CN109940152B - Liquid lifting pipe for high-temperature alloy antigravity casting and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Liquid lifting pipe for high-temperature alloy antigravity casting and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A liquid lifting tube for antigravity casting of high-temp alloy is composed of high-temp metal tube with convex structure on its internal and external walls, metal disk, internal and external ceramic liners and internal and external coatings. The metal pipe is made of heat-resistant steel, and the bonding force between the metal pipe and the ceramic lining can be improved by the aid of the protruding structures on the inner wall and the outer wall of the metal pipe. The inner ceramic lining and the outer ceramic lining consist of 30-40 wt% of refractory powder, 50-60 wt% of refractory aggregate and 5-10 wt% of refractory fiber, have the thickness of 15-25mm and have the linear expansion coefficient close to that of the metal pipe. The inner and outer coatings are formed by coating 75-90 wt% of high-purity yttrium oxide powder, 8-23 wt% of zirconium acetate, 0.5-1 wt% of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and 0.3-1.2 wt% of n-octanol, and the thickness of the inner and outer coatings is 0.2-0.5 mm. The lift tube manufactured by the invention has the advantages of high temperature resistance, no reaction with alloy liquid, good thermal stability and the like, is suitable for vacuum antigravity casting of high-temperature alloy, and is also suitable for antigravity casting of metal materials such as cast steel, cast iron and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vacuum antigravity casting, and particularly provides a lift tube for vacuum antigravity casting of high-temperature alloy and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
Countergravity casting is a cast forming process developed in the 50's of the 20 th century. The method is that the molten metal in the crucible is filled into the casting mold along the riser pipe from bottom to top under the action of pressure to overcome gravity and other resistance, and the casting is obtained under pressure. The antigravity casting is applied to the production of castings such as copper sleeves, automobile aluminum alloy hubs and the like in the early stage. With the development of casting technology and the improvement of the quality requirement of casting products, the scope of antigravity casting is continuously expanding at present, from simple castings to thin-wall and complex castings, and from low-melting point alloys such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and the like to high-melting point alloys such as cast iron, cast steel, high-temperature alloy and the like.
The Hitchiner company in the United states successively develops a series of vacuum antigravity casting patent technologies to produce high-temperature alloy precision castings for equipment such as gas turbines, aerospace vehicles and the like. The U.S. Howmet corporation has subsequently also developed industrial gas turbine superalloy castings, such as impellers, disk disks, and the like, using countergravity vacuum casting techniques. Because of the high added value of the high-temperature alloy casting and the advantages of compact casting, good purity of alloy liquid, stable mold filling, high mechanical property and the like brought by the vacuum antigravity casting technology, some researches on the high-temperature alloy antigravity casting are also developed in China in recent years, the researches are mainly focused on the influence of the vacuum degree on the mold filling and solidification characteristics of the metal liquid, and the developed equipment and process are in the laboratory stage.
Lift tubes are one of the key components of countergravity casting. During mold filling, under the action of process air pressure, molten metal enters a casting mold from a crucible through a liquid lifting pipe. When the pressure is relieved, the unsolidified molten metal also flows back to the crucible through the riser tube. As an important component in a pouring system, the liquid lifting pipe has the functions of flow guiding and feeding, has airtightness, chemical inertness and stable and reliable filling process, and plays an important role in the anti-gravity casting process. At present, the development of domestic lift tubes mainly focuses on the application of aluminum alloy antigravity casting, and a large number of patent technologies are accumulated. The high-temperature alloy not only has the characteristics of high density, high melting point (not less than 1300 ℃) and the like, but also contains various active metal elements such as Al, Ti and the like, and is easy to generate violent physical and chemical reaction with the lift tube at high temperature, and the requirement on the high-temperature chemical stability of the lift tube material is more strict. The working temperature of the lift tube for aluminum alloy low-pressure casting is 700-900 ℃, the commercial aluminum alloy low-pressure casting lift tube is not suitable for high-temperature alloy antigravity casting, such as the aluminum titanate lift tube has insufficient temperature resistance and the maximum use temperature of 1200 ℃, and the ceramic lift tubes such as silicon carbide, silicon nitride and the like react with the alloy liquid at high temperature to generate gas.
