CN109945796A - A kind of contactless measuring system and method for the microstrain of rock sample circumferential direction - Google Patents
A kind of contactless measuring system and method for the microstrain of rock sample circumferential direction Download PDFInfo
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- CN109945796A CN109945796A CN201910295131.XA CN201910295131A CN109945796A CN 109945796 A CN109945796 A CN 109945796A CN 201910295131 A CN201910295131 A CN 201910295131A CN 109945796 A CN109945796 A CN 109945796A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000145637 Lepturus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses the contactless measuring systems and method of a kind of rock sample circumferential direction microstrain, belong to rock field of measuring technique.A kind of contactless measuring system of rock sample circumferential direction microstrain, comprising: pressure testing machine, laser emitter and the receiver board of interval and setting triangular in shape；Pressure testing machine includes the compression column and sample placement platform being oppositely arranged；The receiving plane of receiver board is towards pressure testing machine；Region between the light-emitting window direction compression column and sample placement platform of laser emitter；Receiver board is equipped with the signal processor communicated to connect with receiver board, and signal processor is also communicated to connect with display, and rock sample is clamped by compression column and sample placement platform.The present invention measures the circumferential microstrain of rock sample using non-contact method indirectly, avoids the equipment damage occurred using contact rock deformation measuring device.It is also possible to obtain strain curve of the rock sample in deformation process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rock field of measuring technique, and in particular to a kind of contactless survey of rock sample circumferential direction microstrain
Measure system and method.
Background technique
It is the key that the development of rock mechanics experiment technology and application that not only complete but also reliable deformation data is obtained from test.
The deformation of rock uses extensometer generally to obtain required data in rock mechanics experiment.Extensometer directly contacts rock sample,
This method inevitably generates certain interference to test result, and when sillar deformation is excessive, will cause rock change
The breakage of shape measuring device, the circumferential extensometer of especially common not self-protection function, in the list for encountering brittle rock
It is easily destroyed when axis compression test.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the contactless measuring system and method for a kind of rock sample circumferential direction microstrain, with
Solve the problem of that rock deformation measuring device is easily damaged in existing Rock Mechanics Test.
The technical scheme to solve the above technical problems is that
A kind of contactless measuring system of rock sample circumferential direction microstrain, comprising: the pressure of interval and setting triangular in shape
Force tester, laser emitter and receiver board；Pressure testing machine includes the compression column and sample placement platform being oppositely arranged；It connects
The receiving plane of plate is received towards pressure testing machine；Area between the light-emitting window direction compression column and sample placement platform of laser emitter
Domain；Receiver board is equipped with the signal processor communicated to connect with receiver board, and signal processor is also communicated to connect with display.
The present invention reflects incident laser using the rock sample surface being placed on pressure testing machine, forms reflected light
Line.During the test, rock sample by pressure testing machine extruding and deform, specimen finish variation, rock surface curvature become
Change, laser incident angle can be caused to change, reflected light back direction changes therewith, reflects using different moments
The measurement of the non-contact microstrain of rock (thin tail sheep) during rock mechanics experiment is realized in the variation of optical position.The present invention is using non-
Contact method to measure the circumferential microstrain of rock sample indirectly, avoids occurring using contact rock deformation measuring device
Equipment damage.Further, since in process of rock deformation, the position that receiver board can be irradiated with real-time reception reflection light, from
And it can be concluded that real-time circumferential microstrain of the rock sample in deformation process, and obtain rock sample in deformation process
Strain curve.
Further, the receiving plane of above-mentioned receiver board is equipped with area array CCD, and area array CCD and signal processor communicate to connect.
Area array CCD of the invention can convert optical signals into electric signal and pass to signal processor, so as to will be anti-
The position signal for penetrating light irradiation passes to signal processor, and signal processor obtains the microstrain of rock sample by operation.
Further, above-mentioned pressure testing machine, laser emitter and receiver board rounded projections arranged at an acute angle.
Pressure testing machine, laser emitter and receiver board rounded projections arranged at an acute angle of the invention can make Laser emission
The position that device is contacted with rock sample is receiver board to rock sample apart from nearest position, simplifies calculating process.
