CN109970436A - Industrial alumina powder substitutes the formula and its preparation method and application of high-quality calcined bauxite in powder dry production pillar porcelain insulator - Google Patents
Industrial alumina powder substitutes the formula and its preparation method and application of high-quality calcined bauxite in powder dry production pillar porcelain insulator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the formulas and its preparation method and application that a kind of industrial alumina powder substitutes high-quality calcined bauxite in powder dry production pillar porcelain insulator, belong to insulator technology field.Industrial alumina powder of the present invention substitutes the formula of high-quality calcined bauxite in powder dry production pillar porcelain insulator, the raw material including following weight percentage: industrial alumina powder 12~16%, kaolin 28~36%, fluxing mineral 28~36%, eluriates soil 18~22%；Additional mineralizer 0.5~3%, dispersing agent 0.15~0.4%；The mineralizer is one of barium salt, magnesium salts or talcum or a variety of.Industrial alumina powder of the present invention substitutes the formula of high-quality calcined bauxite in powder dry production pillar porcelain insulator, designs simple science, and the product strength dispersibility of preparation is small, and intensity is high；Molding blank density is uniform, and internal stress is low；The present invention provides a kind of simple and convenient preparation method and application simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of industrial alumina powder substitute high-quality calcined bauxite in powder dry production pillar porcelain insulator formula and
Preparation method and application belong to insulator technology field.
Background technique
Mine resources are non-renewable resources.With the rapid development of our country's economy, the yield of aluminium and consumption figure is quick
Increase, high-quality bauxite ore resource constantly consumes, and brings very big influence to the production of electric ceramic industry aluminum porcelain.In addition, state
Family in recent years increasingly payes attention to the improvement of ecological environment and preventing and controlling, and it is not up to standard to have sequentially switched off large quantities of medium and small micro-loops guarantors
Alumina manufacturing enterprise, the supply of bauxite be also faced with shortage situation.In addition, electrotechnical porcelain product is all in reducing atmosphere now
Middle firing.This is because containing higher ferrotitanium oxide impurity in bauxite, sintering can make the burning of green body under reducing atmosphere
Decline at temperature, and sintering range is widened；In addition, sulfate impurities mineral pyrolysis gases can cause green body swollen
The swollen, porosity increases, the close decline of body, and only under reducing atmosphere just it can decompose before glaze melting and finish, gas is smoothly discharged
Body reduces the presence of closed pore.However when firing with reductive flame, fuel is in unburnt state, the flue gas pair of discharge
Atmosphere pollution is more serious, and furthermore burnup also can significantly increase when reducing flame.
Industrial alumina powder is easier to be made, and because it is with high mechanical strength, hardness is big, and high-frequency dielectric loss is small, high
Warm insulation resistance height, resistant to chemical etching and thermally conductive good equal excellent combinations technical performance advantage, can be used as a kind of excellent substitution
Raw material.However in practical application, because of its difficult forming, reasons, the electroceramics factory both domestic and external such as internal stress is big, firing temperature is higher
Family, which fails always, is applied to industrial alumina powder in dry production porcelain insulator, only has application during wet production
Report.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of industrial alumina powders to substitute high-quality calcined bauxite in powder dry production pillar porcelain insulator
Formula, design simple science, the product strength dispersibility of preparation is small, and intensity is high；Molding blank density is uniform, internal stress
It is low；The present invention provides a kind of simple and convenient preparation method and application simultaneously.
Industrial alumina powder of the present invention substitutes the formula of high-quality calcined bauxite in powder dry production pillar porcelain insulator, including with
The raw material of lower weight percentage: industrial alumina powder 12~16%, kaolin 28~36%, fluxing mineral 28~36% are washed in a pan
Wash soil 18~22%；Additional mineralizer 0.5~3%, dispersing agent 0.15~0.4%；
The additional amount of the mineralizer and dispersing agent respectively with industrial alumina powder, kaolin, fluxing mineral, eluriate soil
The metering of quality summation.
