CN109944215B - Wave-eliminating slope protection structure for earth-rock dam reinforcement engineering - Google Patents
Wave-eliminating slope protection structure for earth-rock dam reinforcement engineering Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wave-eliminating slope protection structure for earth-rock dam reinforcement engineering, wherein an original upstream slope protection (2) is arranged on a dam body (1), when the height of the dam body (1) is less than 0.5 meter, a newly-built step slope protection (6) is arranged on one side, close to an original dam top road surface (4), of the original upstream slope protection (2), a gravel stone cushion layer (8) is arranged between the newly-built step slope protection (6) and the dam body (1), an original wave-preventing wall (3) is arranged on one side of the original dam top road surface (4), the original wave-preventing wall (3) is positioned between the newly-built step slope protection (6) and the original dam top road surface (4), and the newly-built step slope protection (6) is positioned above a normal water level. The method overcomes the defects of unobvious wave eliminating effect in the prior art, and has the advantages of no need of dismantling the existing dam slope, low manufacturing cost and guaranteed construction quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an earth-rock dam danger-eliminating reinforcement project, in particular to a wave-eliminating slope protection structure of the earth-rock dam reinforcement project.
Background
After the new Chinese is established, a large number of earth-rock dams are built in China, and the problem of dam underheight often exists when the dams are rechecked according to the current standard requirements.
The reinforcement scheme aiming at the problem of lack of height of the earth-rock dam mainly comprises the following steps: (1) the dam body is heightened, the dam top is heightened, the slope is cultivated on the dam slope, the slope cultivation construction is difficult, the slope cultivation is carried out on the surface layer of the existing dam slope, the new slope cultivation is difficult to compact, and the stability is difficult to guarantee; (2) newly-built or heightened wave wall, the heightening is limited by adopting the method, if the heightening is excessive, the sight is blocked, and the landscape is affected; (3) the wave eliminating structure is added, the slope roughness is increased to reduce the climbing height of the waves, so that the height of the dam top is reduced, the climbing height of the waves can be reduced, the height of the dam top is reduced, the impact of the waves on the dam body can be reduced, and the safety of main engineering is facilitated. Therefore, the problem of the lack of height of the earth-rock dam body can be solved by adding the wave-eliminating structure, and the method has good economical efficiency and applicability.
At present, the earth-rock dam slope protection and wave elimination mainly adopts the following modes: (1) traditional slope protection forms such as cast-in-place concrete, slurry masonry and dry masonry slope protection are convenient to construct, but the wave eliminating effect is not obvious; (2) the method has the advantages that the construction is simple and economical, the wave eliminating effect is not ideal, the cast-filled block stone is easily washed away by waves, and the stability of a dam slope can be influenced; (3) the wave eliminating method for the precast concrete blocks has better wave eliminating effect, but the method has higher requirements on manufacturing and laying processes and higher manufacturing cost; (4) the method has good wave eliminating effect, can effectively reduce the climbing height of the wave and lower the elevation of the dam top, but the wave eliminating platform is arranged on the upstream dam slope, so that the filling amount of the earth and the stone is increased, and the manufacturing cost is higher; (5) wave wall wave eliminating. The method can prevent or reduce the overtaking of waves, particularly the anti-arc wave wall has better wave eliminating effect, but the wave impact force born by the wave wall is larger, which is not beneficial to the stability of the wave wall; (6) the dam slope is roughened, and the method has good wave eliminating effect by increasing the slope roughness to break the waves and reduce the wave climbing.
The common wave-eliminating modes are the optimal mode for solving the problem of lack of height of the earth-rock dam by comprehensively considering the aspects of reinforcing effect, engineering cost, construction convenience and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the background technology and provides a wave-eliminating slope protection structure for earth and rockfill dam reinforcement engineering.
The invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: the wave-eliminating slope protection structure for earth-rock dam reinforcement engineering has a dam body with an upstream slope protection,
when the height of the dam body is less than 0.5 meter, the dam body comprises the dam body, an original upstream slope protection, an original wave wall, an original dam crest pavement, a newly built step slope protection, a newly built wave wall and a sand gravel cushion layer;
the novel high-efficiency high-pressure water storage dam is characterized in that a novel step type slope protection is arranged on one side of the original upstream slope protection, close to an original dam crest pavement, a gravel stone cushion layer is arranged between the novel step type slope protection and the dam body, an original wave wall is arranged on one side of the original dam crest pavement, the novel wave wall is located between the novel step type slope protection and the original dam crest pavement, and the novel step type slope protection is located above a normal water storage level.
