CN109916259B - Control hole installation method for asymmetric shifting fork detection - Google Patents
Control hole installation method for asymmetric shifting fork detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN109916259B CN109916259B CN201910309401.8A CN201910309401A CN109916259B CN 109916259 B CN109916259 B CN 109916259B CN 201910309401 A CN201910309401 A CN 201910309401A CN 109916259 B CN109916259 B CN 109916259B
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Abstract
A control hole installation method for asymmetric fork detection belongs to the field of part error detection, and aims to solve the problem that data acquisition can be facilitated in asymmetric fork detection, a left measuring claw is installed in a control hole of a standard fork piece, the center of the control hole is O1, the longitudinal position of the center O2 of a right measuring claw is adjusted, the X-direction distance Lx of O1O2 is 90mm, the transverse position of the center O2 of the right measuring claw is adjusted to the lower (-) below a line 0-0, the Y-direction distance Ly of O1O2 is 64mm, the measuring points of half holes of the control hole are 6, 7, 8 and 9, and the effect that data acquisition can be facilitated in asymmetric fork detection can be achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of part error detection, and relates to a control hole installation method for asymmetric shifting fork detection.
Background
The machine tool shifting fork parts are mainly used for a machine tool control mechanism to change the position of a machine tool sliding gear to realize machine tool speed change, or used for controlling a meshing and disconnecting mechanism of a clutch to realize transverse or longitudinal feed motion of a machine tool moving part. The shifting fork usually consists of a hole (an operation hole) assembled on an operation part shaft and a half hole (a control hole) assembled on a control part shaft, and the main technical requirements comprise the diameter and deviation of the operation hole, the diameter (or radius) and deviation of the control hole, the central position size and deviation of the operation hole and the control hole, the parallelism of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the operation hole and the like.
At present, the geometrical size and the form and position error of the shifting fork parts of the machine tool mainly have the problems of low detection precision (mechanical measuring tool detection or indirect detection), low detection efficiency (manual detection or single error detection), poor universality (only one size of shifting fork parts can be detected), and the like. The control hole of the shifting fork part is a half hole, the starting positions of the half holes of different shifting forks are different, the included angles of the half holes are different, the requirements of the half holes on the central position of the control hole are different, and great difficulty is brought to the detection of the diameter (or the radius) of the half hole and the central position size of the two holes. The traditional detection method for the center distance between the two holes is an indirect detection method, the detection is troublesome and the detection precision is low. The universality is another limiting point of machine tool shifting fork machining error detection, one set of detection device can only be used for shifting fork detection of one type of control hole diameter, control hole and control hole central position requirement and size, and control hole end surface height difference, and the change of any one of five parameters needs to design, produce and assemble another set of detection device.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that data acquisition can be facilitated in detection of an asymmetric shifting fork, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a control hole installation method for asymmetric shifting fork detection comprises the following three installation methods: a: the left measuring claw is arranged in a standard shifting fork piece control hole, the center of the control hole is O1, the longitudinal position of the center O2 of the right measuring claw is adjusted, the X-direction distance Lx of O1O2 is obtained to be 90mm, the transverse position of the center O2 of the right measuring claw is adjusted towards the lower part of the line 0-0 (-), the Y-direction distance Ly of O1O2 is obtained to be 64mm, and the measuring points of half holes of the control hole are 6, 7, 8 and 9; b: the center O2 of the right measuring claw is on the line 0-0, the longitudinal position of O2 is adjusted according to the center distance 110.4355mm of two holes of a shifting fork, the X-direction distance 110.4355mm of O1O2 is obtained, and the measuring points of half holes of a control hole are 7, 8 and 9; c: the longitudinal position of the right measuring jaw center O2 is adjusted to obtain the X-direction distance Lx of O1O2 as 64mm, the transverse position of the right measuring jaw center O2 is adjusted to the upper (+) of the line 0-0 to obtain the Y-direction distance Ly of O1O2 as 90mm, and the measuring points of the control hole half holes are 8, 9, 10 and 11.
Has the advantages that: according to the size requirements of different control holes and control holes, different installation modes are adopted for the control holes, the implementation of subsequent data acquisition steps can be facilitated, data acquisition is facilitated, and more required data are acquired.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a part view of a machine tool fork 1.
Fig. 2 is a part view of the machine tool fork 2.
Fig. 3 is a part view of the machine tool fork 3.
FIG. 4 is a front view of the integrated detecting device for shifting fork parts of machine tools.
FIG. 5 is a plan view of the integrated detecting device for machine tool forks.
FIG. 6 is a side view of the comprehensive detection device for machine tool fork parts.
FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional view of the comprehensive detection device for machine tool fork parts.
Fig. 8 is a three-dimensional view of the right measuring disk part.
FIG. 9 is a three-dimensional view of a longitudinal slide block component.
FIG. 10 is a three-dimensional view of a transverse chute block component.
Figure 11 is a three-dimensional view of a base member.
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the height adjustment of the locating surface of the control hole of the shifting fork type part of the machine tool.
Fig. 13 is a schematic view of the detection device in terms of its isotropic movement.
FIG. 14 is a diagram of the control hole and control hole measurement site placement.
FIG. 15 is a view showing the arrangement of the measuring points on the upper end surface of the manipulating hole.
Fig. 16 is a view showing an asymmetric control hole installation method.
Fig. 17 is a table diagram of the comprehensive detection program operation of the machine tool fork type parts.
FIG. 18 is a flow chart of the geometric dimension and form and position error evaluation of the machine tool fork-like parts.
Figure 19 is a graph of the flatness error assessment program run window.
Fig. 20 is a flatness error evaluation flowchart.
Wherein: 1. the measuring device comprises a base plate, 2 parts of a left measuring disc, 3 parts of a left large bevel gear, 4 parts of a left small bevel gear, 5 parts of a left measuring claw, 6 parts of a left displacement sensor, 7 parts of a main measuring frame, 8 parts of a main measuring beam, 9 parts of a main measuring sleeve, 10 parts of a main displacement sensor, 11 parts of a shifting fork, 12 parts of a right displacement sensor, 13 parts of a right measuring claw, 14 parts of a right large bevel gear, 15 parts of a right small bevel gear, 16 parts of a right measuring disc, 17 parts of a longitudinal slideway block, 18 parts of a transverse slideway block, 19 parts of a moving pin, 20 parts of a screw rod, 21 parts of a sleeve, 22 parts of an inclined sliding block, 23 parts of a spring, 24 parts of a nut, 25 parts of a lead screw.
