CN109969002A - 使用外部能量源的充电容量可变控制设备及其方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种使用用于车辆的外部能量源的充电容量可变控制设备及其方法,该充电容量可变控制设备可包括:外部能量源,该外部能量源用于生成外部充电功率;主电池,该主电池用于接收外部充电功率以待充电;以及控制器,该控制器用于根据车辆的行驶状态通过基于外部能量源的外部充电容量和主电池的电池充电容量改变现有的目标充电容量来生成变化目标充电容量,并且使用变化目标充电容量执行可变控制。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及充电容量(charge capacity,蓄电量)控制技术,并且更具体地涉及一种用于根据使用作为外部能量源的太阳能电池的车辆的行驶状态和/或电池状态来可变地控制充电容量的充电容量可变控制设备及其方法。
背景技术
通常,车辆的充电容量控制为一种根据发动机和电池的状态或行驶状态(高速公路/地方道路/城市等或平地/爬坡/下行)来控制目标充电容量的方法。特别地,在此类控制方法中,充电源为通过发动机或在车辆减速时生成的再生制动的充电。
通常,充电容量状态分为临界高区/高区/正常区/低区/临界低区。这里,在正常区中,根据最佳效率执行充电/放电控制。在高区/低区中,在高区中主要控制放电,并且在低区中主要控制充电,而不是最佳效率。
然而,对于外部能量源,不存在充电容量控制,将充电转移到正常区外的高区来获得最佳效率,或者在低效率的城市区域中过度执行充电。
在相关技术的说明中描述的内容帮助理解本公开的背景,并且可包括本公开所属领域的技术人员先前未知的内容。
发明内容
本公开旨在解决该问题,并且本公开的目的为提供一种充电容量可变控制设备及其方法,其可根据使用作为外部能量源的太阳能电池的车辆的行驶状态和/或电池状态来可变地控制充电容量。
另外,本发明的另一个目的为提供一种充电容量可变控制设备及其方法,其可防止充电转移到正常区外的高区来获得最佳效率,或者防止在低效率的城市区域中过度执行充电。
为了实现这些目的,本公开提供了一种充电容量可变控制设备及其方法,其可根据使用作为外部能量源的太阳能电池的车辆的行驶状态和/或电池状态来可变地控制充电容量。
根据本公开的一个示例性实施例的使用用于车辆的外部能量源的充电容量可变控制设备包括:外部能量源,该外部能量源用于生成外部充电功率;主电池,该主电池用于接收外部充电功率以待充电;以及控制器,该控制器用于根据车辆的行驶状态基于外部能量源的外部充电容量和主电池的电池充电容量计算变化目标充电容量,并且基于变化目标充电容量执行可变控制。
外部能量源可为太阳能电池。
太阳能电池可安装在车辆的车顶上。
外部充电容量可为通过将由外部能量源充电的功率(瓦特)与时间求积分且然后除以主电池的电池容量而可表示为百分比的值。
仅在以下情况下能执行可变控制:在高区中外部充电容量和电池充电容量的充电容量状态分别等于或大于预设的第一参考值和第二参考值的情况下、或者在正常区中对应于第一参考值和第二参考值。
在以下情况中的任何一种情况下不能执行可变控制:满负载情况、空转充电情况、在一个行驶循环内多于一次进入空转充电的情况、在低区中电池充电容量的充电量状态等于或小于第二参考值的情况、以及在低区中外部充电容量等于或小于第一参考值。
通过将变化目标充电容量设定为与外部充电容量一样低,可变控制能扩大电动车辆(EV)区。
通过预设为对应于变化目标充电容量和车辆速度的映射,可变控制能执行发动机的开/关期。
在可变控制下,控制器可仅使用外部充电功率作为电池充电容量。
行驶状态可为高速公路行驶、城市行驶和地方道路行驶中的任何一种。
