CN109958423A - A kind of forced closed method improving multiple fracturing fracture support section - Google Patents
A kind of forced closed method improving multiple fracturing fracture support section Download PDFInfo
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- CN109958423A CN109958423A CN201711400731.5A CN201711400731A CN109958423A CN 109958423 A CN109958423 A CN 109958423A CN 201711400731 A CN201711400731 A CN 201711400731A CN 109958423 A CN109958423 A CN 109958423A
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- proppant
- closed
- time
- support section
- multiple fracturing
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of forced closed methods for improving multiple fracturing fracture support section.It include: (1) crucial Cook method；(2) layering crack propagation law simulation；(3) selection of super-low-density proppant；Proppant average grain diameter is the 1/10~1/6 of minimum fracture width；The bulk density of proppant is less than 1.4g/cm3(4) simulation of closed-in time after pressing: by the fracturing parameter of offset well around the well, closed-in time after different pressures is set, observe the variation of the proppant concentration section in different time, proppant concentration section such as certain two closed-in time is very close, then taking the previous time is the final closed-in time.The present invention carries out complex optimum to closed-in time after proppant partial size, pressure etc., improves multiple fracturing fracture support section, solves current technology limitation, realizes the maximization of effect of increasing production after pressure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to drilling technology fields, further say, are to be related to a kind of improvement multiple fracturing fracture support section
Forced closed method.The present invention can be used for the reservoirs such as carbonate rock, sandstone, shale, can be used to straight well, it can also be used to horizontal
Well hydraulic fracturing.
Background technique
Currently, the either general pressure break of straight well multilayer or horizontal well is worn lamination and split, forced after requiring pressure using crack
Closure techniques accelerate the row of returning of fracturing fluid and the closure process in crack, prevented replacement band to reduce the filtrate injury of fracturing fluid
The serious damage of flow conductivity at the sealing come.It because of the backflow effeet of proppant, such as controls proper, can make far from the branch at sealing
Agent is supportted, before crack closure, is migrated again to support at sealing.
Existing more than 20 years developing histories of crack forced closed technology, at that time mainly for pressure break target zone only one
Or even if there are multiple layers, after all being pressed off, also think to be equal to simple layer pressure break, i.e. hypothesis layer intrinsic permeability and stress etc.
All homogeneous distributions.The technology all obtains expected effect in applying at the scene.But for multiple fracturing, each layer of infiltration
Rate and stress etc. are all different, and also difference greatly, in this context, such as also uses previous crack forced closed skill sometimes
Art certainly will have following limitation:
(1) Extending Law in crack is not consistent close to the Extending Law of identical but different interlayer in same layer, i.e.,
Penetrate through crack entirely on vertical.It is apparent that the layer that stress is high or permeability is good, fracture width is relatively low, final
Fracture condudtiviy may be lower, and in the opposite case, fracture condudtiviy is relatively higher.This will lead to permeability it is good or
The fracture condudtiviy of the high layer of stress is insufficient or it is fast to reduce, so that the excavation of production capacity after pressure is influenced, and permeability difference or stress
The fracture condudtiviy of low layer could possibly be higher than actual needs, also result in unnecessary waste.How to act in a diametrically opposite way, is then
Improve the free-revving engine of multiple fracturing potentiality.
(2) proppant selection is improper.When horizontal well, which wears lamination, to be split, when using conventional particle size and the proppant of density, water
The support effect of the above reservoir of horizontal well cylinder can be because of the proppant migration big and big heavy discount of resistance.It in extreme circumstances, may be big absolutely
Part proppant is all only distributed in the reservoir where horizontal wellbore, and other reservoirs may have new split having been pressed off
Seam extends, but proppant migration is entered and the probability effectively laid substantially reduces.Therefore, say it is that horizontal well is worn lamination and split, it is practical
On be still single layer pressure break；For straight well multiple fracturing, it is higher may to be suitable only for fracture width for the proppant of conventional particle size
Crack needs, and the ratio migrated and laid in relatively narrow crack also has the reduction of suitable amplitude.It forces to close in crack at this time
Conjunction technology is lost meaning for the crack for having no or only small part proppant in pressure break target zone.Because of forced closed
The original intention of technology is exactly to improve the distribution of crack inner support agent, the improvement of effect after making it be more advantageous to support section and pressure.
Therefore, it is necessary to study and propose a kind of new crack forced closed method suitable for multilayer.
