CN109937648B - Fertilization experiment table - Google Patents
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- CN109937648B CN109937648B CN201910145141.5A CN201910145141A CN109937648B CN 109937648 B CN109937648 B CN 109937648B CN 201910145141 A CN201910145141 A CN 201910145141A CN 109937648 B CN109937648 B CN 109937648B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of seeding and fertilization, and provides a fertilization experiment table, which comprises a conveying mechanism, a control mechanism and a fertilization mechanism, wherein a fertilizer outlet of the fertilization mechanism is arranged above the conveying mechanism; the control mechanism is respectively connected with the conveying mechanism and the fertilizing mechanism and used for monitoring that the seeds on the conveying mechanism are conveyed to the lower side of the fertilizing mechanism and then the fertilizing mechanism is started. The synchronous sowing and fertilizing effects of sowing and fertilizing are realized; realize intermittent type fixed point ration seeding fertilization, and then improved the utilization ratio and the seeding effect of fertilizer, simple structure, convenient operation satisfies the test and the experiment of the multiple performance of seeding fertilization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seeding and fertilizing, in particular to a fertilizing experiment table.
Background
The application of granular compound fertilizer is mainly needed for planting crops such as corn, the improvement of seeding quality and the application of reasonable fertilizer are important guarantees for aligning and strengthening seedlings. At present, most of seeding and fertilizing machines in China realize hole-fixing precision seeding, and a seeding and fertilizing mode of fertilizers is also traditional outer sheave drill seeding. The method is characterized in that an intermittent fixed-point (plant) fertilization experiment table is not available in the market, most of the experiment tables are variable fertilization experiment tables, 2F-12 variable fertilization experiment tables are developed in an important laboratory of agricultural mechanized engineering of the university of eight agricultural reclamation in Heilongjiang, fertilizer falls into a fertilizer distributor from a fertilizer box, a hydraulic motor is controlled by an electric control system to provide power for the fertilizer distributor, an initial speed of a variable fertilization control system is given by an upper computer to simulate a locomotive running speed value, so that the rotating speed of a motor of the fertilizer distributor is adjusted, and the fertilizing amount of the fertilizer distributor is adjusted in a mode of changing the running speed; the fertilizer falls in the measuring cup of the experiment table through the fertilizer outlet, and whether the fertilizer can be smoothly discharged or not is observed through the fertilizer monitoring terminal equipment.
The existing experiment table has the defects that only variable rate fertilization can be simulated, the fertilization mode is also the traditional external sheave fertilization mode, and intermittent fixed point quantitative fertilization cannot be simulated; the distance between fertilizing points, the position of a fertilizer falling distance from a seed falling point and the distribution condition of fertilizer particles cannot be visually tested; can not be linked with the seeding part and can not simulate the synchronous fixed-point seeding of seed manure.
The precision intermittent and fixed-point fertilization can reduce the fertilizer sowing quantity, improve the fertilizer utilization rate, and the change of the fertilization mode directly influences the fertilizer utilization rate and the fertilizer pollution, so that the establishment of a set of intermittent and fixed-point (plant) quantitative fertilization experiment table for researching and testing the parameters of the fertilizer fixed-point precision fertilization has very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a fertilization experiment table, which aims to solve the problem that intermittent fixed-point quantitative seeding and fertilization cannot be realized in the prior art.
The embodiment of the invention provides a fertilization experiment table, which comprises a conveying mechanism, a control mechanism and a fertilization mechanism, wherein a fertilizer outlet of the fertilization mechanism is arranged above the conveying mechanism; the control mechanism is respectively connected with the conveying mechanism and the fertilizing mechanism and used for monitoring that the seeds on the conveying mechanism are conveyed to the lower side of the fertilizing mechanism and then the fertilizing mechanism is started.
Wherein, still include sowing mechanism, sowing mechanism's seed export with fertilizing mechanism's fertilizer export is followed conveying mechanism's direction of transfer is located in order conveying mechanism top.
Wherein, fertilizing mechanism includes fertile case and fertilizer apparatus, the entry of fertilizer apparatus with the export intercommunication of fertile case, the switch of fertilizing is located the exit of fertilizer apparatus, the switch of fertilizing is located conveying mechanism's top.