根据本公开的另一示例性实施例的使用用于车辆的外部能量源的充电容量可变控制设备包括:外部能量源,该外部能量源生成外部充电功率;辅助电池,该辅助电池用于接收外部充电功率以待充电;控制器,该控制器用于根据车辆的行驶状态基于外部能量源的外部充电容量和辅助电池的电池充电容量计算变化目标充电容量,并且基于变化目标充电容量执行可变控制。
根据本公开的另一示例性实施例的使用用于车辆的外部能量源的充电容量可变控制方法包括:通过外部能量源生成外部充电功率;通过主电池接收外部充电功率以待充电;通过控制器根据车辆的行驶状态基于外部能量源的外部充电容量和主电池的电池充电容量计算变化目标充电容量;以及通过控制器基于变化目标充电容量执行可变控制。
根据本公开,可使用外部能量源改变充电容量控制。
另外,本公开的另一个效果在于,其可防止正常区/电动车辆区的扩大和低效区段中的过量充电,从而在夏季在实际道路区段上提高约0.5%的燃料效率。
另外,本公开的另一个效果在于,其可维持满负载/空转充电区段中的现有控制,从而确保充电容量余量以期待燃料效率。
附图说明
图1为根据本公开的一个实施例的充电容量可变控制设备的配置框图。
图2为图1中所示的控制器的详细配置框图。
图3为在图1中所示的主电池中设置电池管理***(BMS)的配置框图。
图4为示出根据本公开的一个实施例的根据外部能量源和主电池的充电容量的控制理论的图表。
图5为示出根据本公开的一个实施例的充电容量可变控制过程的流程图。
具体实施方式
可在根据本公开的实施例中进行各种修改,使得具体实施例在附图中示出并且在说明书中详细描述。然而,应当理解,本公开并非旨在将根据本公开的概念的实施例限于特定的公开形式,而是包括落入本公开的精神和技术范围内的所有修改、等同物和替代物。
在描述每个附图时,相同的附图标记用于相同的元件。术语“第一”和/或“第二”等用于示出各种部件,但是该部件不应受这些术语限制。这些术语用于区分一个元件与另一个元件。
例如,第一部件可被称为第二部件,并且类似地,第二部件也可被称为第一部件,而不脱离根据本公开的范围的权利要求。术语“和/或”包括多个相关列出项目或多个相关列出项目中的任何一个。
除非另有定义,否则本文使用的所有术语(包括技术和科学术语)具有与本公开所属领域的普通技术人员通常理解的含义相同的含义。
将进一步理解,术语(诸如在常用词典中定义的那些)应被解释为具有与其在相关领域的上下文中的含义一致的含义,并且除非在说明书中明确定义,否则该术语将不以理想化或过于正式的意义解释。
在下文中,将参照附图详细描述根据本公开的一个实施例的使用外部能量源的充电容量可变控制设备及其方法。
图1为根据本公开的一个实施例的充电容量可变控制设备100的配置框图。参考图1,充电容量可变控制设备100可被配置为包括:外部能量源120,该外部能量源120用于生成外部充电功率;主电池140,该主电池140用于接收外部充电功率以待充电;以及控制器150,该控制器150用于通过根据环保车辆的行驶状态基于外部能量源的外部充电容量和主电池的电池充电容量改变目标充电容量来生成变化目标充电容量,并且使用变化目标充电容量执行可变控制。
充电容量可变控制设备100进一步包括发动机10以及利用连接装置与发动机10连接的马达110。连接装置可为皮带或链条。发动机10可为连续可变气门正时(CVVT)、双顶置凸轮轴(DOHC)、连续气门正时(CVT)、汽油直喷(GDI)、使用汽油作为燃料的多点喷射(MPI)发动机、共轨直喷(CRDI)、高角度涡轮中冷器(HTI)、使用柴油作为燃料的可变几何涡轮增压器(VGT)发动机、使用气体作为燃料的液体丙烷喷射(LPi)发动机等。
