CN109922980A - 用于混合动力车辆的变速器组件和驱动装置 - Google Patents

用于混合动力车辆的变速器组件和驱动装置 Download PDF

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CN109922980A
CN109922980A CN201780065803.7A CN201780065803A CN109922980A CN 109922980 A CN109922980 A CN 109922980A CN 201780065803 A CN201780065803 A CN 201780065803A CN 109922980 A CN109922980 A CN 109922980A
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transmission
speed changer
input shaft
transmission assembly
clutch
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CN109922980B (zh
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J·拉默斯
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4808—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox output shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • F16H3/725—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/021—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings toothed gearing combined with continuous variable friction gearing
    • F16H37/022—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings toothed gearing combined with continuous variable friction gearing the toothed gearing having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0806—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • F16H37/0826—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts with only one output shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/06—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H48/08—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion comprising bevel gears
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

用于具有内燃机(3)和电机(4)的混合动力车辆(2)的变速器组件(1)，电机(4)的第一驱动扭矩(5)和内燃机(3)的第二驱动扭矩(6)能通过变速器组件(1)传递到混合动力车辆(2)的至少一个驱动轴(7、17)，变速器组件(1)具有至少一个负载换档变速器(8)和加法变速器(9)以及第一变速器输入轴(10)和第二变速器输入轴(11)，第一驱动扭矩(5)能从被电机(4)驱动的第一变速器输入轴(10)出发直接传递到加法变速器(9)；第二驱动扭矩(6)能从由内燃机(3)驱动的第二变速器输入轴(11)出发通过负载换档变速器(8)传递到加法变速器(9)；驱动扭矩(5、6)能通过加法变速器(9)传递到至少一个驱动轴(7)。

Description

用于混合动力车辆的变速器组件和驱动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于混合动力车辆的变速器组件。混合动力车辆包括用于驱动混合动力车辆的内燃机和电机。在此，将电机和内燃机的驱动扭矩传递到至少一个驱动轴上，其中，通过所述至少一个驱动轴能够驱动混合动力车辆的车轮。