Wherein, fertilizing mechanism still includes the fertilization support, be equipped with the second motor on the fertilization support, the fertilizer apparatus is installed in the fertilizer drive axle, the second motor through the driving band with the drive connection of fertilizer drive axle, the second motor with control mechanism connects for control the rotational speed of second motor, control the fertilizer amount of fertilizer apparatus.
The fertilizer discharging switch is internally provided with a fertilizer discharging baffle plate, the fertilizer discharging baffle plate is connected with an electromagnetic switch, and the electromagnetic switch is connected with the control mechanism and used for controlling the starting and stopping time of the fertilizer discharging switch.
Wherein the seeding mechanism comprises a seed box, a seed metering device and a seed guide pipe; the inlet of the seed metering device is communicated with the outlet of the seed box, the outlet of the seed metering device is communicated with the inlet of the seed guiding pipe, and the seed outlet of the seed guiding pipe is positioned above the conveying mechanism.
The seed guide pipe is provided with a seeding monitoring sensor, and the seeding monitoring sensor is connected with the control mechanism and used for monitoring the time when seeds fall onto the conveying mechanism.
The seeding mechanism further comprises a seeding support, the seeding support is installed on the conveying mechanism, a first motor is arranged on the bottom side of the seeding support, a first chain wheel is arranged at the driving end of the first motor, and the first chain wheel is connected with a second chain wheel of the seed sowing device through a chain.
The first motor is connected with the control mechanism and used for adjusting the rotating speed of the first motor and controlling the seed metering amount of the seed metering device.
Wherein the control mechanism comprises a comparator, and the comparator is connected with the conveying mechanism and the fertilizing mechanism.
According to the fertilization experiment table provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fertilizer outlet of the fertilization mechanism is arranged above the conveying mechanism, and the control mechanism controls the fertilization mechanism to fertilize when detecting that seeds are conveyed to the lower side of the fertilization mechanism, so that the synchronous sowing and fertilization effects of sowing and fertilization are realized; through the functioning speed of control mechanism control conveyer and the fertilizer injection volume of fertilizing mechanism, realize intermittent type fixed point ration seeding fertilization, and then improved the utilization ratio and the seeding effect of fertilizer, simple structure, convenient operation satisfies the test and the experiment of the multiple performance of seeding fertilization.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fertilization experiment table according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a sowing mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fertilizing mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fertilizer discharging switch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a process flow diagram of a control mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1: a transport mechanism; 2: a sowing mechanism; 21: a seed box; 22: a seed sowing device; 23: a seed guiding pipe; 24: a seeding support; 25: a seed planting monitoring sensor; 26: a first motor; 27: a first sprocket; 28: a second sprocket; 3: a fertilizing mechanism; 31: fertilizer box; 32: a fertilizer apparatus; 33: a fertilizer discharging switch; 331: a switch housing; 332: an upper fertilizer discharging port; 333: a fertilizer discharge baffle; 334: an electromagnetic switch; 335: a fertilizer outlet is arranged at the lower part; 34: a fertilizer discharging driving shaft; 35: a fertilizing support; 36: a second motor; 37: a first pulley; 38: a second pulley.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality", "plural groups" means two or more, and "several", "several groups" means one or more.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fertilization experimental bench, including a conveying mechanism 1, a control mechanism, and a fertilization mechanism 3, wherein a fertilizer outlet of the fertilization mechanism 3 is disposed above the conveying mechanism 1; the control mechanism is respectively connected with the conveying mechanism 1 and the fertilizing mechanism 3 and is used for monitoring that the fertilizing mechanism 3 is opened when seeds on the conveying mechanism 1 are conveyed to the lower side of the fertilizing mechanism 3. Specifically, seeds are placed or sowed on the conveying mechanism 1 in other modes, the control mechanism controls the conveying speed of the conveying mechanism 1, and when the control mechanism monitors that the seeds are conveyed to the lower side of the fertilizing mechanism 3, the fertilizing mechanism 3 is controlled to be opened, so that the effect of fixed-point fertilization is achieved; when the seeds are not detected, the fertilizing mechanism 3 is kept closed, and the purpose of intermittent fertilization is achieved.
In a specific embodiment, the sowing mechanism 2 is further included, the sowing mechanism 2 and the fertilizing mechanism 3 are both arranged above the conveying mechanism 1, or at least the seed outlet of the sowing mechanism 2 and the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizing mechanism 3 are positioned above the conveying mechanism 1.
