CN109942056A - A method of the biomass carbon electrode desalination derived from bog moss - Google Patents
A method of the biomass carbon electrode desalination derived from bog moss Download PDFInfo
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- CN109942056A CN109942056A CN201910215596.XA CN201910215596A CN109942056A CN 109942056 A CN109942056 A CN 109942056A CN 201910215596 A CN201910215596 A CN 201910215596A CN 109942056 A CN109942056 A CN 109942056A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of biomass carbon electrode desalination derived from bog moss of field of seawater desalination, and specific step is as follows for this method: bog moss is carbonized by step 1, is uniformly ground into powder after the biological carbon being carbonized；Biomass carbon, carbon black and PTFE are prepared in proportion, are then stirred evenly compounding substances by step 2；Compounding substances are uniformly applied to graphite paper surface by step 3, and electrode slice is made, is then thermally dried electrode slice；Two electrodes are put into electricity except salt water being pumped into reactor using peristaltic pump and is recycled in salt reactor, electrode both ends apply voltage and carry out desalination test using the electrode slice after drying as anode and cathode by step 4.This patent uses bog moss to be prepared for biomass derived carbon by carbonisation as original material for the first time, the advantages that possessing big specific surface area, reasonable pore structure and excellent conductivity and water resistance as CDI electrode prepared by active material using this biomass carbon material.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of seawater desalination, the side of specifically a kind of biomass carbon electrode desalination derived from bog moss
Method.
Background technique
Shortage of water resources has become one of urgent problem to be solved in the world at present, and sea water desalination is a kind of effective way
Diameter goes to alleviate this problem.Compared with the desalinations technology such as traditional distillation, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, capacitive deionization (CDI) technology
, energy consumption few, environmental-friendly the features such as at low cost with its, is in recent years by extensive concern.The working principle of CDI is based on electric double layer
Theory, during the charging process, anion and cation in salt water are adsorbed on respectively on anode and cathode；During discharge,
The salt ion desorption being adsorbed returns in salting liquid.
In general, the performance of CDI and the physics of electrode material and structural behaviour are closely related.Ideal electrode material should have
There are biggish surface area, higher electric conductivity and pore-size distribution appropriate.Carbon material is ideal CDI electrode material, at present
Until, various forms of carbon materials such as activated carbon, carbon aerogels, ordered mesopore carbon, carbon nanotube, graphene etc. are ground extensively
Study carefully and be applied in CDI desalination, to improve its desalting performance.But these material costs are high, yield is low, uses in preparation process
A large amount of poisonous and harmful reagents, cause secondary pollution to environment, limit its extensive use on CDI.
Other than the high-performance of electrode material, cost, sustainability, environment friendly, the universality of resource and manufacture
Simplicity all should be condition in need of consideration in preparation process.Biomass has the characteristics that resourceful, low in cost.From life
The carbon material extracted in substance is obtained in numerous areas such as pollutant absorption, fuel cell, electrochemical energy storage, sensor and hydrogen storages
It is widely applied, is made that significant contribution for the sustainable development of environment.Therefore, made using the carbon material of sustainable biomass derived
Also become a kind of possible ways for CDI electrode.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the purpose of the present invention is the carbon materials extracted from biomass to be used for CDI technology.
To achieve the goals above, technical scheme is as follows: a kind of biomass carbon electrode derived from bog moss
The method of desalination, comprising the following steps:
Bog moss is carbonized by step 1, is uniformly ground into powder after the biological carbon being carbonized；
Compounding substances are then stirred evenly biomass carbon, carbon black and PTFE mixed preparing by step 2；
Compounding substances are uniformly applied to graphite paper surface by step 3, and electrode slice is made, then heats electrode slice
It is dry；
Two electrodes are put into electricity and removed in salt reactor, utilized by step 4 using the electrode slice after drying as anode and cathode
Salt water is pumped into reactor and recycled by peristaltic pump, and electrode both ends apply voltage and carry out desalination test.
