CN109971987B - Copper-titanium alloy for grinding wheel matrix and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Copper-titanium alloy for grinding wheel matrix and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN109971987B
CN109971987B CN201910262283.XA CN201910262283A CN109971987B CN 109971987 B CN109971987 B CN 109971987B CN 201910262283 A CN201910262283 A CN 201910262283A CN 109971987 B CN109971987 B CN 109971987B
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copper
grinding wheel
titanium alloy
powder
alloy
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CN109971987A (en
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王聪
范永刚
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Northeastern University China
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
    • B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/047—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy comprising intermetallic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a copper-titanium alloy for a grinding wheel matrix and a preparation method thereof, wherein the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu powder: 70-80%, Ti powder: 20-30%. The preparation method comprises the following steps: according to the proportion, uniformly mixing Cu powder and Ti powder to prepare a mixture, then carrying out compression molding, keeping the pressure at 35-100 MPa for 10-30 min to prepare an alloy green body, heating the alloy green body from room temperature to a sintering temperature of 1085-1150 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min, sintering for 10-60 min, carrying out the sintering process under the atmosphere of inert gas, cooling and discharging the sintered alloy out of a furnace to prepare the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel substrate. The copper-titanium alloy prepared by the method has extremely high strength, excellent toughness, good brittleness and thermal conductivity, easily obtained raw materials and short mixing time. By accurately controlling the sintering temperature, the heating rate and the heat preservation time, the prepared alloy not only has the components meeting the requirements, but also has good performance.

