CN109962292A - A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes and the lithium ion battery comprising it - Google Patents
A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes and the lithium ion battery comprising it Download PDFInfo
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- CN109962292A CN109962292A CN201910101491.1A CN201910101491A CN109962292A CN 109962292 A CN109962292 A CN 109962292A CN 201910101491 A CN201910101491 A CN 201910101491A CN 109962292 A CN109962292 A CN 109962292A
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- electrolyte
- additive
- ion battery
- lithium ion
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 hexafluoroarsenate lithium Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QGHDLJAZIIFENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enylphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2-prop-2-enylphenol Chemical group C1=C(CC=C)C(O)=CC=C1C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=C(O)C(CC=C)=C1 QGHDLJAZIIFENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013188 LiBOB Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IDGCBXSROJHVOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[SH2]=N.[F] Chemical compound [Li].[SH2]=N.[F] IDGCBXSROJHVOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SIXOAUAWLZKQKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;prop-1-ene Chemical group CC=C.OC(O)=O SIXOAUAWLZKQKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DGTVXEHQMSJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-M difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [O-]P(F)(F)=O DGTVXEHQMSJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000790917 Dioxys <bee> Species 0.000 claims 1
- MWQJGSUQGMJVCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N=[S+]C(F)(F)F.[Li] Chemical compound N=[S+]C(F)(F)F.[Li] MWQJGSUQGMJVCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UCVQOIPQDBZRMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].COC(C=1C(C(=O)OC)=CC=CC1)=O Chemical compound [C].COC(C=1C(C(=O)OC)=CC=CC1)=O UCVQOIPQDBZRMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 34
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 15
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical group CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 6
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910032387 LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910004761 HSV 900 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012820 LiCoO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000627 alternating current impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012496 blank sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 2
- XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 125000006091 1,3-dioxolane group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OHZAHWOAMVVGEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-bithiophene Chemical compound C1=CSC(C=2SC=CC=2)=C1 OHZAHWOAMVVGEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGFLYIFQVUCTCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexoxy 2-methylbutan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COOC(=O)OC(C)(C)CC YGFLYIFQVUCTCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQQBUAPQHNYYRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthiophene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CS1 XQQBUAPQHNYYRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSRGXLRLWFDKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC(F)(F)[S] Chemical compound FC(F)(F)[S] LSRGXLRLWFDKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013086 LiNiPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002097 Lithium manganese(III,IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QENGPZGAWFQWCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylthiophene Natural products CC=1C=CSC=1 QENGPZGAWFQWCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZVKRVGZVXQYLPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[V].P(O)(O)(O)=O Chemical compound [Li].[V].P(O)(O)(O)=O ZVKRVGZVXQYLPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZPFKRQXYKULZKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylidene Chemical group [CH2+]CC[CH-] ZPFKRQXYKULZKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001453 impedance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- SBWRUMICILYTAT-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;cobalt(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Co+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O SBWRUMICILYTAT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of electrolyte of lithium ion battery, preparation method, and the lithium ion battery including the electrolyte.The electrolyte of the lithium ion battery includes: lithium salts, organic solvent and the additive having the following structure.Additive preferentially forms the uniform interfacial film of a layer thickness in positive electrode surface when electrolyte of the present invention to charge; the surface of positive electrode is protected; it reduces electrolyte and contacts caused oxygenolysis with the direct of positive electrode surface; the structure of positive electrode is maintained, the cycle performance of battery under high voltages is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of lithium ion, in particular to a kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes further relate to one kind
High-voltage lithium ion batteries containing the electrolyte.
Background technique
Lithium ion battery because high-energy density, high voltage, the long-life, memory-less effect, it is pollution-free the features such as answered extensively
For in portable electronic device.High-voltage anode material is developed, obtains higher energy by improving the blanking voltage of battery
Amount output is the effective ways for developing lithium ion battery with high energy density.But under high voltages, side of the positive electrode can make in high potential
The continuous oxygenolysis of conventional electrolysis liquid, generate that a layer thickness is uneven, interfacial film of high impedance, occur in positive electrode surface secondary anti-
It answers, causes anode side to produce a series of problems, such as gas, electrolyte dry-out, battery capacity decay rapidly, so that battery performance is difficult
Effectively to play.And a certain amount of additive is used by design, so that additive in positive electrode surface preferentially forms one when charging
Layer interfacial film in homogeneous thickness, protects the surface of positive electrode, reduces electrolyte and leads with directly contacting for positive electrode surface
The oxygenolysis of cause maintains the structure of positive electrode, improves the cycle performance of battery under high voltages.