Summary of the invention
To solve the problem in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of improvement multiple fracturing fracture support sections
Forced closed method.For the biggish multiple fracturing of the difference such as every layer of permeability and stress, in the base of crucial Cook method
On plinth, research layering crack propagation law carries out complex optimum to closed-in time after proppant partial size, pressure etc., improves multilayer pressure
Fracture support section is split, current technology limitation is solved, realizes the maximization of effect of increasing production after pressure.
General thought of the invention:
(1) multilayer crack proppant is uniformly distributed technology
Either straight well multiple fracturing or horizontal well are worn lamination and are split, all using the super-low-density proppant compared with small particle
(vertical depth, which is less than 2000m, can be used super-low-density proppant, and vertical depth is greater than based on the use super-low-density proppant of 200m, is hot on the trail of
Conventional density proppant).Why super-low-density proppant is selected, and main cause is to improve the supporting efficiency in crack, especially
Remote well area crack has a very important significance to fracture support agent area and volume is improved, and cooperation thinking (2)
It is required that.
As for the selection of partial size, using the accurate simulation calculated result of longitudinal crack width section as foundation, with minimum widith
Subject to, proppant average grain diameter takes the 1/10~1/6 of minimum fracture width.No matter, all can be true in this way, how high construction sand liquor ratio
It protects proppant and passes through most narrow crack.
Certainly, the reduction of proppant partial size is the reduction of corresponding flow conductivity, should be analyzed in conjunction with numerical simulation for oil-gas reservoir, with
Subject to specific pressure break purpose layer data, influence of the different fracture condudtiviy of sunykatuib analysis to yield after pressure, such as water conservancy diversion energy
Power influences less, then the size of partial size also influences less.And partial size is small, and at the scene under execution conditions, higher sand can be added
Liquor ratio and support dosage, therefore, the flow conductivity actually provided may be unlike the flow conductivity of relatively large partial size proppant.And
The result of flow conductivity is all based on identical proppant and lays concentration and rock in laboratory.In fact, to fracture planes pair
It is more to require to be fracture length, complexity and transformation volume for low-permeability reservoir, and the requirement to flow conductivity is not
It is high.It therefore, is also suitable for the selection theoretically of small particle proppant.
Proppant in multilayer crack can be achieved close to uniform distribution using above-mentioned technology substantially.
(2) appropriate closing well carries out crack forced closed measure again after pressure break
Previous crack forced closed technology is to carry out drain measure, after causing crack closure, different layers after having pressed immediately
Between fracture condudtiviy close to identical.Therefore, after pressure break, appropriate closing well for a period of time, in well shut-in period, different layers
Because of permeability difference, filtration rate is also different, and the good layer of permeability is bound to cause the proppant in crack toward herein because leak-off is big
Migration.Permeability is better, and the ratio of proppant migration is bigger, and final proppant lays concentration and flow conductivity is also higher.And
The layer of permeability difference, leak-off is also small, also few toward the support dosage migrated herein, in some instances it may even be possible to hypotonic because of the influence of high leak-off layer
It is lower that proppant at reservoir lays concentration.As long as the time of closing well is suitble to, it is final the result is that hypertonic reservoir obtain it is higher
Fracture condudtiviy, low permeability reservoir obtain the lower flow conductivity being adapted with its permeability, and therefore, support section is than previous
Typical crack forced closed technology lays concentration profile close to uniform proppant, more conducively excavates the productive potentialities of multilayer.
It is simulated in the seam under the different closed-in times as the determination of closed-in time after pressure with mature results of fracture simulation software
Proppant concentration situation of change, as long as the sign that the laying concentration of proppant is also improved at analog result discovery high permeability formation,
It can continue to extend the closed-in time, until the laying concentration of proppant no longer occurs significantly to change.
The super-low-density proppant when proppant of stage application, and all pressures in crack are required after pressing crack construction
It splits liquid uniform and complete and breaks glue, therefore, the viscosity of fracturing fluid is also low, and the density of proppant is also low, the migration resistance in crack
It is low, therefore, in the moving distribution again because of permeability and leak-off crack inner support agent caused by different, it is easier to realize.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of forced closed methods for improving multiple fracturing fracture support section.
Include:
(1) crucial Cook method；
(2) layering crack propagation law simulation；
(3) selection of super-low-density proppant；
(4) simulation of closed-in time after pressing.
Wherein, preferably:
Step (2), it is each up and down to pressure break target zone to take 20-50m distance on the basis of (1) more, it carries out layering crack and expands
Exhibition rule simulation.