Realize after adopting the above scheme it is following the utility model has the advantages that 1, relative to using common carbon material production desalination electricity
Pole, the present invention uses the bog moss after carbonization as electrode active material, with the biological water absorption character (bog moss of bog moss itself
10~25 times that moisture is own wt can be absorbed) it is to inspire, the biological water absorption character for developing bog moss itself is itself
Pore structure and specific surface area collective effect, the biomass carbon electrode prepared according to this characteristic possess bigger specific surface area
With suitable aperture, therefore adsorption site is increased, shortens ion transmission path, more ions can be adsorbed.
2, relative to the biomass carbon electrode using the preparation of other characteristics, biomass carbon derived from bog moss has very strong
Hydrophily increases the contact area of biomass carbon electrode and seawater；Orderly and densely covered pore structure improves the biography of ion
Defeated and diffusivity, while pore structure is also convenient for the adsorption desorption of ion, improves desalting efficiency.
3, relative to the prior art using other materials, using carbon black as conducting medium, PTFE in the technical program
(polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)) is used as adhesive, enhances the electric conductivity of material while improving water resistance.
4, relative to the prior art for introducing poisonous and harmful chemical reagent production electrode, the technical program uses physical method
The biomass carbon electrode of preparation, improves the feature of environmental protection, provides one rationally effectively for the carbon material preparation of green low cost
Approach.
Further, it carries out pre-processing bog moss before step 1, it is small that bog moss is put into immersion 24 in ultrapure water
When suction moisture, then use liquid-nitrogen freeze drying technology freeze-dried material.
1, relative to the bog moss of direct carbonization, the biomass carbon electrode cycle volt-ampere curve of carbonization is lyophilized closer to square
Shape shows that the biomass carbon of freeze-drying carbonization has more preferably electric double layer capacitance.And its specific capacitance is greater than the biology of direct carbonization
Matter carbon.
2, relative to the bog moss of direct carbonization, the biomass carbon electrode that carbonization is lyophilized has lesser electrode interior resistance
And charge transfer resistance, improve electric conductivity.
3, relative to the bog moss of direct carbonization, the biomass carbon electrode of the carbonization salting liquid conductance in desalting process is lyophilized
Rate decline degree is faster than the biomass carbon of direct carbonization, so biomass carbon electrode has faster ionic adsorption rate, Er Qieyou
Higher desalination ability.
Further, the temperature requirement of step 1 carbonization is 750 DEG C -850 DEG C, and the reaction time is 2-3 hours, and atmosphere is nitrogen
Gas, 3 DEG C -4 DEG C/min of heating rate.It is gradually carbonized using slow heating, maximum protects the knot of biomass carbon electrode material
Structure is complete.
Further, according to biomass carbon in step 2: carbon black: the ratio of PTFE is 8:1:1.
Further, first powdered biomass carbon and carbon black are mixed and stirred for uniformly in step 2, then by PTFE points
It is dispersed in ultrapure water, finally pours into PTFE in uniformly mixed solid powder mechanical stirring 10-15 minutes.
Further, the specification of graphite paper described in step 3 is 3cmx10cm, what biomass carbon, carbon black and PTFE were formed
The coated area of paste mixture is 3cmx4cm.
Further, for the heating device used in step 3 to program heating plate, the temperature set is dry as 70 DEG C -80 DEG C
Time be 3-4 hours.
