CN109956823B - Production method of potassium sulfate fertilizer granules - Google Patents
Production method of potassium sulfate fertilizer granules Download PDFInfo
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- CN109956823B CN109956823B CN201910338089.5A CN201910338089A CN109956823B CN 109956823 B CN109956823 B CN 109956823B CN 201910338089 A CN201910338089 A CN 201910338089A CN 109956823 B CN109956823 B CN 109956823B
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- Prior art keywords
- potassium sulfate
- iron oxide
- oxide red
- fertilizer
- dryer
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- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 82
- 229960005191 ferric oxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 22
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 22
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 22
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000001054 red pigment Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 5
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003250 coal slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a production method of potassium sulfate fertilizer granules, which comprises the steps of crushing potassium sulfate and iron oxide red, mixing the potassium sulfate and the iron oxide red, preparing a binder, granulating and the like. The potassium sulfate granular fertilizer produced by the method has uniform grain diameter, round and smooth surface and the grain strength reaches the national fertilizer requirement standard. During the transportation and application process, no pulverization occurs, and the fertilizer can be used as a raw material of a compound fertilizer.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer production. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for producing potassium sulfate fertilizer granules.
[ background of the invention ]
The main varieties of the potash fertilizer are potassium chloride and potassium sulfate, and in addition, a small amount of potassium nitrate is also added. Both imported and domestic potash fertilizers are mainly in powder form. The powdery fertilizer is not suitable for spreading, is easy to generate dust and run off, and is not easy to realize mechanized fertilization. Currently, 40% of the world's potash fertilizer is processed into granular form. Compared with powdery fertilizer, the granular fertilizer has good physical properties, does not generate dust during loading and unloading, does not agglomerate after long-term storage, has good fluidity, is easy to spread during fertilization, can be mechanically fertilized, and can play a role in moderate slow release to improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer. The granular fertilizers with similar sizes can be directly mixed to obtain the low-cost mixed fertilizer.
At present, 90 percent of granular potash fertilizers in the world are prepared by using powdery potash fertilizers as raw materials and adopting a roller extrusion method for secondary processing. The technological principle of rolling granulation is that dry materials are agglomerated into compact and hard blocks (cakes) under the action of pressure, and the cakes are crushed and screened to form granulated fertilizers. The air between the particles is evacuated by the extrusion, and the distance between the particles is sufficiently close to generate attractive forces such as van der waals forces, crystal bridges, and embedded connections. The granules produced by extrusion are mainly of granule strength due to the force between the molecules. The granulation time is long, and the granule strength is limited; and because potassium sulfate is a brittle material, it is easily broken without using a binder, and the surface of the extruded particles is coarse and easily broken.
The granular potash fertilizer is prepared through adding adhesive, re-crystallizing, mechanical pelletizing, etc. Among them, the types of binders commonly used in the binder addition method include clays (including clay, kaolin coal slurry, sepiolite powder, magnesia, etc.), phosphogypsum, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, etc. The granular potash fertilizer is prepared by adding a binder into a powdery potash fertilizer, and then granulating, drying and screening by using a disc granulation method. The method has the common problems that more useless components which are irrelevant to agricultural production are added, so that the effective components of the fertilizer are reduced, and the strength is low.
CN 200910213838, title of the invention, "a method for producing granulated potash fertilizer and its product" discloses a method for producing granulated potash fertilizer and its product, mixing powdered potash fertilizer and powdered rock phosphate used for producing granulated potash fertilizer proportionally, adding into a granulator, spraying acid solution on a material bed moving in the granulator according to the proportion of acid dosage, granulating, drying, cooling, sieving, metering and packaging the granulated material.
CN 201510190548, entitled "preparation method of round particle slow-release potash fertilizer" discloses a preparation method of round particle slow-release potash fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: adding an activating agent accounting for 0.5-2% of the mass of the phosphoric acid or phosphoric acid residue acid solution into the phosphoric acid or phosphoric acid residue acid solution with the mass concentration of 10-60% at the temperature of 80-120 ℃, and activating for 1-2h to prepare a mixed solution; spraying the mixed solution on the surface of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate crystals in granulation equipment to form a liquid coating, then adding powdery magnesium oxide, reacting the powdery magnesium oxide and the potassium chloride or potassium sulfate crystals to form a solidified substance with certain binding power and hardness, circularly repeating the steps, alternately adding the mixed solution and the magnesium oxide on the surface of the potassium chloride or potassium sulfate crystals, and gradually wrapping and growing small-particle fertilizers under continuous rolling to obtain the round-particle slow-release potassium fertilizer with the particle size of 4-5 mm. Due to the formation of a cured substance and the indissolvability of the cured substance, the round granular fertilizer has good slow release performance, and contains N, P, Mg and other nutrient elements.
