CN109946477A - A kind of apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed and measurement method based on conductive electrode electrochemical response - Google Patents
A kind of apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed and measurement method based on conductive electrode electrochemical response Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed and measurement method based on conductive electrode electrochemical response, by the way that electrochemical workstation is connect with the apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed, and it is poor to measure current difference and open circuit potential of the working electrode under sound liquid environment, and the flow velocity of liquid can be calculated further according to calibration curve.Not only size is smaller, easy to carry for apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed disclosed by the invention, but also remolding sensitivity has ultrasonic current metre and the flow velocity of optical instrument height of higher sensitivity nearly an order of magnitude on the market at present, can measure the liquid that flow velocity is 2.2mm/s.In addition, the present invention is using the metal mesh being dirt cheap as working electrode, it is not only cheap, applicability is wide, and the application field for expanding electrochemical workstation, the flow velocity monitoring technology of Development of Novel ultra low flow velocity liquid have important scientific meaning, lay a good foundation for its application in fields such as chemical synthesis, biological detection, nano materials.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to flow rate of liquid fields of measurement, are related to a kind of flow rate of liquid measurement based on metal grid mesh open circuit potential
Device and method more particularly to a kind of apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed and measurement method based on conductive electrode electrochemical response.
Background technique
The exploitations of biologies, chemistry and material Disciplinary Frontiers for low flow velocity sensor such as micro flow chip, nano material synthesis
There is specific demand, because too fast flow velocity will affect the status and performance of the analysis precision of chip, nano material.City at present
Have various flow rate detection instruments on face, be broadly divided into two kinds according to its working principle: the flow velocity based on hot type principle passes
Sensor and flow sensor based on non-hot type principle.
Although the flow sensor based on hot type principle has the advantages that technique is easy to control, detection is better simply, exist
The disadvantages of measurement error is big, operating power consumption is big and the response time is long.And the flow sensor based on non-hot type principle is for stream
The device that the relevant mechanical quantity of body speed is detected, and reflected using the manufacturing process of precision machinery to this tittle.
Common non-hot type flow rate of liquid sensor has electromagnetic sensor, ultrasonic sensor, vortex street sensor, turbine
Sensor these four.Wherein the measurement accuracy of electromagnetic sensor is low, unreliable；Although vortex street sensor measurement accuracy is higher,
But it is unable to measure higher speed or the flow rate of liquid more compared with low speed and impurity；Although turbine current meter is with high precision and preferably
Repeatability, and there is wider measurement range, but it is also not sensitive enough for ultra low flow velocity liquid.Therefore low flow velocity liquid
Flow velocity measurement is always a problem, and since flow velocity is low, the signal that sensor generates is weaker, and noise is relatively low, and measuring signal is normal
It is often submerged in noise, it can not accurately be measured.
Mainly use two kinds of non-hot type flow rate of liquid sensors for the flow velocity measurement of low flow velocity liquid at present: ultrasonic wave passes
Sensor and fibre optical sensor.Wherein ultrasonic flow-velocity meter is mainly the speed difference for passing through detection fluid flowing and ultrasonic wave being caused to generate
To measure flow velocity.And flow velocity of optical meter is when being then by being placed on optical fiber in working fluid, the characteristic of the light transmitted in optical fiber
(such as intensity, phase, frequency) can be influenced by flow velocity, detect that the variation of light can be anti-using light detection method appropriate
Release the flow velocity of liquid.And both flow detectors flow rates that can be detected are respectively in 0.01~12m/s on the market
With 0.01~5m/s.New measurement method and measuring instrument are also developed for lower flow velocity.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed based on conductive electrode electrochemical response and measurement
Method.Inventor is by having found electrochemical workstation working electrode to electrode material electrochemistry Quality Research in working fluid
Open circuit potential and electric current have with liquid flow velocity increase and increased rule.The present invention passes through measurement metal gate thus
Net working electrode open circuit potential is poor and develops a kind of new flow rate of liquid sensor.
To achieve the goals above, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed based on conductive electrode electrochemical response, including shell, connection frame, sliding block, cunning
Road, three electrodes and three leads；
The connection frame and three electrode are mounted on the inside of the shell；Three electrode and three lead pair
It answers, and three electrode includes reference electrode, working electrode and to electrode；
The slideway is fixedly arranged on the shell, and one end of the slideway is equipped with card slot；
The sliding block is installed on inside the slideway, and is slidably connected with the slideway；The sliding block and the connection frame
It is fixedly connected.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
The remolding sensitivity of apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed disclosed by the invention is portable with higher sensitivity on the market at present
Formula ultrasonic current metre and flow velocity of optical instrument are nearly 5 times high, can measure flow velocity down to 2.2mm/s liquid.