Detailed Description
Example 1: to current lathe shift fork class part geometric dimensions and form and position error detection defect, this embodiment discloses a general comprehensive testing device for detecting not unidimensional lathe shift fork class part. The device can be suitable for detecting machine tool shifting fork parts with the same height or different heights, such as different operating hole diameters, different control hole diameters, different requirements and sizes of the central positions of the operating hole and the control hole, the end surfaces of the operating hole and the control hole, and the likeThe usability is good; the high-precision displacement sensor is adopted for detection, the detected elements are directly detected, the arrangement of detection points is reasonable, the size and error evaluation method is reasonable, and the detection precision is high; and multi-size and error detection, real-time data processing, real-time detection result display and high detection efficiency are realized.
In the evaluation of geometric dimension and form and position error, the diameter of the control hole, the diameter (or radius) of the control hole and the central position size of the two holes are directly evaluated by adopting a least square method and a minimum area method, and the parallelism error of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the control hole is evaluated by adopting the minimum area method.
On the basis of a geometric dimension and form and position error evaluation program, VB6.0 programming language is adopted, and a computer graphic technology is utilized to realize the functions of detection scheme selection, data online acquisition and processing, data manual input and processing, geometric dimension and form and position error evaluation, graphic drawing and the like. The software interface is reasonable in layout, direct in function calling and convenient and fast to operate.
Fig. 1,2 and 3 show shifting fork parts in three different shapes and sizes, the diameter of a control hole of a shifting fork 1 is phi 30H8mm, the radius of the control hole is R51H10mm, the central positions of the two holes are 90 +/-0.2 mm in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction is 64 +/-0.2 mm, the lower end surfaces of the two holes are unequal in height and 5mm in height difference, a half hole is asymmetrical to the central connecting line of the two holes, the starting angle is 35 degrees, and the included angle is 136 degrees; the diameter of an operation hole of the shifting fork 2 is phi 24H7mm, the radius of the control hole is R25H10mm, the central positions of the two holes are 84 +/-1.2 mm of central distance, the lower end surfaces of the two holes are unequal in height, the height difference is 5.1mm, the half holes are symmetrical to the central connecting line of the two holes, and the included angle is 120 degrees; the diameter of the control hole of the shifting fork 3 is phi 15H7mm, the diameter of the control hole is phi 27H8mm, the central positions of the two holes are 120 +/-0.1 mm of central distance, the lower end surfaces of the two holes are equal in height, half holes are symmetrical to the central connecting line of the two holes, and the included angle is close to 180 degrees. In order to work effectively, the included angle of the half holes of the shifting fork is generally between 120 degrees and 180 degrees, and the end face of the control hole close to the end face of the control hole is called as a lower end face.
As shown in fig. 4, 5, 6 and 7, the inspection apparatus is mainly composed of a manipulating hole measuring tray part, a control hole measuring tray part, a chute block part and a main frame part. The control hole measuring disc component consists of a left measuring disc 2, a left big bevel gear 3, a left small bevel gear 4, a left measuring claw 5 and a left displacement sensor 6. The control hole measuring disc component consists of a right measuring disc 16, a right large bevel gear 14, a right small bevel gear 15, a right measuring claw 13 and a right displacement sensor 12. The slide block component consists of a longitudinal slide block 17, a transverse slide block 18, a moving pin 19, a screw rod 20, a sleeve 21, an inclined slide block 22 and a spring 23. The main frame component comprises a main measuring frame 7, a main measuring beam 8, a main measuring sleeve 9, a main displacement sensor 10, a screw cap 24, a lead screw 25 and a hand wheel 26. Fig. 4 shows a vertical direction (X direction) in the horizontal direction, a Z direction in the vertical direction, and a horizontal direction (Y direction) in the vertical direction in fig. 5.
The shifting fork location and the detection of control hole diameter in the certain limit are accomplished to control hole measurement dish part, control hole measurement dish part is installed on bottom plate 1 through left measurement dish 2, insert hexagonal spanner in the hexagonal hole of left little bevel gear 4 right-hand member in left measurement dish 2, rotate hexagonal spanner, left little bevel gear 4 drives left big bevel gear 3 and rotates, 3 terminal surfaces of left big bevel gear have plane rectangular screw thread, it installs four left measurement claws 5 of evenly distributed above that to drive simultaneously to measure the dish 2 center near or withdraw from left along the open slot on 2 terminal surfaces of left measurement dish, four left measurement claws 5 drive four left displacement sensor 6 and simultaneously measure dish 2 centers near or withdraw from left, four left measurement claw motion distances are equal, have self-centering effect, can realize shifting fork location and the detection of control hole diameter in the certain limit.
Control hole measuring disc part accomplishes shift fork location and detection of control hole diameter in the certain limit, control hole measuring disc part passes through right measuring disc 16 and installs on longitudinal slide block 17, insert the hexagonal spanner in the hexagonal hole of right bevel pinion 15 right-hand member in right measuring disc 16, rotate the hexagonal spanner, right bevel pinion 15 drives right bevel pinion 14 and rotates, there is plane rectangular thread right bevel pinion 14 terminal surface, drive eight right measuring claw 13 of installing evenly distributed above that are close to or withdraw from to the measuring disc 16 center along the open slot on right measuring disc 16 terminal surface simultaneously, eight right measuring claw 13 drive eight right displacement sensor 12 are close to or withdraw from to measuring disc 16 center simultaneously right, eight right claw measuring distance equals, there is self-centering effect, can realize control hole diameter's shift fork location and detection in the certain limit. Although the shifting fork control hole is generally a half hole or even smaller than the half hole, the starting position of the half hole is different, and the included angle of the half hole is different, so that the detection device is designed into eight displacement sensors which are uniformly distributed, and the shifting forks in various shapes can be detected.