Currently, exploitation high-voltage electrolyte has become the hot spot in current high-voltage lithium-ion battery electrolyte field, and it is new
The use of type additive can effectively promote the performance of battery under high voltage.Conventional electrolysis liquid is greater than or equal in charging voltage
When 4.4V, apparent oxygenolysis can occur for electrolyte, lead to the rapid decaying of cycle performance, the use of battery is influenced, to height
The exploitation of energy density lithium ion battery plays inhibition.Therefore, need to develop one kind can allow battery under high voltages
The electrolyte of steady operation.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem
In view of this, the cycle performance of battery can be improved the present invention provides a kind of new lithium-ion battery electrolytes.It is special
It is not preferably used for high-voltage lithium-ion battery electrolyte, preferential oxidation can forms a film under high voltages, form stable interface
Film, so as to improve the chemical property of battery under high voltages.The electrolyte can improve the chemical property under high voltage, mention
High circulation stability.
Technical solution
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of electrolyte of lithium ion battery, it includes: lithium salts,
Organic solvent and the additive having the following structure,
Wherein, R1、R2And R4The alkyl for being separately 1-8 selected from hydrogen or carbon atom number, it is preferable that independently
Ground is selected from hydrogen or carbon atom number is the alkyl of 1-4, more preferably H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or isobutyl group；And R3
The alkylidene for being 1-8 for direct key or carbon atom number, it is therefore preferable to the alkylidene that direct key or carbon atom number are 1-4, for example, being
Direct key, methylene, ethylidene, propylidene or butylidene.Further, the weight based on above-mentioned battery electrolyte, it is described to add
Add the concentration of agent for 0.03wt%~3wt%, preferably 0.05wt%~2wt%, more preferable 0.1wt%~1wt%, further
More preferable 0.1wt%~0.5wt%, most preferably 0.3wt%.
Further, the organic solvent is selected from propene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate
(DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), tetrahydrofuran (THF), gamma-butyrolacton (γ BL), methyl propionate
(MP), ethyl propionate (EP), 1,3- dioxolanes (DOL), dimethoxymethane (DMM), 1,2- dimethoxy-ethane
(DME), the mixture of one or more of 1,2- diformazan Ethylene Oxide (DMP) or tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) etc..
Further, the lithium salts is selected from lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6), hexafluoroarsenate lithium (LiAsF6), LiBF4
(LiBF4), difluorophosphate (LiPO4F2), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), fluorine sulfimide lithium (LiFSI), bis trifluoromethyl sulphur
One of imide li (LiTFSI) or biethyl diacid lithium borate (LiBOB) or a variety of mixtures.
Further, the lithium salt is 0.5~3.5mol/L.
Further, the additive is preferably 5- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophene first
Acetoacetic ester.
Preferably, the electrolyte is made of the lithium salts, the organic solvent and the additive.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of method for preparing the lithium-ion battery electrolytes, packet are provided
Include following steps:
The organic solvent is handled with molecular sieve purification in the glove box full of inert atmosphere；
Then the lithium salts is dissolved in the organic solvent；
And above-mentioned resulting solution is added in the additive, stirring to whole dissolutions is based on above-mentioned battery electrolyte
Weight, the concentration of the additive is 0.03wt%~3wt%.
According to another aspect of the invention, a kind of lithium ion battery is additionally provided, it includes lithium ions of the present invention
Battery electrolyte.
Preferably, the lithium ion battery is high-voltage lithium ion batteries.The high-voltage lithium ion battery refers to that charging is cut
Only voltage is the lithium ion battery of 4.4V or more, especially with high voltage cobalt acid lithium and tertiary cathode material, lithium-rich manganese-based
The lithium-ion electric of the high-voltage anode materials such as positive electrode, spinel nickel LiMn2O4 and cobalt phosphate lithium, phosphoric acid vanadium lithium, LiNiPO
Pond.
Beneficial effect
The present invention has the advantages that the additive of the present invention of specific quantity is used by design, so that adding when charging
Add agent to preferentially form the uniform interfacial film of a layer thickness in positive electrode surface, the surface of positive electrode is protected, reduces electrolysis
Oxygenolysis caused by directly contact of liquid and positive electrode surface, maintain the structure of positive electrode, and raising battery is under high voltages
Cycle performance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1, which is display, to be surveyed after prepared by embodiment according to the present invention 1 circulating battery 100 times on electrochemical workstation
Measure the spectrogram of ac impedance spectroscopy.