In the technical scheme, the method comprises the following steps: when the dam body is less than or equal to 0.5m, the original wave wall is dismantled, a new wave wall is arranged at the position of the original wave wall,
the newly-built wave wall is located between the newly-built step slope protection and the original dam crest pavement.
In the technical scheme, the method comprises the following steps: and the position of the newly-built dam crest pavement is kept consistent with that of the original dam crest pavement.
The invention has the following advantages: (1) compared with the conventional slope-increasing dam scheme, the step-type slope protection scheme does not need to dismantle the existing dam slope, has low manufacturing cost and ensures construction quality. The upstream slope is limited by the water level of the reservoir and the size of the slope is limited, and the reservoir is emptied and the slope is carried out after the upstream slope is removed, so that the downstream slope is generally adopted. The engineering quantity is large when the slope is formed on the downstream side, and the soil material is not beneficial to mechanical rolling due to the narrow paving width of the soil material, and the combination problem of new and old soil exists, so that the construction quality is difficult to ensure. The step type slope protection scheme does not need to dismantle the existing slope protection, and has low cost, simple construction method and guaranteed concrete pouring construction quality.
(2) Compared with the traditional slope protection type such as concrete slope protection, slurry stone slope protection, dry stone slope protection and the like, the stepped slope protection has good wave eliminating effect.
(3) Compared with the cast-filled block stone revetment, the stepped revetment structure is stable and high in applicability, and can be additionally arranged only in a water level fluctuation area.
(4) Compared with the wave-eliminating structure of the special-shaped concrete precast block, the stepped slope protection structure is simple and attractive, convenient to construct and low in cost. Compared with the construction of special-shaped concrete prefabricated body wave-eliminating structures such as a turning king block body, a turning I-shaped block body and the like, the wave-eliminating structure needs to be prefabricated firstly, then transported and hoisted, and the construction cost is about 800-900 yuan/m 3 The step type wave-eliminating slope protection directly adopts cast-in-place concrete, and the construction process is simpleThe manufacturing cost is about 600-700 yuan/m 3 The whole is relatively inexpensive.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a newly constructed step slope protection according to the present invention.
In the figure: the novel high-efficiency high-pressure water-saving dam comprises a dam body 1, an original upstream slope protection 2, an original wave wall 3, an original dam crest pavement 4, a newly built dam crest pavement 5, a newly built step slope protection 6, a newly built wave wall 7 and a gravel stone cushion layer 8.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, is not to be taken as limiting the invention, but merely as exemplifications, and makes it easier and more obvious to understand the advantages of the invention.
As described in the background art: the common modes of roughening the dam slope surface include upward convex roughening and downward concave roughening, wherein the upward convex roughening is like inserting a stone strip for slope protection, and the upward convex roughening utilizes upward convex stilling stones or stills to break waves, consume wave energy and reduce wave climbing; the concave roughening is like fence board slope protection, and the fence board is roughened due to the concave roughening of the fence board and a large number of cavities, so that the roughness of the slope is increased, part of climbing wave energy can be consumed, and the wave eliminating effect is achieved. Furthermore, the cavity of the fence panel can cause the passing waves to swirl, break and strike, ultimately causing the wave energy to be secondarily consumed.
The step-type wave eliminating structure has the characteristics of both an upward convex type and a downward concave type rough wave eliminating structure, so that the wave eliminating structure has the advantages of good wave eliminating effect, good structural stability, low manufacturing cost, simple construction and convenient mechanized construction, is an efficient and reasonable wave eliminating structure, and has great engineering application prospect.
Referring to fig. 1-2: the earth-rock dam reinforcement engineering wave-eliminating slope protection structure comprises a dam body 1, an original upstream slope protection 2, an original wave-preventing wall 3, an original dam top road surface 4, a newly built dam top road surface 5, a newly built step slope protection 6, a newly built wave-preventing wall 7 and a sand gravel cushion layer 8, wherein when the height of the dam body 1 is less than 0.5 m;
the novel high-efficiency concrete dam is characterized in that a novel step-type slope protection 6 is arranged on one side of the original upstream slope protection 2, which is close to the original dam crest pavement 4, and a gravel stone cushion layer 8 is arranged between the novel step-type slope protection 6 and the dam body 1, and the function of the gravel stone cushion layer is to provide a smooth and stable foundation for the concrete step-type slope protection.
