CN109932116A - A kind of side friction and bottom bearing test macro and measurement method - Google Patents
A kind of side friction and bottom bearing test macro and measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109932116A CN109932116A CN201910137641.4A CN201910137641A CN109932116A CN 109932116 A CN109932116 A CN 109932116A CN 201910137641 A CN201910137641 A CN 201910137641A CN 109932116 A CN109932116 A CN 109932116A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of side friction and bottom bearing test macros, belong to civil engineering monitoring technical field, including data collecting instrument, and input terminal and bracing wire displacement meter, first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor of the data collecting instrument are respectively connected with；The bracing wire of bracing wire displacement meter is connect with concrete component upper end, measures the submergence depth of concrete component；First pressure sensor is respectively connected with concrete component and cushion block, and second pressure sensor is respectively connected with blade foot and concrete component, for testing the bottom bearing generated by blade foot.The invention also discloses its measurement methods.The present invention can not only accurately measure the side friction and bottom bearing of buried concrete component using pressure sensor, and concrete component each section of side friction in certain depth soil body can be measured, with scientific, practicability and higher measurement accuracy, it can be widely applied to open caisson construction unit and estimated as difficulty of construction judge, structural bearing capacity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of civil engineering, and in particular to a kind of side friction and bottom bearing test macro and measurement
Method.
Background technique
Sinking type concrete structure or forced concrete structure, the measurement of side friction and bottom bearing are a technology difficulties
Point.
Commonly use in the prior art measurement method there are several types of: first is that being measured with side frictional resistance and bottom bearing tester, the party
The advantages of method, is simple and fast, but is limited by own vol, can not carry out the measurement of deep layer side friction and bottom bearing；Second is that
The concrete component being pressed into arranges soil pressure sensor along depth direction, tests the soil pressure of different depth, passes through calculating
Method estimates side friction, but since confficient of static friction changes with periphery media variations, is difficult to provide an exact value, because
And the side friction estimated is also inaccuracy, while the bottom bearing of this method concrete component can not also determine；Third is that
Foil gauge is sticked in advance along depth direction on the reinforcing bar being pressed into concrete component, according to concrete component along depth direction
Stress distribution calculates side friction, the limitation that this method equally exists and bring biggish measurement error, such as paster technique
Influence, by the property placed in the middle of patch reinforcing bar, Impact direction etc., cause the uncertainty of measurement result, while concrete structure
The bottom bearing of part can not also measure.
For this purpose, it is urgent to solving practical problems to develop a kind of new side friction and bottom bearing test equipment and measurement method
In the eyebrows and eyelashes.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the purpose of the present invention is to provide the test macros of a kind of side friction and bottom bearing, by concrete
Member segments are pressed into the soil body, then can measure the top-down distribution situation of concrete component side friction by fitting, because
And can approximate calculation go out bearing capacity of the structure under a certain depth, establish the side friction of concrete component with submergence depth
Variation relation.It is a further object of the present invention to provide the measurement methods of a kind of side friction and bottom bearing.
Technical solution: to achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of side friction and bottom bearing test macro, including data collecting instrument, the input terminal of the data collecting instrument and drawing
Displacement of the lines meter, first pressure sensor and second pressure sensor are respectively connected with；The bracing wire of the bracing wire displacement meter and coagulation
Native component upper end connection, measures the submergence depth of concrete component；The first pressure sensor and concrete component and pad
Block is respectively connected with, and the second pressure sensor is respectively connected with blade foot and concrete component, is generated for testing by blade foot
Bottom bearing.
Further, the computer is connected with the output end of data collecting instrument, and computer acquires data collecting instrument
Data handled and analyzed.
Further, at external force F and the collective effect of the concrete component self weight, the concrete component,
Blade foot is pressed into soil together.
Further, the first pressure sensor is connected by bolt and concrete component and cushion block split-phase, measurement
Power is bottom bearing, the gravity of concrete component and its resultant force of side friction of blade foot；The second pressure sensor passes through
Bolt is respectively connected with blade foot and concrete component.First pressure sensor and second pressure sensor arrangement be how many and arrangement side
Formula is determined according to construction technical requirement.
Further, the bracing wire displacement meter has setting at the both ends of concrete component, for testing concrete structure
The average displacement that part sinks.
Further, hoisting ring is equipped on the cushion block, for lifting by crane concrete component to designated position and sinking
Supporting role of the initial stage to structure.