In addition, the present invention is using the metal mesh being dirt cheap as working electrode, not only cheap, applicability is wide, and
And the application field for expanding electrochemical workstation, the flow velocity monitoring technology of Development of Novel ultra low flow velocity liquid are with important
Scientific meaning is laid a good foundation for its application in fields such as chemical synthesis, biological detection, nano materials.
Preferably, the apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed further includes support column and cover board；The cover board is installed on the shell
One end, and the cover board seals the shell；Described support column one end is connect with the cover board, the other end and the connection
Part connection.
It should be noted that measuring device is inserted into which in the liquid of velocity measurement, liquid passes through cover board and shell by the present invention
Between gap, the open circuit in the cavity formed into shell and cover board, and when being retracted by electrochemical workstation measuring electrode
Potential and electric current, with as static open circuit potential and electric current, and the purpose of design of cover board is to avoid liquid flowing to static state
The influence of open circuit potential and electric current, to reduce detection accuracy.
Preferably, the connection frame is the organic material equipped with three pore structures, and three hole be respectively used to insert it is described
Reference electrode, the working electrode and described to electrode.
Preferably, the card slot is adapted with the sliding block, and the sliding block is limited by the card slot in the slideway
Interior sliding.
Preferably, the working electrode select copper mesh, nichrome silk screen, stainless (steel) wire, FTO glass or any one lead
Electric electrode material.
It is correspondingly connected with it is worth noting that the present invention discloses three electrodes with electrochemical workstation, specifically: by 150 purposes
The conductive electrodes such as copper mesh, nichrome silk screen, stainless (steel) wire or FTO glass are cut into the rectangle of 1 × 2cm as working electrode,
And after using alcohol, acetone or deionized water clean the surface greasy dirt, it is connected with the green connector lug of electrochemical workstation；Select platinum
Silk electrode is connected with the red connector lug of electrochemical workstation, as to electrode；Select silver/silver chloride electrode and electrochemical operation
The white connector lug stood is connected, as reference electrode.
The present invention also provides a kind of flow rate of liquid measurement methods based on conductive electrode electrochemical response.
To achieve the goals above, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of flow rate of liquid measurement method based on conductive electrode electrochemical response, the measurement method specifically include as
Lower step:
(1) apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed is cleaned with deionized water, while three leads are corresponding with electrochemical workstation
Connection, measuring device is vertically arranged in the liquid for needing velocity measurement, stands 1-10 minutes；
(2) slided into slideway by adjusting slider groove position come so that three electrodes inside the shell in retract shape
State, cover closure, open circuit potential and electric current after stablizing 10~300 seconds, when being retracted using electrochemical workstation measuring electrode
As static open circuit potential and electric current；
(3) least significant end is slided by adjusting slider, so that stablizing 10~300 seconds in the fully extended shell of three electrodes
Afterwards, the open circuit potential and electric current when being stretched out using electrochemical workstation measuring electrode are as dynamic open potential and electric current；
(4) open circuit potential difference and current difference of the working electrode under dynamic and static liquid condition are calculated, it is poor further according to open circuit potential
The flow velocity of liquid can be obtained with the calibration curve of current difference and flow velocity.
Preferably, in the step (1), the depth that apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed is inserted into testing liquid is not less than 3 centimetres.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
Open circuit potential difference of the present invention between working fluid and inactive liquid is taken on the basis of directly proportional to flow rate of liquid
A kind of new flow rate of liquid sensor, open circuit electricity of the discovery using metal grid mesh electrode under liquid flowing and static position are built
Potential difference can measure the minimum flow rate down to 2.2mm/s, can measure most than most sensitive Optical-Fiber Flowing Rate Sensor on the market
Low limit velocity also wants low 5 times or so.
