CN109917108A - A kind of three-dimensional similar material model experiment device and method for simulating seam mining - Google Patents
A kind of three-dimensional similar material model experiment device and method for simulating seam mining Download PDFInfo
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- CN109917108A CN109917108A CN201910304220.6A CN201910304220A CN109917108A CN 109917108 A CN109917108 A CN 109917108A CN 201910304220 A CN201910304220 A CN 201910304220A CN 109917108 A CN109917108 A CN 109917108A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of three-dimensional similar material model experiment device and methods for simulating seam mining, including frame structure, hydraulic loaded control assembly, monitoring assembly；The present invention controls uniformly distributed loading system implementation model space stress field simulation using digital intelligent, effectively reduce the influence of boundary effect, realize true stress boundary loading condition, using analog material space Excavation simulation technology, realize the exploitation simulation of confined space working face analog material, realize to stope space stress during exploitation and overlying strata space migration rule real-time monitoring solve the measurement problem of three-dimensional similar material simulation experiment by polynary monitoring system；Data record and storage are controlled by computer, reduce experimenter's workload.Entire experimental provision is easy to use, and labor intensity is small, and measurement accuracy is high, has been greatly facilitated the use of three-dimensional similar simulation experimental.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal seam similar material simulation experiment more particularly to it is a kind of simulation seam mining three
Tie up similar material model experiment device and method.
Background technique
Equivalent material simulating is geotechnical engineering and mining engineering main experimental method, has become domestic and international progress in recent years
One of great indispensable method of rock mass engineering project feasibility study.Similar material simulation experiment is to utilize similar material in laboratory
Material makes similar with scene according to live histogram and coal and rock physico-mechanical properties according to the theory of similarity and similarity criterion
Then model carries out simulation exploitation；Simulation recovery process in, continuously monitored by detecting instrument top plate motion conditions and
Abutment pressure distribution situation；According to the measured result in model, and similarity criterion is utilized, calculates or the anti-scene under this condition that pushes away is opened
Roof moves regulation, distributing discipline of abutment pressure when adopting and the correlation between subsidence, to be provided for scene
Decision-making foundation.
Due to the complexity for geological conditions of digging up mine, mining problem is mostly large deformation and Discontinuous Deformation problem, and current
Computer Numerical Simulation solves discontinuous large deformation problem there is also limitation, is unable to adopt under the reflection actual conditions of complete and accurate
The strata movement situation due to caused by adopting during mine.The stratification on physics similar material simulation experiment analog stratum etc. is no
Continuous surface can also be caving the Discontinuous Deformations such as movement, and simulation process according to likelihood ratio excavation simulation, especially simulation rock stratum
It is visual in image controllable, there is advantage to the rock movement of research mining active process, play an important role in mining engineering research.
In the research of overlying strata movement law, two-dimensional model is generally used, arranges foil gauge or model in a model
Observation point is arranged in surface, then is observed by observation devices such as high speed camera, total stations to strata movement, these methods for
Two-dimentional similar material model is with strong applicability, but is difficult to directly apply to three-dimensional equivalent material simulating device.It is in the prior art
Three-dimensional analog simulation pilot system, though deepened underground excavation project progress of research to a certain extent, there are it is following not
Foot:
(1) Most models size is smaller, mostly uses rigid load greatly, it is difficult to realize uniformly distributed load, answer with Practical Project
There are difference for power distribution, and part test adds confining pressure to the physical process of design load step by step using after first excavating, with practical work
There are essential distinctions for journey process；
(2) it is needed in experimentation with the tools hand excavation such as clink coal seam, large labor intensity, and overlying rock is disturbed
It is larger, it excavates inaccurate；
(3) experiment is excavated since a certain boundary, big by Boundary Condition Effect, can not achieve confined space exploitation；
(4) its strata movement of similarity simulation experiment occurs inside model, and previous observation method can not directly obtain rock
Layer running parameter.