The patent CN104163640A discloses a microwave sintering preparation method of a high-purity silicon nitride ceramic lift tube for low-pressure casting, wherein the lift tube is used in the low-pressure casting of aluminum alloy, and the working temperature of the lift tube is 700-900 ℃; the patent CN105645956A discloses a preparation method of a titanium nitride ceramic lift tube, which is simple to manufacture, low in cost and suitable for low-pressure casting of aluminum alloy; patent CN101612659B discloses a method for preparing a lift tube for copper alloy antigravity casting, which adopts a heat-resistant steel tube as a framework, and an inner graphite tube and an outer graphite tube are in threaded composite connection with the steel tube, and the lift tube is suitable for copper alloy antigravity casting at the working temperature of 1100 ℃.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for manufacturing a lift tube meeting the requirement of antigravity casting of high-temperature alloy. The lift tube manufactured by the invention has the advantages of high temperature resistance, no pollution to high-temperature alloy liquid, good thermal shock resistance and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a high temperature alloy counter-gravity is lift tube for casting which characterized in that: the lift tube is provided with an inner coating 6, an inner ceramic lining 4, a high-temperature resistant metal tube 1, an outer ceramic lining 3 and an outer coating 5 from inside to outside, the top of the lift tube is also provided with a metal disc 2, and the metal disc 2 is connected with the metal tube 1.
As a preferred technical scheme:
the metal pipe 1 is made of heat-resistant steel, has a high melting point and a linear expansion coefficient of 12.4-13.5 multiplied by 10-6/℃(0～815℃)。
The inner wall and the outer wall of the metal pipe 1 are provided with certain convex structures, preferably concave-convex structures or thread structures, and the purpose is to improve the bonding force between the metal pipe 1 and the inner ceramic lining and the outer ceramic lining. The protruding structure can be formed by precision investment casting or machined.
The inner wall and the outer wall of the metal pipe 1 are wrapped with an inner ceramic lining 4 and an outer ceramic lining 3, the thicknesses of the inner ceramic lining and the outer ceramic lining are 15-25mm, the inner ceramic lining and the outer ceramic lining are composed of 30-40 wt% of refractory powder, 50-60 wt% of refractory aggregate and 5-10 wt% of refractory fiber, and the inner ceramic lining and the outer ceramic lining are formed by ramming or grouting by mixing a binder and a refractory material, wherein: the refractory powder is preferably SiO2、ZrO2、ZrSiO4、Al2O3、MgO2One or more of the above; the refractory aggregate is 60-100 mesh magnesia, and has a melting point of 2800 deg.C and a linear expansion coefficient of 14 × 10-6The temperature is 0-1000 ℃, and the expansion coefficient of the heat-resistant steel wire is close to that of the heat-resistant steel wire selected for the metal pipe 1; the refractory fiber is alumina fiber and/or zirconia fiber. Some select fused quartz casting material as the main material of ceramic lining to connect with heat-resistant steel pipe, but the linear expansion coefficients of the two are very different (the linear expansion coefficient of fused quartz is 0.5X 10)-6The temperature is far lower than the linear expansion coefficient of the heat-resistant steel per DEG C (0-1000 ℃), and the cracking tendency of the lift tube is large. The overall linear expansion coefficient of the inner ceramic lining and the outer ceramic lining is close to that of a metal pipeline, and the ceramic lining has excellent thermal shock resistance.
The outer ceramic lining 3 and the inner ceramic lining 4 are connected at the bottom of the riser tube to form a hollow integrated structure.
The outer sides of the outer ceramic lining 3 and the inner ceramic lining 4 are respectively coated with an outer coating 5 and an inner coating 6, the coating base material is rare earth oxide powder with stable physicochemical properties, the rare earth oxide powder is preferably yttrium oxide powder, and the manufacturing method of the outer coating 5 and the inner coating 6 comprises the following steps: 75-90 wt% of high-purity yttrium oxide powder with the size of 100 meshes, 8-23 wt% of zirconium acetate, 0.5-1 wt% of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and 0.3-1.2 wt% of n-octanol are uniformly stirred to prepare a coating, a rare earth oxide coating with the thickness of 0.2-0.5mm is coated on the inner ceramic lining and the outer ceramic lining of the lift tube in a brushing mode, and the coating is naturally dried.
The metal disc 2 and the metal pipe 1 are made of the same material and are integrally cast through investment casting, and the metal disc and the metal pipe can be connected together in a welding mode.
