CN109922981A - 用于机动车的动力传动设备、相应的机动车及用于运行动力传动设备的方法 - Google Patents

用于机动车的动力传动设备、相应的机动车及用于运行动力传动设备的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109922981A
CN109922981A CN201780068775.4A CN201780068775A CN109922981A CN 109922981 A CN109922981 A CN 109922981A CN 201780068775 A CN201780068775 A CN 201780068775A CN 109922981 A CN109922981 A CN 109922981A
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China
Prior art keywords
power device
couple
shaft
transmission
power
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CN201780068775.4A
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English (en)
Inventor
A·雷尔
T·卡拉米热
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/02—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/344—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear
    • B60K17/346—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear the transfer gear being a differential gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H48/36—Differential gearings characterised by intentionally generating speed difference between outputs
    • F16H2048/364—Differential gearings characterised by intentionally generating speed difference between outputs using electric or hydraulic motors
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车(1)的动力传动设备(12)，其包括第一动力装置(13)、第二动力装置(14)以及与机动车(1)的第一车轮驱动轴(8)能联接或相联接的第一传动轴(15)和/或与机动车的第二车轮驱动轴(10)能联接或相联接的第二传动轴(17)，第一动力装置(13)和第二动力装置(14)共同地与第一传动轴(15)和/或第二传动轴(16)能联接。在此提出，第二动力装置(14)经由分离离合器(26)与第一动力装置(13)、与同第一动力装置(13)相联接的变速器(19)的变速器输出轴(20)、与同第二传动轴(17)能联接或相联接并且同第一动力装置(13)能联接或相联接的传递轴(22)、与在输入侧同第一动力装置(13)能联接或相联接的差速器(27)的差速器输出轴(28)或与同第一传动轴(15)相联接并且借助于切换接合装置(23)同传递轴(22)能联接的中间轴(30)能联接。本发明还涉及一种具有动力传动设备(12)的机动车(1)以及用于运行动力传动设备(12)的方法。

Description