As shown in fig. 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, the slide block component completes the shift fork detection of different central positions and sizes of the operating hole and the control hole, the control hole measuring disk component is located on the longitudinal slide block 17 through the right measuring disk 16, the concave longitudinal dovetail guide rail below the right measuring disk 16 is matched with the convex longitudinal dovetail guide rail above the longitudinal slide block 17, and the right measuring disk 16 is moved along the longitudinal guide rail, so that different X-direction central sizes between the operating hole and the control hole can be obtained; the longitudinal slideway block 17 is located on the transverse slideway block 18, a concave transverse dovetail guide rail below the longitudinal slideway block 17 is matched with a convex transverse dovetail guide rail above the transverse slideway block 18, the longitudinal slideway block 17 is pushed along the transverse guide rails, and different Y-direction central sizes between the control hole and the control hole can be obtained; the transverse slide block 18 is connected with the vertical convex dovetail guide rail on the side surface of the base 1 through the vertical concave dovetail guide rail on the side surface, the screw 20 is rotated, the inclined slide block 22 is pushed leftwards, the moving pin 19 is pushed upwards through the inclined surface, the transverse slide block 18, the longitudinal slide block 17 and the control hole measuring disk component move upwards in the Z direction, the screw 20 is rotated reversely, the screw 20 moves rightwards, the inclined slide block 22 moves rightwards under the action of the compression spring 23, the moving pin 19 moves downwards, the slide block 18, the longitudinal slide block 17 and the control hole measuring disk component move downwards in the Z direction, and therefore the Z direction position of the right measuring disk 16 is adjusted, the positioning surface of the right measuring disk is in contact with the lower end surface of a control hole of a shifting fork, and.
The main frame part finishes detecting parallelism errors of the upper end face and the lower end face of a shifting fork control hole, a main measuring beam 8 is installed on a main measuring frame 7, a main measuring sleeve 9 is connected with the main measuring beam through a dovetail guide rail, a main displacement sensor 10 is installed in the main measuring sleeve, the main measuring sleeve drives the main displacement sensor 10 to move along the transverse direction (Y direction) of the main measuring beam, the main measuring frame 7 is connected with a base 1 through a front lead screw 25 and a rear lead screw 25, a nut 24 at the left end of the two lead screws 25 is rotated, the lead screws 25 rotate to drive the main measuring frame 7 to move longitudinally, so that the main displacement sensor 10 is driven to move longitudinally (X direction), the sampling point detection of the main displacement sensor on the upper end face of the shifting fork control hole is finished, a hand wheel 26.
Before detection, the positions of displacement sensors in a detection device are adjusted for the same batch of shifting fork parts according to standard shifting fork parts, the maximum limit size of the design size is respectively taken as the diameter of a control hole and the diameter of a control hole of the standard shifting fork parts, and the median size of the design size is taken as the size of the central position of two holes of the standard shifting fork parts. Adjusting the diameter positions of four left measuring claws in a left measuring disc according to the diameter of a control hole of a standard shifting fork piece, adjusting the diameter positions of eight right measuring claws in a right measuring disc according to the diameter of the control hole of the standard shifting fork piece, and adjusting the longitudinal position (X direction) and the transverse position (Y direction) of the right measuring disc according to the requirements and the sizes of the center positions of the control hole and the control hole of the standard shifting fork piece; after the positions are adjusted, the lower end surfaces of a control hole and a control hole of the shifting fork are respectively sleeved into a left displacement sensor of a left measuring claw and a right displacement sensor of a right measuring claw, the shifting fork is moved downwards along the axis until the lower end surface of the control hole of the shifting fork is contacted with a positioning and supporting surface of a base, the lower end surface of the control hole of the shifting fork is suspended, the position (Z direction) of the vertical direction of the right measuring disc is adjusted, the positioning and supporting surface of the right measuring disc is contacted with the lower end surface of the control hole of the shifting fork, and data of each measuring point.
As shown in fig. 13, the detection device has 7 motions in total, including four left measurement jaw radial direction bidirectional motions R1, eight right measurement jaw radial direction bidirectional motions R2, right measurement disk (jaw) longitudinal motions X1, lateral motions Y1, vertical direction motions Z1, and main displacement sensor longitudinal motions X2 and lateral motions Y2.
As shown in fig. 14, the detection device is provided with four displacement sensors which are uniformly distributed at 90 degrees in a left measurement disc, measuring points are 1,2, 3 and 4, eight displacement sensors which are uniformly distributed at 45 degrees in a right measurement disc are provided, measuring points are 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, and twelve sensor measuring heads read detection data and calculate the diameter (or radius) of a control hole of the diameter of the control hole and the central position size of two holes. As shown in FIG. 15, the main measuring sensor can move in X direction and Y direction to read n data on the sections I, II, III, IV and V on the upper end surface of the operating hole. Defining: the measuring point 2 is arranged along the circumference in a counterclockwise rotating mode, the measuring point 3 is arranged along the circumference in a counterclockwise rotating mode, and the measuring point 3 is arranged along the circumference in a counterclockwise rotating mode by 90 degrees; the cross point of the X-axis forward direction of a circular surface constructed by a right measuring disc and the circumference is a measuring point 5, the measuring point 5 rotates 45 degrees along the circumference anticlockwise to arrange a measuring point 6, the measuring point 6 rotates 45 degrees along the circumference anticlockwise to arrange a measuring point 7, the measuring point 7 rotates 45 degrees along the circumference anticlockwise to arrange a measuring point 8, the measuring point 8 rotates 45 degrees along the circumference anticlockwise to arrange a measuring point 9, the measuring point 9 rotates 45 degrees along the circumference anticlockwise to arrange a measuring point 10, the measuring point 10 rotates 45 degrees along the circumference anticlockwise to arrange a measuring point 11, the measuring point 11 rotates 45 degrees along the circumference anticlockwise to arrange a measuring point 12, corresponding sensors 1-12 are installed at corresponding positions of the measuring points, the cross section of the circular surface constructed by a left measuring disc is a section III in the Y-axis direction, the cross section of an operating hole end face is arranged on the left side of a section line II.