A kind of contactless measurement of the rock sample circumferential direction microstrain based on above-mentioned measuring system, including following step
It is rapid:
(1) reflectance coating is applied in the arcuate flanks of cylindrical rock sample；
(2) both ends of rock sample are contacted with compression column and sample placement platform；
(3) receiver board is adjusted, it is parallel with the receiving plane of receiver board to make the extending direction of rock sample, and make rock sample
Axis it is vertical with the extending direction of receiver board；
(4) start and adjust laser emitter, keep the light direction of laser emitter vertical with the axis of rock sample, make
The light of laser transmitter projects is radiated in rock sample arcuate flanks, and light is radiated at the point in arcuate flanks to rock
The vertical line of stone sample axis is vertical with receiver board；
(5) start pressure testing machine, make to compress column compression rock sample；
(6) in signal processor, the position signal on receiver board is located at according to collected reflection light, using circumferential direction
Strain algorithm obtains the hoop strain of rock sample.
Further, the material of above-mentioned reflectance coating is diffusing reflection coating.
Further, hoop strain algorithm described above specifically:
Using the extending direction of receiver board as x-axis, using the axis of rock sample perpendicular to receiver board line as y-axis, establish two
Tie up coordinate system；The crosspoint of reflection light and receiver board is labeled as E；
Coordinate x of the E point in x-axisEAre as follows:
In formula: angle of the α between incident ray and x-axis；β is the middle line MD and y-axis of incident ray and reflection light
Angle；D is the distance between axis and receiver board of rock sample；r0For the initial radium of rock sample；
According to coordinate x of the E point in x-axisEThe angle β may be expressed as:
β=g (α, xE, d, r0) (2)
The hoop strain ε of rock sample is calculated according to the angle βh:
The light that laser emitter of the invention issues reflects on rock sample, is finally irradiated on receiver board,
Incident ray and the light of different-diameter rock sample reflection are respectively positioned on same plane, so as to establish two on that plane
Coordinate system is tieed up, angle, the rock sample between the extending direction of the initial diameter of rock sample, incident ray and receiver board are passed through
The distance between axis and receiver board, the angle of incident ray and reflection light be radiated at the position on receiver board and can obtain
The microstrain of rock sample out.
The present invention obtains sillar test point during loading by optoelectronic device using non-contacting deformation measurement technology
Deformation, and numerical signal is converted by light sensitive component, obtains the deformation of rock loading complete process, overcome existing connect
The problem of rock deformation measuring device is easily damaged in touch measurement method.During the experiment, the initial diameter of rock sample,
The angle of the distance between axis and receiver board of rock sample and incident ray can be to limit in experiment advance pedestrian,
Preset parameter is formed, signal processor is radiated at the real time position on receiver board by preset parameter and reflection light
The microstrain of rock sample is obtained, whole measurement method is easy, feasible.
The invention has the following advantages:
The present invention measures the circumferential microstrain of rock sample using non-contact method indirectly, avoids using contact rock
Stone strain gauge and the equipment damage occurred.Further, since receiver board can be anti-with real-time reception in process of rock deformation
The position of light irradiation is penetrated, so as to obtain real-time circumferential microstrain of the rock sample in deformation process, and obtains rock
Strain curve of the stone sample in deformation process.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the contactless measuring system of rock sample circumferential direction microstrain of the invention；
Fig. 2 is that the light of the contactless measuring system of rock sample circumferential direction microstrain of the invention moves towards schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the contactless measurement of rock sample circumferential direction microstrain of the invention.
In figure: 10- rock sample；20- laser emitter；30- receiver board；31- signal processor；32- area array CCD；40-
Display；51- compresses column；52- sample placement platform.