Summary of the invention
Based on the above the deficiencies in the prior art, technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a kind of simulation seam mining
Three-dimensional similar material model experiment device and method, uniformly distributed loading system implementation model space is controlled using digital intelligent and is answered
Field of force simulation, effectively reduces the influence of boundary effect, realizes the exploitation simulation of confined space working face analog material.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: the present invention provides a kind of simulation
The three-dimensional similar material model experiment device of seam mining, including frame structure, hydraulic loaded control assembly, monitoring assembly；
The frame structure include the frame body being made of bottom plate, column and baffle and be located at the frame it is intracorporal
For simulating the rock-soil layer of similar material model, the rock-soil layer be followed successively by from bottom to top lower coal seam, horizon d, upper coal seam, every
Water layer, water-bearing layer, drift-sand unconsolidated formation；
The hydraulic loaded control assembly includes force transmitting board, flat jack and hydraulic loaded control platform, for realizing model
It is uniform loaded；
The monitoring assembly includes that test probe inside material model, p-wire and miniature are extend by steel pipe
Pressure sensor, linear displacement transducer, miniature webcam, computer, for the data monitoring of experiment, collection and storage.
Optionally, the frame structure is the cube of boring, and the column is fabricated using square tube, described vertical
Column rectangular array is perpendicular to horizontal EDS maps；
The bottom plate is one piece of rectangular metal plate, and four angles of the bottom plate and four edges all have rectangular notch, described
The rectangular notch at four angles of bottom plate is welded with four root thickness columns respectively；Two equidistant arrangements are welded between the four root thickness column
Thin column；The bottom plate is parallel to horizontal plane and hanging arrangement；
The bottom of the bottom plate is welded with test-bed.
Further, the baffle includes multiple side baffles, multiple front aprons and visual glass rear baffle；
The front apron and side baffle are made of channel steel, and the channel steel two sides are provided with channel steel screw hole, the length of channel steel
It is consistent with the overall width of the bottom plate；The visual glass rear baffle is used to observe the sinking variation of each rock stratum in seam mining
With crack development, two sides open up fixation hole, and the aperture of the fixation hole is consistent with channel steel screw hole, the visual glass
Rear baffle is fixed by the channel-section steel baffle of fixation hole and two sides.
Optionally, with the replacement of flat jack structure, the flat jack structure is that multiple flat jacks are connected in series in the upper coal seam,
All hydraulic pillow is together in series by each flat jack tensioning screw by the screw hole above and below flat jack section, Mei Gesuo
The height for stating flat jack is substituted the thickness in coal seam by test；
The lower coal seam is connected to one by several screws and bottom plate with jack structure substitution, jack
It rises, the exploitation in simulation coal seam is realized by the way that the layback power device on the outside of the frame structure is arranged in.
Optionally, the rock-soil layer is followed successively by jack structure, horizon d, the substitution for substituting lower coal seam from bottom to top
The flat jack structure of day-coal, water barrier, water-bearing layer, drift-sand unconsolidated formation；
The water-bearing layer is mainly laid with by coarse sand, gypsum, chalk powder；
The water barrier is mainly laid with by cohesive soil, fine sand, gypsum, chalk powder and edible oil；The horizon d master
It to be laid with by gypsum, chalk powder, fine sand；
Multiple micro pressure sensors are placed with according to spacing equal part in the horizon d.
Further, the test probe includes the first test probe and the second test probe, and the p-wire is first
P-wire and the second p-wire, the steel pipe is formed by connecting using the identical short steel pipes rotation of diameter, and the steel pipe can lead to
The joint number of control short steel pipes is crossed to control length of steel pipe；
The steel duct is provided with push rod, and the push rod is combined by the identical thin iron staff of diameter and is formed by connecting, described to push away
The bottom end of bar is welded with round push jack；
The shape of the test probe is a back taper aluminum alloy drum, in the side wall of the back taper aluminum alloy drum
On be welded with tip elastic slice, the tip elastic slice forms barb on the back taper aluminum alloy drum.
Optionally, first p-wire and the second p-wire are popped one's head in the first test probe and the second test respectively
Connection, and vertical spacing setting between each test probe；
The designated position that the combination unit of the steel pipe and push rod is put into inside material model for that will test probe；
The outside of the frame structure is provided with pulley blocks, and first p-wire and the second p-wire be all made of it is described
Pulley blocks are connect after being changed horizontally by vertical direction with linear displacement transducer, and the linear displacement transducer is by leading
Line is connect with A/D converter, and the A/D converter is connected to a computer by conducting wire.
