CN109957684A - A kind of preparation method of auto parts and components High-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of auto parts and components High-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy material Download PDFInfo
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- CN109957684A CN109957684A CN201711427255.6A CN201711427255A CN109957684A CN 109957684 A CN109957684 A CN 109957684A CN 201711427255 A CN201711427255 A CN 201711427255A CN 109957684 A CN109957684 A CN 109957684A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
- C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of auto parts and components High-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy material.The aluminum alloy materials ingredient is Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe high-strength temperature-resistant type aluminium alloy, and preparation method includes: Al alloy powder preparation, powder compacting, sinter molding, heat treatment reinforcement.Aluminium alloy milling step first uses gas atomization to prepare Al-Fe atomized powder, Al-Fe atomized powder and pure Al, pure Cu, pure Mg, pure Si powder is then carried out ball milling mixing again, Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe mixed-powder needed for obtaining material.Mixed-powder is 470~570 DEG C in temperature after cold moudling, vacuum degree≤10‑2It is sintered molding under conditions of Pa, obtains aluminum alloy materials billet, finally carries out heat treatment reinforcement.The preparation time of Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe powder is greatly shortened in the present invention, improves production efficiency；Avoid the scaling loss of Mg element in powder preparing processes；The aluminum alloy materials of preparation obtain high tensile strength under the conditions of room temperature and high temperature (200 DEG C), can be used for auto parts and components material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of auto parts and components High-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy material, belong to automotive material system
Standby technical field.
Background technique
With the rapid development of the automotive industry, requirement of the auto parts and components to material therefor is higher and higher, not only needs material
Material has low-density to meet lightweight target, requires high temperature resistant, wear-resistant, dimensional stability also to reach use of being on active service and want
It asks.Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe is a kind of high-strength temperature-resistant type aluminium alloy, has low-density (< 3.0g/cm3), high intensity, high temperature resistant,
The comprehensive performances such as low thermal coefficient of expansion have been used for the components such as piston of automobile engine, air conditioning compressor blade in recent years.So
And when preparing Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe material using casting technique, due to Si particle more difficult to control in alloy graining process and Al-
The heat-resisting phase of Fe is grown up, and material property is generally difficult to reach requirement；And powder metallurgy aerosolization method is used to be quickly cooled down
Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe alloy melt, the Al-Cu-Mg- of the available Si particle with microsize and Al-Fe phase constitution
Si-Fe alloy powder, the material that powder obtains after sintering can get high mechanical property, can satisfy making for auto parts and components
With requiring.
Currently, tradition Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe powder aerosolization processing step are as follows: alloy raw material melting ingot → alloy pig
Enter atomizing furnace secondary fusion → alloy melt gas-atomized powder.Wherein, it during alloy raw material melting ingot, is closed to improve
The smelting efficiency of gold, generally requires and first prepares Al-Si and Al-Fe intermediate alloy, then again by intermediate alloy and Al ingot, Cu ingot
With the common melting ingot of Mg ingot.Above-mentioned fusion process has the following problems: (1) Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe melting ingot includes three times
Fusion process, the i.e. melting of Al-Si intermediate alloy, the melting of Al-Fe intermediate alloy, Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe alloy melting, melting time
Number is more, energy consumption is high, production long preparation period；(2) Mg in alloy is easy scaling loss element, and the scaling loss of Mg causes to close in fusion process
The golden more difficult accurate control of ingredient, and then influence material mechanical performance.And Mg is generally added in melting final stage in melt, this
It just needs for melt temperature (850~950 DEG C) to be down to suitable temperature (such as 700~750 DEG C) to operate again, melt is caused to drop
Warm waiting time is long, reduces production efficiency.(3) in Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe alloy element species it is more (Al, Cu, Mg, Si,
Fe), complicated component, process window narrow (atomization temperature, atomization cooling velocity, atomization gas more demanding to powder by atomization technique
Pressure), powder atomization difficulty is big, the period is long.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation methods of auto parts and components High-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy material, with contracting
Short powder preparation time improves production efficiency, reduces the scaling loss of Mg element in material, reduces atomized powder and prepares difficulty.
To achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of preparation method of auto parts and components High-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy material, aluminum alloy materials ingredient are Al-Cu-
Mg-Si-Fe, by weight percentage, each element content are as follows: Mg 0.8~2%, Si 9~25%, Cu 0~7%, Fe 1~
8%, surplus Al；Method includes the following steps:
(1) pure Al ingot, pure Fe stick are configured by 1: 1~9: 1 mass ratio, then carries out vacuum melting preparation Al-Fe and closes
Golden billet；
(2) gas-atomized powder, atomized Al-Fe powder are carried out to Al-Fe alloy billet；
(3) pure Al powder, pure Si powder, pure Mg powder, pure Cu powder and atomization Al-Fe powder are configured in proportion, is packed into ball mill
In carry out mixed powder；
(4) uniformly mixed Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe powder is suppressed, sinter molding, obtains aluminium alloy billet, and
Carry out heat treatment reinforcement.
In the step (1), the purity > 99.5% of pure Al ingot, pure Fe stick, vacuum melting temperature is 1100~1300
DEG C, vacuum degree≤10-2Pa。
In the step (2), the aerosolization pouring temperature of Al-Fe alloy billet is 1100~1300 DEG C, atomization protection
Atmosphere be nitrogen, argon gas or helium in any one, the 99.5% of gas purity.
In the step (3), Al powder is ball aluminum powder, and purity > 99.5%, average grain diameter is 2~50 μm；Si powder is
Cerioid silicon powder, purity > 99.5%, average grain diameter are 2~5 μm；Mg powder is ball-shaped magnesite powder, purity > 99.5%, average grain diameter
It is 30~80 μm；Cu powder is dendroid or spherical copper powder, and purity > 99.5%, average grain diameter is 5~20 μm；It is atomized Al-Fe powder
The average grain diameter at end is 20~80 μm.
In the step (3), ball mill used is tumbling ball mill, and drum's speed of rotation is 50~250 revs/min,
Mixing time is 2~6h, and ball-milling medium is the stainless shot of diameter 10mm, and mixing method is dry-mixed.
In the step (4), sintering forming process is any one in hot pressing, hot isostatic pressing, hot extrusion or rolling,
Forming temperature is 470~570 DEG C.
In the step (4), the solid solubility temperature of the heat treatment is 450~500 DEG C, and solution time is 1~3h, timeliness
Temperature is 160~220 DEG C, and aging time is 2~20h.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention mixes the novel flouring technology that powder combines with ball milling using powder by atomization, need to only carry out melting once preparation
Al-Fe alloy out, then Al-Fe alloy is subjected to powder by atomization, obtain the Al-Fe alloyed powder with tiny heat-resisting phase constitution；So
Al-Fe powder and pure Al powder, Cu powder, Mg powder, Si powder ball milling is carried out afterwards to mix powder, compacting, be sintered, be prepared into Al-Cu-Mg-Si-
Fe material billet.It does not need to carry out three step alloy meltings in preparation process, substantially reduces preparation time, improve production effect
Rate has saved cost；And Al-Fe alloy is simple bianry alloy, the ingredient letter relative to Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe alloy
Single, powder by atomization simple process, nebulisation time shortens；Importantly, ball milling is not related to hot environment, Mg during mixing powder
Scaling loss is not present in element, and alloying component control is more accurate.
It is obtained under the conditions of room temperature and high temperature (200 DEG C) using aluminum alloy materials prepared by method of the invention high
Tensile strength can be used for auto parts and components material.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the novel preparation process process of High-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy material.
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure photo of high-strength temperature-resistant Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe material in embodiment 2.
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the invention will be described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention not only limit
In this.
As shown in Figure 1, the preparation process of high-strength temperature-resistant auto parts and components material of the present invention are as follows: Al-Fe alloy billet vacuum
Melting → gas-atomized powder → Al-Fe atomized powder mixes → compression moulding → sinter molding → heat with Al, Mg, Si, Cu powder
Processing is strengthened.