用于机动车的动力传动设备、相应的机动车及用于运行动力 传动设备的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的动力传动设备，其包括第一动力装置、第二动力装置以及与机动车的第一车轮驱动轴能联接或相联接的第一传动轴和/或与机动车的第二车轮驱动轴能联接或相联接的第二传动轴，第一动力装置和第二动力装置共同地与第一传动轴和/或第二传动轴能联接。本发明还涉及机动车及用于运行动力传动设备的方法。
背景技术
动力传动设备用于驱动机动车，也就是提供用于驱动机动车的转矩。动力传动设备具有第一动力装置和第二动力装置。这两个动力装置，即第一动力装置和第二动力装置，原则上可以是同类型的、也可以是不同类型的。在不同类型的情况下，动力传动设备例如是混合动力动力传动设备。可以提出的是，第一动力装置构造为内燃机、而第二动力装置构造为电机。
动力传动设备具有恰好一个或多个传动轴，即第一传动轴和/或第二传动轴。这两个传动轴中的每一个都与机动车的其中一个车轮驱动轴能联接或者相联接，在后一种情况下优选是刚性和/或持久地联接。车轮驱动轴，即第一车轮驱动轴和第二车轮驱动轴，可以被分派给机动车的不同的车桥或者被分派给相同的车桥。通过每个车轮驱动轴可以驱动机动车的至少一个车轮或者借助于动力传动设备驱动机动车的相应车桥。例如，在此相应的车轮刚性和/或持久地与车轮驱动轴相联接。
机动车可以仅具有第一车轮驱动轴或至少一个第一车轮驱动轴或仅具有第二车轮驱动轴或至少一个第二车轮驱动轴。就此而言，仅能驱动机动车的一个车桥。因此，仅存在第一传动轴或第二传动轴。替代地也可以是，存在第一车轮驱动轴和第二车轮驱动轴或至少一个第一车轮驱动轴和至少一个第二车轮驱动轴，从而能驱动机动车的多个车桥。因此，不仅存在第一传动轴，而且存在第二传动轴。如果在本说明书的范围内提出其中存在两个车轮驱动轴或两个传动轴的构型，则该构型始终是可以考虑用于如下的替代构型的，其中仅存在第一车轮驱动轴或第二车轮驱动轴以及相应地仅存在第一传动轴或第二传动轴。
当然也可以提出，经由其中至少一个车轮驱动轴或经由两个车轮驱动轴能相应地驱动机动车的多个车轮、特别是同一车桥的多个车轮。在后一种情况下，例如不是仅第一车轮驱动轴与第一传动轴相联接或能联接，而是还有另外的第一车轮驱动轴。优选地，在这种情况下第一车轮驱动轴和另外的车轮驱动轴经差速器与第一传动轴相联接。第一车轮驱动轴和另外的第一车轮驱动轴在此例如属于机动车的同一车桥，即与该车桥的不同车轮相联接。第二传动轴和第二车轮驱动轴同样如此。也可以设有另外的车轮驱动轴。
如果动力传动设备尚未安装在机动车中，亦即与之分离地设置，则对于两个车轮驱动轴优选的是，其与相应的车轮驱动轴能联接。在动力传动设备安装在机动车中之后，优选地传动轴分别与相应的车轮驱动轴相联接。如果一个装置与另一装置能联接，则应当理解为：在它们之间仅暂时地存在——特别是选择性地建立或中断的——作用连接。而一个装置与另一装置相联接，则优选理解为：在它们之间存在持久的和/或刚性的耦合。
发明内容
本发明旨在解决的技术问题是：提出一种用于机动车的动力传动设备，其与已知的动力传动设备相比具备优势，特别是在大量的运行状态下、特别是在实现单桥驱动和/或实现多桥驱动时能实现机动车的节能驱动。
根据本发明，该技术问题利用具有权利要求1的特征的动力传动设备解决。在此提出，第二动力装置经由分离离合器与第一动力装置、与同第一动力装置相联接的变速器的变速器输出轴、与同第二传动轴能联接或相联接并且同第一动力装置能联接或相联接的传递轴、与在输入侧同第一动力装置能联接或相联接的差速器的差速器输出轴或与同第一传动轴相联接并且借助于切换接合装置同传递轴能联接的中间轴能联接。
在此处描述的动力传动设备的范围内，第一动力装置和第二动力装置共同地与第一传动轴和/或第二传动轴能联接，亦即与第一传动轴、与第二传动轴或与二者能联接。这意味着，在动力传动设备的至少一个运行模式中，两个动力装置共同地与第一传动轴、第二传动轴或二者相联接。另外可以规定，第一动力装置与第二动力装置相独立地与第一传动轴能联接或者相联接。在这种情况下，第一动力装置可以相应地与第一传动轴相联接，而同时第二动力装置与第一传动轴脱开。