Specific embodiment
The principle and features of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, and
It is non-to be used to limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment
Please refer to Fig. 1, a kind of contactless measuring system of rock sample circumferential direction microstrain, comprising: pressure testing machine swashs
Optical transmitting set 20, receiver board 30 and display 40.Pressure testing machine, laser emitter 20 and receiver board 30 are spaced apart from each other setting
And rounded projections arranged at an acute angle.Pressure testing machine is equipped with compression column 51 and sample placement platform 52, cylindrical rock sample 10
Both ends respectively with compression column 51 and sample placement platform 52 contact.The light-emitting window of laser emitter 20 is towards compression column 51 and tries
Region between sample placement platform 52.The receiving plane of receiver board 30 is equipped with signal processing towards pressure testing machine, receiver board 30
Device 31, signal processor 31 and display 40 communicate to connect.The light that laser emitter 20 issues is irradiated to rock sample 10
Arcuate flanks are re-reflected on receiver board 30, and receiver board 30 converts optical signals to electric signal and passes to signal processor 31, letter
Number processor 31 passes to display 40 after treatment.In the present embodiment, the main control chip model of signal processor 31
STM32F1。
Referring to figure 2., the axis of rock sample 10 is parallel with the plate face of receiver board 30, and the axis of rock sample 10 with
The extending direction of receiver board 30 is vertical, and the surface of rock sample 10 is equipped with reflectance coating, in the present embodiment, the material of reflectance coating
Matter is diffusing reflection coating.The light-emitting window of laser emitter 20 towards rock sample 10 arc external side, laser emitter 20
Light direction is vertical with the axis direction of rock sample 10, and the position that laser emitter 20 is contacted with rock sample 10 is to connect
Plate 30 is received to rock sample 10 apart from nearest position.30 bottom surface of receiver board be equipped with signal processor 31, signal processor 31 with
Display 40 communicate to connect Ei, the top surface of receiver board 30, the i.e. receiving plane of receiver board 30 be equipped with area array CCD 32, area array CCD 32 with
Signal processor 31 communicates to connect, and area array CCD 32 converts optical signal into electric signal and passes to signal processor 31, realizes reflection
The input of the position signal of light projection.
Reflection light and the deformed reflection light of rock sample 10 before incident ray, the deformation of rock sample 10 are placed in
On the cross section of rock sample 10, coordinate system is established on that plane, and incident ray can be made to be radiated on rock sample 10
Position is located in reference axis, can simplify calculating process.
Referring to figure 3., a kind of contactless measurement of rock sample circumferential direction microstrain, comprising the following steps:
(1) reflectance coating is applied in the arcuate flanks of cylindrical rock sample 10；
(2) both ends of rock sample 10 are contacted with compression column 51 and sample placement platform 52；
(3) receiver board 30 is adjusted, it is parallel with the receiving plane of receiver board 30 to make the extending direction of rock sample 10, and make rock
The axis of stone sample 10 is vertical with the extending direction of receiver board 30；
(4) start and adjust laser emitter 20, make the light direction of laser emitter 20 and the axis of rock sample 10
Vertically, the light for emitting laser emitter 20 is radiated in 10 arcuate flanks of rock sample, and light is radiated at curved side
The vertical line of point to 10 axis of rock sample on face is vertical with receiver board 30；
(5) start pressure testing machine, make to compress the compression rock sample 10 of column 51；
(6) in signal processor 31, the position signal on receiver board 30 is located at according to collected reflection light, is used
Hoop strain algorithm obtains the hoop strain of rock sample.
The hoop strain algorithm specifically:
Two-dimensional coordinate system is established in the plane where incident ray, reflection light, in this coordinate system, with receiver board 30
Extending direction be x-axis, using the axis of rock sample 10 perpendicular to receiver board 30 line as y-axis.
The crosspoint of x-axis and y-axis is zero point, is labeled as O, and zero point is located on the area array CCD 32 of receiver board 30.
The light-emitting window of laser emitter 20 is labeled as A.
Before rock sample 10 deforms, the crosspoint of incident ray and rock sample 10 is labeled as B, reflection light and receiver board
30 crosspoint is labeled as C, and the initial radium of rock sample 10 is r0。
After rock sample 10 deforms, the crosspoint of incident ray and rock sample 10 is labeled as D, reflection light and receiver board
30 crosspoint is labeled as E, and the deformed radius of rock sample 10 is r.
The axis of rock sample 10 is located at the point in coordinate system labeled as M.
Therefore, the algorithm in signal processor 31 includes following formula:
Before rock sample 10 deforms:
Incident ray AB is indicated are as follows:
Y=-tan α x+ (d-r0) (1)
Angle of the α between incident ray and x-axis in formula；D be rock sample 10 axis and receiver board 30 between away from
From.
After rock sample 10 deforms, the middle line MD of incident ray and reflection light is indicated are as follows:
β is the middle line MD of incident ray and reflection light and the angle of y-axis in formula；
D point coordinate can be obtained by formula (1) and formula (2):
The angle theta of incident ray AB and middle line MD are as follows:
The slope of the deformed reflection light DE of rock sample 10 are as follows:
tan(π-α-2θ)
Reflection light DE is indicated are as follows:
Coordinate x of the E point in x-axisEAre as follows:
According to coordinate x of the E point in x-axisEThe angle β may be expressed as:
β=g (α, xE, d, r0) (6)
By formula (5) and formula (6): coordinate x of the E point in x-axisEOnly angle α between incident ray and x-axis,
Before the distance between the middle line MD and angle β of y-axis, the axis of rock sample 10 and receiver board 30 d and rock sample 10 deform
Radius r0Related, i.e. the angle β of middle line MD and y-axis can pass through coordinate x of the E point in x-axisE, between incident ray and x-axis
Angle α, rock sample 10 axis and the distance between receiver board 30 d and rock sample 10 deform before radius r0It calculates
It obtains.