Embodiment 1
First by pure Al ingot (purity > 99.5%), pure Fe stick (purity > 99.5%) according to mass percent ratio 4: 1
Configuration preparation Al-20Fe alloy is carried out, vacuum melting is carried out, smelting temperature is 1300 DEG C, and vacuum degree is 1 × 10-2Pa；Then will
Al-Fe alloy gas-atomized powder, aerosolization pouring temperature are 1300 DEG C, and atomizing medium is nitrogen (purity > 99.5%)；By Al-
Fe atomized powder (average grain diameter is 50 μm) and Al powder (spherical powder, purity > 99.5%, average grain diameter are 10 μm), Cu powder (tree
Dendritic powder, purity > 99.5%, average grain diameter be 10 μm), Mg powder (spherical powder, purity > 99.5%, average grain diameter be 50 μm),
It is Al-3Cu-2Mg- that Si powder (cerioid powder, purity > 99.5%, average grain diameter are 4 μm) is configured to nominal composition in proportion
The powder of 20Si-6Fe (3,2,20 and 6 indicate that the mass percent of Cu, Mg, Si, Fe are respectively 3%, 2%, 20%, 6%), and
It carries out ball milling and mixes powder, drum's speed of rotation is 200 revs/min, and mixing time 4 hours, ball-milling medium was the stainless shot of 10mm；It will
Uniformly mixed powder carries out cold moudling, hot pressed sintering, and sintering temperature is 550 DEG C, vacuum degree < 10-2Pa finally carries out heat
Processing is strengthened, and solid solubility temperature is 490 DEG C, soaking time 2h, and aging temp is 190 DEG C, soaking time 12h.
Flouring technology of the present embodiment by novel aerosolization in conjunction with the mixed powder of ball milling, powder manufacturing cycle is compared to original
There is traditional gas atomization, at least reduces 10 hours production cycles, improve production efficiency；The preparation of the present embodiment technique
Al-3Cu-2Mg-20Si-6Fe mixed-powder test material ingredient after hot pressed sintering, Mg constituent content are 1.95wt.% (name
Adopted content is 2.0%), not lose substantially.And the Al-3Cu-2Mg-20Si-6Fe atomized powder of original traditional handicraft preparation is through warm
Mg content is 1.30wt.%, element loss 35% in test material after pressure；Novel process preparation material room temperature intensity be
500MPa, 200 DEG C of elevated temperature strengths are 230MPa, and the material room temperature intensity of original traditional handicraft preparation is 495MPa, 200 DEG C of height
Warm intensity is 225MPa, and the material property of two kinds of technique preparation is close.
Embodiment 2
First by pure Al ingot (purity > 99.5%), pure Fe stick (purity > 99.5%) according to mass percent ratio 4: 1
Configuration preparation Al-20Fe alloy is carried out, vacuum melting is carried out, smelting temperature is 1250 DEG C, and vacuum degree is 1 × 10-2Pa；Then will
Al-Fe alloy gas-atomized powder, aerosolization pouring temperature are 1250 DEG C, and atomizing medium is argon gas (purity > 99.5%)；By Al-
Fe atomized powder (average grain diameter is 30 μm) and Al powder (spherical powder, purity > 99.5%, average grain diameter are 20 μm), Cu powder (ball
Shape powder, purity > 99.5%, average grain diameter be 20 μm), Mg powder (spherical powder, purity > 99.5%, average grain diameter be 40 μm), Si
It is Al-6Cu-1.5Mg- that powder (cerioid powder, purity > 99.5%, average grain diameter are 3 μm) is configured to nominal composition in proportion
The powder of 12Si-2Fe (6,1.5,12 and 2 indicate that the mass percent of Cu, Mg, Si, Fe are respectively 6%, 1.5%, 12%, 2%)
End, and carry out ball milling and mix powder, drum's speed of rotation is 220 revs/min, and mixing time is 3 hours, and ball-milling medium is the stainless of 10mm
Steel ball；Uniformly mixed powder is subjected to cold moudling, HIP sintering, sintering temperature is 470 DEG C, vacuum degree < 10-2Pa,
Heat treatment reinforcement is finally carried out, solid solubility temperature is 500 DEG C, soaking time 1h, and aging temp is 170 DEG C, soaking time 5h.
Fig. 2 is to pass through Al-6Cu-1.5Mg-12Si-2Fe Fine Texture of Material manufactured in the present embodiment, and display material interior tissue is thin
It is small, be evenly distributed, do not occur coarse lath-shaped Si and coarse phase constitution containing Fe.