背景技术
这种变速器组件由“FEV ePGS——超紧凑混合动力驱动”已知。在这种变速器组件中，内燃机和电机的驱动扭矩在加法变速器中合并。实施为行星轮变速器的加法变速器布置在能够按负载换档的变速器(例如自动变速器、CVT变速器、双离合器变速器)之前。由此，电机的驱动扭矩也通过负载换档变速器传递到加法变速器上。由此，在此不存在用于电机的直接路径，从而使得电机总是必须一起负担负载换档变速器的(摩擦)损失。
发明内容
由此出发，基于本发明的任务是至少部分地解决由现有技术已知的问题。尤其应提出一种替代的变速器组件，通过该变速器组件尽可能地将功率损失最小化。
该任务通过独立权利要求1的特征解决。有利的扩展方案是从属权利要求的主题。在权利要求中单独列出的特征能够以技术上有意义的方式彼此组合，并且能够通过由本说明书阐明的事实和附图的细节进行补充，其中示出了本发明的其他实施变型。
本发明涉及一种用于具有内燃机和电机的混合动力车辆的变速器组件，其中，所述电机的第一驱动扭矩和所述内燃机的第二驱动扭矩能够通过所述变速器组件传递到所述混合动力车辆的至少一个驱动轴上。所述变速器组件包括至少一个负载换档变速器和加法变速器以及第一变速器输入轴和第二变速器输入轴，其中，所述第一驱动扭矩能够从被所述电机驱动的第一变速器输入轴出发直接传递到所述加法变速器上；其中，所述第二驱动扭矩能够从被所述内燃机驱动的第二变速器输入轴出发通过所述负载换档变速器传递到所述加法变速器；其中，所述驱动扭矩能够通过所述加法变速器传递到所述至少一个驱动轴上。
因此在此提出：第二驱动扭矩仅通过负载换档变速器传递到加法变速器上。因此，第一驱动扭矩不通过负载换档变速器传递，而是从旁边经过负载换档变速器(直接)传递到加法变速器上。
任何能换档的变速器能够作为负载换档变速器使用，即，例如自动变速器、双离合变速器和优选地CVT(Continuous Variable Transmission)变速器作为负载换档变速器。
尤其变速器输入轴能够通过传动变速器(例如齿轮对)与电机或内燃机连接。
所述电机尤其具有定子和转子，其中，转子抗扭转地与第一变速器输入轴连接。
抗扭转在此尤其意味着一部件的旋转总是引起与其抗扭转地连接的其他部件的旋转。
内燃机尤其抗扭转地与第二变速器输入轴连接，因此不能够通过例如离合器产生能切换的连接。优选地，在内燃机或内燃机的曲轴和第二驱动轴之间布置有扭振减振器。
优选地，加法变速器是具有至少一个太阳轮、行星架和空心轮的行星轮变速器；其中，第一变速器输入轴通过空心轮与加法变速器连接，并且第二变速器输入轴通过太阳轮与加法变速器连接。这尤其意味着，通过第一变速器输入轴导入到变速器组件中的第一驱动扭矩通过空心轮传递到加法变速器中。通过第二变速器输入轴导入到变速器组件中的第二驱动扭矩通过负载换档变速器并且还通过太阳轮传递到加法变速器中。
根据另一构型，加法变速器是具有至少一个太阳轮、行星架和空心轮的行星轮变速器；其中，第一变速器输入轴通过太阳轮与加法变速器连接，并且第二变速器输入轴通过空心轮与加法变速器连接。这尤其意味着，通过第一变速器输入轴导入到变速器组件中的第一驱动扭矩通过太阳轮传递到加法变速器中。通过第二变速器输入轴导入到变速器组件中的第二驱动扭矩通过负载换档变速器并且还通过空心轮传递到加法变速器中。
原则上，变速器输入轴中的一个也能够通过行星架与加法变速器连接。在这种情况下，相应的另一个变速器输入轴在此通过太阳轮或空心轮与加法变速器连接。
尤其加法变速器是具有至少一个太阳轮、行星架和空心轮的行星轮变速器；其中，所述行星架构成差速器的壳体，其中，通过所述差速器能够驱动第一驱动轴和第二驱动轴。
尤其驱动轴的旋转轴线和差速器的壳体的旋转轴线彼此同轴地布置。尤其加法变速器因此与差速器同轴地布置，由此实现了变速器组件的特别节省空间的实施方式。
根据另一有利构型，变速器组件具有第一离合器，用于将第一变速器输入轴以能切换的方式与第二变速器输入轴连接。因此第一变速器输入轴和第二变速器输入轴能够通过第一离合器抗扭转地相互连接。在此，第一离合器尤其不直接布置在第一变速器输入轴和第二变速器输入轴之间，而是布置在两个部件之间，所述两个部件中的一个部件抗扭转地与第一变速器输入轴连接，而另一部件抗扭转地与另一变速器输入轴连接。
尤其加法变速器是具有至少一个太阳轮、行星架和空心轮的行星轮变速器，其中，第一离合器将太阳轮和空心轮以能切换的方式互相(抗扭转地)连接。在此，第一离合器也能够将部件：太阳轮、行星架和空心轮中的另外两个部件互相抗扭转地连接。
尤其第一离合器是公知的摩擦离合器，例如是多片式离合器。尤其液压地或电地操作第一离合器，然而明确的是不限于这种操作。
尤其变速器组件包括第二离合器，第一变速器输入轴能够通过该第二离合器与变速器组件的变速器壳体抗扭转地连接。