The deformed radius r of rock sample 10 are as follows:
The hoop strain ε of rock sample 10 is calculated according to the angle βh:
By formula (8) it is found that the hoop strain ε of rock sample 10hThe only coordinate x with E point in x-axisE, incident ray and x
The distance between the axis and receiver board 30 of angle α, rock sample 10 between axis d and rock sample 10 deform before radius
r0It is related, and the distance between axis and receiver board 30 of angle α, rock sample 10 between incident ray and x-axis d and rock
Radius r before the deformation of stone sample 100It can obtain, can be written in advance in signal processor 31 before measurement experiment, and rock
The hoop strain ε of sample 10hIt can be captured and be obtained by area array CCD 32, then pass to signal processor 31, so as to pass through
31 operation of signal processor obtains the hoop strain ε of rock sample 10h。
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of contactless measuring system of rock sample circumferential direction microstrain characterized by comprising be spaced and triangular in shape
Pressure testing machine, laser emitter (20) and the receiver board (30) of setting；The pressure testing machine includes the pressure being oppositely arranged
Contracting column (51) and sample placement platform (52)；The receiving plane of the receiver board (30) is towards the pressure testing machine；The laser
The light-emitting window of transmitter (20) towards it is described compression column (51) and the sample placement platform (52) between region；The reception
Plate (30) is equipped with the signal processor (31) that communicates to connect with the receiver board (30), the signal processor (31) also with display
Device (40) communication connection.
2. the contactless measuring system of rock sample circumferential direction microstrain according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The receiving plane of receiver board (30) is equipped with area array CCD (32), the area array CCD (32) and the signal processor (31) communication link
It connects.
3. the contactless measuring system of rock sample circumferential direction microstrain according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that
The pressure testing machine, the laser emitter (20) and the receiver board (30) rounded projections arranged at an acute angle.
4. a kind of non-contact measurement side of the rock sample circumferential direction microstrain based on measuring system described in claim 1 or 3
Method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) reflectance coating is applied in the arcuate flanks of cylindrical rock sample (10)；
(2) both ends of rock sample (10) are contacted with compression column (51) and sample placement platform (52)；
(3) receiver board (30) are adjusted, it is parallel with the receiving plane of receiver board (30) makes the extending direction of rock sample (10), and make
The axis of rock sample (10) is vertical with the extending direction of receiver board (30)；
(4) start and adjust laser emitter (20), make the light direction of laser emitter (20) and the axis of rock sample (10)
Line is vertical, and the light for emitting laser emitter (20) is radiated in rock sample (10) arcuate flanks, and light is radiated at
The vertical line of point to rock sample (10) axis in arcuate flanks is vertical with receiver board (30)；
(5) start pressure testing machine, make to compress column (51) compression rock sample (10)；
(6) in signal processor (31), the position signal on receiver board (30) is located at according to collected reflection light, is used
Hoop strain algorithm obtains the hoop strain of rock sample (10).
5. the contactless measurement of rock sample circumferential direction microstrain according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described
The material of reflectance coating is diffusing reflection coating.
6. the contactless measurement of rock sample circumferential direction microstrain according to claim 5, which is characterized in that described
Hoop strain algorithm specifically:
Using the extending direction of receiver board (30) as x-axis, with the axis of rock sample (10) perpendicular to receiver board (30) line be y
Axis establishes two-dimensional coordinate system；The crosspoint of reflection light and receiver board (30) is labeled as E；
Coordinate x of the E point in x-axisEAre as follows:
In formula: angle of the α between incident ray and x-axis；β is the middle line MD of incident ray and reflection light and the angle of y-axis；
D is the distance between axis and receiver board (30) of rock sample (10)；r0For the initial radium of rock sample (10)；
According to coordinate x of the E point in x-axisEThe angle β may be expressed as:
β=g (α, xE, d, r0) (2)
The hoop strain ε of rock sample (10) is calculated according to the angle βh:
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Cited By (1)
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