The present invention also provides a kind of experiment sides of the three-dimensional similar material model experiment device of above-mentioned simulation seam mining
Method, comprising the following steps:
S10: connecting with bottom plate by the column of frame body surrounding first, fixed by screw tightening, then each in bottom plate surrounding
Fixed front apron and two side baffles, further fix visual glass rear baffle, are formed and test initial frame structure；
S20: the jack structure for replacing lowest level coal, the paving by jack in sequence by rows are laid with
If according to the width of jack, until being paved with base areas；
S30: the production of rock-soil layer material mixture ratio, the material that water-bearing layer is mated formation is with coarse sand, gypsum, chalk powder according to a deciding grade and level
With being laid with, water barrier cohesive soil, fine sand, gypsum, chalk powder and edible oil are laid with by certain gradation, and horizon d is with stone
Cream, chalk powder, fine sand are laid with by certain gradation；
S40: it is laid with rock-soil layer, in addition to the jack structure instead of lowest level coal completed in advance, other rock-soil layers
The sequence of laying from bottom to top is followed successively by horizon d, the flat jack structure instead of day-coal laying, water barrier, water-bearing layer, drift-sand
Unconsolidated formation, every rock stratum height for being laid with a side block board width, need to increase by row's side baffle, loose to drift-sand until being laid with
The laying of layer, i.e. rock-soil layer finishes；
S50: when being laid with horizon d, rectangle sensor is installed in horizon d, rectangle sensor type is common
Sensor, an array pitch are designed according to equal part；
S60: when being laid with flat jack structure, every row's flat jack is tightened with tensioning screw and is together in series, according to flat jack
Width, until being paved with the base areas of experimental framework structure；
S70: installation hydraulic loaded control assembly connects hydraulic loaded control platform；
S80: testing the depth of probe placement position, combined steel pipe and push rod according to one bottom, build model, until
Where up to measuring point when layer position lower position, in measuring point vertical direction placing steel tubes, outer wall of steel pipe smears one layer of lubricating oil, keeps steel
Pipe vertical state slowly moves up steel pipe, is then put into the cylinder taper end of test probe in steel pipe downward, and test is made to pop one's head in
It is pressing against test probe with push rod positioned at steel pipe center in the case where tip elastic slice is fixed slowly to elapse downwards, until test probe reaches in advance
Positioning is set, and barb completely disengages steel pipe inner wall, is extracted push rod out, and stick number label to probe p-wire, is surveyed according to second
Vertical distance between probe header and the first test probe, moves up steel pipe, and all p-wires are exceptionally straight, avoids mutually twining
Around p-wire being become level and is connected handle directly with the binding post of linear displacement transducer by the pulley blocks of frame structure upper end
Linear movement pick-up is connect by conducting wire with A/D converter, and A/D converter is connected by conducting wire with computer；
S90: Holding Model air-dries, and after humidity to be achieved requires, carries out simulation seam mining, observation overlying strata moving displacement,
Mining induced stress and it is caving rock mass stress.
By upper, the present invention uses digital intelligent to control uniformly distributed loading system implementation model space stress field simulation for the first time,
The influence of boundary effect is effectively reduced, true stress boundary loading condition is realized, using analog material space Excavation simulation skill
Art realizes the exploitation simulation of confined space working face analog material, is realized by polynary monitoring system to stope during exploitation
Space stress and overlying strata space migration rule real-time monitoring, solve the measurement problem of three-dimensional similar material simulation experiment；Data
Recording and storage is controlled by computer, reduces experimenter's workload.Entire experimental provision is easy to use, labor
Fatigue resistance is small, and measurement accuracy is high, has been greatly facilitated the use of three-dimensional similar simulation experimental.
The above description is only an overview of the technical scheme of the present invention, in order to better understand the technical means of the present invention,
And it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to allow above and other objects, features and advantages of the invention can
It is clearer and more comprehensible, below in conjunction with preferred embodiment, and cooperates attached drawing, detailed description are as follows.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the attached drawing to embodiment is simply situated between below
It continues.