Description

Copper-titanium alloy for grinding wheel matrix and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to a copper-titanium alloy for a grinding wheel matrix and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Although copper and titanium are currently being studied more, there is really a lack of insight into Cu-Ti alloys, which have a variety of intermetallic compounds. At present, most of research on copper-titanium alloys focuses on copper-rich areas, which are areas where only part of titanium is dissolved in copper and where the solubility of titanium changes greatly with temperature, so that aging strengthening can be easily performed. Research shows that the mechanical and physical properties of age-hardened copper-titanium alloy (1-6 wt.% Ti) can be compared favorably with those of copper-beryllium alloy. Although copper-beryllium alloy has excellent physical properties and mechanical properties, beryllium has certain toxicity and can harm human health in the using process, so that the research on the copper-titanium alloy as a substitute of the toxic copper-beryllium alloy becomes very significant.
At present, Cu is studied specially4Since Ti is a little in such a copper-titanium intermetallic compound, pure Cu is expected to be obtained by using a raw material ratio of 4:1 in an atomic ratio4A Ti intermetallic compound. Meanwhile, microhardness tests of a reaction layer formed by copper and titanium diffusion show that the hardness of the intermetallic compound is far higher than that of a pure copper or pure titanium metal matrix, so that the intermetallic compound can be used as a reinforcing phase of the grinding wheel matrix. For example, in the copper-based boron nitride grinding wheel, titanium element is added as an active element to react with boron nitride to generate titanium nitride and titanium boride, so that chemical connection between a metal matrix and a boron nitride grinding material is established, the holding force of the matrix on the boron nitride is enhanced, and the grinding wheel can be effectively prevented from losing efficacy due to falling of the boron nitride grinding material. Meanwhile, copper and titanium also react to generate intermetallic compounds which can obviously improve the copper as a reinforcing phaseThe strength of the matrix improves the service life of the grinding wheel. In addition, due to good heat conduction performance, heat can be released quickly in the grinding process of the grinding wheel, and the surface of the workpiece cannot be damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a copper-titanium alloy for a grinding wheel matrix and a preparation method thereof, wherein the alloy is an alloy with higher strength and excellent toughness, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu powder: 70-80%, Ti powder: 20-30%; the sum of the mass percentages of the Cu powder and the Ti powder is 100 percent.
The micro-hardness of the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel base body is 550-650 HV, and the impact toughness is 40-55J/cm2。
The preparation method of the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing materials: uniformly mixing Cu powder and Ti powder according to the component proportion of the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix to prepare a mixture;
(2) molding: uniformly putting the mixture into a die, pressing and forming under the pressure of 35-100 MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 10-30 min to obtain an alloy green body;
(3) demolding: demolding the pressed alloy green body;
(4) and (3) sintering:
(1) heating the alloy green body from room temperature to a sintering temperature of 1085-1150 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min, and sintering for 10-60 min, wherein the sintering process is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere;
(2) cooling to the temperature of less than or equal to 40 ℃ after sintering, and discharging to obtain the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix.
In the step (1), the particle size ranges of the Cu powder and the Ti powder are both 45-60 mu m.
In the step (1), the mixing time is 0.5-2 h.
In the step (2), the compression molding is carried out at room temperature, and the compression molding is carried out by adopting a hydraulic press.
In the step (3), a steel mold is used for demolding.
In the step 4(4-1), the inert gas is argon, and the inert gas is used for isolating air, so that the sintering process is carried out in an oxygen-free environment.
In the step 4(4-2), the prepared copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix is uniformly distributed, and the phase of the alloy is mainly Cu4Ti compound with a small amount of Cu interposed3Ti2And compounding to obtain the intermetallic compound meeting the composition target.
In the preparation process of the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel, Ti and Cu react and generate a series of phase changes in the middle to finally generate a target alloy phase, and the specific reaction formula is as follows:
2Cu+Ti＝Cu2ti and 5Cu2Ti＝2Cu3Ti2+Cu4Ti。
Compared with the existing copper-titanium alloy, the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the copper-titanium alloy disclosed by the invention has extremely high strength, excellent toughness and good brittleness, and also has good thermal conductivity.
(2) The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of easily-obtained raw materials, low cost and short mixing time. By accurately controlling the sintering temperature, the heating rate and the heat preservation time, the prepared alloy not only has the components meeting the requirements, but also has the performance guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows Cu in the Cu-Ti alloy for grinding wheel base prepared in example 14Metallographic microscopic morphology of Ti alloy phase.
FIG. 2 shows Cu of the copper-titanium alloy for grinding wheel base prepared in example 1 after micro-hardness test4Metallographic microscopic morphology of Ti alloy phase.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
The copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu powder: 70%, Ti powder: 30 percent; the sum of the mass percentages of the Cu powder and the Ti powder is 100 percent.
The preparation method of the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing materials: uniformly mixing Cu powder and Ti powder with the particle size range of 45 mu m for 1h according to the component proportion of the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix to prepare a mixture A;
step 2, forming: uniformly putting the mixture A into a die, cold-pressing and molding at the pressure of 50MPa for 25min to obtain an alloy green body;
step 3, demolding: demolding the pressed alloy green body;
and 4, sintering:
(1) sintering the alloy green body in an inert gas atmosphere, heating the alloy green body from room temperature to the sintering temperature of 1100 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and sintering for 30 min;
(2) cooling to less than or equal to 40 ℃ after sintering, discharging, and obtaining the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix, wherein the copper-titanium alloy has uniform tissue distribution and mainly Cu phase4Ti compound with small amount of Cu being intercalated3Ti2Obtaining intermetallic compound according with component target, wherein the chemical microscopic topography of the copper-titanium alloy is shown in figure 1, and after the alloy is subjected to microhardness test, Cu4The metallographic microscopic morphology of the Ti alloy phase after the microhardness test is shown in FIG. 2, and the microhardness is 650HV and the impact toughness is 40J/cm after the test2。
Example 2
The copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu powder: 75%, Ti powder: 25 percent; the sum of the mass percentages of the Cu powder and the Ti powder is 100 percent.
The preparation method of the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing materials: uniformly mixing Cu powder and Ti powder for 1h according to the component proportion of the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix to prepare a mixture A, wherein the particle size ranges of the Cu powder and the Ti powder are both 50 microns;
step 2, forming: uniformly putting the mixture A into a die, cold-pressing and molding at the pressure of 35MPa for 30min to obtain an alloy green body;
step 3, demolding: demolding the pressed alloy green body;
and 4, sintering:
(1) sintering the alloy green body in an inert gas atmosphere, raising the temperature from room temperature to a sintering temperature of 1085 ℃ at a temperature raising rate of 5 ℃/min, and sintering for 60 min;
(2) cooling to less than or equal to 40 ℃ after sintering, discharging, and obtaining the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix, wherein the copper-titanium alloy has uniform tissue distribution and mainly Cu phase4Ti compound with small amount of Cu being intercalated3Ti2The microhardness of the compound after microhardness test of the alloy is 600HV, and the impact toughness is 45J/cm2。
Example 3
The copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu powder: 77%, Ti powder: 23 percent; the sum of the mass percentages of the Cu powder and the Ti powder is 100 percent.
The preparation method of the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing materials: uniformly mixing Cu powder and Ti powder with the particle size range of 55 mu m for 1h according to the component proportion of the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix to prepare a mixture A;
step 2, forming: uniformly putting the mixture A into a die, cold-pressing and molding under the pressure of 100MPa for 10min to obtain an alloy green body;
step 3, demolding: demolding the pressed alloy green body;
and 4, sintering:
(1) sintering the alloy green body in an inert gas atmosphere, raising the temperature from room temperature to 1150 ℃ at a temperature raising rate of 8 ℃/min, and sintering for 10 min;
(2) cooling to less than or equal to 40 ℃ after sintering, discharging to obtain the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel, wherein the copper-titanium alloy has the structure distributionHomogeneous, phase predominantly Cu4Ti compound with small amount of Cu being intercalated3Ti2The microhardness of the compound after microhardness test of the alloy is 580HV, and the impact toughness is 50J/cm2。
Example 4
The copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu powder: 80%, Ti powder: 20 percent; the sum of the mass percentages of the Cu powder and the Ti powder is 100 percent.
The preparation method of the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing materials: uniformly mixing Cu powder and Ti powder for 1h according to the component proportion of the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix to prepare a mixture A, wherein the particle size ranges of the Cu powder and the Ti powder are both 60 mu m;
step 2, forming: uniformly putting the mixture A into a die, cold-pressing and molding at the pressure of 75MPa for 20min to obtain an alloy green body;
step 3, demolding: demolding the pressed alloy green body;
and 4, sintering:
(1) sintering the alloy green body in an inert gas atmosphere, heating the alloy green body from room temperature to a sintering temperature of 1130 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and sintering for 40 min;
(2) cooling to less than or equal to 40 ℃ after sintering, discharging to obtain the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel, wherein the copper-titanium alloy has uniform tissue distribution and mainly has Cu phase4Ti compound with small amount of Cu being intercalated3Ti2The microhardness of the compound after microhardness test of the alloy is 550HV and the impact toughness is 55J/cm2。