第一动力装置和/或变速器的变速器输出轴优选与传递轴相联接或能联接。在第一种情况下，存在持久的作用连接，而在后一种情况下该作用连接可被中断。例如，在第一动力装置或变速器输出轴一方与传递轴一方之间存在第一切换接合装置，从而在第一切换接合装置的第一切换位置中，第一动力装置与第一传动轴间的作用连接被中断，而在第二切换位置中至少部分地、但优选刚性地建立该作用连接。
传递轴又优选与第二传动轴相联接或能联接。在第一种情况下传递轴持久地与第二传动轴作用连接。而在后一种情况下其能与第二传动轴脱开，为此例如在传递轴与第二传动轴之间设有第二切换接合装置。因此，在第二切换接合装置的第一切换位置中，在传递轴与第二传动轴间的作用连接可以中断，而在第二切换位置中该作用连接可以又至少部分地、优选刚性地被建立。
传递轴例如形式为铰接轴、例如万向节轴。就此而言，第一车轮驱动轴优选被分派给机动车的第一车桥，该第一车轮驱动轴不是经由传递轴、而是在绕过传递轴的情况下能联接到或联接到第一动力装置，而第二传动轴被分派给与第一车桥不同的第二车桥。例如第一车桥的形式为机动车的前桥，而第二车桥的形式为机动车的后桥，或反之。
第二动力装置经由分离离合器连接到第一动力装置、变速器输出轴、传递轴、差速器输出轴或中间轴。这意味着，在分离离合器的第一切换位置中，第二动力装置与相应另一装置之间的作用连接被中断，而在第二切换位置中该作用连接至少部分地、但优选刚性地被建立。借助于分离离合器，第二动力装置就此而言能完全与相应的装置脱开。
分离离合器例如是力锁合的离合器或优选是形锁合的离合器。力锁合的离合器特别是构造为膜片式离合器，而形锁合的离合器特别是构造为牙嵌式离合器、套筒式离合器等。在任意情况下，分离离合器都能实现第二动力装置与第一传动轴和/或第二传动轴的完全脱开，即与经分离离合器能与之连接的相应装置完全脱开。该相应装置在此即第一动力装置、变速器输出轴、传递轴、差速器输出轴或中间轴。
变速器优选理解为可换挡变速器，借助于该可换挡变速器可设定从多个档位中选出的挡位，及相应的特定的传动比。可换挡变速器优选设置在第一动力装一方与第一传动轴和/或第二动力装置和/或传递轴和/或差速器输出轴一方之间。另外，可以在第一动力装置与变速器之间存在起动离合器。起动离合器可以当然也可以集成在变速器中。
差速器优选是中间差速器。差速器的差速器输入轴优选与第一动力装置能耦合，例如经由变速器或可换挡变速器。差速器的第一差速器输出轴与第一传动轴能联接或者相联接，第二差速器输出轴与第二传动轴能联接或者相联接。上述的差速器输出轴现在可以或者是第一差速器输出轴或者是第二差速器输出轴，优选其对应于第一差速器输出轴。
在已知的动力传动设备中例如规定，第一动力装置经由上述的起动离合器与第二动力装置能联接，以及经由其与车轮驱动轴中的一个或多个或所有车轮驱动轴能联接。在此可以提出，在第二动力装置与至少一个车轮驱动轴之间的作用连接中设置所述可换挡变速器，借助于该可换挡变速器可以设定从多个挡位中选出的挡位。就此而言，第二动力装置始终与传动轴联接，而第一动力装置借助于起动离合器可以被选择性地接入。
这也意味着，第二动力装置始终被带动，即使不需要为机动车提供驱动转矩时也是如此。为此特别是必要的是，第二动力装置设置为适用于所有借助于第一动力装置能实现的转速，这可能导致第二动力装置的构型相对较大。出于此原因现在提出，借助于分离离合器使第二动力装置与动力传动设备的其它原件脱开。
这意味着，仅当传动轴之一或两个传动轴借助于第二动力装置驱动时，第二动力装置才与传动轴之一相联接或被联接。在单桥驱动中，例如借助于第二动力装置仅驱动其中一个传动轴。但也可以进行动力传动设备的多桥驱动，其中为两个传动轴提供驱动转矩，优选不仅借助于第一动力装置而且借助于第二动力装置提供驱动转矩。在后一种情况下，优选第一动力装置和第二动力装置都分别与第一传动轴和第二传动轴联接。
因此例如可以提出，仅针对机动车的一定的转速范围和/或行驶速度范围来设计第二动力装置，其落入多桥驱动的范围内。因此例如可能的是，与已知构型的第二动力装置相比，可以针对更低的最大转速来设计第二动力装置，因而第二动力装置可以构造为明显更小。如果在第一动力装置和第二动力装置之间存在变速器或可换挡变速器，则在确定最大转速时，考虑该变速器或可换挡变速器。
第二动力装置优选与变速器输出轴和/或传递轴共轴布置。另外与变速器输出轴和/或传递轴并排地布置也是可行的，特别是与变速器输出轴和/或传递轴轴线平行地布置也是可行的。
