CN109950510A - A kind of cathode pole piece and the lithium ion battery containing the pole piece - Google Patents
A kind of cathode pole piece and the lithium ion battery containing the pole piece Download PDFInfo
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- CN109950510A CN109950510A CN201910286726.9A CN201910286726A CN109950510A CN 109950510 A CN109950510 A CN 109950510A CN 201910286726 A CN201910286726 A CN 201910286726A CN 109950510 A CN109950510 A CN 109950510A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
A kind of cathode pole piece, including negative current collector and negative electrode slurry, the negative electrode slurry are coated on negative current collector, and the negative electrode slurry includes negative electrode active material, negative electrode binder and cathode conductive agent, negative electrode active material Liy‑SiOxWith the mixture of graphite;The Li-SiOxAccount for the 1%-55% of negative electrode active material.Institute.The invention belongs to technical field of lithium ion, negative electrode active material uses Li-SiOxIt can effectively solve to join at high proportion that mixed cathode head effect is relatively low, and loop attenuation is fast, and circulation expands big problem with the mixing material of graphite, to be obviously improved the energy density and cycle life of battery, be suitble to large-scale commercial production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of lithium ion, and in particular to a kind of cathode pole piece and the lithium ion containing the pole piece
Battery.
Background technique
Traditional cobalt acid lithium (LCO), nickel cobalt manganese (NCM), nickel cobalt aluminium (NCA), LiFePO4 (LFP) positive electrode are arranged in pairs or groups stone
Black negative electrode material is far from satisfying this growing energy density demand, therefore new high-energy density positive and negative anodes system development
It is very necessary.
Si base negative electrode material has height ratio capacity, low cost, the excellent properties such as easy processing;It is negative that Si composite material joins mixed graphite
Pole is widely used to high-energy density cylinder, steel shell class power battery field, but due to volume expansion in Si cyclic process
Greatly, it limits it and joins the application mixed in soft-package battery in high proportion, research center of gravity is transferred to Si base by more and more producers
Negative electrode material.
Si, Si-C have specific capacity high (~ 3400mAh/g), have extended cycle life, for the first time the high advantage of coulombic efficiency, still
Since volume expansion is big in its cyclic process, particle is easy to fall off, and effective active matter is caused to be detached from conductive network, and Particle Breakage is led
The problems such as cause SEI film generates destruction repeatedly, accelerates electrolyte consumption, and internal resistance is promoted, so that Si, Si-C class negative electrode material are in Soft Roll
It is difficult in the practical application of battery.Opposite, aoxidize sub- silicon (SiOx) although gram volume is lower (~ 1800mAh/g), by
In the advantages such as material circulation longer life expectancy, volume expansion be small, more meet the requirement to negative electrode material of soft-package battery and increasingly
By soft-package battery, manufacturer favors, but SiOxStill there are some problems: SiO in the large-scale commercial application of materialxMaterial is for the first time
A large amount of activity Li are consumed in charge and discharge process, are caused high irreversible capacity, are caused to recycle a coulomb low efficiency (< 75%), nothing for the first time
Method effectively promotes full battery energy density, although by SiOxBeing modified (carbon coating adjusts Si:O ratio) can certain journey
The raising of degree coulombic efficiency for the first time, but it is horizontal (< < 85%) to be still unable to reach graphite cathode, full battery energy in actual use
Density promotion is still limited, also therefore becomes yoke SiOxUsing lithium electricity industry improves a big obstacle of energy density process.
In numerous high-energy density positive electrodes, although reversible gram volume is not highest to lithium cobaltate cathode, but by
Big in its compacted density, the advantages that cyclical voltage is high, becomes the best anode selection of consumer electronics.It is taken using lithium cobaltate cathode
With SiOxThe battery for mixing cathode composition, during first charge-discharge, due to the high first charge-discharge efficiency of cobalt acid lithium material,
Only a small amount of active lithium cannot return embedding, and a large amount of active lithium is consumed in cathode, has no idea to participate in following cycle process, so that
Arrange in pairs or groups SiOxMix cobalt acid lithium material of the practical reversible capacity compared to traditional pure graphite of arranging in pairs or groups of the cobalt acid lithium material of cathode
It is greatly lowered.To solve this problem, carrying out benefit lithium to battery becomes the direction that numerous manufacturers fall over each other exploitation.