Claims (7)

1. The preparation method of the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix is characterized in that the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu powder: 70-80%, Ti powder: 20-30%; the sum of the mass percentages of the Cu powder and the Ti powder is 100 percent;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing materials: uniformly mixing Cu powder and Ti powder according to the component proportion of the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix to prepare a mixture;
(2) molding: uniformly putting the mixture into a die, pressing and forming under the pressure of 35-100 MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 10-30 min to obtain an alloy green body;
(3) demolding: demolding the pressed alloy green body;
(4) and (3) sintering:
(4-1) heating the alloy green body from room temperature to a sintering temperature of 1085-1150 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min, and sintering for 10-60 min, wherein the sintering process is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere;
(4-2) cooling to be less than or equal to 40 ℃ after sintering, and discharging to obtain the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel matrix.
2. The method for preparing the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel base body according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the grain sizes of the Cu powder and the Ti powder are both 45-60 μm.
3. The method for preparing the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel base body according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the mixing time is 0.5-2 hours.
4. The method for preparing a copper-titanium alloy for a grinding wheel base body according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the press forming is performed at room temperature, and the press forming is performed by using a hydraulic press.
5. The method for preparing the copper-titanium alloy for the grinding wheel base body according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4) (4-1), the inert gas is argon, and the inert gas is used for the purpose of isolating air, so that the sintering process is carried out in an oxygen-free environment.
6. The method for preparing a copper-titanium alloy for a grinding wheel base body according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4) (4-1), Ti and Cu react during sintering, and the reaction formula is as follows:
2Cu+ Ti = Cu2Ti；
5Cu2Ti=2Cu3Ti2+ Cu4Ti。
7. the method for producing the copper-titanium alloy for grinding wheel bases according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4) (4-2), the produced copper-titanium alloy for grinding wheel bases has a microhardness of 550 to 650HV and an impact toughness of 40 to 55J/cm2。
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CN111378866A (en) * 2020-04-21 2020-07-07 承德天大钒业有限责任公司 Copper-titanium intermediate alloy and preparation method and application thereof
CN112795810B (en) * 2020-12-25 2022-03-22 国工恒昌新材料沧州有限公司 Preparation method of C70250 nickel-silicon bronze strip

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JP3946619B2 (en) * 2002-11-12 2007-07-18 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 Copper alloy powder for overlaying
WO2016185407A2 (en) * 2015-05-18 2016-11-24 Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Brazing filler
CN105506345B (en) * 2015-12-15 2018-03-23 北京有色金属与稀土应用研究所 High heat-conductive diamond/copper composite encapsulating material and preparation method thereof
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CN107904424A (en) * 2017-11-09 2018-04-13 南昌航空大学 A kind of preparation method of the medical porous Ti Cu alloys of biologically active antimicrobial form
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CN109514442A (en) * 2018-07-10 2019-03-26 东北大学 A kind of CBN grinding wheel and preparation method thereof
CN109128154B (en) * 2018-08-09 2020-12-18 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 Preparation method for smelting TiCu50 master alloy material by adopting vacuum consumable arc

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