马达110可成为混合动力起动器和发电机(HSG)。因此,马达110起动发动机10,或者从发动机10接收旋转力以生成功率。具体地,除了驱动电动车辆本身的物体之外,马达110也通过在车辆减速时执行再生制动来重新利用车辆的动能作为电能。即,环保车辆在制动时使用制动力的一部分用于功率生成,并且将所生成的电能用于电池充电。具体地,通过使用根据车辆的行驶速度的一部分动能作为发电机的操作所需的能量,可同时实现动能的减少(即,行驶速度的降低)和电能的功率生成。制动方法被称为再生制动(RB),并且可通过反向操作单独的发电机或马达来执行再生制动时的电能的生成。
外部能量源120与主电池140分开地生成能量。外部能量源可包括太阳能电池、手动自发电机等。太阳能电池以面板形状安装在车辆的车顶上。其也可使用薄膜形状的太阳能电池附设于窗户。
在一般的再生制动过程中,控制器150通过根据马达扭矩指令值和/或电池状态基于车辆速度和/或制动信号向马达110输送马达再生制动电流限制值来控制再生制动操作。马达110在附图中示出,但是在本文中,也可包括马达控制单元(MCU)。
功率转换器130执行变换器功能。即,功率转换器130可通过将在马达110中生成的三相交流电的生成功率转换成直流电来输出,或者相反地,可通过将从主电池140接收的直流电转换成三相交流电来驱动马达110。功率转换器130也可设置在马达110中。
主电池140具有串联和/或并联布置的电池单元(未示出),并且电池单元可为用于电动车辆的高压电池(诸如镍金属电池、锂离子电池、锂聚合物电池和固态电池)。通常,高压电池(如用作操作电动车辆的功率源的电池)意指100V或更高的高压。然而,电池单元不限于此,并且低压电池也是可能的。
电池单元可设计为圆柱形电池、方形电池、软包电池等。软包电池包括由薄膜构成的柔性盖,并且电池单元的电子部件位于电池单元中。为了利用一个电池单元中的最佳空间,特别地,使用软包电池。软包电池也具有高容量和低重量。
上述软包电池的边缘包括密封接头(未示出)。具体地,密封接头连接电池单元的两个薄膜,并且薄膜在由其形成的公共部分中包括附加部分。
控制器150通过根据环保车辆的行驶状态基于外部能量源的外部充电容量和主电池的电池充电容量改变目标充电容量来生成变化目标充电容量,并且使用变化目标充电容量执行可变控制。另外,控制器150与混合动力控制单元(HCU)、车辆控制单元(VCU)等连接以根据行驶信息、车辆速度和环保车辆的制动操作获取再生制动信息等。控制器150可包括在HCU、VCU等中。在此,环保车辆可为混合动力电动车辆(HEV)、燃料电池车辆、燃料电池HEV等。
辅助电池170也可具有与主电池类似地串联和/或并联布置的电池单元(未示出)。辅助电池170向电负载等(诸如灯)供应功率。因此,辅助电池170从主电池140接收充电功率以待充电。为了该目的,在主电池140与辅助电池170之间设置用于转换电压的电压转换器160。电压转换器160通常使用低压直流-直流(DC-DC)转换器。辅助电池170通常输出12V。
图2为图1中所示的控制器150的详细配置框图。参考图2,控制器150可被配置为包括:主电池140;获取模块210,该获取模块210用于获取辅助电池170的电池信息;计算装置220,该计算装置220用于通过根据使用电池信息的环保车辆的行驶状态基于外部能量源的外部充电容量和主电池的电池充电容量改变目标充电容量来生成变化目标充电容量;以及可变控制实行装置230,该可变控制实行装置230用于使用变化目标充电容量执行可变控制。
图2中指示的术语“模块”等意指处理至少一个功能或操作的单元,并且这可通过硬件和/或软件的组合来实现。
另外,本文的控制器150可指代用于控制车辆中的各种电子***的电子控制单元(ECU),并且计算装置220和可变控制实行装置230可为作为一个控制单元连接到控制器150或嵌入到控制器150中的硬件装置。