Simultaneously as SiOxFor negative electrode material during embedding lithium, volume change is big, and pole piece is thick during first charge-discharge
Degree variation is big, and the conductive network and adhesive strength of negative electrode active material are substantially reduced.
Summary of the invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a kind of cathode pole pieces, use Li-SiOxMixture with graphite is as negative
Pole active material effectively supplements lithium ion in cathode, and cathode disappears to positive-active lithium during significantly reducing first charge-discharge
Consumption, and then the first charge-discharge coulombic efficiency of full battery is improved, while SiO can be improvedxIt is big that cathode recycles initial capacity decaying
The problem of, improve cycle performance, to greatly improve full battery energy density and extend battery;
A second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of lithium ion batteries containing the cathode pole piece.
The purpose of invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of cathode pole piece, including negative current collector and negative electrode slurry, the negative electrode slurry are coated on the negative current collector,
The negative electrode slurry includes negative electrode active material, negative electrode binder, cathode dispersing agent and cathode conductive agent, the negative electrode active material
Material is Li-SiOxWith the mixture of graphite.
Further, the Li-SiOxAccount for the 1%-55% of negative electrode active material.
Further, the Li-SiOxFor Li4SiO4、Li6Si3O7、Li2Si2O5And Li2SiO3One or more of
The compound of combination and SiO.
Further, the negative electrode active material, negative electrode binder, cathode conductive agent and cathode dispersing agent account for negative electrode slurry
90-98%, 0.1-10%, 0.1-2.0%, 0.1-10% of solid content.
Further, the cathode conductive agent is selected from conductive carbon black, carbon fiber, active carbon, acetylene black, graphene, super
P, the combination of one or more of carbon nanotube.
Further, the cathode bonding agent is selected from butadiene-styrene rubber, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyurethane, gathers
The combination of one or more of acrylic acid, Sodium Polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, alginic acid, sodium alginate.
Further, the cathode dispersing agent is the combination of one or more of CMC-Na, CMC-Li, PVP.
Further, the negative current collector is copper foil or porous copper foil.
A kind of lithium ion battery containing above-mentioned cathode pole piece, including anode pole piece, diaphragm, electrolyte, aluminum plastic film and institute
State cathode pole piece.
The present invention compared with the existing technology the utility model has the advantages that
The negative electrode active material of lithium ion battery negative electrode documented by the present invention, cathode pole piece uses Li-SiOxAnd graphite
Mixing material, wherein Li-SiOxMaterial is compared to SiOxMaterial has head effect high, and compacted density is high, and circulation expands small etc. excellent
Gesture can reduce the volume change in lithium intercalation to a certain extent, guarantee the globality of granule integrity and pole piece, into
And the cycle performance of cathode pole piece is improved, it can effectively solve to join at high proportion that mixed cathode head effect is relatively low, and loop attenuation is fast, recycle swollen
The problems such as swelling is suitble to large-scale commercial production to be obviously improved the energy density and cycle life of battery.
Lithium ion battery energy density documented by the present invention is obviously improved, and the problem of recycling initial stage rapid decay obtains
To being effectively improved, longer life expectancy.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, further description of the technical solution of the present invention, and however, it is not limited to this,
It is all that modifying or equivalently replacing the technical solution of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention,
It should all cover within the protection scope of the present invention.
The assembling of the preparation method for the cathode pole piece being related in following embodiment, the preparation method of anode pole piece and battery
It is conventional technology.