Specific embodiment
In order to technical solution of the present invention carry out it is clear, complete, be explicitly described, below will be by embodiment for
It is bright.Obviously, cited embodiment is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.
Embodiment 1
1) electrolyte configures
(wherein water content is less than 0.1ppm, and oxygen content is less than 0.1ppm), configuration in the glove box of inert gas shielding
Lithium-ion battery electrolytes.Processed EC-DEC 1:1 in mass ratio is mixed, a certain amount of lithium hexafluoro phosphate is added later
(LiPF6), so that LiPF6Ultimate density be 1mol/L.Above-mentioned electrolyte is divided into ten parts, nine parts therein respectively addition account for
5- amino -4- the cyanogen that electrolyte gross mass is 0.03%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 2% and 3%
Base -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophene ethyl formate (TAEC) shakes up to being completely dissolved, another not doping,
Respectively obtain 1.0M LiPF6/ EC-DEC (1:1, wt%), 1.0M LiPF6The 5- of/EC-DEC (1:1, wt%)+0.03wt%
Amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophene ethyl formate, 1.0M LiPF6/ EC-DEC (1:1, wt%)+
5- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophene ethyl formate of 0.1wt%, 1.0M LiPF6/EC-DEC
5- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophene ethyl formate of (1:1, wt%)+0.2wt%, 1.0M
LiPF65- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophene first of/EC-DEC (1:1, wt%)+0.3wt%
Acetoacetic ester, 1.0M LiPF65- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxylic the first of/EC-DEC (1:1, wt%)+0.5wt%
Base) -2- thiophene ethyl formate, 1.0M LiPF65- amino -4- cyano -3- (the 2- of/EC-DEC (1:1, wt%)+0.75wt%
Ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophene ethyl formate, 1.0M LiPF65- amino-the 4- of/EC-DEC (1:1, wt%)+1wt%
Cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophene ethyl formate, 1.0M LiPF6/ EC-DEC (1:1, wt%)+2wt%'s
5- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophene ethyl formate, 1.0M LiPF6/EC-DEC(1:1,
Wt%) 5- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophene ethyl formate of+3wt%.Respectively with this ten parts
Electrolyte carries out battery preparation.
2) electrochemical property test
Anode: active material LiCoO2, conductive agent is conductive carbon black (Super P, Timcal Ltd.), and binder is
Kynoar (PVDF, HSV 900, Arkema), dispersing agent is n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), according to LiCoO2:
The mass ratio of Super P:PVDF=84:8:8 is sized mixing, and is applied on aluminium foil, is being passed through drying, roll-in, punching, is being made into electrode slice,
The active material LiCoO of electrode surface2Control is in 5mg/cm2。
Button half-cell is made in the glove box full of argon gas, cathode is lithium piece, and microporous polypropylene membrane is diaphragm.It will be partly
It after battery is activated twice with C/10 circulation, is recycled 100 times using the current density of 1C, and has half after constant-current charge every time
Hour constant-voltage charge, charge and discharge voltage range are 3.0~4.5V.After the completion of electrochemical property test, by battery in electrochemical operation
Ac impedance spectroscopy is measured on standing, test results are shown in figure 1 for spectrogram.Discharge capacity of the cell and capacity retention ratio are as shown in table 1 below.