In conclusion, the powdery fertilizer is easy to fly with the wind and is not beneficial to mechanical seeding, the granular potash fertilizer can solve the problems, and the demand of the granular potash fertilizer on the market is large, so that manufacturers are required to manufacture stable granular potash fertilizers to meet the market demand. At present, the process for producing granular potash fertilizers is researched a lot, but the technical levels are different, so that the production and application of the granular potash fertilizers are still in the stage to be developed. Aiming at the current market situation of potash fertilizers in China, if a production process route of granular potash fertilizers can be developed, the produced product has stable performance, the granular strength can reach the national requirement index of compound fertilizers, the fertilizer efficiency is high, the cost is low, the potassium salt resources can be effectively utilized, and the development of the potash fertilizer industry is promoted.
Potassium sulfate is a brittle material, and potassium sulfate granules made using some binders are easily broken and the surface of the extruded granules is rougher and easily abraded. The present inventors have made extensive experiments to solve the above problems and have developed a method for producing granular potassium sulfate according to the present invention.
[ summary of the invention ]
[ problem to be solved ]
The invention aims to provide a method for producing potassium sulfate fertilizer granules.
[ solution ]
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention relates to a method for producing potassium sulfate fertilizer granules.
The production method comprises the following steps:
A. pulverizing potassium sulfate and iron oxide red
Respectively adding potassium sulfate or iron oxide red into an electrothermal dryer, drying at the temperature of 100-105 ℃ for 80-120 min, then reducing the temperature to room temperature, crushing by using a crusher, then screening by using screening equipment, and respectively collecting potassium sulfate powder and iron oxide red powder with the granularity of 80-150 meshes;
B. mixing potassium sulfate with iron oxide red
B, adding the potassium sulfate powder and the iron oxide red powder obtained in the step A into a mixer, and stirring and mixing for 5-15 min to obtain a mixture of potassium sulfate and iron oxide red;
C. preparation of Binders
Slowly adding concentrated phosphoric acid into distilled water, uniformly stirring, and reducing the temperature to 30 ℃ to obtain the binder;
D. granulating
And C, adding the mixture of the potassium sulfate and the iron oxide red obtained in the step B into a disc granulator, adding the binder obtained in the step C into the disc granulator to prepare a spherical shape under the condition that the disc granulator rotates, and drying, cooling and screening to obtain potassium sulfate fertilizer particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step a, potassium sulphate is dried in an electrothermal dryer to a water content of less than 10% by weight; the iron oxide red is dried in an electrothermal dryer to a water content of less than 10% by weight.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step a, the electric heating dryer is selected from a box dryer, a belt dryer, an air flow dryer or a conduction dryer.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step a, the pulverizer is selected from a high-speed pulverizer, a ball mill or a universal pulverizer.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step a, the potassium sulfate is pulverized for 5-10 min by using a high speed pulverizer under the condition of drying to a water content of less than 10%.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step a, the iron oxide red is pulverized for 5 to 10min by using a high speed pulverizer under the condition of drying until the water content is below 10%.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step B, the mixing weight ratio of the potassium sulfate powder to the iron oxide red powder is 90 to 100: 4 to 10.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step C, the mixing weight ratio of the distilled water to the concentrated phosphoric acid is 40 to 90: 14 to 60.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step D, the amount of the binder is 5 to 15% by weight of the total weight of the mixture of potassium sulfate and iron oxide red.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step D, the formed spherical material is dried in a disk granulator for 90 to 120min at a temperature of 100 to 105 ℃.
The present invention will be described in more detail below.
The invention relates to a method for producing potassium sulfate fertilizer granules.
The production method comprises the following steps:
A. pulverizing potassium sulfate and iron oxide red
Respectively adding potassium sulfate or iron oxide red into an electrothermal dryer, drying at the temperature of 100-105 ℃ for 80-120 min, then reducing the temperature to room temperature, crushing by using a crusher, then screening by using screening equipment, and respectively collecting potassium sulfate powder and iron oxide red powder with the granularity of 80-150 meshes;
in the present invention, the main role of iron oxide red is to enhance the strength of potassium sulfate particles.
The iron oxide red used in the present invention is a product currently marketed, for example, by the Shuangqing pigment Co., Ltd, New county, under the trade name iron oxide red pigment. The potassium sulfate used in the invention is a product commonly used in the technical field of fertilizers at present.