It can be seen via above technical scheme that compared with prior art, it is provided by the invention a kind of based on conductive electrode electricity
The apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed and measurement method of Chemical response, by connecting electrochemical workstation and the apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed
It connects, and it is poor to measure current difference and open circuit potential of the working electrode under sound liquid environment, can calculate further according to calibration curve
The flow velocity of liquid out.Not only size is smaller, easy to carry for the apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed, but also remolding sensitivity has on the market at present
There are ultrasonic current metre and the flow velocity of optical instrument of higher sensitivity nearly 5 times high, the minimum flow rate of 2.2mm/s can be measured
Liquid.And flow rate of liquid measurement method disclosed by the invention has good universality, can use different electrode measurements
The flow velocity of various liquid has wide practical use in the flow velocity monitoring side mask of low flow velocity liquid.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
The embodiment of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also basis
The attached drawing of offer obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 attached drawing is the structural schematic diagram of apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed.
Fig. 2 attached drawing is that NiCr alloy network responds the voltage and current of rotor speed in ionized water.
Fig. 3 attached drawing is open circuit potential response of the Different electrodes material in flow deionized water.
Fig. 4 attached drawing is flow velocity caliberating device.
Fig. 5 attached drawing is the structural schematic diagram of open slot.
Fig. 6 attached drawing is the flow velocity calibration result of metal mesh electrode.
Fig. 7 attached drawing is the open circuit potential-time graph of stainless (steel) wire electrode in deionized water.
Fig. 8 attached drawing is open circuit potential-time graph of the NiCr alloy network electrode in NaCl solution.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
And a kind of based on conductive electrode electrochemistry being rung with higher sensitivity wide the embodiment of the invention discloses applicability
The apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed and measurement method answered, the measuring device can measure the liquid of more low flow velocity (flow velocity≤2.2mm/s)
Body.
For a better understanding of the invention, further specific elaboration is made to the present invention below by following embodiment, but not
It can be regarded as limitation of the invention, it is some nonessential according to made by foregoing invention content for those skilled in the art
It improves and adjusts, be also considered as and be within the scope of the present invention.
Dress is measured in conjunction with the flow rate of liquid that referring to attached drawing 1, the invention discloses a kind of based on conductive electrode electrochemical response
It sets, including shell 1, connection frame 2, sliding block 3, slideway 4, three electrodes and three leads, support column 9, cover board 10；
Connection frame 2 and three electrodes are mounted on the inside of shell 1；Three electrodes are corresponding with three leads, and three electrodes include ginseng
Than electrode 5, working electrode 6 and to electrode 7；
Slideway 4 is fixedly arranged on shell 1, and one end of slideway 4 is equipped with card slot 8；
Sliding block 3 is installed on inside slideway 4, and is slidably connected with slideway 4；Sliding block 3 and connection frame 2 are fixed；
Cover board 10 is fixed by 4 support columns 9 and connection frame 2.
In order to further realize technical effect of the invention, connection frame 2 is the organic material block equipped with three pore structures, and three
Hole is respectively used to insert reference electrode 5, working electrode 6 and to electrode 7.
In order to further realize technical effect of the invention, card slot 8 is adapted with sliding block 3, limits cover board by card slot 8
Close sliding of the situation sliding block 3 in slideway 4.
In order to further realize technical effect of the invention, working electrode 6 selects copper mesh, nichrome silk screen, stainless steel
Net, FTO glass or a kind of any other electrode material.
A further object of the invention is to provide a kind of flow rate of liquid measurement method based on conductive electrode electrochemical response,
The measurement method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed is cleaned with deionized water, while three leads are corresponding with electrochemical workstation
Connection；
(2) the sliding to control the retracted position of three electrodes inside the shell in slideway by adjusting slider, and utilize electricity
Chem workstation detects the current-responsive of working electrode, with measure electric current of the working electrode under sound liquid environment and
Open circuit potential is poor, and the ultra low flow velocity of liquid is just calculated further according to calibration curve.
In the following, technical solution of the present invention will be further detailed in conjunction with specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1: flow velocity response experiment
(1) reagent and laboratory apparatus
Deionized water is made by oneself by laboratory, and resistivity is 12M Ω * cm；NaCl (analysis is pure), which is purchased from western Gansu Province science share, to be had
Limit company；Stirrer, glass capsulation electrolytic cell, iron stand are purchased from chemical apparatuses company, Beijing；Platinum electrode, silver/silver chlorate
Electrode is purchased from Xuzhou Zheng Hao electronics scientific technology co；Stainless steel, copper, nichrome aperture plate mesh number are 150 mesh, are purchased from flower bud bandit's metal
Company.Electrochemical workstation uses the CHI660E type of Shanghai Chen Hua instrument company production；Digital display constant temperature blender with magnetic force is using gold
The 90-2 type of altar city city east Xin Rui instrument company production.