The mineralizer is one of barium salt, magnesium salts or talcum or a variety of.The addition of mineralizer is to alkali ions such as Na+
With " oppressive " and fluxing action, simultaneously as the ionic radius of mineralizer is larger, the excessive length of corundum crystal phase can be effectively suppressed
Greatly, increase the glossiness and consistency of porcelain body.
The fluxing mineral is one of feldspar, chapter village soil or Jingyang soil or a variety of, can effectively facilitate the sintering of porcelain body
With the formation of acicular mullite.
The dispersing agent is one of 9300, dextrin, PPC or a variety of, improves the mobility and suspendability of slurry.
Industrial alumina powder impurity used is few, and corundum is mutually more, is a kind of ideal electroceramics raw material, but its molding is tired
Hardly possible, internal stress are big, firing temperature is higher.The present invention added by pyramid, release mode, reaches the mesh for reducing green body internal stress
, to reduce the cold fried phenomenon of molding checking and firing；Meanwhile the addition of kaolin and elutriation soil is conducive to adjustment material
Property, improve blank strength；Fluxing mineral and additional mineralizer can reduce firing temperature, prevent excessively growing up for corundum crystal phase.
The industrial alumina powder substitutes the preparation method of high-quality calcined bauxite in powder dry production pillar porcelain insulator, including with
Lower step:
(1) raw material is weighed, raw material is put into ball mill ball milling；
(2) the new slurry of ball milling is subjected to testing graininess, reaches the existing new slurry granularity control standard of company (known in ceramic industry
Standard) it is sieved puts mill afterwards；
(3) after the new slurry for obtaining step (2) removes iron, by ion high speed atomisation Granulation Equipments, spray drying system is carried out
At powder, and be transported to aging 18 in feed bin~for 24 hours；Powder percent water is controlled 1.2 ± 0.3%；
(4) powder after will be aging in step (3), by way of large-scale dry method cold isostatic press compression moulding, compacting
At blank；Pyramid is taken to add when blank compacting, release mode；
(5) blank that step (4) obtains is subjected to repaired biscuit, closes lightly base processing, the openpore being disposed is put drying chamber into and done
It is dry；
(6) openpore after will be dry in step (5) carries out glazing and sanding processing, and high speed atomisation spraying process is taken in glazing,
For glazed body after glazing back into drying chamber, drying room temperature is 45 ± 5 DEG C；
(7) glazed body in step (6) is subjected to loading of kiln in 64~72h of drying chamber, using oxidizing flame or firing with reductive flame, burnt
It is 1200~1260 DEG C at maximum temperature.
Compaction curve in step (4) are as follows: 0~30MPa, 4~5min；1~2min of 30MPa pressure maintaining；30~60MPa, 2~
4min；60MPa, 1~2min of pressure maintaining；60~105MPa, 2~3min；1~2min of 105MPa pressure maintaining；105~60MPa, 2~
3min；1~2min of 60MPa pressure maintaining；60~30MPa, 2~4min；1~2min of 30MPa pressure maintaining；30~0MPa, 2~3min.
The curve that oxidizing flame is burnt into step (7) are as follows: room temperature~120 DEG C, 360~480min；120~120 DEG C, 100~
120min；120~340 DEG C, 400~460min；640~850 DEG C, 300~360min；850~970 DEG C, 120~240min；
970~980 DEG C, 840~900min；980~1060 DEG C, 200~240min；1060~1190 DEG C, 280~330min；1190
~1220 DEG C, 100~130min；1220~1240 DEG C, 160~200min；1240~1245 DEG C, 20~30min；1245~
1220 DEG C, 45~60min；1220~1150 DEG C, 120~160min；1150~900 DEG C, 120~160min；900~180 DEG C,
380~420min.
Formula of the present invention can be burnt into oxidizing flame, can also use firing with reductive flame, and existing calcined bauxite in powder is matched
Side can only use firing with reductive flame.