在实现硬件时,其可由设计用于执行上述功能的专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理(DSP)、可编程逻辑装置(PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、处理器、控制器、微处理器、其它电子单元或它们的组合来实现。在实现软件时,可通过执行上述功能的模块来实现。软件可存储在存储器单元中,并且由处理器执行。存储器单元或处理器可采用本领域技术人员公知的各种装置。
图3为在图1中所示的主电池中设置电池管理***310的配置框图。参考图3,BMS310设置在控制器150与主电池140之间。BMS 310监视和管理主电池140。特别地,BMS 310生成主电池140的电池状态信息,并且将该电池状态信息发送到控制器150。这里,电池状态信息可为充电状态(SOC)、健康状态(SOH)、放电深度(DOD)和功能状态(SOF)或它们的组合中的任何一个。在本实施例的实施例中,为了便于理解,将描述SOC。
BMS也可设置在辅助电池170与控制器150之间。特别地,BMS可分别设置在主电池140和辅助电池170中。
图4为示出根据本公开的实施例的根据外部能量源和主电池的充电容量的控制理论的图表。参考图4,在由太阳能电池充电的SOC控制曲线402中,SOC高区通过太阳能电池进入第一高速公路区段中。即,与现有的目标SOC控制曲线401相比,在SOC正常区中,不能对阴影区域进行最佳效率控制。另外,在低充电效率的城市区段中,在不考虑太阳能电池充电能量的情况下执行主电池的充电。在这种情况下,由于没有通过外部能量源充电的充电容量控制的概念,所以充电被转移到正常区外的高区以获得最佳效率,或者在低效率的城市区域中过度执行充电。
因此,在本公开中,通过反映外部能量源和行驶状态来生成变化目标SOC控制曲线403,以设定为与在现有的目标SOC控制曲线401中通过太阳能电池生成的SOC一样低。
因此,可基于变化目标SOC控制曲线403来执行可变控制。即,仅在以下情况下执行可变控制:在高区中外部充电容量和电池充电容量的充电容量状态分别等于或大于预设的第一参考值和第二参考值,或者在正常区中对应于第一参考值和第二参考值。
在以下情况下不执行可变控制:在低区中电池充电容量的充电容量状态等于或小于第一参考值,以及在低区中外部充电容量等于或小于第二参考值。其由下面的表1总结。
表1
这里,根据正常区中的最佳效率执行充电/放电控制。另外,在高/低区中,在高区中主要控制放电,并且在低区中主要控制充电,而不是最佳效率。
特别地,如果外部充电容量状态(即,太阳能电池充电容量状态)和电池充电容量状态属于高区和正常区中的任何一个,那么通过主要由放电降低目标充电容量的设定来扩大电动车辆区域。如果外部充电容量状态(即,太阳能电池充电容量状态)和电池充电容量状态两者都属于低区,那么不执行主要通过充电的太阳能充电的可变控制,并且主要执行充电。
图5为示出根据本公开的实施例的充电容量可变控制过程的流程图。参考图5,确认在车辆行驶S510期间是否已执行太阳能充电S520。
在S520中,如果不执行太阳能充电,则不进入可变控制模式并且执行现有的目标充电容量控制S590。
在另一方面,在S520中,如果执行太阳能充电,则计算太阳能充电容量(即,外部充电容量)S530。外部充电容量通过以下等式计算。
等式1
在此,SOC太阳能是指太阳能充电容量,Ah电池是指电池容量,W太阳能是指功率(瓦特)。
因此,充电容量可通过将由外部能量源充电的功率(瓦特)与时间求积分且然后除以主电池的电池容量而表示为百分比。
如果计算太阳能充电容量,则确认太阳能充电容量是否等于或大于预设的参考值S540,以及确认主电池的充电容量是否等于或大于正常值S550。如果不满足S540、S550中的条件,则不进入可变控制模式并且执行现有的目标充电容量控制S590。