Fig. 1 is that the structure of the three-dimensional similar material model experiment device of the simulation seam mining of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown
It is intended to；
Fig. 2 is the section of the three-dimensional similar material model experiment device of the simulation seam mining of the preferred embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 3 is two side blocks of the three-dimensional similar material model experiment device of the simulation seam mining of the preferred embodiment of the present invention
The structural schematic diagram of plate；
Fig. 4 is the front apron of the three-dimensional similar material model experiment device of the simulation seam mining of the preferred embodiment of the present invention
Structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the visual glass of the three-dimensional similar material model experiment device of the simulation seam mining of the preferred embodiment of the present invention
The structural schematic diagram of glass rear baffle.
In figure, 1-test-bed, 2-bottom plates, 3-columns, 4-screws, 5-lower layer's coals, 6-horizon ds, 7-upper layers
Coal, 8-hydraulic loaded control platforms, 9-water barriers, 10-water proof materials, 11-water-bearing layers, 12-drift-sand unconsolidated formations,
13-force transmitting boards, 14-layback power devices, 15-micro pressure sensors, 16-test probes, 17-steel pipes, 18-pulleys
Group, 19-p-wires, 20-linear displacement transducers, 21-A/D converters, 22-computers, 23-front aprons, 24-side blocks
Plate, 25-visualization rear baffles, 26-screw holes.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and as part of this specification passes through
Embodiment illustrates the principle of the present invention, and other aspects of the present invention, feature and its advantage will become by the detailed description
It is very clear.In the attached drawing of institute's reference, the same or similar component is indicated using identical drawing reference numeral in different figures.
As shown in Fig. 1 to 5, the three-dimensional similar material model experiment device of simulation seam mining of the invention, including frame
Structure, hydraulic loaded control assembly, monitoring assembly, wherein the frame structure includes test-bed 1, bottom plate 2, column 3, more
A side baffle 24, multiple front aprons 23, visual glass rear baffle 25 and the rock-soil layer for simulating similar material model.The prison
Survey component include A/D converter 21, test probe 16, p-wire 19, micro pressure sensor 15, linear displacement transducer 20,
Miniature webcam, pulley blocks 18, steel pipe 17, QTM-9000 data acquisition module, computer 22 and corresponding Data Analysis Software.
The hydraulic loaded control assembly combines load by force transmitting board 13 and flat jack, is circumscribed with hydraulic loaded control platform 8, is easy real
Existing model is uniformly loaded.
Test-bed 1 of the invention is welded by four branch stakes and the bottom of bottom plate 2, and the column 3 uses square tube system
It makes, 3 rectangular array of column is perpendicular to horizontal EDS maps；The bottom plate 2 is one piece of rectangular metal plate, using thickness
It is made of the steel plate of 25mm, four angles of the bottom plate 2 and four edges all have rectangular notch, the square at 2 four angles of bottom plate
V notch v is welded with four root thickness columns 3 respectively, and the thin column 3 of two equidistant arrangements is welded between the four root thickness column 3；It is described
Bottom plate 2 is parallel to horizontal plane and hanging arrangement.
The front apron 23 and side baffle 24 are made of channel steel, are connected on 12 root posts 3, channel steel two sides are provided with slot
Steel screw hole 26, fixed with screw 4, channel steel length is consistent with the overall width of bottom plate, the both ends of front apron 23 and side baffle 24
It is connect respectively with two root thickness columns 3, centre connects two thin column 3, and the notch of every piece of side baffle 24 is arranged backwards to column 3.Institute
Visual glass rear baffle 25 is stated using glass plate, sinking variation and crack for observing each rock stratum in seam mining develop feelings
Condition, size is identical as length and height that frame body designs, and two sides open up fixation hole, aperture and channel steel screw hole 26 1
It causes, visual glass rear baffle 25 is fixed by fixation hole and two sides channel-section steel baffle.
In addition, since the width of front apron 23 and side baffle 24 is smaller, and depending on each layer of rock-soil layer of thickness,
So the front apron 23 and side baffle 24 be parallel to horizontal plane arrangement, two side baffles, 24, front aprons 23 and it is described can
Constitute first layer box frame depending on glass rear baffle 25, and be connected on 12 root posts 3, the lower end of first layer box frame with
The plate face of bottom plate 2 is concordant, has several layers box frame in the top of first layer box frame.