The industrial alumina powder substitutes high-quality calcined bauxite in powder dry production pillar porcelain insulator, is used to prepare high pressure stick
Pillar porcelain insulator product.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) formula is simple, and using ceramic conventional raw material, the product prepared has strength decentralization small, and design utilizes
The advantages that rate is high, and intensity is high；
(2) native using industrial alumina powder and elutriation, the impurity such as ferrotitanium are lower in raw material, chemical component and object phase stability
Higher, properties of product stability is got higher therewith；
(3) blank dimension of existing dry production porcelain strut insulator product is from 1000mm~3200mm etc., and green body
Volume constantly changes in forming process, and geometric dimension and density are in nonlinear change at any time, close inside and outside molding blank
Degree is unevenly distributed, and there are stress, and follow-up sintering is caused to be difficult to densify, and residual stress is also difficult to be eliminated, and the present invention is using golden word
It is tower plus, release mode, change pressurization, rate of pressure reduction in critical yield stress point, and suitably carry out pressure maintaining processing, ensure that
The deformation of high/low density area reaches unanimity in green body, improves blank density uniformity, reduces green body internal stress；
(4) compared with reducing flame, within the temperature range of the oxidizing flame sintering that the application uses, the performance of the porcelain body of preparation
It keeps stablizing, porcelain body whiteness is preferable, and mechanical strength the trend being decreased obviously will not occur with the raising of firing temperature；
(5) preparation method is simple, and firing time is reduced, and fuel combustion is complete in sintering process, energy-saving,
Air conservation is conducive to environmental protection.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the whiteness comparison diagram of product section under different formulations and atmosphere；
Fig. 2 is the comparison diagram of strip section impurity and lines under different formulations and atmosphere；
Wherein, a is the section of the product prepared under reducing atmosphere using calcined bauxite in powder formula；
B is the section of the product prepared under oxidizing atmosphere using commercial alumina formula；
C is the section of the product prepared under reducing atmosphere using commercial alumina formula.
Specific embodiment
Raw material used is commercially available.
Embodiment 1
Table 1 prepares the formula of porcelain insulator
The preparation process of the porcelain insulator is as follows:
(1) by getting out raw material according to the formula in table 1.Weighed respectively according to weight percent industrial alumina powder, kaolin,
Feldspar eluriates soil, barium carbonate and 9300, and is sequentially added into ball mill, sets Ball-milling Time as 11h, continuous ball milling；
(2) mill is put in sieving after testing graininess is qualified；
(3) it after new slurry removes iron, by ion high speed atomisation Granulation Equipments, carries out spray drying and powder is made, and be transported to
In feed bin it is aging for 24 hours；
(4) aging good powder is pressed into blank by way of large-scale dry method cold isostatic press compression moulding；Blank
Compaction curve are as follows: 0~30MPa, 4min；30MPa pressure maintaining 1min；30~60MPa, 2min；60MPa, pressure maintaining 1min；60~
105MPa, 2min；105MPa pressure maintaining 1min；105~60MPa, 2min；60MPa pressure maintaining 1min；60~30MPa, 2min；30MPa
Pressure maintaining 1min；30~0MPa, 2min；
Conventional compaction curve are as follows: 0~105MPa, 4min；105MPa pressure maintaining 2min；105~60MPa, 2min；60MPa is protected
Press 1min；60~0MPa, 2min.
(5) blank i.e. press i.e. repair, repaired biscuit, close lightly base processing after, openpore is put drying chamber into and is dried, drying time 20h；
(6) openpore after drying carries out glazing and sanding processing, and high speed atomisation spraying process, the glazed body after glazing are taken in glazing
Back into drying chamber, drying room temperature is 50 DEG C；
(7) glazed body starts loading of kiln after drying chamber 68h, and overall process is burnt into using oxidizing flame, and firing maximum temperature is 1245 DEG C；
Sintering curve are as follows: room temperature~120 DEG C, 500min；120~120 DEG C, 180min；120~340 DEG C, 550min；640~850 DEG C,
460min；850~970 DEG C, 310min；970~980 DEG C, 960min；980~1060 DEG C, 315min；1060~1190 DEG C,
410min；1190~1220 DEG C, 210min；1220~1245 DEG C, 270min；1245~1245 DEG C, 30min；1245~1220
DEG C, 120min；1220~1150 DEG C, 220min；1150~900 DEG C, 230min；900~180 DEG C, 490min；180~60 DEG C,
670min。
Firing with reductive flame maximum temperature is 1245 DEG C, is burnt into according to company 3# kiln curve.