本发明的另一实施方式提出，第一动力装置借助于第一切换接合装置与传递轴能联接，该传递轴与第二传动轴联接或经由第二切换接合装置与第二传动轴能联接。上面已经就这种构型做出了说明。借助于两个切换接合装置，即第一切换接合装置和第二切换接合装置，传递轴能完全地与第一动力装置脱开、并且能完全地与第二传动轴脱开。
因此可以提出，如果不借助于第一动力装置驱动第二传动轴和/或在驱动第二传动轴不借助于第一动力装置期间，使传递轴保持静止。因此，可以节省下在相反的情况(传递轴不保持静止)下为维持传递轴的转动运动而必要的驱动功率，这种驱动功率在相反的情况(传递轴不保持静止)下必须由第一动力装置和/或经由第二驱动轴来提供。这种构型就此而言实现了一定程度的节能，这是因为不仅第二驱动轴与第一动力装置能联接，而且传递轴也是如此。
在本发明的另一构型的范围内提出，第二动力装置经由分离离合器与第一切换接合装置的就第一动力装置而言存在的输入侧能联接。第一切换接合装置的输入侧就此而言与传递轴相背并且相应地与之选择性地脱开或与之联接。第一切换接合装置的输入侧与第一动力装置和/或与变速器输出轴相联接或至少能联接。分离离合器在此位于第二动力装置与第一切换接合装置的输入侧之间，从而第二动力装置能借助于分离离合器直接与第一切换接合装置的输入侧相连接。
本发明的另一优选实施方式提出，差速器的差速器输出轴与第一传动轴相联接，特别是经由另外的差速器。差速器输出轴就此而言相当于上述的第一差速器输出轴，其与第一传动轴相联接，优选持久地联接。在差速器输出轴与第一传动轴之间的作用连接可以经由该另外的差速器提供，该另外的差速器例如构造为车桥差速器。
在本发明的另一实施方式的范围内可以提出，差速器的另外的差速器输出轴与传递轴相联接或能联接。该另外的差速器输出轴就此而言相当于上述的第二差速器输出轴，经由其能建立与第二传动轴的作用连接。为此该另外的差速器输出轴与传递轴相联接或能联接。在第一种情况下，该另外的差速器输出轴刚性和/或持久的与传递轴相联接，而在后一种情况下，例如第一切换接合装置位于该另外的差速器输出轴与传递轴之间。
而后，在本发明的一优选实施例中可以提出，第一动力装置和/或变速器的变速器输出轴与传递轴相联接，第一传动轴经由第一切换接合装置、而第二动力装置经由分离离合器和第一切换接合装置与传递轴能联接。在这种情况下，第一动力装置和/或变速器输出轴刚性和/或持久地与传递轴连接。另外，第一传动轴应当经由第一切换接合装置与传递轴能联接。
在此，第二动力装置经由分离离合器和第一切换接合装置与传递轴能联接。因此，如果第二动力装置连接到传递轴或与之作用连接，则该作用连接经由分离离合器和第一切换接合装置存在，即仅仅经由其存在。因此，如果不仅分离离合器接合、而且第一切换接合装置接合，至少部分地或完全地接合，则第二动力装置仅与传递轴作用连接。
本发明还涉及一种机动车，其具有动力传动设备，该动力设备特别是根据上述权利要求中任一项或多项所述动力传动设备，动力传动设备具有第一动力装置、第二动力装置以及与机动车的第一车轮驱动轴相联接的第一传动轴和/或与机动车的第二车轮驱动轴相联接的第二传动轴，第一动力装置和第二动力装置共同地与第一传动轴和/或第二传动轴能联接。在此提出，第二动力装置经由分离离合器与第一动力装置、与同第一动力装置相联接的变速器的变速器输出轴、与同第二传动轴能联接或相联接并且同第一动力装置能联接或相联接的传递轴、与在输入侧同第一动力装置能联接或相联接的差速器的差速器输出轴、或与同第一传动轴相联接并且借助于切换接合装置同传递轴能联接的中间轴能联接。
机动车或动力传动设备的这种构型的优点在上面已经指出。机动车和动力传动设备都可以根据上述实施方式进行改进，就此而言参见以上说明。
本发明还涉及一种用于运行动力传动设备、特别是根据上述权利要求所述动力传动设备的方法，动力传动设备具有第一动力装置、第二动力装置以及与机动车的第一车轮驱动轴能联接或相联接的第一传动轴和/或与机动车的第二车轮驱动轴能联接或相联接的第二传动轴，第一动力装置和第二动力装置共同地与第一传动轴和/或第二传动轴能联接。在此提出，能使第二动力装置经由分离离合器与第一动力装置、与同第一动力装置相联接的变速器的变速器输出轴、与同第二传动轴能联接或相联接并且同第一动力装置能联接或相联接的传递轴、与在输入侧同第一动力装置能联接或相联接的差速器的差速器输出轴或与同第一传动轴相联接并且借助于切换接合装置同传递轴能联接的中间轴联接。