Further, brine recycling speed is 20-25mL min in step 4-1, electrode both ends apply voltage when desalination is tested
For 1.2-1.5V.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the operating principle figure of existing CDI technology；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of embodiment one；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of embodiment two；
Fig. 4 is the structure chart under the bog moss scanning electron microscope of freeze-drying carbonization；
Fig. 5 is the structure chart under the bog moss transmission electron microscope of freeze-drying carbonization；
Fig. 6 is the biomass carbon electrode of freeze-drying carbonization in the different cyclic voltammetry curves swept under speed；
Fig. 7 is direct carbonization and the biomass carbon electrode being carbonized is lyophilized in 1.0M NaCl aqueous solution, and sweep speed is
20mV s-1When cyclic voltammetry curve；
Fig. 8 is the specific capacitance of the biomass carbon electrode of direct carbonization and freeze-drying carbonization with sweep speed change curve；
Impedance curve of the Fig. 9 for direct carbonization and the biomass carbon electrode of freeze-drying carbonization in 1.0M NaCl aqueous solution；
Figure 10 is that conductivity changes over time curve in the biomass carbon electrode desalination test of direct carbonization and freeze-drying carbonization；
Figure 11 is the Kim-Yoon curve of the biomass carbon electrode desalination test of direct carbonization and freeze-drying carbonization.
Specific embodiment
It is further described below by specific embodiment:
Appended drawing reference in Figure of description include: salting liquid 1, cleaning solution 2, anion 3, cation 4, positive electrode 5,
Negative electrode 6.
The prior art:
As shown in Fig. 1, electric desalination principle mainly includes two processes:
Adsorption process: apply external electric field on a pair of parallel electrode, salting liquid 1 passes through between electrode, in electrostatic interaction
Under, anion 3 is migrated to positive electrode 5, and cation 4 is migrated to negative electrode 6.Final concentration of salt solution, which constantly reduces, reaches desalination mesh
's.
Desorption process: after electrode adsorption saturation, electric field is removed, or positive electrode 5 and negative electrode 6 are interconnected, is adsorbed on electricity
Ion on extremely can be discharged into cleaning solution 2 because losing the effect of electrostatic force, electrode regeneration.
Embodiment one:
Embodiment is substantially as shown in Fig. 2: a method of the biomass carbon electrode desalination derived from bog moss is divided into
With the next stage:
One, selection and instrument are made: choosing fresh bog moss as basic material, test salt water (NaCl aqueous solution,
250mgL-1), auxiliary material is ultrapure water, nitrogen gas tank, graphite paper, carbon black and PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)), and the instrument of selection is pipe
Formula furnace, mortar, programming heating plate, electronic balance, mechanical stirring tool, scissors, spoon, beaker and power supply.
Two, carbonation stage: bog moss is put into the tube furnace under vacuum state, operator is persistently led into tube furnace
Enter nitrogen, so that nitrogen is served as atmosphere, the heating rate of default tube furnace is 3 DEG C/min by subsequent operator, in 800 DEG C of temperature
Bog moss is carbonized two hours under degree.
Three, grinding and mix stages: operator weighs biomass carbon, carbon black and PTFE using electronic balance,
Biomass carbon: carbon black: the mass ratio of PTFE is 8:1:1, and PTFE is first dispersed in ultrapure water by subsequent operator, remaining
It mixed carbon black and is stirred evenly after operator grinds biomass carbon, PTFE is poured into uniformly mixed consolidate by last operation personnel
In body powder, 10 minutes mixtures for forming pulpous state are stirred using mechanical stirring tool.
Four, the production phase of electrode: graphite paper is laid in desktop and cut out as 3cmx10cm specification, subsequent behaviour by operator
Make personnel and the paste mixture that biomass carbon, carbon black and PTFE are mixed to form uniformly is applied to the graphite after cutting out using spoon
The surface of paper, the coated area of paste mixture are 3cmx4cm.It completes to be put into the graphite paper for being coated with paste mixture after smearing
Drying in heating plate is programmed, set temperature is 80 DEG C, and the dry time is 3 hours.
Five, desalination is carried out, using the electrode slice after drying as anode and cathode, two electrodes are placed on electricity except salt reactor
In, salt water is pumped into reactor using peristaltic pump and recycles (circulation rate 25mL min-1), electrode both ends apply voltage (1.5V)
Carry out desalination test.
Embodiment two
As shown in Fig. 3, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment lies in two o'clock, first point is annex solution on selection instrument
Nitrogen and tweezers, second point are to pre-process before carrying out carbonization treatment to bog moss, and bog moss is put into ultrapure water and is impregnated
It suctions moisture within 24 hours, then uses liquid-nitrogen freeze drying technology freeze-dried material.