Using the test effect of sample prepared by above-mentioned formula and preparation method:
2 conventional formulation of table and patent formulation openpore and the comparison without glaze strip strength decentralization
Powder at pressure machine respectively uses patent and conventional formulation molding test according to pyramid and conventional compaction curve
Strip, and flexural strength test is carried out, wherein the openpore strip average strength of patent formulation preparation is 2.61MPa, no glaze examination
Average strength is 163MPa；The openpore strip average strength of conventional electric ceramic formulation preparation is 2.39MPa, and no glaze strip is strong
Degree is 166.4MPa.Firing time shortens about 9.8h than conventional reduction flame.
Embodiment 2
Table 3 prepares the formula of porcelain insulator
The preparation process of the porcelain insulator is as follows:
(1) raw material is got out according to the formula of table 3.Weighed respectively according to weight percent industrial alumina powder, kaolin,
Feldspar Jingyang soil, is eluriated soil, barium carbonate, talcum and PC-64, and is sequentially added into ball mill, set Ball-milling Time as
11.5h continuous ball milling；
(2) mill is put in sieving after testing graininess is qualified；
(3) it after new slurry removes iron, by ion high speed atomisation Granulation Equipments, carries out spray drying and powder is made, and be transported to
Aging 22h in feed bin；
(4) aging good powder is pressed into blank by way of large-scale dry method cold isostatic press compression moulding；Blank
Compaction curve are as follows: 0~30MPa, 4min；30MPa pressure maintaining 1min；30~60MPa, 2min；60MPa, pressure maintaining 1min；60~
105MPa, 2min；105MPa pressure maintaining 2min；105~60MPa, 2min；60MPa pressure maintaining 1min；60~30MPa, 2min；30MPa
Pressure maintaining 1min；30~0MPa, 2min；
Conventional compaction curve are as follows: 0~105MPa, 5min；105MPa pressure maintaining 2min；105~60MPa, 2min；60MPa is protected
Press 1min；60~0MPa, 2min.
(5) blank i.e. press i.e. repair, repaired biscuit, close lightly base processing after, openpore is put drying chamber into and is dried, drying time be for 24 hours；
(6) openpore after drying carries out glazing and sanding processing, and high speed atomisation spraying process, the glazed body after glazing are taken in glazing
Back into drying chamber, drying room temperature is 50 DEG C；
(7) glazed body starts loading of kiln after drying chamber 68h, and overall process is burnt into using oxidizing flame, and firing maximum temperature is 1248 DEG C；
Sintering curve are as follows: room temperature~120 DEG C, 550min；120~120 DEG C, 180min；120~340 DEG C, 560min；640~850 DEG C,
450min；850~970 DEG C, 300min；970~980 DEG C, 960min；980~1060 DEG C, 310min；1060~1190 DEG C,
410min；1190~1220 DEG C, 200min；1220~1248 DEG C, 275min；1248~1248 DEG C, 25min；1248~1220
DEG C, 110min；1220~1150 DEG C, 210min；1150~900 DEG C, 220min；900~180 DEG C, 490min；180~60 DEG C,
680min。
Firing with reductive flame maximum temperature is 1248 DEG C, is burnt into according to company 3# kiln curve.
Using the test effect of sample prepared by above-mentioned formula and preparation method:
4 conventional formulation of table and patent formulation openpore and the comparison without glaze strip strength decentralization
Powder at pressure machine respectively uses patent and conventional formulation molding test according to pyramid and conventional compaction curve
Strip, and flexural strength test is carried out, wherein the openpore strip average strength of patent formulation preparation is 2.66MPa, no glaze examination
Average strength is 163.6MPa；The openpore strip average strength of conventional electric ceramic formulation preparation is 2.37MPa, no glaze strip
Intensity is 163.8MPa.Firing time shortens about 9.7h than conventional reduction flame.