Further, the measurement method of side friction described in any one and bottom bearing test macro, including walk as follows
It is rapid:
1) firstly, concrete component is sunk to certain depth in soil, until concrete component periphery, soil, which is restored to, is connect
Nearly original state, sinks to another depth for concrete component at this time, is measured first when concrete component starts to sink respectively
The power maximum value of pressure sensor is f6, the power maximum value of second pressure sensor is f8；Thus concrete component is calculated in the depth
Side friction and bottom bearing when spending；
2) secondly, continuing to be pressed into concrete component to another depth, concrete component is equally measured in the side of the depth
Frictional resistance and bottom bearing, so segmentation indentation concrete component is until reaching desired depth.Every one section of sinking reaches one newly
Depth when just obtain concrete component in the side friction and bottom bearing of the depth, and so on obtain in entire submergence depth
Side friction and bottom bearing with change in depth relationship, bottom bearing when obtaining concrete component at an arbitrary position by being fitted,
Side friction and they with depth distribution situation.
Further, when the concrete component is in depth h, the power that corresponding first pressure sensor measures is maximum
Value is f6, the power maximum value that second pressure sensor measures is f8；The gravity of concrete component is G, then concrete under depth h
The side friction f of componenthTo express formula (I):
fh=(f8-f6-G)λ (I)；
Expressing λ in formula (I) is side friction correction factor.
Further, when the concrete component submerges in soil completely not yet, concrete component is in h1Position
It sets, it is f that side friction at this time, which is calculated, according to expression formula (I)1, as concrete component sinking △ h to h2When, according to expression formula
(I) h is calculated2Position side friction is f2, then concrete component sink △ h when side friction increment △ f0For expression
Formula (II):
△f0=f2-f1 (II)。
Further, when it is h that the concrete component upper end, which is in subsurface depth, then every indentation △ h, side is rubbed
The increment △ f of resistance2To express formula (III):
△f2=fh+△h-fh+△f1(III)；
It expresses in formula (III): △ f1For the side friction that concrete component depth is between h and h+ △ h；△f2To be mixed
Side friction of the solidifying soil component depth between h+H and h+ △ h+H, H is the height of concrete component；fh+△hFor concrete component
The side friction suffered by entirety when depth is h+ △ h；fhThe side friction for being concrete component when depth is h；Pass through side
Frictional resistance calculates concrete component side friction with the relation curve of change in depth: by the bottom bearing of different depth and △ f2Value with
The corresponding relationship of depth h is linked to be curve, can calculate side friction of the concrete component under any depth by this curve,
It thus can determine that ultimate bearing capacity of the concrete component under the depth.
The utility model has the advantages that compared with prior art, the test macro of side friction of the invention and bottom bearing, using directly survey
Amount method surveys the side friction of concrete component, avoids the measurement side frictional resistances such as arrangement foil gauge, side wall installation pressure sensor
The problems such as stability brought by power is poor, dyscalculia, low precision, also avoiding being measured with side friction tester cannot reflect
The problem of practical concrete component working condition, cannot be introduced into the subterranean zone measurement as deep as several meters.The present apparatus utilizes pressure
Sensor can not only accurately measure the side friction and bottom bearing of buried concrete component, and can measure concrete component at certain
Each section of side friction in the depth soil body, thus arbitrary shape concrete component is held in a certain depth in any soil body of deducibility
The side friction received.The measurement method of of the invention a kind of side friction and bottom bearing, compared to for theoretical calculation, this method tool
There is higher scientific and applicability, it is also possible to make buried concrete member stress state and monitor on-line for a long time, can answer extensively
It is judged for open caisson construction unit as difficulty of construction, structural bearing capacity is estimated.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is side friction and bottom bearing test system structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is concrete component indentation schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 side friction is with change in depth schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further explained in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1-3, appended drawing reference are as follows: computer 1, data collecting instrument 2, bracing wire displacement meter 3, cushion block 4, hoisting ring 5,
First pressure sensor 6, concrete component 7, second pressure sensor 8, blade foot 9 and soil 10.
The test macro of a kind of side friction and bottom bearing, including data collecting instrument 2, the output end of data collecting instrument 2 with
Computer 1 is connected, the input terminal and bracing wire displacement meter 3, first pressure sensor 6 and second pressure sensor 8 of data collecting instrument 2
It is respectively connected with.
The bracing wire of bracing wire displacement meter 3 is connect with 7 upper end of concrete component, measures the submergence depth of concrete component 7.
First pressure sensor 6 is separately connected concrete component 7 and cushion block 4, second pressure sensor 8 respectively with blade foot 9
And concrete component 7 is connected with bolt, detachably；Under the collective effect that external force F and concrete component 7 are self-possessed, concrete structure
Part 7, blade foot 9 are pressed into soil 10 together.