And, the seed outlet and the fertilizer outlet are arranged in sequence along the conveying direction of the conveying mechanism 1. When the seeds output by the sowing mechanism 2 fall onto the conveying mechanism 1 through the seed outlet, the seeds move towards the fertilizing mechanism 3 along with the conveying piece of the conveying mechanism 1; when the seeds move to the lower part of the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizing mechanism 3, the fertilizer is discharged through the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizing mechanism 3 and falls into the position of the seeds on the conveying mechanism 1 or the position close to the position of the seeds, and the purpose of fixed-point fertilization is achieved. The linkage of the seeding mechanism 2 and the fertilizing mechanism 3 is realized, and further the synchronous seeding and fertilizing effects of seeding and fertilizing are realized.
Wherein, control mechanism is connected with sowing mechanism 2 respectively for the seed amount and the seed time of falling of control sowing mechanism 2. Realize intermittent type fixed point ration seeding fertilization, and then improved the utilization ratio and the seeding effect of fertilizer, simple structure, convenient operation satisfies the test and the experiment of the multiple performance of seeding fertilization.
Further, the sowing mechanism 2 comprises a sowing support 24, a seed box 21, a seed sowing device 22 and a seed guiding pipe 23, the sowing support 24 is installed on the upper side of the conveying mechanism 1, the seed box 21 is arranged at the upper end of the sowing support 24 and used for storing seeds to be sowed, the seed sowing device 22 is arranged at the lower side of the seed box 21 and installed on the sowing support 24, and the inlet of the specific seed sowing device 22 is communicated with the outlet of the seed box 21 so that the seeds fall into the seed sowing device 22. Seed metering ware 22's downside is located to seed metering ware 23 and is installed on seeding support 24 through the regulating part, and is concrete, seed metering ware 22's export and seed metering ware 23's entry intercommunication, and seed outlet of seed metering ware 23 is located transport mechanism 1 top, guarantees that the seed falls on transport mechanism 1, through the inclination of adjustment regulating part adjustment seed metering ware 23 to satisfy the controllable of seed drop point, realize the fixed point seeding.
Wherein, the bottom side of the seeding bracket 24 is provided with a first motor 26, the driving end of the first motor 26 is provided with a first chain wheel 27, and the first chain wheel 27 is connected with a second chain wheel 28 outside the seed sowing device 22 through a chain to realize synchronous rotation. Specifically, the first motor 26 drives the first chain wheel 27 to rotate, the first chain wheel 27 drives the second chain wheel 28 to synchronously rotate through a chain, the hopper in the seed sowing device 22 rotates, and seeds are intermittently discharged into the seed guiding pipe 23. The intermittent quantitative sowing of the seeds is realized by adjusting the rotating speed of the first motor 26. The seed guide pipe 23 is provided with a seeding monitoring sensor 25 for monitoring the passing of seeds in the seed guide pipe 23 in real time and sending the collected seeds passing information to the control mechanism.
Further, the fertilization mechanism 3 includes fertilization support 35, fertile case 31, fertilizer apparatus 32 and fertilizer discharging switch 33, fertilization support 35 is located on transport mechanism 1 for support fertilization mechanism 3, the upper end of fertilization support 35 is located to fertile case 31, be used for the storage to wait to apply fertilizer, fertilizer apparatus 32 locates the downside of fertile case 31 and installs on fertilization support 35 through fertilizer drive shaft 34, the mounted position of adjustment fertilizer apparatus 32 on fertilizer drive shaft 34 realizes the fixed point fertilization. The fertilizer discharging switch 33 is arranged at the outlet of the fertilizer discharging device 32, and the fertilizer discharging switch 33 is positioned above the conveying mechanism 1 to ensure that the fertilizer falls on the conveying mechanism 1. Specifically, the entry of fertilizer apparatus 32 communicates with the export of fertile case 31, and fertilizer in the fertile case 31 falls into the fertilizer hopper in the fertilizer apparatus 32, and under the rotation effect of fertilizer drive shaft 34, fertilizer falls into in the fertilizer hopper fertilizer switch 33, through the on-time of control fertilizer switch 33, realizes the control to the rate of fertilizer application, guarantees quantitative fertilization.
The fertilizer application bracket 35 is provided with a second motor 36, the driving end of the second motor 36 is provided with a first belt pulley 37, the first belt pulley 37 is connected with a second belt pulley 38 at the end side of the fertilizer discharge driving shaft 34 through a driving belt, so that the second motor 36 and the fertilizer discharge driving shaft 34 synchronously rotate, and quantitative fertilizer application is realized by controlling the rotating speed of the second motor 36.