Step (3), proppant average grain diameter are the 1/10~1/6 of minimum fracture width.The bulk density of proppant is less than
1.4g/cm3。
The closed-in time after different pressures is arranged by the fracturing parameter of offset well around the well in step (4), and observation is different
The variation of proppant concentration section in time, the proppant concentration section such as certain two closed-in time is very close, then before taking
One time is the final closed-in time.
According to the closed-in time that step (4) are designed, the closing well after pressure.
The method also includes:
Perforation, pressure break, replacement, drain and seek production process.
Following steps specifically can be used in the present invention:
(1) crucial Cook method
Interlayer up and down to pressure break target zone and intermediate interlayer and target zone top bottom etc. carries out the evaluation of system, obtains longitudinal direction
On various parameters continuously distributed data, including lithology, physical property, oil-gas possibility, sensibility, rock mechanics, crustal stress and day
Right distribution situations of cracks etc..It is main to carry out comprehensive assessment using the means such as well logging, well logging, core analysis.
The assessment of especially longitudinal profile of geostress and intrinsic fracture etc., influences to Guan Chong the crack propagation law of multilayer
It wants, or even the method that well log interpretation crustal stress and on-the-spot test crustal stress can be taken to correct, obtains accurately layering crustal stress etc.
Data.
The data such as temperature logging data or underground microseism after offset well pressure can also be used, the height of fracture is monitored,
The data that layering crustal stress is corrected with this keep subsequent analog result more accurate reliable.
(2) layering crack propagation law simulation
It is each up and down to pressure break target zone to take 20-50m distance on the basis of (1) more, using multilayer crack extended simulation
Software GOFHER is simulated, and simulates workload to reduce, using orthogonal design method, simulate different pressing crack construction discharge capacities,
Crack propagation law under liquid measure, support dosage and fracturing fluid viscosity etc., especially fracture width is in longitudinal regularity of distribution, i.e.,
The width section in crack.
(3) partial size of super-low-density proppant is preferred
On the basis of (2), it is 6-10 times of proppant average grain diameter by fracture width and carrys out the average grain of preferred proppant
Diameter, to realize proppant being uniformly distributed in fracture height.
(4) simulation of closed-in time after pressing
By the requirement of thinking (2), using above-mentioned GOFHER simulation softward, by the fracturing parameter of offset well around the well,
Closed-in time after different pressures, such as 0,30min, 60min, 90min, 120min, 150min, 180min are set, when observing different
The variation of interior proppant concentration section, the proppant concentration section such as certain two closed-in time is very close, then before can use
One time is the final closed-in time.
Do not change substantially if the proppant of different time lays concentration profile, illustrates that the difference for being layered permeability is insufficient
So that seam inner support agent generates moving distribution again, at this time then still using conventional crack forced closed technology.
(5) other perforations, pressure break, replacement, drain and production process is sought, executes referring to conventional process, does not go to live in the household of one's in-laws on getting married herein.
The effect of invention:
It is of the present invention to use completely new processing technique compared with forced closed technology in crack after existing pressure, no longer
Using being directed to only one layer of target zone or thinking the technology for being equal to simple layer, on the basis of crucial Cook method, grind
Study carefully the crack propagation law under the conditions of different pressing crack construction discharge capacities, liquid measure, proppant dosage, fracturing fluid viscosity etc., and then to branch
Closed-in time etc. carries out complex optimum after support agent partial size, pressure.
The present invention can be effectively improved multiple fracturing fracture support section, improve multiple fracturing potentiality to the maximum extent.
Site operation has operability.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment
A well, interval of interest lithology are canescence gassiness glutenite, and intrinsic fracture is relatively developed.Target zone pressure break well section is
2437.9-2502.6m, point two layers of pressure break, reservoir be averaged Young's modulus 47.6GPa, and be averaged Poisson's ratio 0.20；Target zone and top
The stress difference of interlayer is about 4.7MPa, is about 6.5MPa with lower part barrier stress difference；Target zone temperature is 102 DEG C.It should to understand
The gas-bearing property and production capacity of target zone, and lower step exploration assessment work is carried out to the block, the process that this patent proposes is used for reference,
In conjunction with this well actual conditions, the design of hydraulic fracturing scheme and site pilot test of the well are carried out, specific implementation method and effect are such as
Under:
(1) by means such as core analysis and well log interpretations, it is longitudinal various Cook method: to analyze target zone
The continuously distributed situation of reservoir parameter, wherein lithology is canescence gassiness glutenite, and oil-gas possibility is gassiness, and intrinsic fracture is relatively sent out
It educates, and has answered distribution situation, strata pressure 25.4-27.2MPa, Young's modulus average out in conjunction with simulation with being calculated
The stress difference of 47.6GPa, Poisson's ratio average out to 0.20, target zone and top interlayer is about 4.7MPa, poor with lower part barrier stress
About 6.5MPa, target zone temperature are 109 DEG C.