在另一方面,如果满足S540、S550中的条件,则确认是否不处于满负载情况S560。即,如果使用高电负载(诸如马达),则不执行可变控制。
如果在S560中处于满负载情况,则不进入可变控制模式并且执行现有的目标充电容量控制S590。在另一方面,如果在S560中不处于满负载情况,则确定车辆是否处于空转充电情况S570。
如果在S570中不处于空转充电状态,则将主电池充电容量添加到太阳能充电容量S573,并且进入可变控制模式S580。
在另一方面,如果在S570中处于空转充电状态,则确认是否处于城市行驶模式,并且如果处于城市行驶模式S571,则不进入可变控制模式S572。然后,S570和S571继续。特别地,如果发生在一个驾行驶循环内多次进入空转充电的情况,则车辆不进入可变控制模式。这里,取消条件为避免城市行驶情况时。即,如果在S571中不处于城市行驶模式,则S580继续。
即,根据在现有高速公路、地方道路、满负载、空转充电等状态下预测的充电容量来执行可变控制。这里,可变控制为控制发动机(图1中的10)的开/关期,并且通过预设为对应于变化目标充电容量和车辆速度的映射执行可变控制。该映射由实验值确定,并且被设计为存储在控制器150中的算法。
在可变控制时,可将外部充电功率仅用作电池充电容量。
图1至图5示出使用主电池和外部能量源的有效可变控制,但是也可以相同的方式使用辅助电池和除主电池之外的外部能量源来应用有效的可变控制。
另外,关于本文公开的实施例说明的方法或算法的步骤实现为程序命令格式,该程序命令格式可通过各种计算机装置执行以待记录在计算机可读介质中。计算机可读介质可单独地包括程序(命令)代码、数据文件、数据结构等,或者它们的组合。
记录在介质中的程序(命令)代码可为对本公开专门设计或配置的程序(命令)代码,或者可为计算机软件领域的技术人员已知和可用的代码(命令)代码。计算机可读介质的示例可包括磁介质(诸如硬盘、软盘和磁带)、光学介质(诸如CD-ROM、DVD和蓝光)以及半导体存储装置(诸如ROM、RAM和闪存存储器),其被配置为存储和执行程序(命令)代码。
这里,程序(命令)代码的示例包括可由计算机使用解释器等实行的高级语言代码,以及机器语言代码(诸如由编译器所产生的那些)。硬件装置可被配置为作为一个或多个软件模块操作以便执行本公开的操作,反之亦然。
Claims (20)
1.一种使用用于车辆的外部能量源的充电容量可变控制设备,其中,所述充电容量可变控制设备包括:
外部能量源,所述外部能量源用于生成外部充电功率;
主电池,所述主电池用于接收所述外部充电功率以待充电;以及
控制器,所述控制器用于根据所述车辆的行驶状态基于所述外部能量源的外部充电容量和所述主电池的电池充电容量计算变化目标充电容量,并且基于所述变化目标充电容量执行可变控制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的充电容量可变控制设备,
其中,所述外部能量源为太阳能电池。
3.根据权利要求2所述的充电容量可变控制设备,
其中,所述太阳能电池设置在所述车辆的车顶上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的充电容量可变控制设备,
其中,所述外部充电容量为通过将由所述外部能量源充电的所述外部充电功率与时间求积分且然后除以所述主电池的所述电池充电容量而表示为百分比的值。
5.根据权利要求1所述的充电容量可变控制设备,
其中,在以下情况下执行所述可变控制:在高区中外部充电容量和电池充电容量的充电容量状态分别等于或大于第一参考值和第二参考值,或者在正常区中所述外部充电容量和所述电池充电容量的所述充电容量状态分别等于所述第一参考值和所述第二参考值。
