CN109946384A - A kind of signal acquisition optimization method based on RAPID chromatography imaging technique - Google Patents
A kind of signal acquisition optimization method based on RAPID chromatography imaging technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is being a kind of based on Lamb wave progress structural damage detection, signal collection is carried out using new model, and the optimization and processing on algorithm are carried out to signal, it is divided with useful signal section from extraction algorithm, damage field and the method for time frequency analysis combines, emphatically using the mode of segmentation truncation related coefficient algorithm, signal is analyzed and is adjusted, with RAPID imaging algorithm, comprehensive diagnos is carried out to damage location, positioning accuracy is improved, achievees the purpose that carry out damage check with less sensor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates in mechanical damage diagnostic techniques, the technology of positioning is diagnosed more particularly to a kind of damage
Background technique
Currently, mostly using ultrasonic wave for mechanical damage diagnosis and being damaged based on the damage scattered signal propagation time
Positioning.Lamb wave is a kind of supersonic guide-wave, has the characteristics such as long, the multi-modal, frequency dispersion of propagation distance, is propagating to damage Shi Huifa
Significant changes can occur for raw scattering and energy attenuation, signal amplitude, by carrying out energy spectrum analysis, energy to damage front and back waveform
It determines the variable quantity of amplitude, and then judges that structure is with the presence or absence of damage in the path.RAPID algorithm is mainly the letter used
Number feature is SDC (signal difference coefficient, signal difference coefficient), is taken to reference signal and to damage
Comparison of the wounding signal in statistic, and then obtain the position of damaged portion.But it is most of only in existing technology and achievement
Can in the case that the specific time and carry out, have certain limitation, can not accomplish accurately to detect；
There is various deficiencies for above-mentioned algorithm and method: 1) number of sensors is excessive, and cost is excessively high, and difficulty is excessive；
2) accurate data analysis and positioning can not be carried out, multiple damage fields can not be accurately positioned；3) for subsequent structural health detection
Useful effect is not had；
Summary of the invention
Problems solved by the invention is to provide a kind of signal acquisition optimization side based on RAPID chromatography imaging technique
Method collects certain path on the basis of damage field division, time frequency analysis (STFT), useful signal section are from extraction algorithm
Damage before and after signal segment segmentation intercept and compare related coefficient, construct oval probability graph simultaneously followed by RAPID location algorithm
Imaging, and then improve the high efficiency of signal processing and the accuracy of damage reason location, the method reduce the number of sensor and
Damage reason location precision is improved, sensor array arrangement difficulty and cost is enormously simplified, subsequent structural health monitoring is provided
Bigger convenience.
The present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of signal acquisition optimization method based on RAPID chromatography imaging technique the following steps are included:
1) piezoelectric transducer is installed in mechanical structure to be detected, and the quantity of sensor is down to 4, uses piezoelectricity
Sensor carries out equipment detection as the excitation end of signal or the receiving end of signal；
It 2) is to motivate end and carry out swashing for signal with one in piezoelectric transducer under mechanical structured member primary condition
It encourages, remaining piezoelectric transducer is that receiving end receives signal, and the signal that every two piezoelectric transducer is propagated on sensory path is all
It will be collected, and using the collected signal of institute as health signal；
It 3) is respectively that end is motivated to carry out swashing for signal with one in piezoelectric transducer after mechanical structure generates damage
It encourages, remaining piezoelectric transducer is that receiving end receives signal, and the signal that every two piezoelectric transducer is propagated on sensory path is all
It is collected, and using the collected signal of institute as damage signal；
4) characteristic for utilizing Lamb wave, is collected signal and handles: using useful signal section from extraction algorithm, obtaining
The time of receiving sensor a cycle extracts processing to signal is received in conjunction with the distance between sensor, and passes through pair
Health signal and damage signal are compared, and may recognize that the time of occurrence of the mode newly excited by mode conversion, and then sentence
The position damaged in disconnected structure；