The novel dam crest pavement 4 is characterized in that one side of the original dam crest pavement 4 is provided with an original wave wall 3, the original wave wall 3 is positioned between the novel stepped slope protection 6 and the original dam crest pavement 4, and the novel stepped slope protection 6 is positioned above a normal water storage level.
When the height of the dam body 1 is less than 0.5m, a new wave wall 7 can be arranged, the position of the new wave wall 7 is positioned at the position of dismantling the original wave wall 3, the original wave wall 3 can be dismantled, namely, the new wave wall 7 is positioned in front of the original wave wall 3, and the position relationship between the new wave wall 7 and the original wave wall 3 is uncertain, and is determined according to the engineering condition of the site.
When the height of the dam body 1 is larger than 0.5m, the original wave wall 3 is dismantled, a new wave wall 7 is arranged at the position of the original wave wall 3,
the new wave wall 7 is positioned between the new step slope protection 6 and the original dam crest pavement 4.
The newly built dam crest pavement 5 is positioned above the original dam crest pavement 4. In general, the height of the newly built dam crest pavement 5 is consistent with that of the original dam crest pavement 4 under the condition that the pavement is not damaged, and maintenance or re-paving is not needed.
The invention discloses a wave-eliminating slope protection structure for earth-rock dam reinforcement engineering, which further comprises the following construction steps:
(1) dismantling the original wave wall 3 and the original dam crest pavement 4 (according to specific engineering, whether dismantling is needed or not): the original wave wall 3 and the original dam crest pavement 4 can be dismantled by adopting a manual air pick, a breaking hammer, a hydraulic plate or other machines.
(2) Paving a sand gravel cushion 8: and (3) paving a sand gravel cushion layer 8 on the original upstream slope protection 2 on the dam body 1, wherein after paving the sand gravel cushion layer 8, the sand gravel cushion layer 8 is manually paved, and the slope formed by the sand gravel cushion layer 8 is vibrated and compacted to the design requirement.
(3) And (3) preparing concrete: commercial concrete or self-mixing concrete is adopted to stir the concrete to the construction site so as to achieve the required design requirement.
(4) Casting a step type slope protection concrete vertical mould: and (3) carrying out artificial formwork erection of the newly-built step type slope protection 6 on the basis of the gravel stone cushion layer 8 in the step (2), binding and shaping by adopting reinforcing steel bars, pouring the concrete which is stirred in the step (3) in the formwork erection of the newly-built step type slope protection 6, and vibrating by adopting an inserted vibrator.
(5) And (3) curing newly-built step type slope protection 6 concrete: and (3) naturally curing the newly-built stepped slope protection 6 which is finished in the step (4) and vibrated by a vibrator by sprinkling water, wherein the curing time is not less than 7 days until the design requirement is met.
(6) Paving a newly-built wave wall 7 and a newly-built dam crest pavement 5: pouring a new wave wall 7 on the position of the dismantled original wave wall 3, wherein the new wave wall 7 can be positioned on the position of the original wave wall 3 or arranged behind the original wave wall 3, and the specific position is determined according to the actual condition of engineering; the newly built dam crest pavement 5 is positioned at or above the original position of the original dam crest pavement 4. In general, the height of the newly built dam crest pavement 5 is consistent with that of the original dam crest pavement 4 under the condition that the pavement is not damaged, and maintenance or re-paving is not needed.
The main points that this patent put forward are: aiming at the problem of lack of height of the earth-rock dam, the adopted reinforcement measures are as follows: the step type slope protection is adopted above the normal water storage level at the upstream of the dam.
The reinforcement principle is as follows: the roughness and permeability coefficient K are reduced by utilizing the step type slope protection and wave elimination performance Δ Thereby reducing the calculated wave climbing and the calculated height of the dam crest. According to the result of the numerical simulation test, the roughness and permeability coefficient K of the step type slope protection Δ =0.50 to 0.55, compared with the conventional concrete slope protection (K Δ =0.9) and stone protection slope (K) Δ ＝0.75-0.8), the roughness rate and permeability coefficient are reduced by 27-44%, and the calculated wave climbing height is reduced by 27-44% under the same condition, so that the calculated height of the dam crest is reduced. According to engineering experience, in general, for a dam with less height (< 0.5 m), after the step slope protection is additionally arranged, the conventional dam top elevation can meet the standard requirement. For dams with more undersides (more than 0.5 m), the height of the dam crest can meet the standard requirement by combining the step slope protection with the scheme of heightening the wave wall of the dam crest.
The following examples are set forth to provide a better understanding of the present invention.