(2) experiment content
Glass capsulation electrolytic cell is cleaned with deionized water and three electrodes are put into electrolytic cell.By the copper mesh of 150 mesh, nickel chromium triangle
Alloy silk screen, stainless (steel) wire, FTO glass are cut into the rectangle of 1 × 2cm as working electrode, use alcohol, acetone and deionization
After water clean the surface greasy dirt, it is connected with the green connector lug of electrochemical workstation.Select platinum electrode and electrochemical workstation
Red connector lug is connected, as to electrode.Selection silver/silver chloride electrode is connected with the white connector lug of electrochemical workstation, makees
For reference electrode.
Different liquids are added, immerse electrode section in liquid, and guarantee that three electrodes do not touch chamber wall and stirring
Son.Electrochemical workstation switch preheating 5min is opened, and opens corresponding software on computer, using the three-electrode system built, is led to
Electrochemical workstation is crossed to detect the electrochemical response of work.When experiment, current-vs-time mode or open circuit potential-are selected
Time mode carries out 30s detection to system electric current under static condition, obtains static I-t V-t curve.Then pass through
Rotation stirrer makes water flow by wire mesh 30s, repeats multiple circulations and obtains I-t V-t curve.
For the qualitative relationships probed between voltage/current and different flow velocitys, respectively under basic, normal, high three revolving speeds
It measures.Measurement takes out wire mesh after terminating, and different samples and different solutions are used with the measurement of the same manner, is obtained
To open-circuit voltage or the flow velocity response curve of electric current.
(3) influence of the rotor speed to electrode open circuit potential and electric current
Fig. 2 is that NiCr alloy network in deionized water responds the voltage and current of magnetic agitation rotor speed.And Fig. 2 (A)
For open circuit potential-time graph；Fig. 2 (B) is electric current-time graph；Fig. 2 (C) is open circuit potential difference-rotation speed relation；Fig. 2
It (D) is current difference-rotation speed relation.
As can be seen from Figure 2 either open circuit potential or NiCr alloy network and to the electric current between electrode all to liquid
Flow velocity has specific response.
Open circuit potential refers to electrode potential when current density is zero, that is, not bringing onto load when working electrode and reference
Potential difference between electrode.Electric current refers to working electrode and to the base current between electrode.In magnetic rotor rotation/stopping
Moment, open circuit potential and electric current also show significantly to change.This variation has good repeatability, and with magnetic in liquid
The start and stop of power stirring rotator correspond.
As can be seen from Figure 2: under the moderate rotation of 330r/min, the voltage that open circuit potential produces 20mV or so becomes
Change (Fig. 2A)；Electric current produces the mean change (Fig. 2 B) of 0.58 μ A simultaneously.The change direction of open circuit potential and electric current just phase
Instead, similar with the charging process of battery.
Under tri- revolving speeds of 162r/min, 330r/min and 495r/min, the average value of open circuit potential difference be respectively 18mV,
20.6mV and 23mV, show it is good linear, as shown in Figure 2 C.And current difference average value be respectively 0.44 μ A, 0.58 μ A and
0.779 μ A, also presents positive correlation, as shown in Figure 2 D.Although representing flow velocity with revolving speed has certain error, this
A little results qualitatively reflect open circuit potential difference and the positive correlation between current difference and flow rate of liquid.From these measurement results
In it can be seen that with flow velocity variation, the variable quantity of open circuit potential difference is larger, and data are also relatively steady in measurement process
It is fixed.But the variation of current difference is smaller, in microampere magnitude.
(4) influence of electrode material open-circuit potential
It is a kind of universal phenomenon that conductive electrode has open circuit potential in working fluid.Due to the current potential of Different electrodes material
Difference, so their open circuit potentials in the same solution of identical flow velocity respond difference.The present invention is directed to copper mesh, FTO glass
Glass, stainless (steel) wire, nichrome net have carried out corresponding research.Fig. 3 is for different conductive electrodes in magnetic rotor every 30 seconds
Open circuit potential response in the case of start and stop, rotor speed 330r/min.And Fig. 3 (A) be NiCr alloy network open circuit potential-when
Half interval contour；Fig. 3 (B) is stainless (steel) wire open circuit potential-time graph；Fig. 3 (C) is FTO glass open circuit potential-time graph；
Fig. 3 (D) is copper mesh open circuit potential-time graph.