With the replacement of flat jack structure, the flat jack structure includes multiple flat jacks, is selected general in upper coal seam 7 of the invention
Logical flat jack, along two pairs of screw holes are respectively processed in the vertical direction of section above and below flat jack, each flat jack is tightened
All hydraulic pillow is together in series by screw by the screw hole above and below flat jack section, and the height of each flat jack is test
The thickness in substituted coal seam.The lower coal seam 5 passes through several screws and bottom plate with jack structure substitution, jack
2 link together, and the exploitation in simulation coal seam is realized by the way that the layback power device 14 on the outside of the frame structure is arranged in, is pulled out
One piece of flat jack represents the coal body for having exploited one piece of flat jack length.The jack structure includes being linked together with pedestal
Multiple jack columns and top beam, be mainly used to substitute lowest level coal and recovery process, be replaced most by jack
Lower layer's coal mining, the height of lifting are the thickness of lowest level coal, the design width of top beam and pedestal it is of same size, also with replace
The flat jack design width mated formation for day-coal is identical with length, and the pedestal design of jack is integral, i.e. length and bottom
The length of plate is suitable, can ensure the stabilization of the pedestal of every row's jack, and when use need to only go up and down jack and by pushing up
Beam support.
Test of the invention is followed successively by the jack structure for substituting lower coal seam 5, horizon d with rock-soil layer from bottom to top
6, flat jack structure, the water barrier 9, water-bearing layer 11, drift-sand unconsolidated formation 12 of day-coal 7 are substituted；The water-bearing layer 11 mainly by
Coarse sand, gypsum, chalk powder are laid with；The water barrier 9 is mainly spread by cohesive soil, fine sand, gypsum, chalk powder and edible oil
If forming；The horizon d 6 is mainly laid with by gypsum, chalk powder, fine sand；It is arranged in the horizon d 6 according to spacing 20cm
It is furnished with multiple rectangular micro pressure sensors 15.In addition, in order to simulate the rock-soil layer of different models, it can be in substitution day-coal
One layer of horizon d is set again between 7 flat jack structure and water barrier 9.
Two tests probe 16 that the present invention uses tests probe for the first test probe and second, and two p-wires 19 are
First p-wire and the second p-wire, steel pipe 17 is formed by connecting using the identical short steel pipes rotation of diameter, and 17 energy of the steel pipe
Enough that length of steel pipe is controlled by controlling the joint number of short steel pipes, the mark of steel pipe 17 is equipped with scale and serial number, push rod setting
Inside the steel pipe 17, and the push rod is combined by the identical thin iron staff of diameter and is formed by connecting, the bottom end welding of the push rod
There is round push jack, the shape of the test probe 16 is a back taper aluminum alloy drum, in the back taper aluminum alloy drum
Side wall on be welded with tip elastic slice, the tip elastic slice forms barb, and each survey on the back taper aluminum alloy drum
Probe header 16 corresponds to a p-wire 19, and the first p-wire and the second p-wire are surveyed with the first test probe and second respectively
Probe header connects, vertical spacing setting between each test probe 16, and the combination unit of the steel pipe 17 and push rod will be for that will survey
Probe header is put into the designated position inside material model, and the outside of frame structure, and the first test is arranged in the pulley blocks 18
Line and the second p-wire are all made of the pulley blocks 18 outside frame structure by after vertical direction transformation horizontally and straight line position
Displacement sensor 20 connects, and the linear displacement transducer 20 is connect by conducting wire with the A/D converter 21, the A/D conversion
Device 21 is connected by conducting wire with computer 22.The micro pressure sensor 15, linear displacement transducer 20, miniature video camera
Head, A/D converter 12, QTM-9000 data acquisition module, computer 22 and corresponding Data Analysis Software constitute the number of experiment
According to monitoring, collection and storage.
The three-dimensional similar material model experiment method of simulation seam mining of the invention is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawing:
In the present embodiment, experiment porch area is 3.0m × 3.0m, and the rated pressure integrally born is 250kN/m3, effectively
High experimental is 1.2m.Model length and width is close, still has 1.2m limit of mining after considering edge effect, and surrounding enclosure device is
The non-deformability of channel steel, template is very big, can constrain the movement of model points, ensure that inside model in three-dimensional stress shape
State.