尤其变速器组件包括第三离合器，第二变速器输入轴能够通过该第三离合器与变速器组件的变速器壳体抗扭转地连接。
第二离合器和第三离合器尤其不直接布置在相应的变速器输入轴和变速器壳体之间，而是布置在两个部件之间，所述两个部件中的一个部件抗扭转地与相应的变速器输入轴连接，而另一部件抗扭转地与变速器壳体连接。
第二离合器和第三离合器能够实施成第一离合器那样。第二离合器和第三离合器也能够实施为所谓的爪形离合器，其不通过摩擦锁合的连接而是通过形状锁合的连接构造抗扭转的连接。
如果操作(即闭合)第二离合器和第三离合器，则不仅第一变速器输入轴不能运动而且第二变速器输入轴也不能运动。因而能够实现驻车制动器/停止制动器的功能，从而在混合动力车辆中不需要单独的驻车制动器。
尤其加法变速器是具有至少一个太阳轮、行星架和空心轮的行星轮变速器，其中，至少第二离合器或第三离合器布置在行星轮变速器上，并且部件：太阳轮、行星架和空心轮之一抗扭转地与变速器壳体连接。
尤其第一变速器输入轴通过固定的第一传动装置与加法变速器连接。
尤其负载换档变速器通过固定的第二传动装置与加法变速器连接。
还提出一种用于混合动力车辆的驱动装置，所述驱动装置至少包括电机、内燃机和如上所述的变速器组件，其中，所述内燃机持久地抗扭转地与所述负载换档变速器连接。因此，内燃机抗扭转地与第二变速器输入轴连接，而不能够通过例如离合器产生能切换的连接。优选地，在内燃机或内燃机的曲轴和第二驱动轴之间布置有扭振减振器。
通过在此说明的变速器组件得出以下用于变速器组件和驱动装置的运行可行性：
(1)电动式行驶：仅将第一驱动扭矩传递到至少一个驱动轴；在此，尤其操作第三离合器，使得第二变速器输入轴抗扭转地与变速器壳体连接。第二变速器输入轴的转速对应于零。
(2)内燃机式行驶：仅将第二驱动扭矩传递到至少一个驱动轴；在此，尤其将第二离合器闭合(操作)，使得第一变速器输入轴抗扭转地与变速器壳体连接。第一变速器输入轴的转速对应于零。
(3)内燃机式起动：通过内燃机驱动第二变速器输入轴；尤其第二离合器和第三离合器断开(未操作)；通过电机在另一旋转方向上(即反向地)驱动第一变速器输入轴，使得电机作为发电机起作用；通过电机调节第一变速器输入轴的转速，使得至少一个驱动轴停止(转速为零)；然后第一变速器输入轴的由于电机产生的转速朝零转速的方向减小，从而加速至少一个驱动轴。
(4)混合动力行驶：尤其第二离合器和第三离合器断开(未操作)；
a.助推：电机的第一驱动扭矩和内燃机的第二驱动扭矩的被整流并通过加法变速器合并。
b.余热利用：电机的第一驱动扭矩和内燃机的第二驱动扭矩彼此相反，并且通过内燃机驱动电机。
c.调节运行点：在混合动力车辆的选择的速度(至少一个驱动轴的转速)上能够通过负载换档变速器的(所选择的、可变的)传动比率以及通过电机和内燃机的功率比率设置运行点。
(5)启动内燃机：受控地闭合第一离合器并且断开可能是闭合的第三离合器；通过由电机提供的第一驱动扭矩并且通过继续闭合第一离合器使第二变速器输入轴加速(并因而使内燃机的曲轴加速)；电机在内燃机的起动期间补偿第一离合器的力矩。
(6)反向起动：仅将第一驱动扭矩传递到至少一个驱动轴；在此，尤其操作第三离合器，使得第二变速器输入轴抗扭转地与变速器壳体连接。第二变速器输入轴的转速对应于零。
驱动装置的实施方式同样适用于变速器组件，反之亦然。
附图说明
下面参考附图更详细阐明本发明以及技术环境。应注意，本发明不应受所示实施例限制。尤其除非另有明确说明，也能够提取在附图中阐明的事实的子方面，并与本说明书和/或附图的其它组成部分和知识相组合。尤其应注意，附图并且尤其所示出的尺寸比例仅是示意性的。相同的附图标记表示相同的对象，从而必要时能够补充性地考虑其他附图的阐述。其示出了：
图1：具有驱动装置的混合动力车辆的示意性视图；
图2：变速器组件的示意性侧视图；和
图3：根据图2的变速器组件的示意性纵向视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了具有驱动装置22的混合动力车辆2的示意图。该驱动组件包括电机4、内燃机3和变速器组件1。电机4的第一驱动扭矩5和内燃机3的第二驱动扭矩6能够通过变速器组件1传递到混合动力车辆2的驱动轴7上。变速器组件1包括负载换档变速器8和加法变速器9以及第一变速器输入轴10和第二变速器输入轴11。第一驱动扭矩5能够从被电机4驱动的第一变速器输入轴10出发直接传递到加法变速器9上。第二驱动扭矩6能够从被内燃机3驱动的第二变速器输入轴11出发通过负载换档变速器8传递到加法变速器9上。驱动扭矩5、6能够通过加法变速器9传递到驱动轴7上。
内燃机3持久地抗扭转地与负载换档变速器8连接。因此，内燃机3抗扭转地与第二变速器输入轴11连接，而不能够通过例如离合器产生能切换的连接。在内燃机3或内燃机3的曲轴和第二驱动轴11之间布置有扭振减振器23。