As can be seen from Figure 3: with the flowing of liquid, the open circuit potential of all electrode materials increases, but different
The open circuit potential mean change amount of electrode material is different.NiCr alloy network is 20.6mV (Fig. 3 A), stainless (steel) wire is 24.5mV (figure
3B), FTO glass is 2.1mV (Fig. 3 C), copper mesh is 10mV (Fig. 3 D).Magnetic agitation rotor in shutdown process, open circuit potential
Change related with factors such as the surface potentials, surface area, apparent liquid velocity of electrode material.The but physics of open circuit potential variation
Chemical mechanism results in the variation of material surface double electrical layers generation from liquid flowing.According to Stern double ionic-layer theory,
The electric double layer of metal surface includes close layer and diffusion layer, and capacitor is respectively CH and CD.The total capacitance of electric double layer be equal to this two
Capacitor after a capacitor series connection
With the increase of flow rate of liquid, the ion in diffusion layer is pulled away, and CD decline, total capacitance C also declines.And it is relatively low
Flow velocity under, the interaction force between ion and metal surface in close layer is stronger, not by liquid flowing influenced.So
Charge density in close layer is constant.Due to the capacitor of electric double layer
C=δ/V (2)
Wherein δ is metal side charge density, and V is Zeta potential.With the decline of capacitor, on the electrode potential of material surface
It rises.
Embodiment 2: the calibration of alloy network flow sensor
Flow velocity caliberating device disclosed by the invention includes water circulating pump 1, open slot 2 and electrochemical workstation 3, water circulating pump
1 and open slot 2 liquid communication circuit is linked to be by pipeline, as shown in Figure 4.Between the water outlet and open slot 2 of water circulating pump 1 according to
It is secondary to be equipped with water valve 4 and liquid flow sensor 5；The water inlet of water circulating pump 1 is directly connect with open slot 2.
Electrochemical workstation 3 and three electrodes of apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed (shown in Fig. 1) are correspondingly connected with, for not cocurrent flow
Electric current and the open circuit potential response of working electrode under speed are detected, further according to 5 registration mark of electric current and liquid flow sensor
Surely the current difference and the corresponding ultra low flow velocity of open circuit potential difference of working electrode are removed.
In addition, liquid flow sensor disclosed by the invention selects easy to process, connection and measurement accuracy is up to 0.5%
Middle section opens up up to DN10 type flowmeter.Smaller water velocity in order to obtain, devise the biggish open slot of cross-sectional area with
Liquid flow sensor is connected, and in order to keep calibration result as accurate as possible, it needs for water flow in flow rate detection system to be designed as
Laminar flow.It is connected using the aluminium open slot 2 of internal diameter 100mm with the stainless steel pipes of internal diameter 10mm in caliberating device.Open slot 2 plays
The effect of fluid down device, structure as shown in figure 5, inventor according to the Reynold's equation of fluid in circular aluminum slot
(wherein v is flow rate of liquid, and d is round tube diameter, and ν is the kinematic coefficient of viscosity of liquid), the kinematic coefficient of viscosity of water is at 25 DEG C
0.8937×10-6m2/ s is calculated water flow Reynolds number in the aluminium open slot and is much smaller than Rec=2320, meet the item of laminar flow
Part.
By control feed liquor and liquid valve door, so that the depth of deionized water is stablized in 6.3cm in flow rate detection slot, it can
To calculate the cross-sectional area S=53.83cm for passing through water flow in open slot2.Liquid used is incompressible in the present invention, therefore flows
The registration of quantity sensor is the instantaneous flow of tank liquid.Therefore trough inner water flow velocity degree and flow sensor registration meet relationship
Formula:
Wherein Q is the reading of turbo liquid flowmeter.
Using electrochemical workstation continuous collecting open circuit potential data, the water valve for adjusting water circulating pump water outlet changes in slot
Water velocity, flow sensor read and record after stablizing.Water valve is constantly regulate, changes water yield size, to obtain multiple streams
Speed.Due to the limitation of pump power and flow sensor measurement range, the range of flow that can be shown on turbo liquid flowmeter
In 40-390L/h, in the range it can be observed that there is apparent open circuit potential to change on working electrode.According to experimental record
Resulting instantaneous average flow rate and open circuit potential signal, the scatterplot of open circuit potential difference and flow rate of water flow is made with origin software
Figure, the relationship of matched curve available open circuit potential difference and water velocity.