The three-dimensional similar material model experiment method of simulation seam mining of the invention, is opened using above-mentioned simulation coal seam
The three-dimensional similar material model experiment device adopted, includes the following steps:
Step 1: first connecting the column 3 of frame body surrounding and bottom plate 2, fixation is tightened by screw 4, then in bottom plate
Each fixed front apron 23 of surrounding and two side baffles 24 further fix visual glass rear baffle 25, are formed and test initial frame knot
Structure；
Step 2: it is laid with the jack structure for replacing lowest level coal, in sequence by rows by jack
Laying, according to the width of jack, until being paved with base areas；
Step 3: rock-soil layer material mixture ratio production, the material that water-bearing layer 11 is mated formation with coarse sand, gypsum, chalk powder according to
Certain gradation is laid with, and the cohesive soil of water barrier 9, fine sand, gypsum, chalk powder and edible oil are laid with by certain gradation,
The horizon d 6 of laying is laid with gypsum, chalk powder, fine sand by certain gradation；
Step 4: it is laid with rock-soil layer, in addition to the jack structure instead of lowest level coal 5 completed in advance, Qi Tayan
The soil layer sequence of laying from bottom to top is followed successively by horizon d 6, the flat jack structure instead of the laying of day-coal 7, water proof material 10, water proof
Layer 9, water-bearing layer 11, drift-sand unconsolidated formation 12, every rock stratum height for being laid with 24 width of side baffle, need to increase by row's front apron
23 and side baffle 24, until being laid with to drift-sand unconsolidated formation, i.e. rock-soil layer laying finishes；
Step 5: when being laid with horizon d 6, rectangular micro pressure sensor 15, miniature pressure are installed in horizon d 6
15 type of force snesor is ordinary sensors, and array pitch is according to 20cm etc. points of designs；
Step 6: when being laid with flat jack structure, every row's flat jack is tightened with tensioning screw and is together in series, according to hydraulic
The width of pillow, until being paved with the base areas of experimental framework；
Step 7: installation hydraulic loaded control assembly, connection flat jack load intelligent control platform 8；
Step 8: according to the depth of one bottom test 16 placement locations of probe, combined steel pipe 17 and push rod build mould
Type, where reaching measuring point when layer position lower position, in measuring point vertical direction placing steel tubes 17,17 outer wall of steel pipe smears one layer of profit
Lubricating oil keeps 17 vertical state of steel pipe, steel pipe 17 is slowly moved up, and the cylinder taper end of test probe 16 is then put into steel downward
Guan Zhong, and so that probe 16 is located at steel pipe center in the case where tip elastic slice is fixed and pressing against probe slowly passage downwards with push rod, until visiting
Head reaches its barb of predetermined position and completely disengages 17 inner wall of steel pipe, extracts push rod out, and stick number label to probe p-wire 19,
According to the vertical distance between the second test probe and the first test probe, steel pipe 17 is moved up, by all p-wires 19
It is exceptionally straight, it avoids mutually winding, by the pulley blocks 18 of frame structure upper end, p-wire 19 is become horizontal and is sensed with straight-line displacement
The binding post of device 20 is connected linear displacement transducer is led to 20 to cross conducting wires to be connect with A/D converter 21, and A/D converter 21, which passes through, leads
Line is connected with computer 22；
Step 9: Holding Model air-dries, and after humidity to be achieved requires, carries out simulation seam mining, observes overlying strata motion bit
It moves, mining induced stress and be caving rock mass stress etc..
Monitoring assembly of the invention uses 2 longitudinal directions, 2 transverse pressure sensor p-wires and 3 sections, 4 layers
The displacement sensor of position constitutes space multistory and supervises side grid, and all the sensors are numbered according to certain rules, guarantees full side
The rock coating characteristics of motion and surface displacement situation on the three-dimensional monitoring stope of position.By QTM-9000 data acquisition module to each
Measuring point data is acquired in real time, and handles data by Data Analysis Software, its Change and Development rule is studied, to the top of stope
Plate is caving situation, the changing rule of support pressure and Surface Subsidence Law and continuously monitors, and obtains quantizating index.Together
When, by means of miniature webcam, additional secondary light source gos deep into rock stratum, can be clearly observed inside by outer even monitor
Roof caving situation is visually observed that first weighting and periodic weighting situation.