Specific embodiment one
A kind of cathode pole piece, including negative current collector and negative electrode slurry, the negative electrode slurry are coated on the negative current collector,
The negative electrode slurry includes negative electrode active material, negative electrode binder, cathode dispersing agent and cathode conductive agent, the negative electrode active material
Material is Li-SiOxWith the mixture of graphite.
Further, the graphite is artificial graphite or natural graphite.
Further, the Li-SiOxAccount for the 1%-55% of negative electrode active material, it is preferred that the Li-SiOxIt is living to account for cathode
The 1%-40% of property material.
Further, the Li-SiOxFor Li4SiO4、Li6Si3O7、Li2Si2O5And Li2SiO3One or more of
The compound of combination and SiO.
Further, the negative electrode active material, negative electrode binder, cathode conductive agent and dispersing agent account for negative electrode slurry and contain admittedly
90-98%, 0.1-10%, 0.1-2.0%, 0.1-10% of amount.
Further, the cathode conductive agent is selected from conductive carbon black, carbon fiber, active carbon, acetylene black, graphene, super
P, the combination of one or more of carbon nanotube, the carbon nanotube include single-walled carbon nanotube and multi-walled carbon nanotube.
Further, the cathode bonding agent is selected from butadiene-styrene rubber, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyurethane, gathers
The combination of one or more of acrylic acid, Sodium Polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, alginic acid, sodium alginate.
Further, the dispersing agent is the combination of one or more of CMC-Na, CMC-Li and PVP.
Further, the negative current collector is copper foil or porous copper foil.
A kind of preparation method of cathode pole piece, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: it measures according to the ratio and the negative electrode active material, negative electrode binder and cathode conductive agent is added 20 ~ 45 in dispersing agent
DEG C stirring 6 ~ 18h, be made solid content be 35-50% negative electrode slurry;
Step 2: the negative electrode slurry is coated in negative current collector surface, is dried and obtains cathode pole piece with roll pressing.
Further, negative electrode slurry described in step 2 be applied on negative current collector with a thickness of 20-100um.
A kind of lithium ion battery containing the cathode pole piece, including anode pole piece, diaphragm, electrolyte, aluminum plastic film and institute
State cathode pole piece.
Further, contain positive electrode active materials in the anode pole piece, the positive electrode active materials be selected from LiFePO4,
Lithium manganese phosphate, phosphoric acid vanadium lithium, ferric metasilicate lithium, cobalt acid lithium, nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material, nickel manganese/cobalt manganese/two raw material of nickel cobalt, manganese
The combination of one or more of sour lithium, lithium-rich manganese base material.
Further, the diaphragm is polyethylene polymer, polyacrylic polymer or non-woven fabrics.
Further, the electrolyte is nonaqueous electrolytic solution, and the nonaqueous electrolytic solution includes carbonate solvent and lithium salts, institute
It states carbonate solvent and is selected from ethylene carbonate (EC), propene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), fluorinated ethylene carbonate
(FEC), the combination of one or more of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), the lithium salts are selected from LiPF6、
LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiClO4、LiCF3SO3、LiAlO4、LiAlCl4, Li(CF3SO2One of) 2N, LiBOB and LiDFOB
Or several combination.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cathode pole piece, including negative current collector and negative electrode slurry, the negative electrode slurry are coated on the negative current collector,
The negative electrode slurry includes that (first charge-discharge efficiency 92%, reversible gram volume is 500mAh/g) to negative electrode active material, cathode is viscous
Agent, cathode conductive agent and cathode dispersing agent are tied, the negative electrode active material is Li-SiOxWith the mixture of graphite, the Li-
SiOxMass ratio with graphite is 15:85, the Li-SiOxFor SiO1.1And Li2Si2O5Nanocomposite, the nanoscale
Compound is commercially available gained.The dispersing agent is sodium cellulose glycolate (CMC-Na), and the cathode bonding agent is butylbenzene
Rubber (SBR), water are solvent, and the conductive agent is super P(SP) and single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNTs), the negative electrode active
Material: the mass ratio of CMC-Na:SBR:SP:SWCNTs is 96:1.5:1.5:0.9:0.1, and the negative current collector is copper foil
Or porous copper foil.