In this step, potassium sulphate is dried in an electrothermal dryer to a water content of less than 10% by weight, as determined according to GB/T35924-; the iron oxide red is dried in an electrothermal dryer to a water content of less than 10% by weight, the water content being determined according to the standard analytical method of GB/T35924-.
The water content of the potassium sulfate is controlled below 10 percent, and the main purpose is to ensure the stable composition of potassium sulfate particles.
The main purpose of controlling the water content of the iron oxide red below 10 percent is to ensure the dosage of the iron oxide red in the potassium sulfate particles.
Respectively drying potassium sulfate or iron oxide red in an electrothermal dryer for 80-120 min, and if the drying temperature is lower than 100 ℃, reducing the composition of the potassium sulfate or the iron oxide red in potassium sulfate particles; if the drying temperature is higher than 105 ℃, the caking of potassium sulfate or iron oxide red can be caused; therefore, a drying temperature of 100 to 105 ℃ is suitable;
when the drying temperature is 100-105 ℃, if the drying time is less than 80min, potassium sulfate or iron oxide red cannot be dried fully; if the drying time is longer than 120min, excessive drying can result in agglomeration of potassium sulfate or iron oxide red, or waste of heat; therefore, the drying time is reasonable to be 80-120 min;
the electric heating dryer used in the production method of the present invention is selected from a box dryer, a belt dryer, an air flow dryer or a conduction dryer, which are all fertilizer drying apparatuses commonly used in the field of fertilizer production at present, and which are all products currently marketed, such as a box dryer sold under the trade name electric hot blast drying box by shanghai laboratory instruments co.
In step a, the dried potassium sulfate or iron oxide red is reduced to room temperature and then needs to be pulverized by a pulverizer, so that the potassium sulfate or iron oxide red can be fully mixed to prepare particles meeting the relevant national regulations.
And (3) respectively crushing the potassium sulfate and the iron oxide red for 5-10 min by using a high-speed crusher under the condition of drying until the water content is below 10%.
The high-speed pulverizer used in the present invention is selected from the group consisting of a high-speed pulverizer, a ball mill, and a universal pulverizer, which are fertilizer pulverizing apparatuses commonly used in the field of fertilizer production at present, and which are commercially available products such as a high-speed pulverizer sold under the trade name universal high-speed pulverizer by Shanghai Philibo food and instruments Co., Ltd, a ball mill sold under the trade name fully automatic planetary ball mill by Hongyo apparatus and instruments Co., Ltd, and a universal pulverizer sold under the trade name universal pulverizer by Jie.g. Ji shun machinery Co., Ltd.
The screening equipment used in the invention is the fertilizer screening equipment which is commonly used in the field of fertilizer production and sold in the market at present.
In the invention, the basic purpose of controlling the granularity of the potassium sulfate powder and the ferric oxide red powder within the range of 80-150 meshes is to ensure that powder fine particles can be fully contacted to form good potassium sulfate particles.
B. Mixing potassium sulfate with iron oxide red
B, adding the potassium sulfate powder and the iron oxide red powder obtained in the step A into a mixer, and stirring and mixing for 5-15 min to obtain a mixture of potassium sulfate and iron oxide red;
according to the invention, the mixing weight ratio of potassium sulfate powder to iron oxide red powder is 90-100: 4 to 10.
When the amount of the iron oxide red powder is 4-10, if the amount of the potassium sulfate powder is less than 90, the mass content of potassium sulfate in potassium sulfate particles is low; if the amount of the potassium sulfate powder is more than 100, the strength of potassium sulfate particles is reduced, and therefore, the amount of the potassium sulfate powder is preferably 90 to 100;
when the amount of the potassium sulfate powder is 90-100, if the amount of the iron oxide red powder is less than 4, the strength of potassium sulfate particles is reduced; if the amount of the ferric oxide red powder is more than 10, the mass content of the potassium sulfate in the potassium sulfate particles can be reduced; therefore, the amount of the iron oxide red powder is proper to be 4-10;
C. preparation of Binders
Slowly adding concentrated phosphoric acid into distilled water, uniformly stirring, and reducing the temperature to 30 ℃ to obtain the binder;
according to the invention, said concentrated phosphoric acid is understood to be phosphoric acid having a concentration of more than 83% by weight. Concentrated phosphoric acid is used in the present invention.