The detection principle is as follows:
1. principle for detecting diameter of control hole, diameter (or radius) of control hole and central position size of two holes
For the symmetrical fork shown in fig. 2 and 3, the working points are 1,2, 3, 4, 8, 9 and 10. For the asymmetric shifting fork shown in fig. 1, two design requirements are set for the center positions of the control hole and the control hole, one requirement is to ensure the center distance L of the two holes, and the other requirement is to ensure the dimension Ly between the two holes in the X direction Lx direction and the Y direction.
As shown in fig. 16, the asymmetric fork in fig. 1 has three placement methods A, B, C in the detection device, wherein a scheme a is that a left measurement claw is sleeved on the lower end face of a control hole of a standard fork piece, the center of the control hole is O1, the longitudinal position of the center O2 of the right measurement claw is adjusted, the X-direction distance Lx of the O1O2 is 90mm, the transverse position of the center O2 of the right measurement claw is adjusted to the lower (-) of the line 0-0, the Y-direction distance Ly of the O1O2 is 64mm, and the measurement points of a half hole of the control hole are 6, 7, 8 and 9; the scheme B is that the center O2 of the right measuring claw is on the line 0-0 and the center distance 110 between two holes of the shifting fork is used. 4355mm is used for adjusting the longitudinal position of O2 to obtain the X-direction distance 110.4355mm of O1O2, and the measuring points of the control hole half holes are 7, 8 and 9; and the scheme C is to adjust the longitudinal position of the right measuring claw center O2 to obtain the X-direction distance Lx of O1O2 as 64mm, adjust the transverse position of the right measuring claw center O2 to the upper (+) of the line 0-0 to obtain the Y-direction distance Ly of O1O2 as 90mm, and control the measuring points of the hole half holes as 8, 9, 10 and 11. The detection device meets the detection of different design size requirements of the centers of a manipulation hole and a control hole on a part, if the part drawing (figure 1) requires the size of the centers of the manipulation hole and the control hole in the X direction, the scheme A is used; if the part drawing (figure 1) requires the dimension of the center connecting line of the control hole and the manipulation hole, using the scheme B; if the part drawing (figure 1) requires the dimension of the center Y direction of the operation hole and the control hole, the scheme C is used.
2. Parallelism measuring principle of upper end surface and lower end surface of control hole
As shown in FIG. 15, the main displacement sensor is moved in the X-direction and the Y-direction to read the upper end surfaces I, II, of the manipulating holes,
And n data on sections III, IV and V.
The error evaluation method comprises the following steps:
1. control hole diameter, control hole diameter (or radius) and two hole center position size assessment
As shown in fig. 17 and 18, the steering well diameter, control well diameter (or radius) and the center position size of both wells were directly evaluated using the least squares method. Fitting the control hole circle by using a least square method to obtain a circle center coordinate (a)1B1), diameter d1Judging whether the diameter of the control hole is qualified or not according to the known design requirement; fitting the control hole circle by using a least square method to obtain a circle center coordinate (a)2,b2) Diameter d2(radius r)2) Judging whether the diameter of the control hole is qualified or not according to the known design requirement; if the symmetric shifting fork or the asymmetric shifting fork requires the central position according to the central distance between two holes or the asymmetric shifting fork is installed and detected according to the scheme B in the figure 16, the central distance between two holes
If the asymmetric fork requires a central position according to the dimension Ly between the two holes in the X-direction Lx and the Y-direction, then Lx＝a2-a1，Ly＝|b2-b1|。
The measurement compression of the displacement sensor at points 1,2 and … 12 is set to be deltaiAnd i is 1,2, … 12, the displacement sensor of each measuring point is zero-set by a standard shifting fork made according to the size series, so the initial value of the radius of the measuring points 1,2, 3 and 4 is the maximum limit radius R1maxThe initial value of the radius of the measuring points of 5 and 6 … 12 is the maximum limit radius R2maxThe center coordinate of the control hole is (x)01,y01) The center coordinate of the control hole is (x)02,y02) The coordinate of each measuring point is (x)i,yi) The positive included angle between each measuring point and the x axis is thetaiAnd if the number of the measuring points is n, the coordinates of any measuring point of the control hole are as follows:
xi＝x01+(R1max-Δi)·cosθi,i＝1,2,3,4 (1)
yi＝y01+(R1max-Δi)·sinθi,i＝1,2,3,4 (2)
the coordinates of any measuring point of the control hole are as follows:
xi＝x02+(R2max-Δi)·cosθi,i＝5,6,…12 (3)
yi＝y02+(R2max-Δi)·sinθi,i＝5,6,…12 (4)
solving the diameter (radius) and the center distance of the two holes by using a least square fitting circle formula, judging whether the size is qualified, wherein the calculation methods of the control hole and the control hole are the same, and solving the center coordinates (a, b) and the radius r of a fitting circle by using the least square fitting circle method are as follows:
x1＝∑xi，y1＝∑yi，
x1y1＝∑xiyi，
order:
c＝n·x2-x12，d＝n·x1y1-x1·y1，e＝n·x3+n·x1y2-(x2+y2)·x1
g＝n·y2-y12，h＝n·x2y1+n·y3-(x2+y2)·y1
ta＝(h·d-e·g)/(c·g-d·d)，tb＝(h·c-e·d)/(d·d-c·g)
tc＝-(ta·x1+tb·y1+x2+y2)/n
fitting the circle center coordinates (a, b): a is-ta/2, b is-tb/2
Fitting circle radius r:
wherein c, d, e, g, h, ta, tb, tc are intermediate variables.
Because the control hole is a half hole, the measuring points 5 and 6 … 12 do not all participate in the measurement, and the starting angles and included angles of the half holes of different shifting forks are different, which measuring points participate in the work and need to be judged and recorded, and the evaluation is carried out according to the corresponding measuring points.
2. Evaluation of flatness error of upper end surface of control hole
And the flatness error of the upper end surface of the control hole is calculated by using n detection data of the main displacement sensor on sections I, II, III, IV and V of the upper end surface of the control hole, the flatness of the upper end surface of the control hole is fitted with a reference plane by adopting a least square method, a plane regression equation is established, and the evaluation of the flatness error of the upper end surface is realized. The least square method fitting plane method is as follows:
setting the coordinates P (xi, yi, zi) of any point on the plane and n points, and fitting a plane equation: and (3) solving A, B, C when Z is AX + BY + C, and fitting a plane T BY a least square method:
setting:
xy＝∑xiyi，x1＝∑xi，
y1＝∑yi，
xz＝∑xizi，yz＝∑yizi，z1＝∑zi
equation (5) is written as:
fitting plane equation coefficients:
the fitted plane equation is then: z is AX + BY + C (7)
Where Δ, Δ x, Δ y, Δ z are intermediate variables.