Flouring technology of the present embodiment by novel aerosolization in conjunction with the mixed powder of ball milling, powder manufacturing cycle is compared to original
There is traditional gas atomization, at least reduces 11 hours production cycles, improve production efficiency；The preparation of the present embodiment technique
Al-6Cu-1.5Mg-12Si-2Fe mixed-powder test material ingredient after hot pressed sintering, Mg constituent content are 1.46wt.%
(nominal content is 1.50%), does not lose substantially.And the Al-6Cu-1.5Mg-12Si-2Fe atomized powder of original traditional handicraft preparation
Mg content is 0.8wt.%, element loss 46.7% in test material after hot pressing at end.The material room temperature of novel process preparation is strong
Degree is 458MPa, and 200 DEG C of elevated temperature strengths are 210MPa, and the material room temperature intensity of original traditional handicraft preparation is 449MPa, 200
DEG C elevated temperature strength is 208MPa, and the material property of two kinds of technique preparation is close.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of preparation method of auto parts and components High-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy material, aluminum alloy materials ingredient is Al-Cu-Mg-
Si-Fe, by weight percentage, each element content are as follows: Mg 0.8~2%, Si 9~25%, Cu 0~7%, Fe 1~8%,
Surplus is Al；It is characterized in that, method includes the following steps:
(1) pure Al ingot, pure Fe stick are configured by 1: 1~9: 1 mass ratio, then carries out vacuum melting and prepares Al-Fe alloy preform
Ingot；
(2) gas-atomized powder, atomized Al-Fe powder are carried out to Al-Fe alloy billet；
(3) by pure Al powder, pure Si powder, pure Mg powder, pure Cu powder and atomization Al-Fe powder configure in proportion, be fitted into ball mill into
The mixed powder of row；
(4) uniformly mixed Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe powder is suppressed, sinter molding, obtains aluminium alloy billet, and carry out
Heat treatment reinforcement.
2. the preparation method of aluminum alloy materials according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (1), pure Al
The purity > 99.5% of ingot, pure Fe stick, vacuum melting temperature are 1100~1300 DEG C, vacuum degree≤10-2Pa。
3. the preparation method of aluminum alloy materials according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (2), Al-
The aerosolization pouring temperature of Fe alloy billet is 1100~1300 DEG C, and atomization protective atmosphere is appointing in nitrogen, argon gas or helium
It anticipates one kind, gas purity >=99.5%.
4. the preparation method of aluminum alloy materials according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (3), Al powder
For ball aluminum powder, purity > 99.5%, average grain diameter is 2~50 μm；Si powder is cerioid silicon powder, and purity > 99.5% is average
Partial size is 2~5 μm；Mg powder is ball-shaped magnesite powder, and purity > 99.5%, average grain diameter is 30~80 μm；Cu powder is dendroid or ball
Shape copper powder, purity > 99.5%, average grain diameter are 5~20 μm；The average grain diameter for being atomized Al-Fe powder is 20~80 μm.
5. the preparation method of aluminum alloy materials according to claim 1, which is characterized in that used in the step (3)
Ball mill is tumbling ball mill, and drum's speed of rotation is 50~250 revs/min, and mixing time is 2~6h, and ball-milling medium is straight
The stainless shot of diameter 10mm, mixing method are dry-mixed.
6. the preparation method of aluminum alloy materials according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (4), sintering
Moulding process is any one in hot pressing, hot isostatic pressing, hot extrusion or rolling, and forming temperature is 470~570 DEG C.
7. the preparation method of aluminum alloy materials according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in the step (4)
The solid solubility temperature of heat treatment is 450~500 DEG C, and solution time is 1~3h, and aging temp is 160~220 DEG C, aging time 2
~20h.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN111471882A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-07-31 | 安徽嘀通网络科技有限公司 | Preparation process of rapid solidification/sintering type high-silicon aluminum alloy for automobile |
| CN112375944A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-19 | 宁波德业粉末冶金有限公司 | Compression valve seat for multifunctional oil leakage prevention hydraulic shock absorber |
| CN113802034A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-12-17 | 合肥工业大学 | Heat-resistant aluminum alloy for piston, preparation method and performance |
| CN114309628A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2022-04-12 | 武汉科技大学 | FeSiBPNbCr amorphous magnetic powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN115287504A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-11-04 | 中南大学 | Novel light Al-Sc-Zr-Y-O heat-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115287504A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-11-04 | 中南大学 | Novel light Al-Sc-Zr-Y-O heat-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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