A kind of preparation method of cathode pole piece, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the negative electrode active material of proportional quantity, negative electrode binder, cathode dispersing agent, cathode conductive agent are added to the water and stirred
Mix the negative electrode slurry that uniformly obtained solid content is 35-50%;
Step 2: it is 20-100um that the negative electrode slurry, which is coated in negative current collector surface thickness, is dried and roll pressing
Obtain cathode pole piece.
Further, in step 1, whipping temp is 20 DEG C, mixing time 18h.
A kind of lithium ion battery containing the cathode pole piece, including anode pole piece, diaphragm, electrolyte, aluminum plastic film and institute
Cathode pole piece is stated, the preparation method of cathode pole piece is conventional technology in the art.
Further, positive electrode active materials are contained on the anode pole piece, the positive electrode active materials 4.45V cobalt acid lithium is just
Pole (LiCoO2), first charge-discharge efficiency 95%, Kynoar (PVDF) is bonding agent, N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP)
It is combined conductive agent, the positive electrode active materials: PVDF:SP:CNTs for solvent, SP(super P) and carbon nanotube (CNT)
Mass ratio be 96:2:1.5:0.5, be prepared into anode pole piece by stirring, coating, roll-in, cutting, film-making, anode pole piece
Preparation method is conventional technology in the art.
The diaphragm is polyethylene diagrams, and the electrolyte is nonaqueous electrolytic solution, and the nonaqueous electrolytic solution includes carbonic ester
Solvent and lithium salts, the carbonate solvent are selected from ethylene carbonate (EC), and the lithium salts is LiPF6。
Cathode pole piece size is greater than anode pole piece, and the reversible capacity of unit area is than just high by 6%.
Positive electrode and negative electrode are subjected to lamination assembling, soldering polar ear packs aluminum plastic film, top side seal, vacuum bakeout moisture, moisture
Fluid injection is carried out after up to standard, is stood, and is melted into, carries out vacuumizing two envelopes after chemical conversion, sorted.Under the conditions of 25 DEG C of 0.5C charge and discharge,
Battery sorting energy density can achieve 820Wh/L, capacity retention ratio 83.3% after 0.5C is recycled 500 times.The assembling of battery is this
Field conventional technology.
Comparative example 1
A kind of cathode pole piece, including negative current collector and negative electrode slurry, the negative electrode slurry are coated on the negative current collector,
The negative electrode slurry includes that (first charge-discharge efficiency 82%, reversible gram volume is 500mAh/g) to negative electrode active material, cathode is viscous
Agent, cathode conductive agent and cathode dispersing agent are tied, the negative electrode active material is SiO1.1With the mixture of graphite, the SiO1.1With
The mass ratio of graphite is 12:88.The dispersing agent is CMC-Na, and the cathode bonding agent is SBR, and water is solvent, SP and
SWCNTs is combined conductive agent, the negative electrode active material: the mass ratio of CMC-Na:SBR:SP:SWCNTs is 96:1.5:
1.5:0.9:0.1 the negative current collector is copper foil or porous copper foil.
A kind of preparation method of cathode pole piece, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the negative electrode active material of proportional quantity, negative electrode binder, cathode dispersing agent and cathode conductive agent are added to the water and stirred
Mix the negative electrode slurry that uniformly obtained solid content is 35-50%;
Step 2: it is 20-100um that the negative electrode slurry, which is coated in negative current collector surface thickness, is dried and roll pressing
Obtain cathode pole piece.
Further, positive electrode active materials, the positive electrode active materials 4.45V cobalt acid lithium are contained on the anode pole piece
Anode (LiCoO2), first charge-discharge efficiency 95%.PVDF is bonding agent, and NMP is solvent, and SP and CNT are combined conductive agent,
The positive electrode active materials: the mass ratio of PVDF:SP:CNT is 96:2:1.5:0.5, by stirring, coating, roll-in, cutting, system
Piece is prepared into anode pole piece.
