CN109974526B - Manned lunar landing radiation protection method based on assembly shield - Google Patents
Manned lunar landing radiation protection method based on assembly shield Download PDFInfo
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- CN109974526B CN109974526B CN201910355987.1A CN201910355987A CN109974526B CN 109974526 B CN109974526 B CN 109974526B CN 201910355987 A CN201910355987 A CN 201910355987A CN 109974526 B CN109974526 B CN 109974526B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/06—Shields
- F41H5/08—Shields for personal use, i.e. hand held shields
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F3/00—Shielding characterised by its physical form, e.g. granules, or shape of the material
Abstract
A manned lunar landing radiation protection method based on an assembly shield relates to the technical field of deep space exploration; the method comprises the following steps: step one, folding a protective shield and placing the folded protective shield into a sleeping capsule of a spaceman in a moon-landing capsule; taking down the protective shield from the sleeping cabin to carry about when the astronaut goes out of the cabin and executes a task on the surface of the moon; step three, after the astronaut receives the radiation early warning transmitted from the ground station; judging whether a protection shield is opened to shield the radiation protection device according to the radiation early warning content; meanwhile, whether the task is continuously executed is judged; step four, the astronaut completes the task while realizing the radiation protection of the astronaut; the invention realizes convenient and effective emergency protection for astronauts during the lunar outbound activities, and also can give consideration to radiation protection in other time periods in the mission period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of deep space exploration, in particular to a manned lunar landing radiation protection method based on an assembly shield.
Background
The most critical element for the success or failure of the traditional manned lunar landing mission is the safety of astronauts, wherein the effect of space particle radiation damage is an important factor threatening the safety and health of the astronauts. During the on-orbit period, the astronauts, once out of the earth space (atmosphere, magnetic field) protection, will continue to encounter the bombardment of space particle radiation of different energies and intensities, thereby creating a radiation damage risk. Space radiation sources that astronauts may encounter while in orbit include mainly the galaxy cosmic rays, the sudden solar energy particles, the earth's radiation zone capturing protons and electrons, and the like. The Galaxy cosmic ray is an environment which astronauts can continuously encounter in orbit; the earth radiation zone particles mainly affect the stage of passing through the earth radiation zone when the astronaut runs for the month and returns to the ground; solar energy particles are short-term emergencies that can affect astronauts in the presence of solar proton events. Among the above radiation sources, the radiation environment of the cosmic rays of the silver river and the earth radiation zone belongs to a long-term or definite environment, and the solar energy particles have the characteristics of burst, short time and large dose.
When the astronaut leaves the effective protective structure of the lunar chamber body, the astronaut can be influenced by more serious space particle radiation under the same condition. Especially if the solar particle event is extremely encountered and effective protection measures are not taken, a fatal dose can be generated to the astronauts in a short time (hours), and the radiation risk of the lunar activities of the astronauts is extremely high. Special emergency radiation protection measures must be taken.
Based on the Apollo program and the requirements of other manned lunar landing technical researches, a great deal of work is carried out at home and abroad aiming at the radiation exposure dose limit value of astronauts, the radiation protection design of space suits, the radiation protection design of lunar landing cabins and the like. However, for emergency protection of extreme events during the outbound activities of astronauts, the protection purpose is realized mainly by means of shielding space suits with lower thickness, shortening outbound time and the like. For future manned monthly tasks, the time requirements, safety requirements and the like of the outbound activities are further improved, and the current design means has the possibility of being incapable of meeting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a manned lunar landing radiation protection method based on an assembly shield, realizes convenient and effective emergency protection for astronauts during lunar departure activities, and also can give consideration to radiation protection in other periods in a duty period.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a manned lunar landing radiation protection method based on an assembly shield comprises the following steps:
step one, folding a protective shield and placing the folded protective shield into a sleeping capsule of a spaceman in a moon-landing capsule;
taking down the protective shield from the sleeping cabin to carry about when the astronaut goes out of the cabin and executes a task on the surface of the moon;
step three, after the astronaut receives the radiation early warning transmitted from the ground station; judging whether a protection shield is opened to shield the radiation protection device according to the radiation early warning content; meanwhile, whether the task is continuously executed is judged;
and step four, the astronaut completes the task while realizing the radiation protection of the astronaut.