加法变速器9是具有太阳轮12、行星架13和空心轮14的行星轮变速器。
变速器组件1具有第一离合器18，用于将第一变速器输入轴10以能切换的方式与第二变速器输入轴11连接。第一变速器输入轴10和第二变速器输入轴11能够通过第一离合器18抗扭转地互相连接。能切换的第一离合器18将太阳轮12和空心轮14彼此连接。
变速器组件1还包括第二离合器19，第一变速器输入轴10能够通过所述第二离合器与变速器组件1的变速器壳体20抗扭转地连接。变速器组件1包括第三离合器21，第二变速器输入轴11能够通过所述第三离合器与变速器组件1的变速器壳体20抗扭转地连接。第二离合器19和第三离合器21不直接布置在相应的变速器输入轴10、11和变速器壳体20之间，而是布置在两个部件之间，所述两个部件中的一个部件抗扭转地与相应的变速器输入轴10、11连接，而另一部件抗扭转地与变速器壳体20连接。
图2示出了变速器组件1的示意性的侧视图。变速器组件1包括负载换档变速器8和加法变速器9以及第一变速器输入轴10和第二变速器输入轴11。变速器输入轴10、11布置成彼此同轴。第一驱动扭矩5能够从被电机4驱动的第一变速器输入轴10出发直接传递到加法变速器9上。第二驱动扭矩6能够从被内燃机3驱动的第二变速器输入轴11出发通过负载换档变速器8传递到加法变速器9上。驱动扭矩5、6能够通过加法变速器9传递到驱动轴7上。在此，使用CVT(Continuous Variable Transmission)变速器作为负载换档变速器，其中，第一锥盘对29通过链30或皮带与第二锥盘对31连接。
加法变速器9是具有太阳轮12、行星架13和空心轮14的行星轮变速器。第一变速器输入轴10通过第一传动装置27与加法变速器9的空心轮14连接，并且第二变速器输入轴11通过太阳轮12与加法变速器9连接。这意味着，通过第一变速器输入轴10导入到变速器组件1中的第一驱动扭矩5通过空心轮14传递到加法变速器9中。通过第二变速器输入轴11导入到变速器组件1中的第二驱动扭矩6通过负载换档变速器8并且还通过太阳轮12传递到加法变速器9中。
第一变速器输入轴10通过固定的第一传动装置27与加法变速器9连接。负载换档变速器8通过固定的第二传动装置28与加法变速器9连接。
变速器组件1包括第二离合器19，第一变速器输入轴10能够通过所述第二离合器与变速器组件1的变速器壳体20抗扭转地连接。变速器组件1包括第三离合器21，第二变速器输入轴11能够通过所述第三离合器与变速器组件1的变速器壳体20抗扭转地连接。第二离合器19布置在变速器壳体20和空心轮14之间。第三离合器21布置在变速器壳体20和太阳轮12之间。
图3示出了根据图2的变速器组件1的示意性传递纵向视图。在此，这涉及翻转的视图。例如，第一传动装置27和空心轮14的齿轮互相直接啮合，这应该通过虚线示出。参考图2的实施方式。电机4具有定子26和转子25，其中，转子25抗扭转地与第一变速器输入轴10连接。使用CVT(Continuous Variable Transmission)变速器作为负载换档变速器，其中，第一锥盘对29通过链30或皮带与第二锥盘对31连接。
内燃机3持久地抗扭转地与负载换档变速器8连接。因此，内燃机3抗扭转地与第二变速器输入轴11连接，而不能够通过例如离合器产生能切换的连接。在内燃机3或内燃机3的曲轴和第二驱动轴11之间布置有扭振减振器23。
加法变速器9是具有太阳轮12、行星架13和空心轮14的行星轮变速器。第一变速器输入轴10通过第一传动装置27与加法变速器9的空心轮14连接，并且第二变速器输入轴11通过负载换档变速器8、第二传动装置28和太阳轮12与加法变速器9连接。这意味着，通过第一变速器输入轴10导入到变速器组件1中的第一驱动扭矩5通过空心轮14传递到加法变速器9中。通过第二变速器输入轴11导入到变速器组件1中的第二驱动扭矩6通过负载换档变速器8并且还通过太阳轮12传递到加法变速器9中。
在此，通过负载换档变速器8和加法变速器9(更精确地说是太阳轮12)之间的齿轮对实现第二传动装置28。在此，齿轮例如通过链互相连接，这应该通过虚线表示。
行星架13构成差速器16的壳体15，其中，通过差速器16能够驱动第一驱动轴7和第二驱动轴17。通过第一驱动轴7和第二驱动轴17驱动混合动力车辆的共同的轴的车轮。驱动轴7、17的旋转轴线和差速器16的壳体15的旋转轴线24彼此同轴地布置。
第一离合器18将太阳轮12和空心轮14以能切换的方式(抗扭转地)彼此连接。第一离合器实施为公知的摩擦离合器，在此实施为多片式离合器。以液压的方式操作第一离合器18。
附图标记列表
1 离合器组件
2 混合动力车辆
3 内燃机
4 电机
5 第一驱动扭矩
6 第二驱动扭矩
7 第一驱动轴
8 负载换档变速器
9 加法变速器
10 第一变速器轴
11 第二变速器轴