The mixing weight ratio of the distilled water to the concentrated phosphoric acid is 40-90: 14 to 60. The amount of the distilled water and the concentrated phosphoric acid exceeding the above range is not preferable because the adhesiveness of the binder exceeding the range is low or the binder does not sufficiently contact with the potassium sulfate or the red iron oxide powder.
D. Granulating
And C, adding the mixture of the potassium sulfate and the iron oxide red obtained in the step B into a disc granulator, adding the binder obtained in the step C into the disc granulator to prepare a spherical shape under the condition that the disc granulator rotates, and drying, cooling and screening to obtain potassium sulfate fertilizer particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm.
In this step, the amount of the binder is 5-15% of the total weight of the mixture of potassium sulfate and iron oxide red. If the dosage of the binder is less than 5 percent of the total weight of the mixture of the potassium sulfate and the iron oxide red, the binder can not be fully contacted with the potassium sulfate or the iron oxide red powder, thereby causing the low strength of potassium sulfate particles; if the dosage of the binder is more than 15 percent of the total weight of the mixture of the potassium sulfate and the iron oxide red, the water content of potassium sulfate particles is too high, which causes the roundness of the particles to be low; therefore, it is reasonable to use 5% to 15%, preferably 8% to 12% of the binder by weight of the mixture of potassium sulfate and iron oxide red.
In this step, the spherical material is dried in a disk pelletizer at a temperature of 100 to 105 ℃ for 90 to 120 min.
When the drying time for preparing the spherical material is 90-120 min, if the drying temperature is lower than 100 ℃, the potassium sulfate particles are insufficiently dried, so that the particle strength is low; if the drying temperature is higher than 105 ℃, the potassium sulfate particles are disintegrated due to the too fast heating; therefore, it is desirable that its drying temperature is 100 to 105 ℃;
when the drying temperature for preparing the spherical material is 100-105 ℃, if the drying time is less than 90min, the potassium sulfate particles are insufficiently dried, so that the particle strength is low; if it is dried for longer than 120min, the caking property is reduced to cause disintegration of potassium sulfate particles; therefore, the drying time of the product is 90-120 min;
according to the analysis and determination of GB 20406 plus 2017 potassium sulfate for agriculture standard, the potassium sulfate particles obtained by the production method have the following technical characteristics:
the content of potassium oxide is more than 50 percent;
the particle size of the particles is 2-4 mm;
particle Strength 29.7N
The particle size of the potassium sulfate granulated fertilizer obtained by the production method is 2-4 mm. Unqualified granules with the particle size of less than 2mm generated in the production process of the invention are directly returned to the granulator for granulation, while unqualified granules with the particle size of more than 4mm are crushed by the crusher and then returned to the granulator for re-granulation.
Of course, one can also determine the particle size range of the potassium sulfate fertilizer particles according to actual production needs.
The potassium oxide content of the potassium sulfate granular fertilizer obtained by the production method can reach 44.6 percent by weight at most. If it is desired to produce a low potassium sulphate content granular fertilizer, one may add to this fertilizer some filler, such as medium trace element fertilizer, organic fertilizer, zeolite powder, attapulgite or other fertilizer additives.
The observation of an optical microscope confirms that the potassium sulfate granular fertilizer produced by the production method has uniform grain diameter, round and round grains and smooth surface; the analysis and determination are carried out according to the GB15063-2001 standard of the compound fertilizer, and the particle strength of the product reaches the requirements of the national particle fertilizer standard.
[ advantageous effects ]
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the potassium sulfate granular fertilizer produced by the production method has uniform grain diameter, round and smooth surface and grain strength reaching the national fertilizer requirement standard. During the transportation and application process, no pulverization occurs, and the fertilizer can be used as a raw material of a compound fertilizer.
The invention has short process flow, can carry out intermittent production or continuous production, has simple operation condition and low production cost. The present invention can be used in the present compound fertilizer production enterprises to produce potassium sulfate granulated fertilizer.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The invention will be better understood from the following examples.