As shown in Fig. 2, concrete component is pressed into schematic diagram, when concrete component 7 is when a certain position is applied a power,
It is transferred to motion state from stationary state, at this moment first pressure sensor 6 and second pressure sensor 8 can measure a maximum pressure
Value, it is static after concrete component 7 moves downward distance △ h, when periphery soil 10 enters metastable state, then apply one
A power is on concrete component 7, until movement, at this moment first pressure sensor 6 and second pressure sensor 8 can measure another
Maximum pressure value, by can be calculated the side friction of h sections of component sinking △, submergence depth is smaller, and time of repose is longer, week
Soil disturbance in side is smaller, and measurement result is more accurate.Indentation concrete component 7 just obtains different depth step by step from top to bottom in order
Under side friction distribution.
As shown in figure 3, side friction and bottom bearing are with change in depth schematic diagram, wherein curve A is side friction with depth
Change curve, curve B are bottom bearing with depth change curve.By the side frictional resistance of the different depth in soil 10 of concrete component 7
As soon as power is linked to be a curve, side friction is obtained with the relation curve of change in depth, for concrete component 7, when knowing
Any one depth hxWhen, corresponding side friction fxIt determines immediately.On the other hand, when knowing any depth area of concrete component 7
Between h1、h2When, the side friction value △ f in corresponding section is also known.Since the bottom bearing of concrete component 7 can be by direct
Measurement obtains, as soon as taking the maximum value and suitable correction factor of side friction, obtains entire concrete component 7 any deep
Bearing capacity under degree.
The measurement method of a kind of side friction and bottom bearing, includes the following steps:
When beginning, under the Gravitative Loads of concrete component, concrete component 7, sinking control speed are sling by crane
With depth.When side friction and the self weight of bottom bearing and concrete component reach balance, external force indentation need to be applied.No matter which kind of feelings
Condition data extraction system can record size and the direction that pressure sensor 6 measures power.
Concrete component 7 is pressed into or sunk in soil 10 naturally (because of the effect of self weight, when beginning need not reinforcing can sink
Enter in soil) certain depth.Due to be measured be concrete component 7 side friction, because periphery soil 10 is in blade foot
It is disturbed under dissection, a period of time need to be stood, the time of repose is depending on the property of soil and environmental aspect, until coagulation
Native 7 periphery soil of component, 10 approximation returns to original state, and at this moment starts concrete component 7 sinking to another depth, point
The maximum pressure value for not measuring first pressure sensor 6 and second pressure sensor 8 is f6、f8, indentation depth is obtained by calculation
Spend the increment △ f of lower side friction, and so on, can measure side friction that concrete component 7 is entirely sunk in soil 10 with
Bottom bearing；The distance that concrete component 7 sinks every time is shorter, and the time of standing is longer, and the side friction value of test is more accurate；Such as
This segmentation indentation concrete component is sunk in soil until all.
When concrete component 7 is generally in below ground, will continue to sink if necessary, it is known that reach projected depth, often
Sink one section the side friction and bottom bearing for just obtaining the sinking section, and so on obtain in entire submergence depth side friction and
Relationship of the bottom bearing with change in depth, thus side friction when obtaining concrete component part 7 at an arbitrary position；
3) side friction calculates
When concrete component 7 is in a certain depth h, the maximum value that corresponding first pressure sensor 6 measures power is f6, the
The maximum value that two pressure sensors 8 measure power is f8, the gravity of concrete component 7 is G, then concrete component 7 under the depth
Side friction are as follows:
fh=(f8-f6-G)λ
λ is side friction correction factor in above formula, with concrete component 7 to periphery soil level of disruption in process of press in
And soil medium characteristic is related, when concrete component 7 is in a certain position time of repose long enough, when its periphery soil 7 conserves
Time long enough, then λ is approximately 1；
Concrete component submerges the calculating of the side friction increment in soil completely not yet:
When concrete component 7 submerges in soil completely not yet, it is in h1When position, side friction at this moment is f1, when
7 sinking △ h to h of concrete component2When, side friction at this moment is f2, then concrete component sink △ h when side friction
Increment △ f0Are as follows:
△f0=f2-f1
Side friction incremental computations when concrete component is generally in below ground:
When concrete component upper end is in subsurface h depth, then every indentation △ h, the increment △ f of side friction2Are as follows:
△f2=fh+△h-fh+△f1
In above formula: △ f1For the side friction that depth on concrete component is between h and h+ △ h；△f2For for concrete structure
Side friction of the depth between h+H and h+ △ h+H on part, H are the height of concrete component；fh+△hIt is concrete component in depth
Side friction suffered by entirety when degree is h+ △ h；fhThe side friction for being concrete component when depth is h.