12 太阳轮
13 行星架
14 空心轮
15 壳体
16 差速器
17 第二驱动轴
18 第一离合器
19 第二离合器
20 变速器壳体
21 第三离合器
22 驱动装置
23 扭振减振器
24 旋转轴线
25 转子
26 定子
27 第一传动装置
28 第二传动装置
29 第一锥盘对
30 链
31 第二锥盘对。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于具有内燃机(3)和电机(4)的混合动力车辆(2)的变速器组件(1)，其中，通过所述变速器组件(1)能够将所述电机(4)的第一驱动扭矩(5)和所述内燃机(3)的第二驱动扭矩(6)传递到所述混合动力车辆(2)的至少一个驱动轴(7、17)上，其中，所述变速器组件(1)具有至少一个负载换档变速器(8)和加法变速器(9)以及第一变速器输入轴(10)和第二变速器输入轴(11)，其中，所述第一驱动扭矩(5)能够从被所述电机(4)驱动的第一变速器输入轴(10)出发直接传递到所述加法变速器(9)上；其中，所述第二驱动扭矩(6)能够从被所述内燃机(3)驱动的第二变速器输入轴(11)出发通过所述负载换档变速器(8)传递到所述加法变速器(9)上；其中，通过所述加法变速器(9)能够将所述驱动扭矩(5、6)传递到所述至少一个驱动轴(7)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器组件(1)，其中，所述加法变速器(9)是具有至少一个太阳轮(12)、行星架(13)和空心轮(14)的行星轮变速器；其中，所述第一变速器输入轴(10)通过所述空心轮(14)与所述加法变速器(9)连接，并且所述第二变速器输入轴(11)通过所述太阳轮(12)与所述加法变速器连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的变速器组件(1)，其中，所述加法变速器(9)是具有至少一个太阳轮(12)、行星架(13)和空心轮(14)的行星轮变速器；其中，所述第一变速器输入轴(10)通过所述太阳轮(12)与所述加法变速器(9)连接，并且所述第二变速器输入轴(11)通过所述空心轮(14)与所述加法变速器连接。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器组件(1)，其中，所述加法变速器(9)是具有至少一个太阳轮(12)、行星架(13)和空心轮(14)的行星轮变速器；其中，所述行星架(13)构成差速器(16)的壳体(15)，其中，通过所述差速器(16)能够驱动第一驱动轴(7)和第二驱动轴(17)。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器组件(1)，其中，所述变速器组件(1)具有第一离合器(18)，用于将所述第一变速器输入轴(10)以能切换的方式与所述第二变速器输入轴(11)连接。
6.根据权利要求5所述的变速器组件(1)，其中，所述加法变速器(9)是具有至少一个太阳轮(12)、行星架(13)和空心轮(14)的行星轮变速器，其中，所述第一离合器(18)将所述太阳轮(12)和所述空心轮(14)以能切换的方式彼此连接。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器组件(1)，其中，所述变速器组件(1)包括第二离合器(19)，所述第一变速器输入轴(10)能够通过所述第二离合器与所述变速器组件(1)的变速器壳体(20)抗扭转地连接。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器组件(1)，其中，所述变速器组件(1)包括第三离合器(21)，所述第二变速器输入轴(11)能够通过所述第三离合器与所述变速器组件(1)的变速器壳体(20)抗扭转地连接。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的变速器组件(1)，其中，所述加法变速器(9)是具有至少一个太阳轮(12)、行星架(13)和空心轮(14)的行星轮变速器，其中，至少所述第二离合器(19)或所述第三离合器(21)布置在所述加法变速器(9)上并且将部件：太阳轮(12)、行星架(13)和空心轮(14)之一抗扭转地与所述变速器壳体(20)连接。
10.一种用于混合动力车辆(2)的驱动装置(22)，至少包括内燃机(3)、电机(4)和根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器组件(1)，其中，所述内燃机(3)持久地抗扭转地与负载换档变速器(8)连接。
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