The method for manufacturing the lift tube comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of metal tube 1 and metal disc 2: the metal pipe 1 is made of heat-resistant steel pipe, the inner wall and the outer wall of the metal pipe are provided with protruding structures, the upper end of the metal pipe 1 is connected with a metal disc 2 made of the same material, and the metal disc can be integrally formed through casting and can also be connected through welding.
(2) Preparing inner and outer ceramic liners on the inner and outer walls of the metal tube 1: is formed by ramming or grouting refractory materials mixed with binders such as water glass or silica sol and the like.
(3) Preparing rare earth oxide coatings on the surfaces of the inner ceramic lining and the outer ceramic lining: the surface of the inner ceramic lining and the surface of the outer ceramic lining are coated with a coating which is chemically stable at high temperature to form an inner coating 6 and an outer coating 5, the coating is composed of a layer of rare earth oxide which is very thin (preferably 0.2-0.5mm), the physicochemical reaction of high-temperature alloy liquid in the crucible and a riser tube at high temperature can be effectively prevented, and the purity of the high-temperature alloy liquid is ensured.
The lift tube of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the inner wall and the outer wall of the metal pipe 1 are provided with uniformly distributed concave-convex structures or thread structures, so that the binding force between the metal pipe 1 and the inner ceramic lining and the outer ceramic lining can be improved, and the cracking tendency of the lift pipe in the heating process is reduced.
2. The outer ceramic lining 3 and the inner ceramic lining 4 are made of ceramic materials with linear expansion coefficients close to that of the metal pipe 1, and the ceramic lining contains refractory fibers and is excellent in thermal shock resistance.
3. The rare earth oxide coating which is stable in physical and chemical properties at high temperature is coated on the inner and outer surfaces of the liquid lifting pipe, so that the physical and chemical reactions of the high-temperature alloy liquid and the liquid lifting pipe at the temperature of more than 1300 ℃ can be effectively prevented, and the purity of the high-temperature alloy liquid is ensured.
4. The liquid lifting tube manufactured by the invention has strong high temperature resistance and does not react with alloy liquid, so that the liquid lifting tube not only can be used for antigravity casting of high-temperature alloy, but also can be used for antigravity casting of metal materials such as cast steel, cast iron and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a riser.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a metal pipe having a structure of inner and outer walls (left: concavo-convex structure, right: thread structure).
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the lift tube.
Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the lift tube.
Reference numerals: 1. the metal tube, 2, the metal disc, 3, the outer ceramic lining, 4, the inner ceramic lining, 5, the outer coating, 6 and the inner coating.
Detailed Description
The following is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
A method for manufacturing a liquid lifting pipe for high-temperature alloy antigravity casting comprises the following steps:
1) and preparing a metal tube 1 and a metal disc 2. The metal pipe 1 is made of a heat-resistant steel pipe (1Cr17), a wax pattern of the metal pipe 1 and a metal disc 2 with concave-convex structures on the inner and outer walls is prepared by a 3D printing method, and then a precision investment casting method is adopted to manufacture a heat-resistant steel pipe precision casting with the metal pipe 1 and the metal disc 2 integrated. The metal pipe 1 is subjected to a gas tightness test and can be used after no leakage under a pressure of 0.6 Mpa.
2) And manufacturing the ceramic lining of the lift tube. The refractory material powder, the refractory aggregate, the refractory fiber and the binder are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion, wherein the refractory material powder accounts for 35 wt%, the refractory aggregate accounts for 60 wt% and the refractory fiber accounts for 5 wt%. The refractory material powder is SiO2、ZrO2And ZrSiO4The refractory aggregate is magnesia sand of 60-100 meshes, the refractory fiber is alumina fiber, and the binder is water glass binder. A ceramic lining wet blank with an outer ceramic lining 3 and an inner ceramic lining 4 connected into a whole is prepared on the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the metal tube 1 by adopting a tamping mode. The thicknesses of the outer ceramic lining 3 and the inner ceramic lining 4 are both 15-25 mm. And (3) putting the metal tube 1, the metal disc 2, the outer ceramic lining 3 and the inner ceramic lining 4 in a drying box to be dried for 24 hours at the temperature of 300 ℃.