5) scattering and energy attenuation, signal amplitude can occur when propagating to damage for Lamb wave signal can occur significantly to become
Change, the first amplitude spectrum is intercepted using adaptive interception algorithm, is carried out using damage the first amplitude and healthy the first amplitude
Comparison can obtain amplitude/energy coefficient ratio of 4 sensor array acquisition data, coefficient ratio threshold values be arranged, as guidance, structure
Build six part-elliptical search coverages；
6) in summary data carry out damage reason location using the method for RAPID tomography, reconstruct the image of damage；
7) according to imaging as a result, setting suitable threshold value, it is ensured that image clearly, accurate positioning；
The advantages of the technology of the present invention is mainly reflected in: the present invention is based on existing damage reason location principles, that is, utilize RAPID algorithm
Damage reason location is carried out, what is played a decisive role to its positioning accuracy is number of sensors, i.e. number of sensors is more, and positioning accuracy is got over
Accurately.It is analyzed using head wave energy according to this imaging algorithm again and is segmented related coefficient intercept method, by sensor array number of columns
Four pieces are further reduced to, sensor array arrangement difficulty and cost are enormously simplified.In signal processing and damage reason location side
Face, point four parts are figured by putting to sensor position, with useful signal section from extraction algorithm, segmentation truncation phase relation
Method, damage field, which divide, and time frequency analysis is comprehensive diagnose to damage location, and then improves positioning accuracy.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the signal schematic representation being collected into；
Fig. 2 is that useful signal extracts schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is waveform and segmentation related coefficient figure from after extracting；
Fig. 4-1 is health and damage waveform progress short time discrete Fourier transform schematic diagram；
Fig. 4-2 is that amplitude/energy coefficient compares schematic diagram；
Fig. 4-3 is detection schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the damage probability distribution map of elliptic region of the invention；
Fig. 6 is that there are damage plans in detection zone；
Fig. 7 is damage diagnosis schematic diagram；
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail below, and the explanation of the invention is not limited.
Signal is received by sensor and is transmitted, signal is carried out in such a way that interception is extracted and be segmented to useful signal section
Processing determines damage location and using area divides and time frequency analysis, precisely effective to realize damage diagnosis, including following step
It is rapid:
1) in mechanical structure to be measured, four piezoelectric transducers are installed in the way of rectangle, and boundary is set；
It 2) is successively that excitation end carries out with one in piezoelectric transducer under the initial not damaged state of mechanical structured member
The excitation of signal, using remaining piezoelectric transducer as receiving end receive signal, every two piezoelectric transducer propagate signal all by
Acquisition, and using the collected signal of institute as reference signal；
It 3) is successively that end is motivated to carry out swashing for signal with one in piezoelectric transducer after mechanical structure generates damage
It encourages, remaining piezoelectric transducer is as receiving end and receives signal, and the signal of the propagation of every two piezoelectric transducer is all collected,
And using the collected signal of institute as damage signal；
4) the distance between adjustment installation piezoelectric transducer, if wave S0The time that arrival receives sensor is T0, wave A0It reaches
The time for receiving sensor is T1, S0From stimulus sensor, the time for reaching receiving sensor through damage or boundary is later than A0
It goes directly square of the time of receiving sensor from stimulus sensor；
5) signal data is intercepted: to motivate the linear distance L at end and receiving end divided by Lamb wave in effective frequency range
Interior maximum propagation speed VmaxObtained time point, as valid data starting point t0, with motivate the straight line at end and receiving end away from
The maximum path length PL in zoning is obtained multiplied by the scale parameter P of RAPID algorithm from L, with the length divided by Lamb wave
Minimum spread speed V in effective frequency rangeminIn addition the half period 1/2T of pumping signal.Obtained time point, as effective
Data terminating point t1；
6) Lamb wave S can be obtained by theory analysis and experiment0、A0Mode velocity of wave can obtain S in conjunction with the distance between sensor0
By motivating end-receiving end direct wave arrival time t1；A0Through time t2, by the wave of Lamb wave, wide, length is denoted as Δ t, to subtract
Few error, multiplied by an optimized coefficients n, and carries out data extraction；