(2) crack propagation law is simulated: it is obtained on parameter basis in (1), takes 20m more on pressure break target zone, it is lower to take more
30m.Using GOFHER software, using orthogonal design method to pressing crack construction discharge capacity, liquid measure, fracturing fluid viscosity, support dosage etc.
Crack propagation law under different construction parameters carries out analog study, and preferably corresponding construction is joined under best fracture support section out
Number.
(3) partial size of super-low-density proppant is preferred: simulating calculated result according to (2), pressing crack construction preliminary stage is selected
70/140 mesh powder pottery, mid-term select sand in 40/70 mesh, and the later period selects 30/50 mesh coarse sand.
Density 1.33g/cm3, minimum fracture width be 3mm, 300 μm of proppant average grain diameter.
(4) closed-in time optimizes after pressing: referring to offset well fracturing parameter, after calculating pressure using the simulation of GOFHER software
Closed-in time is respectively proppant concentration profile change under the conditions of 0,30min, 60min, 90min, 120min, 150min, simulation
As a result it is closer to for proppant concentration profile change under the conditions of 90min and 120min, selection 90min is the closed-in time.
Pressing crack construction is carried out to the well by above-mentioned steps, site construction technology is succeeded.In conjunction with well temperature after the well pressure
The secondary analog result in crack after result of log interpretation and pressure, it was demonstrated that fracture support section obtains obviously compared to offset well after the well pressure
Improve, be concentrated mainly in target zone and extend on the longitudinal direction of crack, high stress is suitable with the fracture width on low stress stratum, main to collect
In between 0.4~0.6cm；Proppant lays more uniform in crack, and sanding concentration concentrates on 4-5kg/m3.It is taken after the well pressure
Preferable effect was obtained, initial stage daily output tolerance is 3.0*10 after pressure4m3/ d, the daily output is stablized in 1.6*10 after half a year4m3/ d is left
It is right.
It is proved by the pilot test of the well: using for reference the process that this patent proposes, fracture support section is compared after pressure
In offset well be improved significantly, initial stage daily output tolerance reaches 2 times of offset well or so, and after pressing production decline considerably slower than offset well or
Adjacent area block, stable yields and validity period rise appreciably after pressure, achieve significant oil increasing effect, improve the fracturing reform effect of such reservoir
Fruit.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of forced closed method for improving multiple fracturing fracture support section, it is characterised in that the described method includes:
(1) crucial Cook method；
(2) layering crack propagation law simulation；
(3) selection of super-low-density proppant；
(4) simulation of closed-in time after pressing.
2. improving the forced closed method of multiple fracturing fracture support section as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Step (2), it is each up and down to pressure break target zone to take 20-50m distance on the basis of (1) more, carry out layering crack extension rule
Rule simulation.
3. improving the forced closed method of multiple fracturing fracture support section as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:
Step (3), proppant average grain diameter are the 1/10~1/6 of minimum fracture width.
4. improving the forced closed method of multiple fracturing fracture support section as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that:
The bulk density of proppant is less than 1.4g/cm3。
5. improving the forced closed method of multiple fracturing fracture support section as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that:
The closed-in time after different pressures is arranged by the fracturing parameter of offset well around the well in step (4), observes different time
The variation of interior proppant concentration section, the proppant concentration section such as certain two closed-in time is very close, then takes previous
Time is the final closed-in time.
6. improving the forced closed method of multiple fracturing fracture support section as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that:
According to the closed-in time that step (4) are designed, the closing well after pressure.
7. improving the forced closed method of multiple fracturing fracture support section as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Method includes:
Perforation, pressure break, replacement, drain and seek production process.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711400731.5A CN109958423A (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2017-12-22 | A kind of forced closed method improving multiple fracturing fracture support section |
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| CN201711400731.5A CN109958423A (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2017-12-22 | A kind of forced closed method improving multiple fracturing fracture support section |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114233261A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-03-25 | 西南石油大学 | Method for realizing uniform transformation of oil and gas well by low-cost staged fracturing |
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