Embodiment 3
Table 5 prepares the formula of porcelain insulator
The preparation process of the porcelain insulator is as follows:
(1) raw material is got out according to the formula of table 5.Weighed respectively according to weight percent industrial alumina powder, kaolin,
Feldspar eluriates soil, barium carbonate and 9300, and is sequentially added into ball mill, sets Ball-milling Time as 11.5h, continuous ball
Mill；
(2) mill is put in sieving after testing graininess is qualified；
(3) it after new slurry removes iron, by ion high speed atomisation Granulation Equipments, carries out spray drying and powder is made, and be transported to
In feed bin it is aging for 24 hours；
(4) aging good powder is pressed into blank by way of large-scale dry method cold isostatic press compression moulding；Blank
Compaction curve are as follows: 0~30MPa, 4min；30MPa pressure maintaining 1min；30~60MPa, 2min；60MPa, pressure maintaining 1min；60~
105MPa, 2min；105MPa pressure maintaining 2min；105~60MPa, 2min；60MPa pressure maintaining 1min；60~30MPa, 2min；30MPa
Pressure maintaining 1min；30~0MPa, 2min；
Conventional compaction curve are as follows: 0~105MPa, 5min；105MPa pressure maintaining 2min；105~60MPa, 2min；60MPa is protected
Press 1min；60~0MPa, 2min.
(5) blank i.e. press i.e. repair, repaired biscuit, close lightly base processing after, openpore is put drying chamber into and is dried, drying time be for 24 hours；
(6) openpore after drying carries out glazing and sanding processing, and high speed atomisation spraying process, the glazed body after glazing are taken in glazing
Back into drying chamber, drying room temperature is 48 DEG C；
(7) glazed body starts loading of kiln after drying chamber 68h, and overall process is burnt into using oxidizing flame, and firing maximum temperature is 1248 DEG C；
Sintering curve are as follows: room temperature~120 DEG C, 560min；120~120 DEG C, 190min；120~340 DEG C, 570min；640~850 DEG C,
460min；850~970 DEG C, 310min；970~980 DEG C, 950min；980~1060 DEG C, 320min；1060~1190 DEG C,
420min；1190~1220 DEG C, 210min；1220~1248 DEG C, 280min；1248~1248 DEG C, 25min；1248~1220
DEG C, 120min；1220~1150 DEG C, 220min；1150~900 DEG C, 230min；900~180 DEG C, 500min；180~60 DEG C,
670min。
Using the test effect of sample prepared by above-mentioned formula and preparation method:
Table 6 is whether there is or not the openpore of mineralising agent prescription and without glaze strip intensity contrast
Powder at pressure machine, respectively according to pyramid compaction curve to whether there is or not the formulas of mineralizer to form test examination
Item, and flexural strength test is carried out, wherein the openpore strip average strength for having mineralising agent prescription to prepare is 2.67MPa, no glaze
Strip average strength is 165.6MPa；The openpore strip average strength of no mineralising agent prescription preparation is 2.66MPa, no glaze examination
Intensity is 156.2MPa.
Claims (10)
1. the formula that a kind of industrial alumina powder substitutes high-quality calcined bauxite in powder dry production pillar porcelain insulator, it is characterised in that: packet
Include the raw material of following weight percentage: industrial alumina powder 12~16%, kaolin 28~36%, fluxing mineral 28~
36%, eluriate soil 18~22%；Additional mineralizer 0.5~3%, dispersing agent 0.15~0.4%；
The mineralizer is one of barium salt, magnesium salts or talcum or a variety of.
2. industrial alumina powder according to claim 1 substitutes matching for high-quality calcined bauxite in powder dry production pillar porcelain insulator
Side, it is characterised in that: fluxing mineral is one of feldspar, chapter village soil or Jingyang soil or a variety of.