这种构型或这种方案的优点及可能的改进方案仍可参照上述实施方式。
在本发明的另一实施例的范围内提出，在第一运行模式中，使第二动力装置与第一传动轴相联接并且与第二传动轴脱开，和/或在第二运行模式中，使第二动力装置与第一传动轴和第二传动轴相联接。在第一运行模式中，就此而言第二动力装置仅用于驱动第一传动轴，而与第二传动轴的作用连接被中断。而附加或替代地提出的第二运行模式中，第一传动轴和第二传动轴都借助于第二动力装置驱动。
而后，本发明的另一实施例可以提出：在第二动力装置的转速超过转速限值时，转换到第三运行模式，在该第三运行模式中使分离离合器分离以使第二动力装置脱开。如果机动车的行驶速度超过确定的最大行驶速度并且相应地转速超过转速限值或最大转速，则应当为保护第二动力装置而使之与动力传动设备的其它元件脱开，即通过使分离离合器分离使之脱开。如果机动车的行驶速度低于该最大行驶速、并因此转速低于转速限值，则可以使分离离合器至少部分地、优选完全地再次接合以使第二动力装置重新被接入。
附图说明
下面参照附图所示的实施例对本发明进行详细说明，但以下说明不对本发明造成限制。在此:
图1示出具有第一实施例的动力传动设备的机动车的示意图，
图2示出具有第二实施例的动力传动设备的机动车的示意图，
图3示出具有按第三实施例构造的动力传动设备的机动车的上述示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出示意图机动车1，其具有两个车桥2、3，每个车桥2、3各具有两个车轮4、5以及6、7，所述车轮分别与一个车轮驱动轴8、9、10或11相联接，特别是刚性联接。机动车1具有动力传动设备12，其具有第一动力装置13和第二动力装置14。另外动力传动设备12具有第一传动轴15、另外的第一传动轴16以及第二传动轴17、另外的第二传动轴18。在此处所示的实施例中，第一传动轴15与车轮驱动轴8相联接、另外的第一传动轴16与车轮驱动轴9相联接、第二传动轴与车轮驱动轴10相联接、另外的第二传动轴18与车轮驱动轴11相联接，特别是刚性联接。
应当指出的是，传动轴15、16、17、18是动力传动设备12的组成部分，而车轮驱动轴8、9、10、11则属于机动车1的未进一步示出的底盘并且因此不属于动力传动设备12的组成部分。而在动力传动设备12安装在机动车1上的情况下，传动轴15、16、17、18则与车轮驱动轴8、9、10、11相连接或与之联接。
第一动力装置13与变速器19、例如可换挡变速器相联接。在其与第一动力装置13相背的一侧，变速器19具有变速器输出轴20。变速器输出轴20优选刚性并持久地与传动轴15、16相联接，例如经由车桥差速器21相联接。而在第一动力装置13与变速器19之间可以设置一离合器，特别是起动离合器。因此，第一动力装置13与第一传动轴15、16能联接，即经由变速器19和通常设置的起动离合器能联接。特别是当第一动力装置13构造为内燃机时设置该起动离合器。而在第一动力装置构造为电机或类似物的构型中则不必设置这样的起动离合器。
动力传动设备12还具有传递轴22，其一方面借助于第一切换接合装置23，与第一动力装置13或至少变速器输出轴20能联接，该第一切换接合装置可以构造为膜片式离合器。在传递轴22的与第一切换接合装置23相背的一侧，该传递轴经由第二切换接合装置24与第二传动轴17能联接。第二切换接合装置24可以构造为牙嵌式离合器、也可以同样构造为膜片式离合器。在此处所示的实施例中，传递轴22经由差速器25，特别是车桥差速器与第二传动轴17、18相联接或能联接。传递轴22就此而言构造为差速器输入轴。
差速器25的差速器输出轴经由第二切换接合装置24与第二传动轴17能联接，其使一另外的差速器输出轴与另外的第二传动轴18优选刚性并持久地相联接。在第二切换接合装置24分离的情况下，就此而言——至少在理想的无摩擦的情况下——传递轴22与第二传动轴17、18、但至少与第二传动轴17脱开。