3) And manufacturing the inner and outer rare earth oxide coatings. 75 wt% of high-purity yttrium oxide powder with the size of 100-400 meshes, 23 wt% of zirconium acetate, 1 wt% of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and 1 wt% of n-octanol are uniformly stirred to prepare a coating with certain viscosity, a rare earth oxide coating with the thickness of 0.2-0.5mm is brushed on the inner wall and the outer wall of the lift tube in a brushing mode, and the coating is naturally dried.
The lift tube is subjected to sufficient natural drying and baking at 400-500 ℃. Before use, the mixture is slowly heated to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 3 ℃/min, and is used after heat preservation for 2 hours.
Example 2
A method for manufacturing a liquid lifting pipe for high-temperature alloy antigravity casting comprises the following steps:
1) and preparing a heat-resistant steel metal pipe 1 and a metal disc 2. The metal pipe 1 is made of a heat-resistant steel pipe (1Cr17), internal and external threads are machined on the inner wall and the outer wall of the heat-resistant steel pipe in a machining mode, and then the metal pipe 1 and the metal disc 2 are connected together in a welding mode. The metal pipe 1 is subjected to a gas tightness test and can be used after no leakage under a pressure of 0.6 Mpa.
2) And manufacturing the ceramic lining of the lift tube. The refractory material powder, the refractory material sand, the refractory fiber and the binder are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion, wherein the refractory material powder accounts for 40 wt%, the refractory material sand accounts for 50 wt% and the refractory fiber accounts for 10 wt%. The refractory powder being ZrO2And Al2O3The refractory aggregate is magnesia sand of 60-100 meshes, the refractory fiber is zirconia fiber, and the binder is silica sol. And preparing a ceramic lining wet blank with the outer ceramic lining 3 and the inner ceramic lining 4 connected into a whole by adopting a grouting forming mode. The thicknesses of the outer ceramic lining 3 and the inner ceramic lining 4 are both 15-25 mm. And (3) drying the metal tube 1, the metal disc 2, the outer ceramic lining 3 and the inner ceramic lining 4 in a drying box at 300 ℃ for 24 hours.
3) And manufacturing the inner and outer rare earth oxide coatings. 100-mesh 400-wt% high-purity yttrium oxide powder, 18 wt% zirconium acetate, 0.8 wt% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and 1.2 wt% n-octanol are uniformly stirred to prepare a coating, the inner wall and the outer wall of the lift tube are coated with a rare earth oxide coating with the thickness of 0.2-0.5mm, and the coating is naturally dried.
The lift tube is subjected to sufficient natural drying and baking at 400-500 ℃. Before use, the mixture is slowly heated to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 3 ℃/min, and is used after heat preservation for 2 hours.
The lift tube prepared by the embodiment has the advantages of high temperature resistance, no reaction with the alloy liquid, good thermal stability and the like, can ensure the purity of the high-temperature alloy liquid, and can be used for the antigravity casting of high-temperature alloys and the antigravity casting of metal materials such as cast steel, cast iron and the like.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a high temperature alloy counter-gravity is lift tube for casting which characterized in that: the liquid lifting pipe is respectively provided with an inner coating (6), an inner ceramic lining (4), a high-temperature resistant metal pipe (1), an outer ceramic lining (3) and an outer coating (5) from inside to outside, the top of the liquid lifting pipe is also provided with a metal disc (2), and the metal disc (2) is connected with the metal pipe (1);
the thickness of the outer ceramic lining (3) and the thickness of the inner ceramic lining (4) are both 15-25mm, and the outer ceramic lining and the inner ceramic lining are composed of 30-40 wt% of refractory powder, 50-60 wt% of refractory aggregate and 5-10 wt% of refractory fiber, and are formed by mixing a binder with a refractory material and ramming or grouting;
the refractory powder is SiO2、ZrO2、ZrSiO4、Al2O3、MgO2One or more of the refractory aggregate and the refractory fiber, wherein the refractory aggregate is magnesia sand with 60-100 meshes, and the refractory fiber is alumina fiber and/or zirconia fiber;
the manufacturing method of the outer coating (5) and the inner coating (6) comprises the following steps: 75-90 wt% of high-purity yttrium oxide powder with the size of 100 meshes, 8-23 wt% of zirconium acetate, 0.5-1 wt% of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and 0.3-1.2 wt% of n-octanol are uniformly stirred to prepare a coating, a rare earth oxide coating with the thickness of 0.2-0.5mm is coated on the inner ceramic lining and the outer ceramic lining of the lift tube in a brushing mode, and the coating is naturally dried.