6.根据权利要求5所述的充电容量可变控制设备,
其中,在以下情况中的任何一种情况下不执行所述可变控制:满负载情况、空转充电情况、在一个行驶循环内多于一次进入所述空转充电情况的情况、在低区中所述电池充电容量的所述充电容量状态等于或小于所述第二参考值的情况、以及在所述低区中所述外部充电容量等于或小于所述第一参考值的情况。
7.根据权利要求1所述的充电容量可变控制设备,
其中,通过将所述变化目标充电容量减小到与所述外部充电容量一样低,所述可变控制扩大电动车辆区域。
8.根据权利要求1所述的充电容量可变控制设备,
其中,通过预设对应于所述变化目标充电容量和车辆速度的映射,所述可变控制执行发动机的开/关期。
9.根据权利要求1所述的充电容量可变控制设备,
其中,在所述可变控制下,所述控制器仅使用所述外部充电功率作为所述电池充电容量。
10.根据权利要求1所述的充电容量可变控制设备,
其中,所述行驶状态为高速公路行驶、城市行驶和地方道路行驶中的任何一种。
11.一种使用用于车辆的外部能量源的充电容量可变控制设备,其中,所述充电容量可变控制设备包括:
外部能量源,所述外部能量源用于生成外部充电功率;
主电池,所述主电池用于接收所述外部充电功率以待充电;
辅助电池,所述辅助电池用于接收所述外部充电功率以待充电;
以及
控制器,所述控制器用于根据所述车辆的行驶状态基于所述外部能量源的外部充电容量和所述辅助电池的电池充电容量计算变化目标充电容量,并且基于所述变化目标充电容量执行可变控制。
12.一种使用用于车辆的外部能量源的充电容量可变控制方法,其中,所述充电容量可变控制方法包括:
外部能量源生成外部充电功率;
主电池接收所述外部充电功率以待充电;
控制器根据所述车辆的行驶状态基于所述外部能量源的外部充电容量和所述主电池的电池充电容量计算变化目标充电容量;以及
所述控制器基于所述变化目标充电容量执行可变控制。
13.根据权利要求12所述的充电容量可变控制方法,
其中,所述外部能量源为太阳能电池。
14.根据权利要求12所述的充电容量可变控制方法,
其中,所述外部充电容量为通过将由所述外部能量源充电的所述外部充电功率与时间求积分且然后除以所述主电池的所述电池充电容量而表示为百分比的值。
15.根据权利要求12所述的充电容量可变控制方法,
其中,在以下情况下执行所述可变控制:在高区中外部充电容量和电池充电容量的充电容量状态分别等于或大于第一参考值和第二参考值,或者在正常区中所述外部充电容量和所述电池充电容量的所述充电容量状态分别等于所述第一参考值和所述第二参考值。
16.根据权利要求15所述的充电容量可变控制方法,
其中,在以下情况中的任何一种情况下不执行所述可变控制:满负载情况、空转充电情况、在一个行驶循环内多于一次进入所述空转充电的情况、在低区中所述电池充电容量的所述充电容量状态等于或小于所述第二参考值的情况、以及在所述低区中所述外部充电容量等于或小于所述第一参考值的情况。
17.根据权利要求12所述的充电容量可变控制方法,
其中,通过将所述变化目标充电容量减小到与所述外部充电容量一样低,所述可变控制扩大电动车辆区域。
18.根据权利要求12所述的充电容量可变控制方法,
其中,通过预设对应于所述变化目标充电容量和车辆速度的映射,所述可变控制执行发动机的开/关期。
19.根据权利要求12所述的充电容量可变控制方法,
其中,在所述可变控制下,所述控制器仅使用所述外部充电功率作为所述电池充电容量。
20.根据权利要求12所述的充电容量可变控制方法,
其中,所述行驶状态为高速公路行驶、城市行驶和地方道路行驶中的任何一种。
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