7) health signal and damage signal are compared, segmentation interception is carried out to transducing signal using rectangular window, is obtained
The related coefficient of health and damage signal, measures its linear dependence after segmentation, using related coefficient as judgment basis, identification damage
Hurt time of occurrence, and then determines damage position；The segmented interception of signal segment damage and refers to before and after the collected damage in certain path
DC definition is marked, the otherness of intercepted health damage signal segment is bigger, and correlation is smaller, i.e. DC value is bigger, by DC value
It reasonably selects, can intuitively judge damage position, such as Fig. 3；
8) by A sensor excitation signal, to B, D sensor receives signal and carries out adaptive interception and segmentation related coefficient point
Analysis, is marked the first data point for reaching reservation threshold, since spread speed is definite value to Lamb wave in plate, so preferentially
The sensor (such as B) of arrival indicates that damage is located at region that ABC encloses, similarly, if B sensor excitation signal, A, C sensor connect
The collection of letters number, if C sensor preferentially reaches, can further reduce search coverage is OBC, is assisted with damage field partitioning algorithm
With analysis, then search coverage can be further reduced, as shown in Figure 5；
Specifically, in this experimental program, experimental study object uses 4 pieces of piezoelectric transducers, using peace as shown in Figure 5
Dress mode, the specific steps are as follows:
1) sensor is installed in mechanical structure to be measured, is arranged with rectangle, component devices network；
2) the distance between adjustment installation piezoelectric transducer, if wave S0The time that arrival receives sensor is T0, wave A0It reaches
The time for receiving sensor is T1, S0From stimulus sensor, the time for reaching receiving sensor through damage or boundary is later than A0
It goes directly square of the time of receiving sensor from stimulus sensor；
3) Lamb wave S can be obtained by theory analysis and experiment0、A0Mode velocity of wave can obtain S in conjunction with the distance between sensor0
By motivating end-receiving end direct wave arrival time t1；A0Through time t2；By Lamb wave wave, wide, length is denoted as Δ t, to reduce
Error, multiplied by an optimized coefficients n, formula is
4) processing is extracted to reception signal, extraction process is as follows: by t1It is set as useful signal section starting point, t2+Δt×n
It is set as terminal, then useful signal section is t2+Δt×n-t1, as shown in Figure 1, 2；
5) using the method for segmentation interception related coefficient, segmentation interception is carried out to transducing signal using rectangular window, is divided
The related coefficient of health and damage signal, measures its linear dependence, using related coefficient as judgment basis identification of damage after section
Time of occurrence is compared by health signal and damage signal, may recognize that going out for the mode newly excited by mode conversion
Between current, and then judge the position damaged in structure.
When receiving signal, the calculating of damage criterion should be participated in using shorter signal segment, because apart from stimulus sensor
A part of useful signal may be lacked in the signal that farther away receiving sensor receives, if participating in damaging with longer signal segment
The calculating for hurting index may will increase more unrelated in the signal that the farther away receiving sensor of stimulus sensor receives
Signal, and then interfere the extraction to useful signal；
And further analyze, H is used respectively after the segmented interception of signal segment before and after the collected damage in certain pathiAnd DiIt indicates,
ρ(Hi,Di) indicate signal HiAnd DiRelated coefficient,
To discrete signal,Respectively signal Hi、DiMean value；Hik、DikRespectively Hi、DiK-th of value；N is to cut
Number section of winning the confidence length.Damage criterion DC is defined as
DC(Hi,Di)=1- | ρ (Hi,Di)|
6) in no appearance abnormal poor different time, integrated data is carried out to the related coefficient of every section of front institute's intercept signal
It arranges, standard when as next segment signal data occur, and according to the phase relation of standard and latter section of signal data
Number compares, and comprehensive analysis is carried out further according to related coefficient comparison result value, if the otherness of intercepted health damage signal segment
Bigger, correlation is smaller, i.e. DC value is bigger, by the reasonable selection to DC value, can intuitively judge damage position, such as Fig. 3
It is shown；
7) according to the characteristic of Lamb wave, determine that signal amplitude changes, by carrying out energy spectrum analysis to damage front and back waveform,
It determines the variable quantity of amplitude, and then judges that structure is with the presence or absence of damage in the path, and carry out to health and damage waveform