The fitting coordinates Pn (xi, yi, zin) of any point on the fitting plane are obtained from equation 7
Finding the Z-direction difference fzi between the measurement point P and the fitting point Pn
The flatness error f ═ max (fzi) -min (fzi)
3. Evaluation of parallelism of upper and lower end surfaces of control hole
And evaluating parallelism of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the control hole by adopting a minimum zone method, wherein the lower end surface of the control hole is a reference surface and is an ideal reference surface, and solving the maximum difference value of n detection data of the main displacement sensor on sections I, II, III, IV and V of the upper end surface of the control hole, namely the parallelism error of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the control hole.
Fig. 17 is a diagram of a running window of a comprehensive detection program for machine tool fork parts, and fig. 18 is a flowchart for evaluating the geometric dimensions and form and position errors of the machine tool fork parts, and shows a specific judgment process and a judgment result. And fig. 19 and 20 are a process representation and a result display of the flatness error assessment method.
Example 2:a comprehensive detection device for shifting fork parts of a machine tool mainly comprises a control hole measuring disc component, a slide way block component and a main frame component, wherein the control hole measuring disc component is used for positioning and detecting a shifting fork with the diameter of a control hole, the control hole measuring disc component is used for positioning and detecting the shifting fork with the diameter of the control hole, the slide way block component is used for detecting the shifting forks with different central positions and sizes of the control hole and the control hole, and the main frame component is used for detecting parallelism errors of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the shifting fork control hole.
The control hole measuring disc component consists of a left measuring disc 2, a left big bevel gear 3, a left small bevel gear 4, a left measuring claw 5 and a left displacement sensor 6; a left measuring disc 2 is arranged on a bottom plate 1, a left large bevel gear 3 and a left small bevel gear 4 are arranged in the left measuring disc 2, the left small bevel gear 4 is provided with a wrench hole, a disc-shaped bevel gear on the periphery of the left small bevel gear 4 is meshed with a radial gear on the back of the left big bevel gear 3, the front of the left big bevel gear 3 is provided with plane circular rectangular threads which are distributed circumferentially, a plurality of measuring claws are uniformly distributed on a circular plane, the threads on the lower end surface of the measuring claws are meshed with the plane circular rectangular threads on the front of the left big bevel gear 3, a guide mechanism for preventing the measuring claws from moving circumferentially is arranged between the measuring claws, and the guide mechanism is integrally connected with the left measuring disc 2, so that each measuring claw is close to or far away from the center of a circle in the radial direction and towards the circular plane, a displacement sensor is arranged on the peripheral surface of the outer side of each measuring claw, the number of the left measuring claws 5 is four, and the measuring claws drive the displacement sensor to approach or depart from the center of a circle plane, so that the sensor can move in the direction (radial direction).
The control hole measuring disc component consists of a right measuring disc 16, a right large bevel gear 14, a right small bevel gear 15, a right measuring claw 13 and a right displacement sensor 12, the right measuring disc 16 is arranged on a longitudinal slide block 17, the right large bevel gear 14 and the right small bevel gear 15 are arranged in the right measuring disc 16, the right small bevel gear 15 is provided with a wrench hole, a disc bevel gear on the peripheral surface of the right small bevel gear 15 is meshed with a radial gear on the back surface of the right large bevel gear 14, the front surface of the right large bevel gear 14 is provided with plane circular ring rectangular threads which are circumferentially distributed, a plurality of measuring claws are uniformly distributed on a circular plane, the threads on the lower end surface of each measuring claw are meshed with the plane circular ring rectangular threads on the front surface of the right large bevel gear 14, a guide mechanism for blocking the circumferential movement of the measuring claw is arranged among the measuring claws, the guide mechanism is integrally connected with the right measuring disc 16, so that each measuring claw is close to or far, and the periphery of each measuring claw at the outer side is provided with eight displacement sensors, and the measuring claws drive the displacement sensors to approach or depart from the circle center of the circular plane, so that the sensors can move in the direction (radial direction).
The slide block component consists of a longitudinal slide block 17, a transverse slide block 18, a moving pin 19, a screw rod 20, a sleeve 21, an inclined slide block 22 and a spring 23; a concave longitudinal dovetail guide rail is arranged below the right measuring disc 16, a convex longitudinal dovetail guide rail is arranged above the longitudinal slide block 17, and the concave longitudinal dovetail guide rail and the convex longitudinal dovetail guide rail are matched to enable the right measuring disc 16 to slide in the longitudinal direction on the guide rail of the longitudinal slide block 17; the lower side of the longitudinal slide block 17 is provided with a concave transverse dovetail guide rail, the upper side of the transverse slide block 18 is provided with a convex transverse dovetail guide rail, and the two are matched to ensure that the longitudinal slide block 17 can slide along the transverse direction on the guide rail of the transverse slide block 18; the outer side face of the transverse slideway block 18 is provided with a plumb concave dovetail guide rail, the inner side face of the base is provided with a plumb convex dovetail guide rail, and the plumb concave dovetail guide rail and the plumb convex dovetail guide rail are matched to enable the transverse slideway block 18 to slide along the plumb direction on the guide rail of the base; the inclined slide block 22 is positioned below the transverse slide block 18, and between the lower surface of the transverse slide block 18 and the transverse inclined surface of the inclined slide block 22, the lower surface and the inclined surface are supported by the moving pin 19, the slide block is positioned in the transverse sleeve 21 below the base, the front end of the inclined slide block 22 transversely enters the inner part of the sleeve 21 and is connected with the wall of the sleeve 21 by a spring 23, and the transverse tail end of the inclined slide block 22 is in threaded connection with the screw 20. The depth of the inclined slider 22 entering the interior of the sleeve 21 is controlled by the screw 20, and the different height surfaces of the transverse inclined surface of the inclined slider 22 are brought into contact with the moving pin 19 by the change of the depth of the inclined slider 22 entering the interior of the sleeve 21, so as to control the vertical movement of the moving pin 19, so as to control the vertical movement direction and distance of the transverse slide block 18.