As shown in Fig. 4, the bog moss of freeze-drying carbonization is put under scanning electron microscope and is observed.Absorb ultrapure water
Bog moss surface afterwards is unfolded completely, and pore-size distribution is orderly, and structure is not collapsed, the bog moss surface under the quick-frozen effect of liquid nitrogen
There is no obvious slight crack.
As shown in Fig. 5, the bog moss of freeze-drying carbonization is then put under transmission electron microscope and observes by operator, obtains
Structure chart out.Bog moss has abundant and orderly pore-size distribution under high magnification after carbonization.
As shown in Fig. 6, the biomass carbon electrode then by freeze-drying carbonization carries out cyclic voltammetry in the case where difference sweeps speed,
Show biomass carbon electrode in the different cyclic voltammetry curves swept under speed, tests the capacitor and energy storage effect of biomass carbon.
As shown in Fig. 7, it compared the biomass carbon electrode of direct carbonization and freeze-drying carbonization in 1.0M NaCl aqueous solution
In, sweep speed is 20mV s-1Cyclic voltammetry curve.It can be clearly seen that the life that carbonization is lyophilized compared to direct carbonization
Substance carbon electrode curve shows a kind of ideal electric double layer capacitance phenomenon closer to rectangle, and possesses biggish specific capacitance.
As shown in Fig. 8, direct carbonization and the biomass carbon electrode specific capacitance of freeze-drying carbonization be with sweep speed change curve,
It can be seen that under any one sweep speed, freeze with sweep speed change curve from the specific capacitance of different biomass carbon electrodes
The biomass carbon electrode of dry carbonizing will be bigger than the biomass carbon electrode specific capacitance of direct carbonization.It demonstrates relative to direct carbonization
Biomass carbon, the biomass carbon that carbonization is lyophilized has preferable capacitive property.More specifically in 2mV s-1When, the ratio of carbonization is lyophilized
Capacitor can achieve 192F g-1。
As shown in Fig. 9, the impedance of direct carbonization and the biomass carbon electrode of freeze-drying carbonization in the NaCl solution of 1M is bent
Line, impedance diagram by a high frequency region semicircle and low frequency rectilinear(-al), freeze-drying carbonization high frequency region semicircle it is smaller, low frequency range is tiltedly straight
The slope of line is bigger, and smaller with section square of horizontal axis, illustrates that the biomass carbon electrode of freeze-drying carbonization has in lesser electrode
Portion's resistance and charge transfer resistance, electric conductivity are good.
As shown in Fig. 10, direct carbonization and the biomass carbon electrode of freeze-drying carbonization are in desalination, NaCl solution conductivity
Curve is changed over time, in electric desalting process, the biomass carbon electrode that carbonization is lyophilized declines the conductivity of NaCl solution
Faster, more.Illustrate that the biomass carbon electrode of freeze-drying carbonization has faster ionic adsorption rate, and has higher desalination energy
Power.
As shown in Fig. 11, in electric desalination, Kim-Yoon curve is used to describe the desalination ability of electrode, can from figure
The biomass carbon electrode that carbonization is lyophilized out is located at upper and righter position compared to the electrode curve of direct carbonization, illustrates to be lyophilized
The biomass carbon electrode desalination ability of carbonization is better than the biomass carbon of direct carbonization.
Bog moss have very strong water absorbing capacity, can absorb be own wt 10~25 times of moisture.This patent is for the first time
Biomass derived carbon is prepared for by carbonisation as original material using bog moss, we utilize this biomass carbon material
As active material, carbon black is coated to graphite as conductive agent, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (PTFE) after being uniformly mixed as binder
Above paper, CDI electrode is obtained by drying course.The CDI electrode of this preparation possesses big specific surface area, reasonable pore structure
And the advantages that excellent conductivity and water resistance.