The diaphragm is polyethylene diagrams, and the electrolyte is nonaqueous electrolytic solution, and the nonaqueous electrolytic solution includes carbonic ester
Solvent and lithium salts, the carbonate solvent are selected from ethylene carbonate (EC), and the lithium salts is LiPF6。
Cathode pole piece size is greater than anode pole piece, and the reversible capacity of unit area is than just high by 6%.
Positive electrode and negative electrode are subjected to lamination assembling, soldering polar ear packs aluminum plastic film, top side seal, vacuum bakeout moisture, moisture
Fluid injection is carried out after up to standard, is stood, and is melted into, carries out vacuumizing two envelopes after chemical conversion, sorted.Under the conditions of 25 DEG C of 0.5C charge and discharge,
Capacity retention ratio 76.3% after battery sorting energy density only has 750Wh/L, 0.5C to recycle 50 times.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cathode pole piece, including negative current collector and negative electrode slurry, the negative electrode slurry are coated on the negative current collector,
The negative electrode slurry includes that (first charge-discharge efficiency 88%, reversible gram volume is 700mAh/g) to negative electrode active material, cathode is viscous
Agent, cathode conductive agent and cathode dispersing agent are tied, the negative electrode active material is Li-SiOxWith the mixture of graphite, the Li-
SiOxMass ratio with graphite is 3:7, the Li-SiOxFor SiO1.1、Li2SiO3And Li2Si2O5Nanocomposite, it is described
Nanocomposite is commercially available acquisition.The dispersing agent is CMC-Li, and the cathode bonding agent is SBR, and water is solvent, institute
Stating cathode conductive agent is SP and SWCNTs, and the negative electrode active material: the mass ratio of CMC:SBR:SP:SWCNTs is 95:
1.5:2:1.3:0.2 the negative current collector is copper foil or porous copper foil.
A kind of preparation method of cathode pole piece, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the negative electrode active material of proportional quantity, negative electrode binder, cathode dispersing agent and cathode conductive agent are added to the water and stirred
Mix the negative electrode slurry that uniformly obtained solid content is 35-50%;
Step 2: it is 20-100um that the negative electrode slurry, which is coated in negative current collector surface thickness, is dried and roll pressing
Obtain cathode pole piece.
Further, in step 1, whipping temp is 20 DEG C, mixing time 18h.
A kind of lithium ion battery containing the cathode pole piece, including anode pole piece, diaphragm, electrolyte, aluminum plastic film and institute
State cathode pole piece.
Further, positive electrode active materials, the positive electrode active materials ternary material are contained on the anode pole piece
LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, first charge-discharge efficiency 89%.PVDF is bonding agent, and NMP is solvent, and SP and CNT are composite conducting
Agent, the positive electrode active materials: the mass ratio of PVDF:SP:CNT is 96:2:1.5:0.5, by stirring, coating, roll-in, is divided
It cuts, film-making is prepared into anode pole piece.
Cathode pole piece size is greater than anode pole piece, and the reversible capacity of unit area is than just high by 13%.
Positive electrode and negative electrode are subjected to lamination assembling, soldering polar ear packs aluminum plastic film, top side seal, vacuum bakeout moisture, moisture
Fluid injection is carried out after up to standard, is stood, and is melted into, carries out vacuumizing two envelopes after chemical conversion, sorted.Under the conditions of 25 DEG C of 0.5C charge and discharge,
Battery sorting energy density can achieve 320Wh/kg, capacity retention ratio 82.6% after 0.5C is recycled 300 times.