3. industrial alumina powder according to claim 1 substitutes matching for high-quality calcined bauxite in powder dry production pillar porcelain insulator
Side, it is characterised in that: one of dispersing agent 9300, dextrin, PPC or a variety of.
4. a kind of any industrial alumina powder of claim 1-3 substitutes high-quality calcined bauxite in powder dry production pillar porcelain insulator
Preparation method, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
(1) raw material is weighed, raw material is put into ball mill ball milling；
(2) the new slurry of ball milling is subjected to testing graininess, mill is put in sieving after reaching the existing new slurry granularity control standard of company；
(3) it after the new slurry for obtaining step (2) removes iron, by ion high speed atomisation Granulation Equipments, carries out spray drying and powder is made
Material, and be transported to aging in feed bin；
(4) powder after will be aging in step (3) is pressed into hair by way of large-scale dry method cold isostatic press compression moulding
Base；Pyramid is taken to add when blank compacting, release mode；
(5) blank that step (4) obtains is subjected to repaired biscuit, closes lightly base processing, the openpore being disposed is put drying chamber into and is dried；
(6) openpore after will be dry in step (5) carries out glazing and sanding processing, and high speed atomisation spraying process, glazing are taken in glazing
Glazed body afterwards is back into drying chamber；
(7) glazed body in step (6) is subjected to loading of kiln in 64~72h of drying chamber, using oxidizing flame or firing with reductive flame.
5. the preparation that industrial alumina powder according to claim 4 substitutes high-quality calcined bauxite in powder dry production pillar porcelain insulator
Method, it is characterised in that: in step (3), the control of powder percent water 1.2 ± 0.3%, aging 18~for 24 hours.
6. the preparation that industrial alumina powder according to claim 4 substitutes high-quality calcined bauxite in powder dry production pillar porcelain insulator
Method, it is characterised in that: the compaction curve in step (4) are as follows: 0~30MPa, 4~5min；1~2min of 30MPa pressure maintaining；30~
60MPa, 2~4min；60MPa, 1~2min of pressure maintaining；60~105MPa, 2~3min；1~2min of 105MPa pressure maintaining；105~
60MPa, 2~3min；1~2min of 60MPa pressure maintaining；60~30MPa, 2~4min；1~2min of 30MPa pressure maintaining；30~0MPa, 2
~3min.
7. the preparation that industrial alumina powder according to claim 4 substitutes high-quality calcined bauxite in powder dry production pillar porcelain insulator
Method, it is characterised in that: in step (6), drying room temperature is 45 ± 5 DEG C.
8. the preparation that industrial alumina powder according to claim 4 substitutes high-quality calcined bauxite in powder dry production pillar porcelain insulator
Method, it is characterised in that: the curve that oxidizing flame is burnt into step (7) are as follows: room temperature~120 DEG C, 360~480min；120~120
DEG C, 100~120min；120~340 DEG C, 400~460min；640~850 DEG C, 300~360min；850~970 DEG C, 120~
240min；970~980 DEG C, 840~900min；980~1060 DEG C, 200~240min；1060~1190 DEG C, 280~
330min；1190~1220 DEG C, 100~130min；1220~1240 DEG C, 160~200min；1240~1245 DEG C, 20~
30min；1245~1220 DEG C, 45~60min；1220~1150 DEG C, 120~160min；1150~900 DEG C, 120~
160min；900~180 DEG C, 380~420min.
9. the preparation that industrial alumina powder according to claim 4 substitutes high-quality calcined bauxite in powder dry production pillar porcelain insulator
Method, it is characterised in that: firing maximum temperature is 1200~1260 DEG C.
10. a kind of any industrial alumina powder of claim 1-3 substitutes high-quality calcined bauxite in powder dry production pillar porcelain insulating
The application of son, it is characterised in that: be used to prepare high pressure solid-core post porcelain insulator product.
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Application publication date: 20190705 |