The main frame component consists of a main measuring frame 7, a main measuring beam 8, a main measuring sleeve 9, a main displacement sensor 10, a screw cap 24, a lead screw 25 and a hand wheel 26; the main measuring frame 7 is composed of two brackets which are arranged on two sides of the bottom plate 1, the brackets on each side are connected with a lead screw 25 on the bottom plate 1, so that the lead screw 25 can move along the lead screw 25 in the transverse direction, the two brackets are connected in the longitudinal direction by a main measuring beam 8, a convex longitudinal dovetail guide rail is arranged below the main measuring beam 8, a main measuring sleeve 9 is provided with a concave longitudinal dovetail guide rail, and a main displacement sensor 10 is arranged in the main measuring sleeve 9 and is suspended above the chassis, the control hole measuring disk component and the control hole measuring disk component. One end of the screw 25 is provided with a nut 24 for rotationally controlling the screw 25.
A method for acquiring comprehensive measuring point data of shifting fork parts of a machine tool comprises the following steps:
adjusting the positions of displacement sensors in the detection device for the shifting fork parts of the same batch according to standard shifting fork parts: the diameter of the control hole and the diameter of the control hole of the standard shifting fork member respectively take the maximum limit size of the design size, and the size of the center position of the two holes of the standard shifting fork member takes the median size of the design size; the diameter positions of four left measuring claws in the left measuring disc are adjusted according to the diameter of a control hole of a standard shifting fork piece, and the diameter positions of eight right measuring claws in the right measuring disc are adjusted according to the diameter of the control hole of the standard shifting fork piece; adjusting the longitudinal position and the transverse position of the right measuring disc according to the requirements and the sizes of the center positions of the control hole and the control hole of the standard shifting fork piece;
a left displacement sensor of the left measuring claw is installed in a control hole of a shifting fork, a right displacement sensor of the right measuring claw is installed in a control hole of the shifting fork, the shifting fork is moved downwards along the axis until the lower end face of the control hole of the shifting fork is contacted with a positioning support surface of a base, the lower end face of the control hole of the shifting fork is suspended, the position of the right measuring disc in the vertical direction is adjusted, the positioning support surface of the right measuring disc is contacted with the lower end face of the control hole of the shifting fork, and data of each measuring point are collected and processed;
the detection device collects the measuring point data and has 7 movements, including four bidirectional movements in the radius direction of the left measuring claw, eight bidirectional movements in the radius direction of the right measuring claw, longitudinal movement, transverse movement and vertical movement of the right measuring disc, and longitudinal movement and transverse movement of the main displacement sensor; the detection device is characterized in that four displacement sensors are arranged in a left measuring disc and are uniformly distributed at 90 degrees, measuring points are 1,2, 3 and 4, eight displacement sensors are arranged in a right measuring disc and are uniformly distributed at 45 degrees, the measuring points are 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, measuring heads of the twelve displacement sensors read detection data, the radius of a control hole of a diameter of the control hole and the central position size of two holes are calculated, a main measuring sensor moves transversely and longitudinally, and n data on sections I, II, III, IV and V of the upper end face of the control hole are read.
Defining: the measuring point 2 is arranged along the circumference in a counterclockwise rotating mode, the measuring point 3 is arranged along the circumference in a counterclockwise rotating mode, and the measuring point 3 is arranged along the circumference in a counterclockwise rotating mode by 90 degrees; the cross point of the X-axis forward direction of a circular surface constructed by a right measuring disc and the circumference is a measuring point 5, the measuring point 5 rotates 45 degrees along the circumference anticlockwise to arrange a measuring point 6, the measuring point 6 rotates 45 degrees along the circumference anticlockwise to arrange a measuring point 7, the measuring point 7 rotates 45 degrees along the circumference anticlockwise to arrange a measuring point 8, the measuring point 8 rotates 45 degrees along the circumference anticlockwise to arrange a measuring point 9, the measuring point 9 rotates 45 degrees along the circumference anticlockwise to arrange a measuring point 10, the measuring point 10 rotates 45 degrees along the circumference anticlockwise to arrange a measuring point 11, the measuring point 11 rotates 45 degrees along the circumference anticlockwise to arrange a measuring point 12, corresponding sensors 1-12 are installed at corresponding positions of the measuring points, the cross section of the circular surface constructed by a left measuring disc is a section III in the Y-axis direction, the cross section of an operating hole end face is arranged on the left side of a section line II.
A control hole installation method for asymmetric shifting fork detection comprises the following three installation methods:
the detection device meets the detection of different design size requirements of the centers of a manipulation hole and a control hole on a part, if the part drawing (figure 1) requires the size of the centers of the manipulation hole and the control hole in the X direction, the scheme A is used; if the part drawing (figure 1) requires the dimension of the center connecting line of the control hole and the manipulation hole, using the scheme B; if the part drawing (figure 1) requires the dimension of the center Y direction of the operation hole and the control hole, the scheme C is used.
A: the left measuring claw is arranged in a standard shifting fork piece control hole, the center of the control hole is O1, the longitudinal position of the center O2 of the right measuring claw is adjusted, the X-direction distance Lx of O1O2 is obtained to be 90mm, the transverse position of the center O2 of the right measuring claw is adjusted towards the lower part of the line 0-0 (-), the Y-direction distance Ly of O1O2 is obtained to be 64mm, and the measuring points of half holes of the control hole are 6, 7, 8 and 9;
b: the center O2 of the right measuring claw is on the line 0-0, the longitudinal position of O2 is adjusted according to the center distance 110.4355mm of two holes of a shifting fork, the X-direction distance 110.4355mm of O1O2 is obtained, and the measuring points of half holes of a control hole are 7, 8 and 9;
c: the longitudinal position of the right measuring jaw center O2 is adjusted to obtain the X-direction distance Lx of O1O2 as 64mm, the transverse position of the right measuring jaw center O2 is adjusted to the upper (+) of the line 0-0 to obtain the Y-direction distance Ly of O1O2 as 90mm, and the measuring points of the control hole half holes are 8, 9, 10 and 11.