Table 1
| Additive level | Discharge capacity (mAh g for the first time-1) | Capacity retention ratio after 100 circulations |
| 0wt% | 186 | 27% |
| 0.03wt% | 188 | 60% |
| 0.1wt% | 187 | 79% |
| 0.2wt% | 191 | 80% |
| 0.3wt% | 191 | 81% |
| 0.5wt% | 188 | 79% |
| 0.75wt% | 185 | 73% |
| 1wt% | 180 | 68% |
| 2wt% | 175 | 65% |
| 3wt% | 171 | 60% |
By comparison, it was found that with no addition 5- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophenic acid
The blank sample of ethyl ester additive is compared, content 5- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxylic first within the scope of the invention
Base) capacity retention ratio of 4.5V high-voltage anode material can be improved in the addition of -2- thiophene ethyl formate, wherein 0.3wt%
The capacity retention ratio highest of battery under additive amount recycles also the most stable.From the impedance spectrum comparison after circulation it can be found that being added
5- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophene ethyl formate of 0.3wt% can be effectively reduced electrode/
Interfacial film between electrolyte, to reduce interface impedance.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 1 is repeated, the difference is that step 2) active material is LiCoO2, conductive agent is conductive carbon black
(Super P, Timcal Ltd.), binder are Kynoar (PVDF, HSV 900, Arkema), and dispersing agent is N- methyl-
2-Pyrrolidone (NMP), according to LiCoO2: the mass ratio of Super P:PVDF=84:8:8 is sized mixing, and is applied on aluminium foil, using
Drying, roll-in, punching are made into electrode slice, the active material LiCoO of electrode surface2Control is in 5mg/cm2。
Prepare the cathode that active material is MAG10 graphite (Hitachi Powdered Metals Co.Ltd.), binder
For PVDF, dispersing agent is n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), sizes mixing by the mass ratio of MAG10:PVDF=92:8 and is applied to copper foil
On, using drying, roll-in, punching, it is made into electrode slice, the active material MAG10 of electrode surface is controlled in 2.5mg/cm2。
Button full battery is made in the glove box full of argon gas.The full battery prepared first stands 2h, is recycled with C/20
After two circles are activated, then using 100 circle of current density circulation of 1C, charge and discharge voltage range is 3.0~4.4V.Carry out electrochemistry
The discharge capacity of full battery and capacity retention ratio are as shown in table 2 below after test.
Table 2
| Additive level | Discharge capacity (mAh) for the first time | Capacity retention ratio after 100 circulations |
| 0wt% | 2.92 | 43% |
| 0.03wt% | 2.84 | 63% |
| 0.1wt% | 2.86 | 71% |
| 0.2wt% | 2.81 | 84% |
| 0.3wt% | 2.72 | 91% |
| 0.5wt% | 2.70 | 80% |
| 1wt% | 2.68 | 73% |
By comparison, it was found that with no addition 5- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophenic acid
The blank sample of ethyl ester additive is compared, and 5- amino -4- cyano -3- (the 2- ethyoxyl-of content in the range of the invention is added
2- carboxymethyl) capacity retention ratio of 4.4V high-voltage anode material can be improved in -2- thiophene ethyl formate, wherein 0.3wt%
The capacity retention ratio highest of battery under additive amount recycles also the most stable.
Embodiment 3
Embodiment 1 is repeated, the difference is that the electrolyte that step 1) is prepared is 1.0M LiPF6/EC-DEC-EMC
(3:3:4, wt%)+0.3wt%5- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophene ethyl formate, 1.0M
LiPF6/ EC-DEC-EMC (3:3:4, wt%).Discharge capacity and capacity retention ratio are as shown in table 3 below after progress electro-chemical test.
Table 3
| Additive level | Discharge capacity (mAh g for the first time-1) | Capacity retention ratio after 100 circulations |
| 0wt% | 191 | 30% |
| 0.3wt% | 190 | 82% |
It is found by Comparative result, compared with using the lithium ion battery that the electrolyte of additive is not added, is added
The lithium-ion electric of the electrolyte of 5- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophene ethyl formate of 0.3wt%
Pond capacity retention ratio after circulation 100 times by 30% is promoted to 82%.The capacity retention ratio of high-voltage anode material, contains
The capacity retention ratio highest of battery under the additive amount of 0.3wt% recycles also the most stable.
Embodiment 4
Embodiment 1 is repeated, the difference is that the electrolyte that step 1) is prepared is 0.6M LiPF6+0.5M LiTFSI/
5- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophene ethyl formate of EC-DEC (1:1, wt%)+0.3wt%,
0.6M LiPF6+ 0.5M LiTFSI/EC-DEC (1:1, wt%).Discharge capacity and capacity retention ratio after progress electro-chemical test
As shown in table 4 below.
Table 4
| Additive level | Discharge capacity (mAh g for the first time-1) | Capacity retention ratio after 100 circulations |
| 0wt% | 195 | 40% |
| 0.3wt% | 193 | 86% |
It is found by Comparative result, compared with using the lithium ion battery that the electrolyte of additive is not added, is added
The lithium-ion electric of the electrolyte of 5- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophene ethyl formate of 0.3wt%
Capacity retention ratio is promoted to 86% by 40% after pond is recycled at 100 times.