The present invention selects chemical property more stable and the NiCr alloy network with higher stiffness and stainless (steel) wire carry out
Flow velocity calibration, calibration result are as shown in Figure 6.
Fig. 6 (A) is the open circuit potential calibration result of NiCr alloy network in deionized water；Fig. 6 (B) is that stainless (steel) wire is being gone
Open circuit potential calibration result in ionized water；Fig. 6 (C) is open circuit potential calibration result of the NiCr alloy network in tap water；Fig. 6
It (D) is open circuit potential calibration result of the stainless (steel) wire in tap water；Fig. 6 (E) is NiCr alloy network in 0.1MNaCl solution
Open circuit potential calibration result；Fig. 6 (F) is open circuit potential calibration result of the stainless (steel) wire in 0.1M NaCl solution；Fig. 6 (G)
For the calibration with current signal result for NiCr alloy network in deionized water.
As can be seen from Figure 6: with the increase of effects of ion concentration, the linearity is also being continuously improved, from 90%
Left and right (Fig. 6 A, Fig. 6 B) has been increased to 95% or so (Fig. 6 E, F).Other than open circuit potential difference, NiCr alloy screen electrode electricity
Stream difference calibration also obtains good linearity data (Fig. 6 G), and this also illustrates the linear passes of base current and open circuit potential
System.
Open circuit potential difference variation of two kinds of electrodes in deionized water and tap water less, (is schemed within the scope of 0-14mV
6A-D).But steep increase of open circuit potential difference has arrived 20-60mV range (Fig. 6 E, F) in the NaCl solution of 0.1M, in measurement range
Sensitivity (can be indicated with open circuit potential-current curve slope) improve several times.This is because the increase of ion concentration
The capacitor for reducing diffusion layer, according to formula 2, open circuit potential and its change rate are all correspondingly improved.In deionized water
Be all in NaCl solution 304 stainless (steel) wires sensitivity it is preferable, open circuit potential-flow velocity slope 0.81 and 3.24 distinguish
Greater than open circuit potential-flow velocity slope 0.48 and 2.71 of the NiCr alloy network in two kinds of solution.But NiCr is closed in tap water
The sensitivity of gold net is some higher, and open circuit potential-current curve slope 0.68 is greater than the slope 0.30 (Fig. 6 C) of stainless steel.
Containing certain related with the NiCr stronger ion of alloy interaction force in this phenomenon estimation and tap water.
In both flow rate measuring devices, the open circuit of millivolt level can be measured on NiCr alloy network and stainless (steel) wire electrode
Potential response, more can significantly reflect the variation of flow velocity, and linear with flow velocity size.Due to laboratory water pump and whirlpool
The specification of flowmeters limits, and the present invention has predominantly detected the flow rate of liquid less than or equal to 2cm/s.It is measured most when practical calibration
Small flow velocity is 2.2mm/s.Even when flowmeter can not show flow, metal mesh electrode remains to detect more apparent electricity
Stream, it is seen that the sensitivity of the flow monitor at low flow rates is very high, and the limit velocity that can be measured is very small.It is purchased in experiment
The flowmeter set is that same size turbine flowmeter medium sensitivity is highest in the market.Its aperture is 10 millimeters, measuring limit
It is 40L/h.It is converted according to section area ratio, minimum measurement flow velocity is 14.15cm/s, metal electrode stream of the present invention
The lowest limit velocity ratio turbine flowmeter of measuring device measurement reduces 64 times.It is with higher sensitivity with commercial type
Portable light fiber sensor is compared, and the minimum flow rate limit that metal electrode flow measurement device can measure reduces about 5 times.
Embodiment 3: the measurement of flow rate of liquid
In the solution of all tests, within the scope of the flow rate of liquid of test between flow velocity and metal mesh electrode open circuit potential difference
There are apparent linear relationship, illustrate that there is general applicability using metal mesh electrode measurement flow velocity.The present invention is using shown in Fig. 1
Flow rate measuring device measure the flow velocity of deionized water and sodium chloride solution.Measuring process is as follows:
(1) apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed is cleaned with deionized water, while three leads are corresponding with electrochemical workstation
Connection, measuring device is vertically arranged in the liquid for needing velocity measurement, and device gos deep into liquid level not less than 3 centimetres, stands 1 minute；
(2) by adjusting slider in slideway sliding come so that three electrodes inside the shell be in retracted mode, stablize
After 60 seconds, open circuit potential when being retracted using electrochemical workstation measuring electrode is as static open circuit potential；
(3) by adjusting slider three electrodes are stretched out in shell, after stablizing 60 seconds, is measured using electrochemical workstation
Open circuit potential when electrode stretches out is as dynamic open potential；
(4) flow rate of liquid is adjusted, measures dynamic and static open circuit potential with the variation of flow rate of liquid；
(5) it is poor to calculate open circuit potential of the working electrode under dynamic and static liquid environment, further according to open circuit potential in embodiment 2
The calibration curve of difference and flow velocity can obtain the flow velocity of liquid.