Further, the fertilizer discharging switch 33 includes a switch case 331, an upper fertilizer outlet 332 of the switch case 331 communicates with an outlet of the fertilizer discharger 32, and a lower fertilizer outlet 335 of the switch case 331 is provided above the transfer mechanism 1. The switch shell 331 is internally provided with a fertilizer discharging baffle 333, the fertilizer discharging baffle 333 is connected with an electromagnetic switch 334, the position of the fertilizer discharging baffle 333 is controlled by the opening and closing of the electromagnetic switch 334, the conduction of the upper fertilizer discharging port 332 and the lower fertilizer discharging port 335 is realized, fertilizer is discharged to the position of seeds on the conveying mechanism 1, and the effect of fixed-point fertilizer application is realized.
The control mechanism comprises a comparator, the comparator is connected with the sowing monitoring sensor 25 and used for receiving signals after seeds pass through, the comparator is connected with the conveying mechanism 1 and used for receiving the running speed of the conveying mechanism 1, the comparator is connected with the first motor 26 and used for adjusting the rotating speed of the first motor 26, the comparator is connected with the second motor 36 and used for adjusting the rotating speed of the second motor 36, and the comparator is connected with the electromagnetic switch 334 through the information processing module and used for controlling the starting time of the electromagnetic switch 334. The comparator is used for receiving, determining and sending signals, for example, when the comparator receives the signal transmitted by the sowing monitoring sensor 25, the comparator sends an on signal to the electromagnetic switch 334 for a set time, the electromagnetic switch 334 receives the signal and then is turned on, and after the set time, the comparator sends an off signal to the electromagnetic switch 334, the electromagnetic switch 334 is turned off, and no signal processing process is performed in the process.
The working principle of the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
when the seeding and fertilizing operation is simulated, the conveying member of the conveying mechanism simulates ground soil, the rotating speed of the conveying member is adjusted to simulate the uniform speed advance of a locomotive, the rotating speeds of a second motor and a fertilizer discharging driving shaft of the fertilizer discharging mechanism are adjusted according to the actual fertilizer discharging amount, and the rotating speeds of a first motor and a seed sowing device of the seeding mechanism are adjusted according to the actual seeding amount, so that quantitative seeding and fertilizing are realized;
according to the physical size and the fertilizer and seed discharging performance of the seeding and fertilizing device, the fertilizer falling time t1 of a fertilizer switch on switch is obtained, the seeding monitoring sensor monitors the time t2 of seeds passing through the falling time, the length L of a row frame of a simulation machine is adjusted according to the distance between a seeding mechanism and a fertilizer discharging mechanism, then the plant spacing and the advancing speed of a conveying part are integrated, the shortest time t from the monitoring to the fertilizer switch on when the fertilizer falling point and the seed falling point are synchronous is calculated, namely the electromagnetic switch is turned on when the time t after the seeds fall is monitored, and the turning-on time of the fertilizer switch is determined according to the fertilizing amount; the sowing time interval t3 of two adjacent plants is calculated according to the plant spacing and the advancing speed, the time interval for opening the fertilizer discharging switch is t3, and a sowing monitoring sensor is arranged for feeding back and correcting the fertilizer discharging time in real time, so that the fixed-point sowing and fertilizing are realized.
The running speed of the machine tool under different speeds is simulated by changing the rotating speeds of different conveyor belts, the rotating speeds of a first motor of the seeding mechanism and a second motor of the fertilizer discharging mechanism are calibrated according to the rotating speeds of the conveyor belts so as to ensure that the rotating speeds of actual operation are completely simulated, different pulse signals are sent to a comparator according to different speeds so as to change the on-off time interval and delay of a fertilizer discharging switch, and the reliability of the scheme of intermittent fertilization is verified by simulating different running speeds.