7 side friction of concrete component is calculated with the relation curve of change in depth by side friction:
By the △ f of different depth2The corresponding relationship of value and depth is linked to be a curve shown in Fig. 3, passes through this curve
Side friction and bottom bearing of the concrete component 7 under any depth can be calculated, thus can determine that the concrete component at this
Ultimate bearing capacity under depth.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of side friction and bottom bearing test macro, it is characterised in that: including data collecting instrument (2), the data collecting instrument
(2) input terminal is respectively connected with bracing wire displacement meter (3), first pressure sensor (6) and second pressure sensor (8)；It is described
The bracing wire of bracing wire displacement meter (3) connect with concrete component (7) upper end, measure the submergence depth of concrete component (7)；It is described
First pressure sensor (6) be respectively connected with concrete component (7) and cushion block (4), the second pressure sensor (8) with
Blade foot (9) and concrete component (7) are respectively connected with.
2. side friction according to claim 1 and bottom bearing test macro, it is characterised in that: the computer (1)
It is connected with the output end of data collecting instrument (2).
3. side friction according to claim 1 and bottom bearing test macro, it is characterised in that: in external force F and described
Under the collective effect of concrete component (7) self weight, the concrete component (7), blade foot (9) are pressed into soil (10) together
In.
4. side friction according to claim 1 and bottom bearing test macro, it is characterised in that: the first pressure passes
Sensor (6) is respectively connected with by bolt with concrete component (7) and cushion block (4)；The second pressure sensor (8) passes through spiral shell
Bolt is respectively connected with blade foot (9) and concrete component (7).
5. side friction according to claim 1 and bottom bearing test macro, it is characterised in that: the bracing wire displacement meter
(3) there is setting at the both ends of concrete component (7).
6. side friction according to claim 4 and bottom bearing test macro, it is characterised in that: in the cushion block (4)
It is equipped with hoisting ring (5).
7. special using the measurement method of side friction and bottom bearing test macro described in any one of claim 1-6
Sign is: including the following steps:
1) firstly, concrete component (7) is sunk to certain depth in soil (10), concrete component (7) periphery soil is waited until
(10) it returns to original state, concrete component (7) is sunk into another depth at this time, measure concrete component (7) respectively
The power maximum value of first pressure sensor (6) is f when starting to sink6, the power maximum value of second pressure sensor (8) is f8；Thus
Calculate the side friction and bottom bearing of concrete component (7) in the depth；
2) secondly, continuing to be pressed into concrete component (7) to another depth, concrete component (7) is equally measured in the depth
Side friction and bottom bearing, so segmentation indentation concrete component (7) is until reaching desired depth；Every one section of sinking reaches one
Concrete component (7) is just obtained when a new depth in the side friction and bottom bearing of the depth, and so on obtain it is entire under
Side friction and bottom bearing obtain concrete component (7) at an arbitrary position by fitting with the relationship of change in depth in heavy depth
When bottom bearing, side friction and they with depth distribution situation.
8. the measurement method of side friction according to claim 7 and bottom bearing test macro, it is characterised in that: step 2)
In, when the concrete component (7) is in depth h, the gravity of concrete component (7) is G, then concrete under depth h
The side friction f of component (7)hTo express formula (I):
fh=(f8-f6-G)λ (I)；
Expressing λ in formula (I) is side friction correction factor.
9. the measurement method of side friction according to claim 8 and bottom bearing test macro, it is characterised in that: step 1)
In, when the concrete component (7) is not sunk to completely in soil and in h1When position, calculated according to expression formula (I)
It is f to side friction at this time1, as concrete component (7) sinking △ h to h2When, side at this time is calculated according to expression formula (I) and is rubbed
Resistance is f2, then side friction variable quantity △ f when concrete component (7) sinking △ h0To express formula (II):
△f0=f2-f1 (II)。
10. the measurement method of side friction according to claim 8 and bottom bearing test macro, it is characterised in that: work as institute
The concrete component (7) stated sinks to subsurface completely, when being in depth h, then every indentation △ h, the variable quantity △ of side friction
f2To express formula (III):
△f2=fh+△h-fh+△f1(III)；
It expresses in formula (III): △ f2It in depth is the side friction between h+H and h+ △ h+H for concrete component (7), H is
The height of concrete component (7)；△f1For the side friction that concrete component (7) depth is between h and h+ △ h；fh+△hIt is mixed
Solidifying soil component (7) side friction suffered by entirety when depth is h+ △ h；fhIt rubs the side for being concrete component when depth is h
Resistance；Concrete component (7) side friction is calculated with the relation curve of change in depth by side friction: by the △ of different depth
f2The corresponding relationship of value and depth h are linked to be curve, can calculate concrete component (7) under any depth by this curve
Side friction and bottom bearing, thus can determine that the ultimate bearing capacity of the concrete component (7) under the depth.
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| CN109932116B (en) | 2020-12-11 |
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