Embodiment 5
Embodiment 1 is repeated, the difference is that the electrolyte that step 1) is prepared is 1.0M LiPF6/EC-DEC(1:1,
Wt%), 1.0M LiPF65- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxylic the first of/EC-DEC (1:1, wt%)+0.1wt%
Base) -2- thiophene ethyl formate, 1.0M LiPF65- amino -4- cyano -3- (the 2- second of/EC-DEC (1:1, wt%)+0.3wt%
Oxygroup -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophene ethyl formate, 1.0M LiPF65- amino-the 4- of/EC-DEC (1:1, wt%)+0.5wt%
Cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophene ethyl formate.Discharge capacity and capacity are kept after progress electro-chemical test
Rate is as shown in table 5 below.
Table 5
| Additive level | Discharge capacity (mAh g for the first time-1) | Capacity retention ratio after 100 circulations |
| 0wt% | 190 | 28% |
| 0.1wt% | 189 | 78% |
| 0.3wt% | 186 | 82% |
| 0.5wt% | 187 | 76% |
It is found by Comparative result, compared with using the lithium ion battery that the electrolyte of additive is not added, addition contains
The formula of 0.3% additive undergoes capacity retention ratio after 100 circulations to be improved in battery, under the additive amount of 0.3wt%
The capacity retention ratio of battery is up to 82%.
Comparative example 1
Embodiment 1 is repeated, the difference is that the electrolyte that step 1) is prepared is 1.0M LiPF6/EC-DEC(1:1,
Wt%)+0.5wt%VC (vinylene carbonate), 1.0M LiPF6The VC, 1.0M of/EC-DEC (1:1, wt%)+1wt%
LiPF6The FEC (fluorinated ethylene carbonate) of/EC-DEC (1:1, wt%)+0.5wt%, 1.0M LiPF6/EC-DEC(1:1,
Wt%) the FEC of+1wt%.Discharge capacity and capacity retention ratio are as shown in table 6 below after progress electro-chemical test.
Table 6
| Additive types and content | Discharge capacity (mAh g for the first time-1) | Capacity retention ratio after 100 circulations |
| 0.3wt%VC | 184 | 32% |
| 0.5wt%VC | 182 | 35% |
| 0.3wt%FEC | 187 | 45% |
| 0.5wt%FEC | 189 | 42% |
It is found by Comparative result, with addition 5- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophenic acid
The lithium ion battery of the electrolyte of ethyl ester additive is compared, and the formula containing 0.3%, 0.5%VC, FEC additive is added in battery
Capacity retention ratio is relatively low after 100 circle of circulation, in the 5- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl)-of 0.3wt%
The capacity retention ratio of battery is up to 82% under 2- thiophene ethyl formate additive additive amount.
Comparative example 2
Embodiment 1 is repeated, the difference is that the electrolyte that step 1) is prepared is 1.0M LiPF6/EC-DEC(1:1,
Wt%)+0.3wt%TH (thiophene), 1.0M LiPF6The TH, 1.0M LiPF of/EC-DEC (1:1, wt%)+0.5wt%6/EC-
The 2TH (2,2'- bithiophene) of DEC (1:1, wt%)+0.3wt%, 1.0M LiPF6/ EC-DEC (1:1, wt%)+0.5wt%'s
2TH, 1.0M LiPF6The 3TH (terthienyl) of/EC-DEC (1:1, wt%)+0.3wt%, 1.0M LiPF6/ EC-DEC (1:1,
Wt%) the 3TH of+0.5wt%.Discharge capacity and capacity retention ratio are as shown in table 7 below after progress electro-chemical test.
Table 7
| Additive types and content | Discharge capacity (mAh g for the first time-1) | Capacity retention ratio after 100 circulations |
| 0.3wt%TH | 184 | 35% |
| 0.5wt%TH | 182 | 46% |
| 0.3wt%2TH | 187 | 41% |
| 0.5wt%2TH | 189 | 53% |
| 0.3wt%3TH | 189 | 48% |
| 0.5wt%3TH | 190 | 61% |
It is found by Comparative result, with addition 5- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophenic acid
The lithium ion battery of the electrolyte of ethyl ester additive is compared, and the formula of TH, 2TH, 3TH additive containing 0.3%, 0.5% is added
Capacity retention ratio is relatively low after the circle of circulating battery 100, the 3TH additive amount capacity retention ratio highest of 0.5wt%, is 61%,
It is electric under 5- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophene ethyl formate additive additive amount of 0.3wt%
The capacity retention ratio in pond is up to 82%.