In the manned lunar landing radiation protection method based on the assembly shield, in the first step, the bottom wall of the sleeping cabin is provided with the installation groove, so that the protection shield is placed in the installation groove of the sleeping cabin.
In the manned lunar landing radiation protection method based on the assembly shield, in the first step, the protection shield is in a rectangular cushion-shaped structure in an open state; the length is 1.7-1.8 m; the width is 0.7-1.2 m; the thickness is 3-12 cm.
In the manned lunar landing radiation protection method based on the assembly shield, in the first step, the protection shield is made of mixed materials including polyethylene and boron; the polyethylene accounts for 64 to 80 percent of the total mass; the proportion of boron in the total mass is 20-36%.
In the manned lunar landing radiation protection method based on the assembly shield, in the first step, the protection shield is folded in a curling mode or a folding mode;
when the protection shield is folded in a curling mode, the folded protection shield is of a cylindrical structure; the diameter is 25.4-50 cm; the axial length is 0.7-1.2 m;
when the protection shield is folded in a folding way, the folded protection shield is of a cuboid structure; the length is 0.57-0.9 m; the width is 0.23-0.4 m; the thickness is 0.27-0.48 m.
In the manned lunar landing radiation protection method based on the assembly shield, when the assembly shield is folded in a folding mode, the gap distance between adjacent folding layers is smaller than the thickness of the shield
In the above personal lunar landing radiation protection method based on the assembly shield, in the third step, the radiation early warning content transmitted from the ground station includes: normal radiation early warning, lightweight radiation early warning and severe radiation early warning.
In the above personal lunar landing radiation protection method based on the assembly shield, in the third step, the early warning parameters of the radiation early warning content transmitted by the ground station include: time remaining for the astronaut to perform a mission t1Time t for returning the astronaut from the task execution point to the lunar chamber2And radiance λ produced by the burst solar particles;
when t is less than or equal to 01+t2) When lambda is less than or equal to 8mSv, the ground station sends out normal radiation early warning;
when 8mSv < (t)1+t2) When lambda is less than or equal to 83mSv, the ground station sends out a light-weight radiation early warning;
when 83mSv < (t)1+t2) And when lambda is obtained, the ground station sends out serious radiation early warning.
In the above-mentioned manned lunar landing radiation protection method based on the assembly shield,
when the astronaut receives the normal radiation early warning, the astronaut does not open the protective shield and continues to execute the task;
when the astronaut receives the lightweight radiation early warning, the astronaut opens the protection shield and continues to execute the task; after the task is completed, returning to the moon chamber;
when the astronaut receives the serious radiation early warning, the astronaut opens the protective shield, stops executing the task and immediately returns to the lunar chamber; and returning to the lunar surface to continue executing the task when the normal radiation early warning is received.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention designs a foldable protection shield embedded in a sleeping cabin of an astronaut, wherein the protection shield is taken out of an embedding device of the sleeping cabin when the astronaut takes out of the sleeping cabin, is curled, folded and carried about, and a radiation protection device has excellent portability;
(2) when an astronaut encounters an emergency radiation event during traveling, the emergency early warning signal is sent to the astronaut from the ground, the astronaut receives early warning, the protection shield can be unfolded at any time to serve as a radiation protection device, and the emergency applicability of the protection method is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of radiation protection during lunar landing;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the protective shield and the sleeping capsule of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
the invention provides a manned lunar landing radiation protection method based on an assembly shield, which can carry out convenient and effective emergency protection when an astronaut goes out of the moon, and also can give consideration to radiation protection in other time periods in the mission period of the astronaut, thereby providing a more optimized, wider, longer and safer detection opportunity for the astronaut to go out of the moon.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a lunar landing radiation protection flowchart, it can be known that a manned lunar landing radiation protection method based on an assembly shield designs a foldable protection shield embedded in a sleeping cabin of an astronaut;