显然地，在切换接合装置23接合的情况下，第一动力装置13不仅与第一传动轴15相联接、而且与第二传动轴16相联接。而第二动力装置14经由分离离合器26与变速器输出轴20能联接，该分离离合器可以构造为膜片式离合器、牙嵌式离合器或套筒离合器。在分离离合器26分离的情况下，就此而言第二动力装置14与动力传动设备12的其它元件脱开，即特别是与变速器输出轴20脱开。就此而言第二动力装置14可选择性地接入。
因此，可以在分离离合器26分离的同时借助于第一动力装置13独自实现机动车1的单桥驱动和多桥驱动，即通过相应地使切换接合装置23和24分离或接合来实现。在单桥驱动和多桥驱动中都可以借助于第二动力装置14为第一动力装置13提供辅助，为此分离离合器26至少部分地，优选完全地接合。
在一替代实施方式中，不设置传递轴22、差速器25、第二切换接合装置24以及两个第二传动轴17、18，从而就此而言仅机动车1的第一车桥2是可驱动的。
图2以另一示意图示出机动车1，其中动力传动设备12以第二实施例的形式存在。该第二实施例原理上与上述实施例相同，因此可以参照相应的描述并且下文中仅就不同之处作出说明。不同之处主要在于，不存在切换接合装置23、24，并且替代地传递轴22经由差速器27连接到第一动力装置13或变速器输出轴20。变速器输出轴20就此而言是差速器27的差速器输入轴。
差速器27是中间差速器。第一差速器输出轴28与第一传动轴15或两个第一传动轴15、16连接，即优选经由车桥差速器21连接。而差速器27的第二差速器输出轴29与传递轴22刚性连接或形成该传递轴。在此，第二动力装置14借助于分离离合器26与第一差速器输出轴28能联接，即优选刚性能联接。
图3示出机动车1，其具有第三实施例形式的动力传动设备12。在此仍参照上述实施方式并且仅指出不同之处、特别是与第二实施例的不同之处。不同之处在于，代替差速器27，设置第一切换接合装置23。在此第一动力装置13或变速器输出轴20刚性和/或持久地与传递轴22相联接。经由第一切换接合装置23，第一传动轴15或两个第一传动轴15、16与传递轴22能联接。因此，第一传动轴15传动轴15、16与中间轴30相联接，特别是刚性和/或持久地联接，优选经由车桥差速器21联接。中间轴30又借助于第一切换接合装置23与传递轴22能联接。
分离离合器26在此在其与第二动力装置14相背的一侧连接到传递轴22。因此，在第一切换接合装置分离并且分离离合器26接合的情况下，第二传动轴17或两个第二传动轴17、18可以与第二动力装置14相联接，但同时与第一动力装置13脱开。
替代地可以提出，第二动力装置14借助于分离离合器26同样与中间轴30能联接。这意味着，在第一切换接合装置23分离并且分离离合器26接合的情况下，第一传动轴15或两个第一传动轴15、16与第二动力装置14相联接，但同时与第一动力装置13脱开。
在一替代实施方式中，不设置第一切换接合装置23、差速器21及两个第一传动轴15、16，从而就此而言仅机动车1的第二车桥3是可驱动的。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于机动车(1)的动力传动设备(12)，其包括第一动力装置(13)、第二动力装置(14)以及与机动车(1)的第一车轮驱动轴(8)能联接或相联接的第一传动轴(15)和/或与机动车的第二车轮驱动轴(10)能联接或相联接的第二传动轴(17)，第一动力装置(13)和第二动力装置(14)共同地与第一传动轴(15)和/或第二传动轴(16)能联接，其特征在于，第二动力装置(14)经由分离离合器(26)与第一动力装置(13)、与同第一动力装置(13)能联接或相联接的变速器(19)的变速器输出轴(20)、与同第二传动轴(17)能联接或相联接并且同第一动力装置(13)能联接或相联接的传递轴(22)、与在输入侧同第一动力装置(13)能联接或相联接的差速器(27)的差速器输出轴(28)或与同第一传动轴(15)相联接并且借助于切换接合装置(23)同传递轴(22)能联接的中间轴(30)能联接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力传动设备，其特征在于，第一动力装置(13)借助于第一切换接合装置(23)与传递轴(22)能联接，该传递轴与第二传动轴(17)相联接或经由第二切换接合装置(24)与第二传动轴(17)能联接。