Example 1: production of potassium sulfate fertilizer granules
The implementation steps of this example are as follows:
A. pulverizing potassium sulfate and iron oxide red
Adding potassium sulfate into a box type dryer sold by Shanghai laboratory instruments and factories Limited under the trade name of an electrothermal blowing drying box, drying at 100 ℃ for 120min, and determining according to the standard analysis method of potassium sulfate GB/T20406-;
added by the Shuangqing pigment Co., Ltd., New county city under the trade name of iron oxide red pigment to a belt dryer sold under the trade name of belt dryer by the Jiuzuan drying equipment Co., Ltd., Changzhou city, dried at a temperature of 102 ℃ for 100min, and its water content was 9.6% by weight as measured according to the standard analytical method of iron oxide red pigment GB/T1863-,
then reducing the temperature of the raw materials to room temperature, respectively crushing the raw materials by using a high-speed crusher sold by Shanghai Philibo food and instruments Co., Ltd under the trade name of a universal high-speed crusher, then sieving the crushed raw materials by using a sieving device, and respectively collecting potassium sulfate powder and iron oxide red powder with the granularity of 120 meshes;
B. mixing potassium sulfate with iron oxide red
And B, mixing the potassium sulfate powder obtained in the step A and the iron oxide red powder according to a weight ratio of 90: 10 adding the mixture into a mixer, and stirring and mixing for 5min to obtain a mixture of potassium sulfate and iron oxide red;
C. preparation of Binders
The weight ratio of the distilled water to the concentrated phosphoric acid is 40: 14, slowly adding 90% concentrated phosphoric acid by weight into distilled water, uniformly stirring, and reducing the temperature to 30 ℃ to obtain the binder;
D. granulating
And C, adding the mixture of the potassium sulfate and the iron oxide red obtained in the step B into a disc granulator, adding the binder obtained in the step C into the disc granulator to prepare a spherical shape under the condition that the disc granulator rotates, drying at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 90min, cooling and screening to obtain potassium sulfate fertilizer particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm.
The potassium sulfate particles obtained in this example have the following technical characteristics, as measured by the method described in the specification of the present application:
the content of potassium oxide is 50.1%;
the particle size of the particles is 2-4 mm;
particle Strength 27.1N
Example 2: production of potassium sulfate fertilizer granules
The implementation steps of this example are as follows:
A. pulverizing potassium sulfate and iron oxide red
Adding potassium sulfate into a belt dryer sold under the trade name of belt dryer by Jiucai drying equipment Limited of Changchuan city, drying at 102 deg.C for 100min, and determining according to the standard analysis method of potassium sulfate GB/T20406-;
iron oxide red sold under the name iron oxide red pigment by the Shuangqing pigment Co., Ltd, New county, and an air dryer sold under the name rotary drum dryer by the Doudengli drying equipment Co., Ltd, were dried at a temperature of 105 ℃ for 120min, and had a water content of 9.2% by weight, as determined by the iron oxide red pigment GB/T1863-;
then, they were cooled to room temperature, pulverized using a ball mill sold under the trade name full-automatic planetary ball mill by Hongdong instruments and plants, Qidong, and then sieved using a sieving apparatus to collect potassium sulfate powder and red iron oxide powder having a particle size of 80 mesh, respectively;
B. mixing potassium sulfate with iron oxide red
And B, mixing the potassium sulfate powder obtained in the step A and the iron oxide red powder according to a weight ratio of 95: 4, adding the mixture into a mixer, and stirring and mixing for 10min to obtain a mixture of potassium sulfate and iron oxide red;
C. preparation of Binders
The weight ratio of distilled water to concentrated phosphoric acid is 65: 38, slowly adding concentrated phosphoric acid with the concentration of 86 percent by weight into distilled water, uniformly stirring, and reducing the temperature to 30 ℃ to obtain the binder;
D. granulating
And C, adding the mixture of the potassium sulfate and the iron oxide red obtained in the step B into a disc granulator, adding the binder obtained in the step C into the disc granulator to prepare a spherical shape under the condition that the disc granulator rotates, drying at the temperature of 102 ℃ for 120min, cooling and screening to obtain potassium sulfate fertilizer particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm.