A method for evaluating the detection error of shift fork includes
Evaluating the diameter of the control hole;
control hole diameter or radius assessment;
and (4) carrying out size evaluation on the central positions of the two holes.
The error evaluation method adopts least square method to evaluate, and uses least square method to fit the control hole circle to obtain the center coordinate (a)1B1), diameter d1Judging whether the diameter of the control hole is qualified or not according to the known design requirement; fitting the control hole circle by using a least square method to obtain a circle center coordinate (a)2,b2) Diameter d2Or radius r2Judging whether the diameter of the control hole is qualified or not according to the known design requirement; if the symmetrical shifting fork or the asymmetrical shifting fork requires the central position according to the central distance between two holes or the asymmetrical shifting fork is installed and detected in the following way
If the asymmetric fork requires a central position according to the dimension Ly between the two holes in the X-direction Lx and the Y-direction, then Lx＝a2-a1，Ly＝|b2-b1|；
The following installation modes are as follows: the center O2 of the right measuring claw is on the line 0-0, the longitudinal position of O2 is adjusted according to the center distance 110.4355mm of two holes of the shifting fork, the X-direction distance 110.4355mm of O1O2 is obtained, and the measuring points of half holes of the control hole are 7, 8 and 9.
The measurement compression of the displacement sensor at points 1,2 and … 12 is set to be deltaiAnd i is 1,2 and … 12, the displacement sensor of each measuring point is adjusted to zero according to the standard shifting fork piece manufactured by the current series of sizes to be measured, and the initial value of the radius of the measuring points of 1-4 is the maximum limit radius R1maxThe initial value of the radius of the 5-12 measuring points is the maximum limit radius R2maxThe center coordinate of the control hole is (x)01,y01) The center coordinate of the control hole is (x)02,y02) The coordinate of each measuring point is (x)i,yi) The positive included angle between each measuring point and the x axis is thetaiAnd if the number of the measuring points is n, the coordinates of any measuring point of the control hole are as follows:
xi＝x01+(R1max-Δi)·cosθi,i＝1,2,3,4 (1)
yi＝y01+(R1max-Δi)·sinθi,i＝1,2,3,4 (2)
the coordinates of any measuring point of the control hole are as follows:
xi＝x02+(R2max-Δi)·cosθi,i＝5,6,…12 (3)
yi＝y02+(R2max-Δi)·sinθi,i＝5,6,…12 (4)
and solving the diameter and the center distance of the two holes or the radius and the center distance of the two holes by using a least square fitting circle formula, and judging whether the size is qualified or not, wherein the calculation methods of the control holes are the same as those of the control holes. The least squares fitting circle method solves the fitted circle center coordinates (a, b) and radius r as follows.
x1＝∑xi，y1＝∑yi，
x1y1＝∑xiyi，
Order:
c＝n·x2-x12，d＝n·x1y1-x1·y1，e＝n·x3+n·x1y2-(x2+y2)·x1
g＝n·y2-y12，h＝n·x2y1+n·y3-(x2+y2)·y1
ta＝(h·d-e·g)/(c·g-d·d)，tb＝(h·c-e·d)/(d·d-c·g)
tc＝-(ta·x1+tb·y1+x2+y2)/n
fitting the circle center coordinates (a, b): a is-ta/2, b is-tb/2
Fitting circle radius r:
wherein c, d, e, g, h, ta, tb, tc are intermediate variables.
Because the control hole is a half hole, the measuring points 5 and 6 … 12 do not all participate in the measurement, and the starting angles and included angles of the half holes of different shifting forks are different, which measuring points participate in the work and need to be judged and recorded, and the evaluation is carried out according to the corresponding measuring points.
And the flatness error of the upper end face is calculated by using n detection data of the main displacement sensor on sections I, II, III, IV and V of the upper end face of the control hole, the flatness of the upper end face of the control hole is fitted with a reference plane by adopting a least square method, a plane regression equation is established, and the evaluation of the flatness error of the upper end face is realized. The least square method fitting plane method is as follows:
setting the coordinate P (xi, yi, zi) of any point on the plane, n points,
fitting a plane equation: obtaining A, B, C when Z is AX + BY + C
Least square fitting plane T:
setting:
xy＝∑xiyi，x1＝∑xi，
y1＝∑yi，
xz＝∑xizi，yz＝∑yizi，z1＝∑zi
equation (5) is written as:
fitting plane equation coefficients:
the fitted plane equation is then: z is AX + BY + C (7)
Where Δ, Δ x, Δ y, Δ z are intermediate variables.
The fitting coordinates Pn (xi, yi, zin) of any point on the fitting plane are obtained from equation 7
Finding the Z-direction difference fzi between the measurement point P and the fitting point Pn
The flatness error f ═ max (fzi) -min (fzi).
The error evaluation method also comprises the following steps of measuring the parallelism of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the control hole: and evaluating parallelism of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the control hole by adopting a minimum zone method, wherein the lower end surface of the control hole is a reference surface and is an ideal reference surface, and solving the maximum difference value of n detection data of the main displacement sensor on sections I, II, III, IV and V of the upper end surface of the control hole, namely the parallelism error of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the control hole.