The present invention controls uniformly distributed loading system implementation model space stress field simulation using digital intelligent, effectively reduces side
True stress boundary loading condition is realized in the influence of boundary's effect；Using analog material space Excavation simulation technology, confined air is realized
Between the exploitation simulation of working face analog material, realized by polynary monitoring system empty to stope space stress during exploitation and overlying strata
Between migration rule real-time monitoring, solve the measurement problem of three-dimensional similar material simulation experiment.Meanwhile the reading in entire observation process
Number frequency, data record and storage are controlled by computer, reduce experimenter's workload.
The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, cannot limit the right model of the present invention with this certainly
It encloses, it is noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, may be used also
To make several improvement and variation, these, which improve and change, is also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of three-dimensional similar material model experiment device for simulating seam mining, it is characterised in that: including frame structure, hydraulic
Load control assembly, monitoring assembly；
The frame structure includes the frame body being made of bottom plate, column and baffle and is used for positioned at the frame is intracorporal
Simulate similar material model rock-soil layer, the rock-soil layer be followed successively by from bottom to top lower coal seam, horizon d, upper coal seam, water barrier,
Water-bearing layer, drift-sand unconsolidated formation；
The hydraulic loaded control assembly includes force transmitting board, flat jack and hydraulic loaded control platform, for realizing the equal of model
It is even loaded；
The monitoring assembly includes test probe, p-wire and the micro pressure being extend into inside material model by steel pipe
Sensor, linear displacement transducer, miniature webcam, computer, for the data monitoring of experiment, collection and storage.
2. the three-dimensional similar material model experiment device of simulation seam mining as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Frame structure is the cube of boring, and the column is fabricated using square tube, the column rectangular array perpendicular to
Horizontal EDS maps；
The bottom plate is one piece of rectangular metal plate, and four angles of the bottom plate and four edges all have rectangular notch, the bottom plate
The rectangular notch at four angles is welded with four root thickness columns respectively；The thin vertical of two equidistant arrangements is welded between the four root thickness column
Column；The bottom plate is parallel to horizontal plane and hanging arrangement；
The bottom of the bottom plate is welded with test-bed.
3. the three-dimensional similar material model experiment device of simulation seam mining as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that described
Baffle includes multiple side baffles, multiple front aprons and visual glass rear baffle；
The front apron and side baffle are made of channel steel, and the channel steel two sides are provided with channel steel screw hole, the length of channel steel and institute
The overall width for stating bottom plate is consistent；The sinking that the visual glass rear baffle is used to observe each rock stratum in seam mining changes and splits
Gap development, two sides open up fixation hole, and the aperture of the fixation hole is consistent with channel steel screw hole, keeps off after the visual glass
Plate is fixed by the channel-section steel baffle of fixation hole and two sides.
4. the three-dimensional similar material model experiment device of simulation seam mining as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Upper coal seam is with the replacement of flat jack structure, and the flat jack structure is that multiple flat jacks are connected in series, and each flat jack is received
All hydraulic pillow is together in series by tight screw by the screw hole above and below flat jack section, and the height of each flat jack is examination
Test the thickness in substituted coal seam；
The lower coal seam is linked together by several screws with bottom plate with jack structure substitution, jack, is led to
Cross the exploitation that the layback power device being arranged on the outside of the frame structure realizes simulation coal seam.
5. the three-dimensional similar material model experiment device of simulation seam mining as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that described
Rock-soil layer be followed successively by from bottom to top the jack structure for substituting lower coal seam, horizon d, the flat jack structure for substituting day-coal,
Water barrier, water-bearing layer, drift-sand unconsolidated formation；
The water-bearing layer is mainly laid with by coarse sand, gypsum, chalk powder；
The water barrier is mainly laid with by cohesive soil, fine sand, gypsum, chalk powder and edible oil；The horizon d mainly by
Gypsum, chalk powder, fine sand are laid with；
Multiple micro pressure sensors are placed with according to spacing equal part in the horizon d.