Comparative example 3
Embodiment 1 is repeated, the difference is that the electrolyte that step 1) is prepared is 1.0M LiPF6/EC-DEC(1:1,
Wt%)+0.3wt%TH (thiophene), 1.0M LiPF6The TH, 1.0M LiPF of/EC-DEC (1:1, wt%)+0.5wt%6/EC-
The MTH (2- methylthiophene) of DEC (1:1, wt%)+0.3wt%, 1.0M LiPF6/ EC-DEC (1:1, wt%)+0.5wt%'s
MTH, 1.0M LiPF6The DMTH (2,5- thioxene) of/EC-DEC (1:1, wt%)+0.3wt%, 1.0M LiPF6/EC-
The DMTH of DEC (1:1, wt%)+0.5wt%.Discharge capacity and capacity retention ratio are as shown in table 8 below after progress electro-chemical test.
Table 8
| Additive types and content | Discharge capacity (mAh g for the first time-1) | Capacity retention ratio after 100 circulations |
| 0.3wt%TH | 183 | 33% |
| 0.5wt%TH | 185 | 46% |
| 0.3wt%MTH | 188 | 45% |
| 0.5wt%MTH | 188 | 57% |
| 0.3wt%DMTH | 193 | 52% |
| 0.5wt%DMTH | 191 | 69% |
It is found by Comparative result, with addition 5- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophenic acid
The lithium ion battery of the electrolyte of ethyl ester additive is compared, and the formula of TH, MTH, DMTH additive containing 0.3%, 0.5% is added
Capacity retention ratio is relatively low after the circle of circulating battery 100,0.5wt%DMTH additive amount capacity retention ratio highest, is 69%,
Battery under 5- amino -4- cyano -3- (2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophene ethyl formate additive additive amount of 0.3wt%
Capacity retention ratio up to 82%.
It can be seen that from the above embodiments and comparative example by the way that the of the present invention of 0.03wt%-3wt% is added
Additive into electrolyte, capacity retention ratio can be significantly improved.Cited embodiment is only a part of the invention
Embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making wound
Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of the property made labour, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of electrolyte of lithium ion battery, it includes: lithium salts, organic solvent and the additive having the following structure,
Wherein, R1、R2And R4The alkyl and R for being separately 1-8 selected from hydrogen or carbon atom number3It is former for direct key or carbon
Subnumber is the alkylidene of 1-8.
2. electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein R1、R2And R4It is separately 1- selected from hydrogen or carbon atom number
4 alkyl and R3The alkylidene for being 1-4 for direct key or carbon atom number.
3. electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the weight based on the electrolyte, the additive is
0.03wt%~3wt%, preferably 0.05wt%~2wt%, more preferable 0.1wt%~1wt%, even more preferably
0.1wt%~0.5wt%, most preferably 0.3wt%.
4. electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is selected from propene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, carbon
Dimethyl phthalate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, gamma-butyrolacton, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, 1,3- dioxy
One of pentamethylene, dimethoxymethane, 1,2- dimethoxy-ethane, 1,2- diformazan Ethylene Oxide or tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether or
Several mixtures.
5. electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the lithium salts is selected from lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6), hexafluoroarsenate lithium
(LiAsF6), LiBF4 (LiBF4), difluorophosphate (LiPO4F2), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), fluorine sulfimide lithium
(LiFSI), one of bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium (LiTFSI) or biethyl diacid lithium borate (LiBOB) or a variety of mixed
Close object.
6. electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the lithium salt is 0.5~3.5mol/L.
7. electrolyte according to any one of claim 1 to 6, wherein the additive is 5- amino -4- cyano -3-
(2- ethyoxyl -2- carboxymethyl) -2- thiophene ethyl formate.
8. a kind of method for preparing electrolyte described in any one of claim 1 to 7 comprising following steps:
The organic solvent is handled with molecular sieve purification in the glove box full of inert atmosphere；
Then the lithium salts is dissolved in the organic solvent；
And the additive is added in the organic solvent dissolved with the lithium salts, stirring to whole dissolutions, wherein be based on institute
The weight of battery electrolyte is stated, the concentration of the additive is 0.03wt%~3wt%.
9. a kind of lithium ion battery comprising electrolyte as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7.
10. lithium ion battery according to claim 9, wherein the lithium ion battery is high-voltage lithium ion batteries.
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