According to the fertilization experiment table provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fertilizer outlet of the fertilization mechanism is arranged above the conveying mechanism, and the control mechanism controls the fertilization mechanism to fertilize when detecting that seeds are conveyed to the lower side of the fertilization mechanism, so that the synchronous sowing and fertilization effects of sowing and fertilization are realized; through the functioning speed of control mechanism control conveyer and fertilizing mechanism's the volume of fertilizing, realize the fixed point ration seeding fertilization, when not detecting the fertilizing mechanism downside and have the kind of a seed, fertilizing mechanism is in the closed condition, has realized the effect of intermittent type fertilization, and then has improved the utilization ratio and the seeding effect of fertilizer, simple structure, convenient operation satisfies the test and the experiment of the multiple performance of seeding fertilization.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A fertilization experiment table is characterized by comprising a conveying mechanism, a control mechanism and a fertilization mechanism, wherein a fertilizer outlet of the fertilization mechanism is arranged above the conveying mechanism; the control mechanism is respectively connected with the conveying mechanism and the fertilizing mechanism and is used for monitoring that the fertilizing mechanism is opened when seeds on the conveying mechanism are conveyed to the lower side of the fertilizing mechanism;
the seed outlet of the sowing mechanism and the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizing mechanism are sequentially arranged above the conveying mechanism along the conveying direction of the conveying mechanism;
the control mechanism is connected with the seeding mechanism, is used for monitoring the seed falling amount and the seed falling time of the seeding mechanism and controlling the transmission speed of the transmission mechanism, and when the seeds are monitored to be transmitted to the lower side of the fertilizing mechanism, the fertilizing mechanism is controlled to be opened, the opening time is controlled, and fixed-point and quantitative fertilization is realized; when the seeds are not detected, the fertilizing mechanism is kept closed, and intermittent fertilization is realized.
2. The fertilization experiment table according to claim 1, wherein the fertilization mechanism comprises a fertilizer box and a fertilizer distributor, an inlet of the fertilizer distributor is communicated with an outlet of the fertilizer box, a fertilizer switch is arranged at the outlet of the fertilizer distributor, and the fertilizer switch is positioned above the conveying mechanism.
3. The fertilization experiment table of claim 2, wherein the fertilization mechanism further comprises a fertilization support, a second motor is arranged on the fertilization support, the fertilizer distributor is mounted on a fertilizer driving shaft, the second motor is in driving connection with the fertilizer driving shaft through a driving belt, and the second motor is connected with the control mechanism and used for controlling the rotating speed of the second motor and controlling the fertilizer discharging amount of the fertilizer distributor.
4. The fertilization experiment table according to claim 2, wherein a fertilizer discharging baffle is arranged in the fertilizer discharging switch, the fertilizer discharging baffle is connected with an electromagnetic switch, and the electromagnetic switch is connected with the control mechanism and used for controlling the starting and stopping time of the fertilizer discharging switch.
5. The fertilization experiment table of claim 1, wherein the seeding mechanism comprises a seed box, a seed metering device and a seed guiding pipe; the inlet of the seed metering device is communicated with the outlet of the seed box, the outlet of the seed metering device is communicated with the inlet of the seed guiding pipe, and the seed outlet of the seed guiding pipe is positioned above the conveying mechanism.
6. The fertilization experimental bench of claim 5, wherein the seed guide tube is provided with a seeding monitoring sensor, and the seeding monitoring sensor is connected with the control mechanism and is used for monitoring the time when seeds fall onto the conveying mechanism.
7. The fertilization experiment table of claim 5, wherein the seeding mechanism further comprises a seeding bracket mounted on the conveying mechanism, a first motor is arranged on the bottom side of the seeding bracket, a first chain wheel is arranged at the driving end of the first motor, and the first chain wheel is connected with a second chain wheel of the seed sowing device through a chain.
8. The fertilization experiment table of claim 7, wherein the first motor is connected to the control mechanism for adjusting a rotational speed of the first motor to control a seed metering amount of the seed metering device.
9. The fertilization testing stand of claim 1, wherein the control mechanism comprises a comparator coupled to the transport mechanism and the fertilization mechanism.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910145141.5A CN109937648B (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | Fertilization experiment table |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910145141.5A CN109937648B (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | Fertilization experiment table |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109937648A CN109937648A (en) | 2019-06-28 |
| CN109937648B true CN109937648B (en) | 2020-10-27 |
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Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102948284B (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2015-04-22 | 安徽农业大学 | Electrically controlled plant spacing rotation knob adjusting type corn accurate-sowing fertilization machine |
| CN204154519U (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-02-11 | 重庆鑫水机械制造有限公司 | Seeder experiment table |
| CN104823581B (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2017-01-11 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | Fertilization test platform |
| CN107593048B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-07-02 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | A kind of plant essence amount interval spot application system and method |
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