6. the three-dimensional similar material model experiment device of simulation seam mining as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Test probe includes the first test probe and the second test probe, and the p-wire is the first p-wire and the second p-wire, institute
It states steel pipe to be formed by connecting using the identical short steel pipes rotation of diameter, and the steel pipe can be controlled by controlling the joint number of short steel pipes
Length of steel pipe processed；
The steel duct is provided with push rod, and the push rod is combined by the identical thin iron staff of diameter and is formed by connecting, the push rod
Bottom end is welded with round push jack；
The shape of the test probe is a back taper aluminum alloy drum, is welded on the side wall of the back taper aluminum alloy drum
It is connected to tip elastic slice, the tip elastic slice forms barb on the back taper aluminum alloy drum.
7. the three-dimensional similar material model experiment device of simulation seam mining as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that described
First p-wire and the second p-wire are connected with the first test probe and the second test probe respectively, and each test is popped one's head in
Between vertical spacing setting；
The designated position that the combination unit of the steel pipe and push rod is put into inside material model for that will test probe；
The outside of the frame structure is provided with pulley blocks, and first p-wire and the second p-wire are all made of the pulley
Group connect after being changed horizontally by vertical direction with linear displacement transducer, the linear displacement transducer pass through conducting wire and
A/D converter connection, the A/D converter are connected to a computer by conducting wire.
8. a kind of three-dimensional similar material model experiment using simulation seam mining as described in any one of claim 1 to 7 fills
The experimental method set, which comprises the following steps:
S10: connecting with bottom plate by the column of frame body surrounding first, fixed by screw tightening, then in each fixation of bottom plate surrounding
Front apron and two side baffles further fix visual glass rear baffle, are formed and test initial frame structure；
S20: jack structure of the laying instead of lowest level coal, the laying by jack in sequence by rows,
According to the width of jack, until being paved with base areas；
S30: the production of rock-soil layer material mixture ratio, the material that water-bearing layer is mated formation are spread with coarse sand, gypsum, chalk powder according to certain gradation
If forming, water barrier cohesive soil, fine sand, gypsum, chalk powder and edible oil are laid with by certain gradation, and horizon d is with gypsum, big
White powder, fine sand are laid with by certain gradation；
S40: being laid with rock-soil layer, and in addition to the jack structure instead of lowest level coal completed in advance, other rock-soil layers are under
And to be followed successively by horizon d, the flat jack structure being laid with instead of day-coal, water barrier, water-bearing layer, drift-sand loose for upper laying sequence
Layer, every rock stratum height for being laid with a side block board width, need to increase by row's side baffle, until laying to drift-sand unconsolidated formation, i.e.,
Rock-soil layer laying finishes；
S50: when being laid with horizon d, rectangle sensor is installed in horizon d, rectangle sensor type is common sensing
Device, an array pitch are designed according to equal part；
S60: when being laid with flat jack structure, every row's flat jack is tightened with tensioning screw and is together in series, according to the width of flat jack
Degree, until being paved with the base areas of experimental framework structure；
S70: installation hydraulic loaded control assembly connects hydraulic loaded control platform；
S80: testing the depth of probe placement position, combined steel pipe and push rod according to one bottom, build model, surveys wait reach
Where point when layer position lower position, in measuring point vertical direction placing steel tubes, outer wall of steel pipe smears one layer of lubricating oil, keeps steel pipe perpendicular
Straight state slowly moves up steel pipe, is then put into the cylinder taper end of test probe in steel pipe downward, and makes test probe in point
It is located at steel pipe center under head elastic slice is fixed and is pressing against the slowly downward passage of test probe with push rod, until test probe arrival pre-determined bit
It sets, barb completely disengages steel pipe inner wall, extracts push rod out, and stick number label to probe p-wire, is visited according to the second test
Vertical distance between head and the first test probe, moves up steel pipe, and all p-wires are exceptionally straight, avoids mutually winding,
By the pulley blocks of frame structure upper end, p-wire is become into level and is connected with the binding post of linear displacement transducer straight line position
Displacement sensor is connect by conducting wire with A/D converter, and A/D converter is connected by conducting wire with computer；
S90: Holding Model air-dries, and after humidity to be achieved requires, carries out simulation seam mining, observation overlying strata moving displacement is adopted
Stress and it is caving rock mass stress.
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