航电子科技有限公司 A kind of four pole direct current permanent magnet motors
CN204721159U (en) * 2015-05-12 2015-10-21 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 Power tool
CN106533067A (en) * 2016-11-22 2017-03-22 清华大学 Electromechanical hybrid non-arc commutation multi-phase inverter
CN207853695U (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-09-11 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 motor and blower

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1189901A (en) * 1982-11-30 1985-07-02 Mykola Sereda Switching by means of rectifiers in electrical machines
JPH06225501A (en) * 1993-01-22 1994-08-12 Asmo Co Ltd Brush assembly
US20020163259A1 (en) * 1999-12-17 2002-11-07 Ricoh Company, Ltd. DC motor
JP2005295687A (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-20 Ntt Data Ex Techno Corp Commutator motor
CN101127459A (en) * 2007-07-18 2008-02-20 尹得强 Low cost current excitation electromotor
CN102738998A (en) * 2011-04-07 2012-10-17 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 Brush DC motor
CN103575199A (en) * 2013-11-08 2014-02-12 肖功宽 Device for determining positions of electric brushes of direct-current motor
CN204578329U (en) * 2015-04-14 2015-08-19 广州智航电子科技有限公司 A kind of four pole direct current permanent magnet motors
CN204721159U (en) * 2015-05-12 2015-10-21 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 Power tool
CN106533067A (en) * 2016-11-22 2017-03-22 清华大学 Electromechanical hybrid non-arc commutation multi-phase inverter
CN207853695U (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-09-11 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 motor and blower

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