when the astronaut leaves the cabin, the protective shield 1 is taken out of the embedding device of the sleeping cabin 2 and is carried along after being curled and folded; when an emergency radiation event occurs during traveling, an emergency early warning signal is sent to a spaceman from the ground, and the spaceman receives early warning; after judging that further protection measures need to be carried out, the astronaut unfolds the protection shield 1 as a radiation protection device to achieve the protection purpose; according to the radiation condition, making a decision to return to a lunar landing under the protection of a protective shield 1, or continuing to carry out a lunar execution task after short-time risk avoidance; after returning to the lunar chamber, the astronaut places the protective shield 1 back into the sleeping chamber embedding structure and uses the protective shield in the lunar chamber if necessary.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, as shown in fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of a protective shield and a sleeping capsule is shown, and as can be seen from the figure, the protective shield 1 is folded and is placed in a sleeping capsule 2 of a spaceman in a lunar chamber; be provided with the mounting groove on the diapire of sleep cabin 2, realize laying protection shield 1 in the mounting groove of sleep cabin 2. The protection shield 1 is in a rectangular cushion-shaped structure in an open state; the length is 1.7-1.8 m; the width is 0.7-1.2 m; the thickness is 3-12 cm. The protective shield 1 is made of mixed materials including polyethylene and boron; the polyethylene accounts for 64 to 80 percent of the total mass; the proportion of boron in the total mass is 20-36%. Under the condition of the same weight, the material can achieve better protection effect. From the viewpoint of the material radiation shielding effect, the smaller the ionization energy loss of incident particles in the shielding material, the better, and the larger the probability of nuclear interaction, the better.
The protective shield 1 is folded in a curling mode or a folding mode;
when the protection shield 1 is folded in a curling mode, the folded protection shield 1 is of a cylindrical structure; the diameter is 25.4-50 cm; the axial length is 0.7-1.2 m;
when the protection shield 1 is folded in a folding manner, the folded protection shield is of a cuboid structure; the length is 0.57-0.9 m; the width is 0.23-0.4 m; the thickness is 0.27-0.48 m. When folded in a folding manner, the gap distance between adjacent folding layers is smaller than the thickness of the protective shield 1
The main components of the protective shield 1 comprise a rectangular radiation protection material which is capable of being curled and folded easily and has the size equivalent to that of a human body, and the auxiliary components with interfaces in the lunar landing cabin comprise a sleeping cabin 2, a sleeping cabin 2 mounting groove structure, an automatic curling device, a portable outer belt bag and the like.
Step two, when the astronaut goes out of the cabin and executes a task on the surface of the moon, the protective shield 1 is taken down from the sleeping cabin 2 and carried with the user;
step three, after the sun bursts for tens of minutes or hours, the high-energy charged particles are generatedThe flow will reach near the earth-moon space and it will take several hours to accumulate the dose value harmful to human body, and according to the current monitoring level and ability, the ground has the time to send the early warning to the astronaut. And after receiving the early warning, the astronaut takes subsequent corresponding measures. After the astronaut receives the radiation early warning transmitted from the ground station; judging whether a protection shield 1 is opened to shield the radiation protection shield according to the radiation early warning content; meanwhile, whether the task is continuously executed is judged; the contents of the radiation early warning transmitted from the ground station comprise: normal radiation early warning, lightweight radiation early warning and severe radiation early warning. The early warning parameters of the early warning content of the emission radiation of the ground station comprise: time remaining for the astronaut to perform a mission t1Time t for returning the astronaut from the task execution point to the lunar chamber2And radiance λ produced by the burst solar particles;
when t is less than or equal to 01+t2) When lambda is less than or equal to 8mSv, the ground station sends out normal radiation early warning; when the astronaut receives the normal radiation early warning, the astronaut does not open the protective shield 1 and continues to execute the task;
when 8mSv < (t)1+t2) When lambda is less than or equal to 83mSv, the ground station sends out a light-weight radiation early warning; when the astronaut receives the lightweight radiation early warning, the astronaut opens the shield 1 and continues to execute tasks; after the task is completed, returning to the moon chamber;
when 83mSv < (t)1+t2) When lambda is detected, the ground station sends out a serious radiation early warning; when the astronaut receives the serious radiation early warning, the astronaut opens the protective shield 1, stops executing the task and immediately returns to the lunar chamber; the protective shield is put into the sandwich structure again to serve as the sleeping cabin 2 shield, and if high-strength events happen in non-cabin-out periods, astronauts can enter the sleeping cabin 2 to avoid risks. And returning to the lunar surface to continue executing the task when the normal radiation early warning is received.