Short time discrete Fourier transform, acquired results recycle adaptive interception algorithm to intercept the first amplitude spectrum as shown in Fig. 4-1,
And damage the first amplitude and healthy the first amplitude are compared, amplitude/energy system of 4 sensor array acquisition data can be obtained
Coefficient ratio threshold values is arranged as shown in the Fig. 4-2 in number ratio, is higher than preset threshold in damage and healthy waveform head wave energy coefficient ratio
Part, referred to as detectable area are known as non-detectable area lower than the part of threshold values, detect schematic diagram as shown in Fig. 4-3；
8) according to RAPID tomography principle, according to upper face data it is found that comparing damage signal and health signal after,
The related coefficient for determining signal, according to ellipse properties, the characteristics of drawing ellipse, and successively successively decreased from inside to outside according to oval signal
Assignment is carried out, and is painted by assignment size, is handled according to the bigger color of value is deeper.6 can be drawn by 4 sensors
Ellipse is analyzed, it can be found that the region that color is most deep, as damage field, as shown in fig. 6, for elliptical configuration process and
Whether injury region is in search coverage；
9) it may make up damage diagnostic image, and then determine damage location, as shown in Figure 7.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of signal acquisition optimization method based on RAPID chromatography imaging technique, it is characterised in that: this method include with
Lower step:
1) in mechanical structure to be measured according to useful signal section from extraction algorithm, arrange piezoelectric transducer, quantity control is four；
It 2) is the excitation for motivating end and carrying out signal with one in piezoelectric transducer under mechanical structured member primary condition, with
Remaining piezoelectric transducer is that receiving end receives signal, and the signal that every two piezoelectric transducer is propagated is all collected, is collected
Signal be considered as health signal；
3) when carrying out data extraction, processing is extracted to signal is received, using the method for segmentation interception related coefficient, utilizes square
Shape window carries out segmentation interception to transducing signal, and the related coefficient of health and damage signal after being segmented measures its linear correlation
Property；
4) it according to the characteristic of Lamb wave, determines that signal amplitude changes, by carrying out energy spectrum analysis to damage front and back waveform, determines
The variable quantity of amplitude, and then judge the structure in the path with the presence or absence of damage；
5) short time discrete Fourier transform is carried out to health and damage waveform, and as guidance, constructs six part-elliptical detecting areas
Domain intercepts the first amplitude spectrum using adaptive interception algorithm, and carries out to damage the first amplitude and healthy the first amplitude
Comparison can obtain amplitude/energy coefficient ratio of 4 sensor array acquisition data；
6) according to RAPID tomography principle, damage diagnostic image is constituted, and then determines damage location.
2. one kind according to claim 1 is for RAPID chromatography imaging technique signal acquisition optimization method, feature
It is: it is described that piezoelectric transducer is installed from algorithmic approach is extracted with useful signal section in affiliated step 1, and carry out signal collection.
3. one kind according to claim 1 is for RAPID chromatography imaging technique signal acquisition optimization method, feature
It is: in affiliated step 3, when the data are extracted to signal is received, using the method for segmentation interception related coefficient, signal point
At subsection one by one, respectively by the healthier related coefficient with damage signal of every subsection, value analysis is successively carried out, with
The mode of short message number section participates in damage criterion calculating, and then improves the accuracy of positioning.
4. it is according to claim 1 a kind of for RAPID chromatography imaging technique signal acquisition optimization method, it is special
Sign is: when being imaged with RAPID algorithm, elliptic region is constructed using ellipse properties according to signal circulation way, and
Randomization is carried out, is successively successively decreased from inside to outside, and gives assignment variation, the differentiation in color, value are carried out according to the size of assignment
Bigger field color is deeper otherwise color is shallower, bigger for damage location assignment, darker, more clear when being allowed to be imaged
It is clear, convenient for determining damage location.
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| CN114002331A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-01 | 湘潭大学 | Method for detecting damage degree of steel strand |
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