Fig. 7 is the variation of the dynamic and static open circuit potential of stainless steel cloth electrode surface in flow deionized water, and Fig. 8 is
The change curve of the dynamic and static open circuit potential of NiCr alloy silk screen electrode surface in 0.1MNaCl solution.It will dynamic and static open circuit electricity
Potential difference brings the linear fit equation in Fig. 6 (B) and Fig. 6 (E) into, and the real-time flow rate of liquid can be obtained.With turbine flowmeter
Scaling results contrast, and the deviation value of open circuit potential measurement result is within 5%.Further it can be seen that opening in deionized water
Needle pattern waveform (Fig. 7) is presented in road potential-time graph, and square-wave waveform (Fig. 8) is presented in NaCl solution.Illustrate from
The content of sub- water intermediate ion is lower, and the time that the ion that liquid stops after flowing in diffusion layer is restored to equilibrium concentration is longer, opens
The recovery of road potential is slower.And the ion in tap water and solion in diffusion layer can be restored to equilibrium concentration quickly,
The measurement that this allows for open circuit potential difference is more accurate.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The widest scope of cause.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed based on conductive electrode electrochemical response, which is characterized in that including shell, connection
Frame, sliding block, slideway, three electrodes and three leads；
The connection frame and three electrode are mounted on the inside of the shell；Three electrode is corresponding with three lead,
And three electrode includes reference electrode, working electrode and to electrode；
The slideway is located on the shell, and there is limit at the both ends of the slideway, and one end is equipped with card slot；
The sliding block is fixedly connected with the connection frame, and is slidably connected with the slideway.
2. a kind of apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed based on conductive electrode electrochemical response according to claim 1, feature
It is, further includes support column and cover board；The cover board is installed on one end of the shell, and the cover board is close by the shell
Envelope；Described support column one end is connect with the cover board, and the other end is connect with the connector.
3. a kind of apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed based on conductive electrode electrochemical response according to claim 1, feature
It is, the connection frame is the organic material equipped with three pore structures, and three hole is respectively used to insert the reference electrode, institute
State working electrode and described to electrode.
4. a kind of apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed based on conductive electrode electrochemical response according to claim 1, feature
It is, the card slot is adapted with the sliding block, and sliding of the sliding block in the slideway is limited by the card slot.
5. a kind of apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed based on conductive electrode electrochemical response according to claim 1 or 3, special
Sign is that the working electrode selects copper mesh, nichrome silk screen, stainless (steel) wire, FTO glass or any one conductive electrode material
Material.
6. a kind of flow rate of liquid measurement method based on conductive electrode electrochemical response, which is characterized in that the measurement method
Specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed is cleaned with deionized water, while three leads is correspondingly connected with electrochemical workstation,
Measuring device is vertically arranged in the liquid for needing velocity measurement, stands 1-10 minutes；
(2) by sliding of the adjusting slider in slideway so that three electrodes are in retracted mode inside the shell, stablize 10~300 seconds
Zhong Hou, the open circuit potential and electric current when being retracted using electrochemical workstation measuring electrode are as static open circuit potential and electric current；
(3) by adjusting slider three electrodes are stretched out in shell, after stablizing 10~300 seconds, is surveyed using electrochemical workstation
Open circuit potential and electric current when amount electrode stretches out is as dynamic open potential and electric current；
(4) open circuit potential difference and current difference of the working electrode under dynamic and static liquid environment are calculated, further according to open circuit potential difference and electricity
Stream difference can obtain the flow velocity of liquid with the calibration curve of flow velocity.
7. a kind of flow rate of liquid measurement method based on conductive electrode electrochemical response according to claim 6, feature
It is, in the step (1), the depth that apparatus for measuring liquid flow speed is inserted into testing liquid is not less than 3 centimetres.
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