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的动力传动设备，其特征在于，第二动力装置(14)经由分离离合器(26)与第一切换接合装置(23)的就第一动力装置(13)而言存在的输入侧能联接。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的动力传动设备，其特征在于，差速器(25)的差速器输出轴(28)与第一传动轴(15)相联接，特别是经由另外的差速器(21)。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的动力传动设备，其特征在于，差速器(27)的另外的差速器输出轴(29)与传递轴(22)相联接或能联接。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的动力传动设备，其特征在于，第一动力装置(13)和/或变速器(19)的变速器输出轴(20)与传递轴(22)相联接，第一传动轴(15)经由第一切换接合装置(23)、第二动力装置(14)经由分离离合器(26)和第一切换接合装置(23)与传递轴(22)能联接。
7.一种具有动力传动设备(12)的机动车(1)，该动力设备特别是根据上述权利要求中任一项或多项所述动力传动设备(12)，动力传动设备(12)具有第一动力装置(13)、第二动力装置(14)以及与机动车(1)的第一车轮驱动轴(8)相联接的第一传动轴(15)和/或与机动车(1)的第二车轮驱动轴(10)相联接的第二传动轴(17)，第一动力装置(13)和第二动力装置(14)共同地与第一传动轴(15)和/或第二传动轴(16)能联接，其特征在于，
第二动力装置(14)经由分离离合器(26)与第一动力装置(13)、与同第一动力装置(13)相联接的变速器(19)的变速器输出轴(20)、与同第二传动轴(17)能联接或相联接并且同第一动力装置(13)能联接或相联接的传递轴(22)、或与在输入侧同第一动力装置(13)能联接或相联接的差速器的差速器输出轴(28)或与同第一传动轴(15)相联接并且借助于切换接合装置(23)同传递轴(22)能联接的中间轴(30)能联接。
8.一种用于运行动力传动设备(12)、特别是根据上述权利要求中任一项或多项所述动力传动设备(12)的方法，动力传动设备(12)具有第一动力装置(13)、第二动力装置(14)以及与机动车(1)的第一车轮驱动轴(8)能联接或相联接的第一传动轴(15)和/或与机动车的第二车轮驱动轴(10)能联接或相联接的第二传动轴(17)，第一动力装置(13)和第二动力装置共同地与第一传动轴(15)和/或第二传动轴(17)能联接，其特征在于，能使第二动力装置(14)经由分离离合器(26)与第一动力装置(13)、与同第一动力装置(13)相联接的变速器(19)的变速器输出轴(20)、与同第二传动轴(17)能联接或相联接并且同第一动力装置(13)能联接或相联接的传递轴(22)、与在输入侧同第一动力装置(13)能联接或相联接的差速器(27)的差速器输出轴(28)或与同第一传动轴(15)相联接并且借助于切换接合装置(23)同传递轴(22)能联接的中间轴(30)联接。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，在第一运行模式中，使第二动力装置(14)与第一传动轴(15)相联接并且与第二传动轴(17)脱开，和/或在第二运行模式中，使第二动力装置(14)与第一传动轴(15)和第二传动轴(17)相联接。
10.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在第二动力装置(14)的转速超过转速限值时，转换到第三运行模式，在该第三运行模式中使分离离合器(26)分离以使第二动力装置(14)脱开。
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