2. A lift tube for antigravity casting of a superalloy as in claim 1, wherein: the metal pipe (1) is made of heat-resistant steel and has a linear expansion coefficient of 12.4-13.5 x 10-6/℃。
3. A lift tube for antigravity casting of a superalloy as in claim 1, wherein: the inner wall and the outer wall of the metal pipe (1) are provided with certain convex structures.
4. A lift tube for antigravity casting of a superalloy as in claim 1 or 3, wherein: the inner wall and the outer wall of the metal pipe (1) have a concave-convex structure or a thread structure.
5. A lift tube for antigravity casting of a superalloy as in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the metal disc (2) and the metal pipe (1) are made of the same material and are integrally formed through investment casting or connected together in a welding mode.
6. A method for manufacturing a lift tube for antigravity casting of a superalloy as in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) preparing a metal tube (1) and a metal disc (2): the metal pipe (1) is made of a heat-resistant steel pipe, the inner wall and the outer wall of the metal pipe are provided with convex structures, the upper end of the metal pipe (1) is connected with a metal disc (2) made of the same material, and the metal disc are integrally formed through casting or connected through welding;
2) preparing inner and outer ceramic linings on the inner and outer walls of the metal tube (1): the inner ceramic lining and the outer ceramic lining consist of 30-40 wt% of refractory powder, 50-60 wt% of refractory aggregate and 5-10 wt% of refractory fiber, and are formed by ramming or grouting by mixing a binder with a refractory material;
3) preparing coatings on the surfaces of the inner ceramic lining and the outer ceramic lining: 75-90 wt% of high-purity yttrium oxide powder with the size of 100 meshes, 8-23 wt% of zirconium acetate, 0.5-1 wt% of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and 0.3-1.2 wt% of n-octanol are uniformly stirred to prepare a coating, a rare earth oxide coating with the thickness of 0.2-0.5mm is coated on the inner ceramic lining surface and the outer ceramic lining surface of the riser tube by adopting a brushing mode, and the coating is naturally dried.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP4286073A1 (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-12-06 | Citic Dicastal Co., Ltd. | Riser tube coating for cast aluminum alloy and using method thereof |
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| CN113199006A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-08-03 | 江苏迅隆铝业有限公司 | Composite lift pipe for sand mold low pressure |
| CN114799130A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-07-29 | 浙江万丰精密制造有限公司 | Composite liquid lifting pipe |
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| CN1015345B (en) * | 1988-08-03 | 1992-02-05 | 鞍山钢铁公司 | Totally casting compound lift-liquid pipe and manufacturing method thereof |
| DE19639358A1 (en) * | 1996-09-25 | 1998-03-26 | Bayer Ag | Riser pipe made of sintered ceramic material for use in light metal melts |
| CN202934102U (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2013-05-15 | 西安西工大超晶科技发展有限责任公司 | Counter-gravity casting lift tube |
| CN203541492U (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-04-16 | 江苏凯特汽车部件有限公司 | Compound type liquid lifting tube for low pressure casting |
| CN104748548A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-07-01 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | High-temperature smelting pot and processing method and application thereof |
| CN104959574B (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2017-03-01 | 中钢集团洛阳耐火材料研究院有限公司 | A kind of low pressure cast steel stalk and preparation method thereof |
| CN105834399B (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2017-12-15 | 南通大学 | A kind of composite low-pressure casting stalk and preparation method thereof |
| CN106513632A (en) * | 2016-12-25 | 2017-03-22 | 吴文革 | Improved low-pressure casting liquid rising pipe |
| CN106825424B (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2019-09-24 | 佛山市南海奔达模具有限公司 | Convey the stalk of casting molten metal and its casting mould of application |
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| EP4286073A1 (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-12-06 | Citic Dicastal Co., Ltd. | Riser tube coating for cast aluminum alloy and using method thereof |
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Address after: 110000 No.17, Yunfeng South Street, Tiexi District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province Patentee after: Shenyang Foundry Research Institute Co., Ltd. of China National Machinery Research Institute Group Address before: 110000 No.17, Yunfeng South Street, Tiexi District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province Patentee before: SHENYANG RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF FOUNDRY Co.,Ltd. |