The junction of Zhanghe water reservoir at Jingmen city, yichang city and Xiangfan city is a large (1) reservoir mainly for irrigation and flood control, and has comprehensive utilization of urban water supply, power generation, shipping, travel and the like, and the engineering grade of the reservoir is I, the grade of the main building is 1, and the grade of the secondary building is 3.
The chicken-tip dam is a clay inclined wall composite dam with various earth materials, the dam top is 1950m long, 9m wide, the dam top height is 126.8m, the maximum dam height is 58.3m, and the concrete wave wall top height is 127.7m. The upstream slope ratio of the dam is 1:2.5, 1:3.0, 1:3.5 and 1:4.0 respectively, so that the dam is a dry masonry block slope protection; downstream slope ratios of 1:2.25, 1:2.75, 1:3.25, 1:2.0, respectively, are turf slopes. The downstream slope surface is provided with a drainage ditch, and the dam foot is provided with a rock-fill drainage prism. According to the dam safety identification report, the dam crest of the chicken-feather tip dam is lower than 0.49m.
Aiming at the problem of undershoot of a chicken-tip dam, an upstream step type slope protection wave elimination and dam crest wave wall reconstruction heightening scheme is adopted in the stage of the preliminary design of the risk removal and reinforcement of the Zhanghe reservoir, and specifically the scheme is as follows: and paving a 15cm thick gravel stone cushion layer on the surface of the original dry masonry block stone slope protection above the normal water storage level, pouring a concrete step type slope protection, wherein the step width b=0.5 m, and the step height h=0.2 m. According to the physical model test and the numerical simulation result, the step slope protection roughness and the permeability coefficient K Δ Take 0.55.
According to the rolling earth-rock dam design Specification (SL 274-2001), when the gradient coefficient m=1.5-5.0, the wave climbing calculation formula is:
wherein: r is R m Average wave run-up, m;
m-gradient coefficient of single slope;
K p -climbing up the accumulated frequency conversion coefficient, and taking 1% of the accumulated frequency of the 1-level hydraulic building;
K Δ the roughness and permeability coefficient are 0.75 for the original dry masonry block slope protection and 0.55 for the step slope protection;
K W -empirical coefficients.
When the original dry masonry revetment calculates the designed flood level, the wave climbing height is 1.70, the dam crest is less than 0.49m, and after the step type revetment reinforcing scheme is adopted, the wave climbing height is 1.24m, and the dam crest elevation basically meets the standard requirement. In addition, the height of the blast wall is increased by 20cm when the dam crest is combined for modification, and the dam crest elevation meets the standard requirement.
The main engineering quantity and the manufacturing cost of the step type slope protection scheme and the conventional dam crest slope heightening scheme are shown in table 1, and compared with the conventional dam crest slope heightening scheme, the step type slope protection scheme saves 322.73 ten thousand yuan, and has remarkable economic benefit. Compared with the special-shaped slope protection wave-eliminating structure, the stepped slope protection structure is simple, convenient to construct, free of special mechanical equipment, free of dismantling of the existing slope protection and good in adaptability with the existing dam slope structure. In addition, the step type revetment can be combined with dam crest reconstruction to construct a hydrophilic ecological landscape platform.
Table 1 table for comparing investment of step slope protection scheme and slope heightening scheme
Claims (1)
1. Wave bank protection structure disappears in earth-rock dam reinforcement engineering, is provided with former upstream bank protection (2) on dam body (1), its characterized in that: the novel dam top road surface protection device comprises a dam body (1), an original upstream slope protection (2), an original wave wall (3), an original dam top road surface (4), a novel dam top road surface (5), a novel stepped slope protection (6), a novel wave wall (7) and a sand gravel cushion layer (8);
the dam body (1) owes highly less than 0.5 meters, former upstream bank protection (2) be close to former dam crest road surface (4) upstream side and be provided with newly-built step bank protection (6), newly-built step bank protection (6) with dam body (1) between be provided with gravel bed course (8), former dam crest road surface (4) upstream side be provided with former wave wall (3), former wave wall (3) be located newly-built step bank protection (6) with former dam crest road surface (4) between, newly-built step bank protection (6) be located normal water storage level top.
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| CN110541399B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2024-07-12 | 宁夏水利水电勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Dam body of reservoir dam |
| CN113737747B (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2023-01-31 | 内蒙古引绰济辽供水有限责任公司 | Reservoir earth and rockfill dam upper reaches bank protection structure of breaking wave |
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