The potassium sulfate particles obtained in this example have the following technical characteristics, as measured by the method described in the specification of the present application:
the content of potassium oxide is 50.4%;
the particle size of the particles is 2-4 mm;
particle Strength 29.4N
Example 3: production of potassium sulfate fertilizer granules
The implementation steps of this example are as follows:
A. pulverizing potassium sulfate and iron oxide red
Adding potassium sulfate into an airflow dryer sold under the trade name of a rotary drum dryer by Kyobo multiple drying equipment Co., Ltd, drying at 105 ℃ for 80min, and determining according to the standard analysis method of potassium sulfate GB/T20406-;
iron oxide red sold under the trade name iron oxide red pigment by Shuangqing pigment Co., Ltd, New county, is added into a box type dryer sold under the trade name electric heating blowing drying box by Shanghai laboratory instruments Co., Ltd, and dried at 100 ℃ for 80min, and the water content of the iron oxide red pigment reaches 10.0% by weight according to the standard analysis method of the iron oxide red pigment GB/T1863-;
then, the temperature of the raw materials is reduced to room temperature, the raw materials are crushed by a universal crusher sold by Shanghai Philibo food and instruments Co., Ltd under the trade name of a universal high-speed crusher, and then sieved by a sieving device, and potassium sulfate powder and iron oxide red powder with the particle size of 150 meshes are respectively collected;
B. mixing potassium sulfate with iron oxide red
B, mixing the potassium sulfate powder obtained in the step A and the iron oxide red powder according to the weight ratio of 100: 7, adding the mixture into a mixer, and stirring and mixing for 15min to obtain a mixture of potassium sulfate and iron oxide red;
C. preparation of Binders
The weight ratio of the distilled water to the concentrated phosphoric acid is 90: 60, slowly adding the concentrated phosphoric acid with the concentration of 88 percent by weight into distilled water, uniformly stirring, and reducing the temperature to 30 ℃ to obtain the binder;
D. granulating
And C, adding the mixture of the potassium sulfate and the iron oxide red obtained in the step B into a disc granulator, adding the binder obtained in the step C into the disc granulator to prepare a spherical shape under the condition that the disc granulator rotates, drying at the temperature of 105 ℃ for 105min, cooling and screening to obtain potassium sulfate fertilizer particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm.
The potassium sulfate particles obtained in this example have the following technical characteristics, as measured by the method described in the specification of the present application:
the content of potassium oxide is 50.2%;
the particle size of the particles is 2-4 mm;
the particle strength was 28.2N.
Claims (8)
1. A method for producing potassium sulfate fertilizer granules is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. pulverizing potassium sulfate and iron oxide red
Respectively adding potassium sulfate or iron oxide red into an electrothermal dryer, and drying at 100-105 ℃ for 80-120 min until the water content is below 10% by weight; drying the iron oxide red to a water content of less than 10% by weight; then reducing the temperature of the mixture to room temperature, crushing the mixture by using a crusher, screening the crushed mixture by using screening equipment, and collecting potassium sulfate powder and ferric oxide red powder with the granularity of 80-150 meshes;
B. mixing potassium sulfate with iron oxide red
According to the mixing weight ratio of potassium sulfate powder to iron oxide red powder of 90-100: 4-10, adding the potassium sulfate powder and the iron oxide red powder obtained in the step A into a mixer, and stirring and mixing for 5-15 min to obtain a mixture of potassium sulfate and iron oxide red;
C. preparation of Binders
Slowly adding concentrated phosphoric acid into distilled water, uniformly stirring, and reducing the temperature to 30 ℃ to obtain the binder;
D. granulating
And C, adding the mixture of the potassium sulfate and the iron oxide red obtained in the step B into a disc granulator, adding the binder obtained in the step C into the disc granulator to prepare a spherical shape under the condition that the disc granulator rotates, and drying, cooling and screening to obtain potassium sulfate fertilizer particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step A, the electrothermal dryer is selected from a box dryer, a belt dryer, a self-box dryer, a pneumatic dryer, and a conductive dryer.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step A, the pulverizer is selected from the group consisting of a high-speed pulverizer, a ball mill, and a universal pulverizer.
4. The production method according to claim 1, wherein in the step A, the potassium sulfate is pulverized for 5-10 min by using a high-speed pulverizer under the condition of drying until the water content is below 10%.
5. The production method according to claim 1, wherein in the step A, the iron oxide red is pulverized for 5 to 10min by using a high-speed pulverizer under the condition of drying to a water content of 10% or less.
6. The production method according to claim 1, wherein in the step C, the mixing weight ratio of the distilled water to the concentrated phosphoric acid is 40 to 90: 14 to 60.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step D, the amount of the binder is 5-15% by weight of the total weight of the mixture of potassium sulfate and iron oxide red.
8. The process according to claim 1, wherein in step D, the spherical material is dried in a disk granulator at a temperature of 100 to 105 ℃ for 90 to 120 min.
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| CN1245156A (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2000-02-23 | 杨传立 | Potassium sulfate fertilizer containing more trace elements |
| CN1271013C (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2006-08-23 | 栖霞市宏翔微生物肥料有限公司 | Potassium sulfate composite fertilizer and its production process |
| CN100506757C (en) * | 2006-09-05 | 2009-07-01 | 河南农业大学 | Slowly/control released fertilizer special for field and its production process |
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| CN102515822A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-06-27 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing ceramsite by using Xianfeng diatomite |
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