The above description is only for the purpose of creating a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A control hole installation method for asymmetric shifting fork detection is characterized in that: the following three mounting methods are provided:
a: the left measuring claw is arranged in a standard shifting fork piece control hole, the center of the control hole is O1, the longitudinal position of the center O2 of the right measuring claw is adjusted, the X-direction distance Lx of O1O2 is 90mm, the transverse position of the center O2 of the right measuring claw is adjusted to the lower part of the line 0-0, the Y-direction distance Ly of O1O2 is 64mm, and the measuring points of half holes of the control hole are 6, 7, 8 and 9;
b: the center O2 of the right measuring claw is on the line 0-0, the longitudinal position of O2 is adjusted according to the center distance 110.4355mm of two holes of a shifting fork, the X-direction distance 110.4355mm of O1O2 is obtained, and the measuring points of half holes of a control hole are 7, 8 and 9;
c: adjusting the longitudinal position of the right measuring claw center O2 to obtain the X-direction distance Lx of O1O2 as 64mm, adjusting the transverse position of the right measuring claw center O2 above the line 0-0 to obtain the Y-direction distance Ly of O1O2 as 90mm, and controlling the measuring points of the half holes of the control hole as 8, 9, 10 and 11;
if the part drawing requires the dimension of the center X direction of the control hole and the control hole, the scheme A is selected for installation; if the part drawing requires the dimension in the direction of the central connecting line of the control hole and the control hole, the scheme B is selected for installation; if the part drawing requires the dimension of the center Y direction of the control hole and the control hole, the scheme C is selected for installation;
the detection device used in installation mainly comprises a control hole measuring disc component, a slideway block component and a main frame component, wherein the control hole measuring disc component is used for positioning and detecting a shifting fork with the diameter of a control hole;
the control hole measuring disc component consists of a left measuring disc (2), a left big bevel gear (3), a left small bevel gear (4), a left measuring claw (5) and a left displacement sensor (6); the left measuring disc (2) is installed on the bottom plate (1), the left large bevel gear (3) and the left small bevel gear (4) are installed in the left measuring disc (2), the left small bevel gear (4) is provided with a wrench hole, a disc-shaped bevel gear on the peripheral surface of the left small bevel gear (4) is meshed with a radial gear on the back surface of the left large bevel gear (3), the front surface of the left large bevel gear (3) is provided with planar circular rectangular threads which are circumferentially distributed, a plurality of measuring claws are uniformly distributed on a circular plane, threads on the lower end surface of the measuring claws are meshed with the planar circular rectangular threads on the front surface of the left large bevel gear (3), a guide mechanism for blocking the circumferential movement of the measuring claws is arranged between the measuring claws, the guide mechanism is integrally connected with the left measuring disc (2), so that the measuring claws are close to or far away from the center of the circular plane in the radial direction, and displacement sensors;
the control hole measuring disc component consists of a right measuring disc (16), a right large bevel gear (14), a right small bevel gear (15), a right measuring claw (13) and a right displacement sensor (12), the right measuring disc (16) is arranged on a longitudinal sliding block, the right large bevel gear (14) and the right small bevel gear (15) are arranged in the right measuring disc (16), the right small bevel gear (15) is provided with a wrench hole, a disc bevel gear on the peripheral surface of the right small bevel gear (15) is meshed with a radial gear on the back surface of the right large bevel gear (14), the front surface of the right large bevel gear (14) is provided with plane ring rectangular threads which are distributed circumferentially, a plurality of measuring claws are uniformly distributed on a circular plane, threads on the lower end surface of the measuring claws are meshed with the plane ring rectangular threads on the front surface of the right large bevel gear (14), a guide mechanism for blocking the circumferential movement of the measuring claws is arranged between the measuring claws, and the guide mechanism is integrally connected with the right measuring disc (, enabling each measuring claw to be close to or far away from the center of a circle of a circular plane in the radial direction, and installing a displacement sensor on the peripheral surface of the outer side of each measuring claw;
the slide block component consists of a longitudinal slide block (17), a transverse slide block (18), a moving pin (19), a screw rod (20), a sleeve (21), an inclined slide block (22) and a spring (23); the lower surface of the right measuring disc (16) is provided with a concave longitudinal dovetail guide rail, the upper surface of the longitudinal slideway block (17) is provided with a convex longitudinal dovetail guide rail, and the concave longitudinal dovetail guide rail and the convex longitudinal dovetail guide rail are matched to ensure that the right measuring disc (16) can slide on the guide rail of the longitudinal slideway block (17) along the longitudinal direction; the lower part of the longitudinal slideway block (17) is provided with a concave transverse dovetail guide rail, the upper part of the transverse slideway block (18) is provided with a convex transverse dovetail guide rail, and the longitudinal slideway block (17) and the transverse slideway block are matched to enable the longitudinal slideway block (18) to slide along the transverse direction on the guide rail of the transverse slideway block (18); the outer side surface of the transverse slideway block (18) is provided with a plumb concave dovetail guide rail, the inner side surface of the base is provided with a plumb convex dovetail guide rail, and the plumb concave dovetail guide rail and the plumb convex dovetail guide rail are matched to enable the transverse slideway block (18) to slide along the plumb direction on the guide rail of the base; the inclined sliding block (22) is positioned below the transverse sliding way block (18), the lower surface of the transverse sliding way block (18) and the transverse inclined surface of the inclined sliding block (22) are supported by the moving pin (19), the inclined sliding block (22) is positioned in the transverse sleeve (21) below the base, the inclined sliding block (22) transversely enters the front end of the inner part of the sleeve (21) and is connected with the wall of the sleeve (21) by a spring (23), and the transverse tail end of the inclined sliding block (22) is in threaded connection with the screw (20);
the main frame component consists of a main measuring frame (7), a main measuring beam (8), a main measuring sleeve (9), a main displacement sensor (10), a screw cap (24), a lead screw (25) and a hand wheel (26); the main measuring frame (7) is composed of two supports, the two supports are erected on two sides of the bottom plate (1), the supports on each side are connected with a lead screw (25) on the bottom plate (1) so that the lead screw (25) can move along the lead screw (25) in the transverse direction, the two supports are longitudinally connected through a main measuring beam (8), a convex longitudinal dovetail guide rail is arranged below the main measuring beam (8), a main measuring sleeve (9) is provided with a concave longitudinal dovetail guide rail, a main displacement sensor (10) is installed in the main measuring sleeve (9) and hung above a chassis, an operating hole measuring disk component and a control hole measuring disk component, and a nut (24) is installed at one end of the lead screw (25) so as to control the rotation of the lead screw (25).
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| GB1335949A (en) * | 1971-05-28 | 1973-10-31 | Fiat Spa | Apparatus for dimensional testing of nominally cylindrical workpieces |
| CN202485587U (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-10-10 | 温州天和汽车部件有限公司 | Shifting fork checking fixture of automobile gear box |
| CN103017631B (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2015-05-20 | 力帆实业(集团)股份有限公司 | Detection device for motorcycle shifting fork |
| CN205079692U (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2016-03-09 | 重庆友擘机械制造有限公司 | Shift fork assembly measuring tool of shifting reverses gear |
| CN206002014U (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2017-03-08 | 浙江正昌锻造股份有限公司 | A kind of cubing of automobile shift fork |
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