And step four, the astronaut completes the task while realizing the radiation protection of the astronaut.
After judging that further protection measures need to be carried out, the astronaut takes out the protection shield from the portable bag, unfolds the protection shield to serve as a radiation protection device, and can form a protection space together with the protection shield by virtue of the natural landform of the moon if necessary or cover lunar soil on the surface of the protection shield to serve as an auxiliary protection means to jointly achieve the protection purpose.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A manned lunar landing radiation protection method based on an assembly shield is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, folding the protective shield (1) and putting the folded protective shield into a spaceman sleeping cabin (2) in a lunar landing cabin;
taking the protective shield (1) down from the sleeping cabin (2) to carry along when the astronaut goes out of the cabin and executes a task on the surface of the moon;
step three, after the astronaut receives the radiation early warning transmitted from the ground station; judging whether a protection shield (1) is opened to shield the protection shield according to the radiation early warning content; meanwhile, whether the task is continuously executed is judged;
the contents of the radiation early warning transmitted from the ground station comprise: normal radiation early warning, light-weight radiation early warning and severe radiation early warning;
in the third step, the early warning parameters of the radiation early warning content transmitted by the ground station include: time remaining for the astronaut to perform a mission t1Time t for returning the astronaut from the task execution point to the lunar chamber2And radiance λ produced by the burst solar particles;
when t is less than or equal to 01+t2) When lambda is less than or equal to 8mSv, the ground station sends out normal radiation early warning;
when 8mSv < (t)1+t2) When lambda is less than or equal to 83mSv, the ground station sends out a light-weight radiation early warning;
when 83mSv < (t)1+t2) When lambda is detected, the ground station sends out a serious radiation early warning;
when the astronaut receives the normal radiation early warning, the astronaut does not open the protective shield (1) and continues to execute the task;
when the astronaut receives the lightweight radiation early warning, the astronaut opens the shield (1) and continues to execute tasks; after the task is completed, returning to the moon chamber;
when the astronaut receives the serious radiation early warning, the astronaut opens the protective shield (1), stops executing the task and immediately returns to the lunar chamber; returning to the lunar surface to continue executing the task when the normal radiation early warning is received;
and step four, the astronaut completes the task while realizing the radiation protection of the astronaut.
2. The manned lunar landing radiation protection method based on the assembly shield, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the first step, a mounting groove is formed in the bottom wall of the sleeping cabin (2), and the protective shield (1) is placed in the mounting groove of the sleeping cabin (2).
3. The manned lunar landing radiation protection method based on the assembly shield as recited in claim 2, wherein: in the first step, the protection shield (1) is in a rectangular cushion-shaped structure in an open state; the length is 1.7-1.8 m; the width is 0.7-1.2 m; the thickness is 3-12 cm.
4. The manned lunar landing radiation protection method based on the assembly shield, according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the first step, the protective shield (1) is made of mixed materials including polyethylene and boron; the polyethylene accounts for 64 to 80 percent of the total mass; the proportion of boron in the total mass is 20-36%.
5. The manned lunar landing radiation protection method based on the assembly shield, according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the first step, the protective shield (1) is folded in a curling mode or a folding mode;
when the protection shield is folded in a curling mode, the folded protection shield (1) is of a cylindrical structure; the diameter is 25.4-50 cm; the axial length is 0.7-1.2 m;
when the protection shield is folded in a folding way, the folded protection shield (1) is of a cuboid structure; the length is 0.57-0.9 m; the width is 0.23-0.4 m; the thickness is 0.27-0.48 m.
6. According to claim 5The manned lunar landing radiation protection method based on the assembly shield is characterized in that: when folded in a folding way, the gap distance between adjacent folding layers is smaller than the thickness of the protective shield (1)
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