When being applied to desalination test, biomass carbon electrode shows good desalination performance and cyclical stability.Desalination
Amount can achieve 10mg g-1.The advantages of our work is that persursor material is rich and easy to get, and preparation is simple, and environmental protection does not use and appoints
What chemical reagent.The work provides a reasonable effective approach for the preparation of green inexpensive carbon material, in CDI and energy storage
Etc. have very big application potential.
What has been described above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common sense such as well known specific structure and characteristic are not made herein in scheme
Excessive description.It, without departing from the structure of the invention, can be with it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art
Several modifications and improvements are made, these also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention, these all will not influence what the present invention was implemented
Effect and patent practicability.The scope of protection required by this application should be based on the content of the claims, in specification
The records such as specific embodiment can be used for explaining the content of claim.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method of the biomass carbon electrode desalination derived from bog moss, it is characterised in that: include the following steps,
Bog moss is carbonized by step 1, is uniformly ground into powder after the biological carbon being carbonized；
Compounding substances are then stirred evenly biomass carbon, carbon black and PTFE mixed preparing by step 2；
Compounding substances are uniformly applied to graphite paper surface by step 3, and electrode slice is made, and it is dry that electrode slice is then carried out heating
It is dry；
Two electrodes are put into electricity and removed in salt reactor, utilize wriggling by step 4 using the electrode slice after drying as anode and cathode
Salt water is pumped into reactor and recycled by pump, and electrode both ends apply voltage and carry out desalination test.
2. a kind of method of biomass carbon electrode desalination derived from bog moss according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Bog moss is pre-processed before step 1, bog moss is put into impregnate 24 hours in ultrapure water suctions moisture, then
Using liquid-nitrogen freeze drying technology freeze-dried material.
3. a kind of method of biomass carbon electrode desalination derived from bog moss according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The temperature requirement of step 1 carbonization is 750 DEG C -850 DEG C, and the reaction time is 2-3 hours, and atmosphere is nitrogen, 3 DEG C -4 of heating rate
℃/min。
4. a kind of method of biomass carbon electrode desalination derived from bog moss according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
According to biomass carbon in step 2: carbon black: the ratio of PTFE is 8:1:1.
5. a kind of method of biomass carbon electrode desalination derived from bog moss according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:
First powdered biomass carbon and carbon black are mixed and stirred for uniformly, then PTFE being dispersed in ultrapure water, most in step 2
PTFE is poured into afterwards in uniformly mixed solid powder mechanical stirring 10-15 minutes.
6. a kind of method of biomass carbon electrode desalination derived from bog moss according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:
The specification of graphite paper described in step 3 is 3cmx10cm, the painting for the paste mixture that biomass carbon, carbon black and PTFE are formed
Clad can product is 3cmx4cm.
7. a kind of method of biomass carbon electrode desalination derived from bog moss according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:
The heating device used in step 3 is programs heating plate, and for the temperature set as 70 DEG C -80 DEG C, the dry time is 3-4 hours.
8. a kind of method of biomass carbon electrode desalination derived from bog moss according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:
Brine recycling speed is 20-25mL min in step 4-1, it is 1.2-1.5V that electrode both ends, which apply voltage, when desalination is tested.
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| CN110526350A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-12-03 | 中南大学 | A kind of CDI multi-stage porous activated carbon electrodes and its preparation method and application using HAP cracking self-activation |
| CN111087054A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-05-01 | 黑龙江大学 | Simple preparation method for synthesizing electro-adsorption desalination electrode by carbonizing reed straw |
| CN111573792A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2020-08-25 | 湖南大学 | Preparation method of capacitive deionization electrode active material, capacitive deionization electrode and application of capacitive deionization electrode |
| CN114715985A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-07-08 | 南京大学 | Electrochemical desalination system constructed from mycelium-derived carbon |
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| CN111573792A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2020-08-25 | 湖南大学 | Preparation method of capacitive deionization electrode active material, capacitive deionization electrode and application of capacitive deionization electrode |
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