Comparative example 2
A kind of cathode pole piece, including negative current collector and negative electrode slurry, the negative electrode slurry are coated on the negative current collector,
The negative electrode slurry includes that (first charge-discharge efficiency 75%, reversible gram volume is 700mAh/g) to negative electrode active material, cathode is viscous
Agent, cathode conductive agent and cathode dispersing agent are tied, the negative electrode active material is SiO1.1With the mixture of graphite, the SiO1.1With
The mass ratio of graphite is 3:7, the SiO1.1For silicon and SiO2Nanocomposite.The cathode dispersing agent is CMC-Li, institute
State cathode bonding agent be SBR, water is solvent, the cathode conductive agent be SP and SWCNTs, the negative electrode active material: CMC:
SBR:SP:SWCNTs=95:1.5:2:1.3:0.2, the negative current collector are copper foil or porous copper foil.
A kind of preparation method of cathode pole piece, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the negative electrode active material of proportional quantity, negative electrode binder, cathode dispersing agent and cathode conductive agent are added to the water and stirred
Mix the negative electrode slurry that uniformly obtained solid content is 35-50%;
Step 2: it is 20-100um that the negative electrode slurry, which is coated in negative current collector surface thickness, is dried and roll pressing
Obtain cathode pole piece.
Further, in step 1, whipping temp is 20 DEG C, mixing time 18h.
A kind of lithium ion battery containing the cathode pole piece, including anode pole piece, diaphragm, electrolyte, aluminum plastic film and institute
State cathode pole piece.
Further, positive electrode active materials are contained on the anode pole piece, the positive electrode active materials are ternary material
LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, first charge-discharge efficiency 89%.PVDF is bonding agent, and NMP is solvent, and SP and CNT are composite conducting
Agent, the positive electrode active materials: the mass ratio of PVDF:SP:CNTs is 96:2:1.5:0.5, by stirring, coating, roll-in, is divided
It cuts, film-making is prepared into anode pole piece.
Cathode pole piece size is greater than anode pole piece, and the reversible capacity of unit area is than just high by 13%.
Positive electrode and negative electrode are subjected to lamination assembling, soldering polar ear packs aluminum plastic film, top side seal, vacuum bakeout moisture, moisture
Fluid injection is carried out after up to standard, is stood, and is melted into, carries out vacuumizing two envelopes after chemical conversion, sorted.Under the conditions of 25 DEG C of 0.5C charge and discharge,
Battery sorting energy density is 300Wh/kg, capacity retention ratio only 70.5% after 0.5C is recycled 50 times.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of cathode pole piece, including negative current collector and negative electrode slurry, the negative electrode slurry is coated in the negative current collector
On, the negative electrode slurry includes negative electrode active material, negative electrode binder, cathode dispersing agent and cathode conductive agent, it is characterised in that:
The negative electrode active material is Li-SiOxWith the mixture of graphite.
2. a kind of cathode pole piece according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Li-SiOxAccount for negative electrode active material
1%-55%。
3. a kind of cathode pole piece according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Li-SiOxFor Li4SiO4、Li6Si3O7、
Li2Si2O5And Li2SiO3One or more of combination and the compound of SiO.
4. a kind of cathode pole piece according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the negative electrode active material, negative electrode binder,
Cathode conductive agent and cathode dispersing agent account for 90-98%, 0.1-10%, 0.1-2.0%, 0.1-10% of negative electrode slurry solid content.
5. a kind of cathode pole piece according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cathode conductive agent be selected from conductive carbon black,
The combination of one or more of carbon fiber, active carbon, acetylene black, graphene, super P, carbon nanotube.
6. a kind of cathode pole piece according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cathode bonding agent be selected from butadiene-styrene rubber,
Polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyurethane, polyacrylic acid, Sodium Polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, alginic acid, in sodium alginate
One or more of combinations.
7. a kind of cathode pole piece according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cathode dispersing agent is CMC-Na, CMC-
The combination of one or more of Li, PVP.
8. a kind of cathode pole piece according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the negative current collector is copper foil or Porous Cu
Foil.
9. a kind of lithium ion battery containing cathode pole piece described in claim 1-8 any claim, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating lithium ion battery includes anode pole piece, diaphragm, electrolyte, aluminum plastic film and the cathode pole piece.
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